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@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ VMware 工具以一种高效的形式在提升了其性能的同时，也可以
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大部分时候，当你安装了访客机系统时，如果操作系统支持 [Easy Install][7] 的话你会收到软件更新或弹窗告诉你要安装 VMware 工具。
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Windows 和 Ubuntu 不支持 Esay Install。因此即使你使用 Windows 作为你的宿主机或尝试在 Ubuntu 上安装 VMware 工具，你应该会看到一个和弹窗消息差不多的选项来轻松安装 VMware 工具。这是它应该看起来的样子：
|
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Windows 和 Ubuntu 都支持 Easy Install。因此如果你使用 Windows 作为你的宿主机或尝试在 Ubuntu 上安装 VMware 工具，你应该会看到一个和弹窗消息差不多的选项来轻松安装 VMware 工具。这是它应该看起来的样子：
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![安装 VMware 工具的弹窗][8]
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@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( )
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||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
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||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
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||||
[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Drupal shows leadership on diversity and inclusion)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/10/drupals-diversity-initiatives)
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[#]: author: (Lauren Maffeo https://opensource.com/users/lmaffeo)
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Drupal shows leadership on diversity and inclusion
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======
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Drupal's Diversity & Inclusion Group is taking an innovative approach to
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bringing attention to underrepresented groups in open source.
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![Two diverse hands holding a globe][1]
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I didn't expect [DrupalCon Seattle][2]'s opening keynote to address the barriers that hold people back from making open source contributions. So imagine my surprise when Dries Buytaert, Drupal's project lead and co-founder and CTO of Acquia, which created Drupal, [used his time onstage][3] to share an apology.
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> _"I used to think anyone could contribute to Drupal if they just had the will. I was wrong—many people don't contribute to open source because they don't have the time."_
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> — Dries Buytaert
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Buytaert [disproved the long-held belief][4] that open source is a meritocracy. The truth is that anyone who has free time to do ongoing, unpaid work is more privileged than most. If you're working a second job, caring for aging parents, or earning less due to systemic wage gaps for people of color, you can't start your open source career on equal ground.
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> I wonder if a personal story will help :) In the past year, I dedicated my life to [#drupaldiversity][5]. The bridges that helped us achieve success at the highest level this year were often at a personal cost of my nights, weekends, and personal life.
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>
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> — Fatima (she/her) (@sugaroverflow) [April 15, 2019][6]
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### Increasing diversity and inclusion in Drupal
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Buytaert's keynote highlighted the Drupal project's commitment to diversity—and diversifying.
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For example, the Drupal Association awards grants, scholarships, and money from its inclusion fund to contributors of minority status so they can travel and attend the Association's DrupalCon events. Recently, 18 contributors [received awards][7] to attend [DrupalCon Amsterdam][8] in late October.
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|
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In addition, the all-volunteer [Drupal Diversity & Inclusion][9] (DDI) collective works to diversify Drupal's speaker base. All of DDI's projects are open for anyone to work on in the [Drupal Diversity][10] or [DDI Contrib][11] project repositories.
|
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|
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In its August newsletter, DDI shared another way it seeks to expand awareness of diverse populations. The group starts each of its weekly meetings by asking members where they're from and to acknowledge the indigenous history of the land they live on. In July, DDI launched a related project: [Land Acknowledgements][12], which invites Drupal community members to research their homelands' indigenous histories and share them in a community blog post.
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|
||||
This project caught my eye, and I made a [contribution][13] about the indigenous history of Montgomery County, Maryland, where I live. This project is still open: [anyone can add their research][14] to the blog post.
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|
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To learn more, I interviewed [Alanna Burke][15], a Drupal developer who helps lead the Land Acknowledgements project. Our conversation has been edited for length and clarity.
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|
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### Acknowledging indigenous history
|
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|
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**Lauren Maffeo:** Describe Drupal's Land Acknowledgments project. How did the idea for this project come about, and what is its end goal?
