From bdea55a328cd7ed75555629b8ed237ace6fe6c56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: yangmingming Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2016 17:29:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] yangmingming translating --- ...ckground and Detach Process in Terminal.md | 121 ------------------ ...ckground and Detach Process in Terminal.md | 120 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 120 insertions(+), 121 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20161025 How to Start Linux Command in Background and Detach Process in Terminal.md create mode 100755 translated/tech/20161025 How to Start Linux Command in Background and Detach Process in Terminal.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20161025 How to Start Linux Command in Background and Detach Process in Terminal.md b/sources/tech/20161025 How to Start Linux Command in Background and Detach Process in Terminal.md deleted file mode 100644 index f5558458c5..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20161025 How to Start Linux Command in Background and Detach Process in Terminal.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,121 +0,0 @@ -yangmingming translating -# How to Start Linux Command in Background and Detach Process in Terminal - -In this guide, we shall bring to light a simple yet important concept in [process handling in a Linux system][8], that is how to completely detach a process from its controlling terminal. - -When a process is associated with a terminal, two problems might occur: - -1. your controlling terminal is filled with so much output data and error/diagnostic messages. -2. in the event that the terminal is closed, the process together with its child processes will be terminated. - -To deal with these two issues, you need to totally detach a process from a controlling terminal. Before we actually move to solve the problem, let us briefly cover how to run processes in the background