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|
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**Alanna Burke:** In our weekly Slack meetings, we ask everyone to introduce themselves and do a land acknowledgment. I'm not sure when we started doing that. One week, I had the idea that it would be really neat to have folks do a little more research and contribute it back into a blog post—we do these acknowledgments, but without more context or research, they're not very meaningful. We wanted people to find out more about the land that they live on and the indigenous people who, in many cases, still live there.
|
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|
||||
**LM:** How long will you accept contributions to the project? Do you have an ultimate goal for project contributions?
|
||||
|
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**AB:** Right now, we intend to accept contributions for as long as people want to send them in!
|
||||
|
||||
**LM:** How many contributions have you received thus far?
|
||||
|
||||
**AB:** We've had four contributions, plus mine. I think folks have been busy, but that's why we made the decision to keep contributions open. We don't have a goal in terms of numbers, but I'd love to see more people do the research into their land, learn about it, and find out something interesting they didn't know before.
|
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|
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**LM:** Describe the response to this project so far. Do you have plans to expand it beyond Drupal to the broader open source community?
|
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|
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**AB:** Folks seemed to think it was a really great idea! There were definitely a lot of people who wanted to participate but haven't found the time or who just mentioned that it was cool. We haven't discussed any plans to expand it, since we focus on the Drupal community, but I'd encourage any community to take this idea and run with it, see what your community members come up with!
|
||||
|
||||
**LM:** Which leaders in the Drupal community have created and maintained this project?
|
||||
|
||||
**AB:** Myself and the other members of the DDI leadership team: Tara King, Fatima Khalid, Marc Drummond, Elli Ludwigson, Alex Laughnan, and Alex McCabe
|
||||
|
||||
**LM:** What are some 2019 highlights of Drupal's Diversity & Inclusion initiative? Which goals do you aim to achieve in 2020?
|
||||
|
||||
**AB:** Our biggest highlight this year was the Speaker Diversity Workshop, which we held on September 28th. Jill Binder of the WordPress community led this free online workshop aimed at helping underrepresented folks prepare for speaking at camps and conferences.
|
||||
|
||||
We are also going to hold an online [train-the-trainers workshop][16] on November 16th so communities can hold their own speaker workshops.
|
||||
|
||||
In 2020, we'd like to build on these successes. We did a lot of fundraising and created a lot of great relationships in order to make this happen. We have a [handful of initiatives][17] that we are working on at any given time, so we'll be continuing to work on those.
|
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|
||||
**LM:** How can Opensource.com readers contribute to the Land Acknowledgements post and other Drupal D&I initiatives?
|
||||
|
||||
**AB:** Check out [the doc][14] in the issue. Spend a little time doing research, write up a few paragraphs, and submit it! Or, start up an initiative in your community to do land acknowledgments in your meetings or do a collaborative post like ours. Do land acknowledgments as part of events like camps and conferences.
|
||||
|
||||
To get involved in DDI, check out our [guide][18]. We have [an issue queue][10], and we meet in Slack every Thursday for a text-only meeting.
|
||||
|
||||
**LM:** Do you have statistics for how many women and people of minority status (gender, sexuality, religion, etc.) contribute to the Drupal project? If so, what are they?
|
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|
||||
**AB:** We have some numbers—we'd love to have more. This [post][19] has some breakdowns, but here's the gist from 2017-2018, the latest we have:
|
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|
||||
* [Drupal.org][20] received code contributions from 7,287 different individuals and 1,002 different organizations.
|
||||
* The reported data shows that only 7% of the recorded contributions were made by contributors that do not identify as male, which continues to indicate a steep gender gap.
|
||||
* When measuring geographic diversity, we saw individual contributors from six different continents and 123 different countries.
|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Recently, we have implemented [Open Demographics][21] on Drupal.org, a project by DDI's founder, Nikki Stevens. We hope this will give us better demographic data in the future.
|
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|
||||
### Closing the diversity gap in open source
|
||||
|
||||
Drupal is far from alone among [open source communities with a diversity gap][22], and I think it deserves a lot of credit for tackling these issues head-on. Diversity and inclusion is a much broader topic than most of us realize. Before I read DDI's August newsletter, the history of indigenous people in my community was something that I hadn't really thought about before. Thanks to DDI's project, I'm not only aware of the people who lived in Maryland long before me, but I've come to appreciate and respect what they brought to this land.
|
||||
|
||||
I encourage you to learn about the native people in your homeland and record their history in DDI's Land Acknowledgements blog. If you're a member of another open source project, consider replicating this project there.
|
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|
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Open source research often paints the community as a homogeneous landscape. I have collected...
|
||||
|
||||
Egle Sigler, Kavit Munshi, and Carol Barrett talk about the importance of diversity in the...
|
||||
|
||||
Diversity has a new full-time ally. Marina Zhurakhinskaya recently won an O'Reilly award for her...
|
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|
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
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via: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/drupals-diversity-initiatives
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Lauren Maffeo][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/lmaffeo
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/world_hands_diversity.png?itok=zm4EDxgE (Two diverse hands holding a globe)
|
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[2]: https://events.drupal.org/seattle2019
|
||||
[3]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNoCn6T9Xf8
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||||
[4]: https://dri.es/the-privilege-of-free-time-in-open-source
|
||||
[5]: https://twitter.com/hashtag/drupaldiversity?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
|
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[6]: https://twitter.com/sugaroverflow/status/1117876869590728705?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
|
||||
[7]: https://events.drupal.org/amsterdam2019/grants-scholarships
|
||||
[8]: https://events.drupal.org/amsterdam2019
|
||||
[9]: https://opencollective.com/drupal-diversity-and-inclusion
|
||||
[10]: https://www.drupal.org/project/issues/diversity
|
||||
[11]: https://www.drupal.org/project/issues/ddi_contrib
|
||||
[12]: https://www.drupaldiversity.com/blog/2019/land-acknowledgments
|
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[13]: https://www.drupal.org/project/diversity/issues/3063065#comment-13234777
|
||||
[14]: https://www.drupal.org/project/diversity/issues/3063065
|
||||
[15]: https://www.drupal.org/u/aburke626
|
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[16]: https://www.drupaldiversity.com/blog/2019/learn-how-hold-your-own-speaker-diversity-workshop-saturday-november-16
|
||||
[17]: https://www.drupaldiversity.com/initiatives
|
||||
[18]: https://www.drupaldiversity.com/get-involved
|
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[19]: https://dri.es/who-sponsors-drupal-development-2018
|
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[20]: http://Drupal.org
|
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[21]: https://www.drupal.org/project/open_demographics
|
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[22]: https://opensource.com/resources/diversity-open-source
|
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@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
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[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Open source interior design with Sweet Home 3D)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/10/interior-design-sweet-home-3d)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
|
||||
|
||||
Open source interior design with Sweet Home 3D
|
||||
======
|
||||
Try out furniture layouts, color schemes, and more in virtual reality
|
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before you go shopping in the real world.
|
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![Several houses][1]
|
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|
||||
There are three schools of thought on how to go about decorating a room:
|
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|
||||
1. Buy a bunch of furniture and cram it into the room
|
||||
2. Take careful measurements of each item of furniture, calculate the theoretical capacity of the room, then cram it all in, ignoring the fact that you've placed a bookshelf on top of your bed
|
||||
3. Use a computer for pre-visualization
|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Historically, I practiced the little-known fourth principle: don't have furniture. However, since I became a remote worker, I've found that a home office needs conveniences like a desk and a chair, a bookshelf for reference books and tech manuals, and so on. Therefore, I have been formulating a plan to populate my living and working space with actual furniture, made of actual wood rather than milk crates (or glue and sawdust, for that matter), with an emphasis on _plan_. The last thing I want is to bring home a great find from a garage sale to discover that it doesn't fit through the door or that it's oversized compared to another item of furniture.
|
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|
||||
It was time to do what the professionals do. It was time to pre-viz.
|
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|
||||
### Open source interior design
|
||||
|
||||
[Sweet Home 3D][2] is an open source (GPLv2) interior design application that helps you draw your home's floor plan and then define, resize, and arrange furniture. You can do all of this with precise measurements, down to fractions of a centimeter, without having to do any math and with the ease of basic drag-and-drop operations. And when you're done, you can view the results in 3D. If you can create a basic table (not the furniture kind) in a word processor, you can plan the interior design of your home in Sweet Home 3D.
|
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|
||||
### Installing
|
||||
|
||||
Sweet Home 3D is a [Java][3] application, so it's universal. It runs on any operating system that can run Java, which includes Linux, Windows, MacOS, and BSD. Regardless of your OS, you can [download][4] the application from the website.
|
||||
|
||||
* On Linux, [untar][5] the archive. Right-click on the SweetHome3D file and select **Properties**. In the **Permission** tab, grant the file executable permission.
|
||||
* On MacOS and Windows, expand the archive and launch the application. You must grant it permission to run on your system when prompted.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![Sweet Home 3D permissions][6]
|
||||
|
||||
On Linux, you can also install Sweet Home 3D as a Snap package, provided you have **snapd** installed and enabled.
|
||||
|
||||
### Measures of success
|
||||
|
||||
First thing first: Break out your measuring tape. To get the most out of Sweet Home 3D, you must know the actual dimensions of the living space you're planning for. You may or may not need to measure down to the millimeter or 16th of an inch; you know your own tolerance for variance. But you must get the basic dimensions, including measuring walls and windows and doors.
|
||||
|
||||
Use your best judgment for common sense. For instance, When measuring doors, include the door frame; while it's not technically part of the _door_ itself, it is part of the wall space that you probably don't want to cover with furniture.
|
||||
|
||||
![Measure twice, execute once][7]
|
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|
||||
CC-SA-BY opensource.com
|
||||
|
||||
### Creating a room
|
||||
|
||||
When you first launch Sweet Home 3D, it opens a blank canvas in its default viewing mode, a blueprint view in the top panel, and a 3D rendering in the bottom panel. On my [Slackware][8] desktop computer, this works famously, but my desktop is also my video editing and gaming computer, so it's got a great graphics card for 3D rendering. On my laptop, this view was a lot slower. For best performance (especially on a computer not dedicated to 3D rendering), go to the **3D View** menu at the top of the window and select **Virtual Visit**. This view mode renders your work from a ground-level point of view based on the position of a virtual visitor. That means you get to control what is rendered and when.
|
||||
|
||||
It makes sense to switch to this view regardless of your computer's power because an aerial 3D rendering doesn't provide you with much more detail than what you have in your blueprint plan. Once you have changed the view mode, you can start designing.
|
||||
|
||||
The first step is to define the walls of your home. This is done with the **Create Walls** tool, found to the right of the **Hand** icon in the top toolbar. Drawing walls is simple: Click where you want a wall to begin, click to anchor it, and continue until your room is complete.
|
||||
|
||||
![Drawing walls in Sweet Home 3D][9]
|
||||
|
||||
Once you close the walls, press **Esc** to exit the tool.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Defining a room
|
||||
|
||||
Sweet Home 3D is flexible on how you create walls. You can draw the outer boundary of your house first, and then subdivide the interior, or you can draw each room as conjoined "containers" that ultimately form the footprint of your house. This flexibility is possible because, in real life and in Sweet Home 3D, walls don't always define a room. To define a room, use the **Create Rooms** button to the right of the **Create Walls** button in the top toolbar.
|
||||
|
||||
If the room's floor space is defined by four walls, then all you need to do to define that enclosure as a room is double-click within the four walls. Sweet Home 3D defines the space as a room and provides you with its area in feet or meters, depending on your preference.
|
||||
|
||||
For irregular rooms, you must manually define each corner of the room with a click. Depending on the complexity of the room shape, you may have to experiment to find whether you need to work clockwise or counterclockwise from your origin point to avoid quirky Möbius-strip flooring. Generally, however, defining the floor space of a room is straightforward.
|
||||
|
||||
![Defining rooms in Sweet Home 3D][10]
|
||||
|
||||
After you give the room a floor, you can change to the **Arrow** tool and double-click on the room to give it a name. You can also set the color and texture of the flooring, walls, ceiling, and baseboards.
|
||||
|
||||
![Modifying room floors, ceilings, etc. in Sweet Home 3D][11]
|
||||
|
||||
None of this is rendered in your blueprint view by default. To enable room rendering in your blueprint panel, go to the **File** menu and select **Preferences**. In the **Preferences** panel, set **Room rendering in plan** to **Floor color or texture**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Doors and windows
|
||||
|
||||
Once you've finished the basic floor plan, you can switch permanently to the **Arrow** tool.
|
||||
|
||||
You can find doors and windows in the left column of Sweet Home 3D, in the **Doors and Windows** category. You have many choices, so choose whatever is closest to what you have in your home.
|
||||
|
||||
![Moving a door in Sweet Home 3D][12]
|
||||
|
||||
To place a door or window into your plan, drag-and-drop it on the appropriate wall in your blueprint panel. To adjust its position and size, double-click the door or window.
|
||||
|
||||
### Adding furniture
|
||||
|
||||
With the base plan complete, the part of the job that feels like _work_ is over! From this point onward, you can play with furniture arrangements and other décor.
|
||||
|
||||
You can find furniture in the left column, organized by the room for which each is intended. You can drag-and-drop any item into your blueprint plan and control orientation and size with the tools visible when you hover your mouse over the item's corners. Double-click on any item to adjust its color and finish.
|
||||
|
||||
### Visiting and exporting
|
||||
|
||||
To see what your future home will look like, drag the "person" icon in your blueprint view into a room.
|
||||
|
||||
![Sweet Home 3D rendering][13]
|
||||
|
||||
You can strike your own balance between realism and just getting a feel for space, but your imagination is your only limit. You can get additional assets to add to your home from the Sweet Home 3D [download page][4]. You can even create your own furniture and textures with the **Library Editor** applications, which are optional downloads from the project site.
|
||||
|
||||
Sweet Home 3D can export your blueprint plan to SVG format for use in [Inkscape][14], and it can export your 3D model to OBJ format for use in [Blender][15]. To export your blueprint, go to the **Plan** menu and select **Export to SVG format**. To export a 3D model, go to the **3D View** menu and select **Export to OBJ format**.
|
||||
|
||||
You can also take "snapshots" of your home so that you can refer to your ideas without opening Sweet Home 3D. To create a snapshot, go to the **3D View** menu and select **Create Photo**. The snapshot is rendered from the perspective of the person icon in the blueprint view, so adjust as required, then click the **Create** button in the **Create Photo** window. If you're happy with the photo, click **Save**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Home sweet home
|
||||
|
||||
There are many more features in Sweet Home 3D. You can add a sky and a lawn, position lights for your photos, set ceiling height, add another level to your house, and much more. Whether you're planning for a flat you're renting or a house you're buying—or a house that doesn't even exist (yet), Sweet Home 3D is an engaging and easy application that can entertain and help you make better purchasing choices when scurrying around for furniture, so you can finally stop eating breakfast at the kitchen counter and working while crouched on the floor.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/interior-design-sweet-home-3d
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/LIFE_housing.png?itok=s7i6pQL1 (Several houses)
|
||||
[2]: http://www.sweethome3d.com/
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/resources/java
|
||||
[4]: http://www.sweethome3d.com/download.jsp
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/17/7/how-unzip-targz-file
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/sweethome3d-permissions.png (Sweet Home 3D permissions)
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life/sweethome3d-measure.jpg (Measure twice, execute once)
|
||||
[8]: http://www.slackware.com/
|
||||
[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/sweethome3d-walls.jpg (Drawing walls in Sweet Home 3D)
|
||||
[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/sweethome3d-rooms.jpg (Defining rooms in Sweet Home 3D)
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/sweethome3d-rooms-modify.jpg (Modifying room floors, ceilings, etc. in Sweet Home 3D)
|
||||
[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/sweethome3d-move.jpg (Moving a door in Sweet Home 3D)
|
||||
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/sweethome3d-view.jpg (Sweet Home 3D rendering)
|
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[14]: http://inkscape.org
|
||||
[15]: http://blender.org
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user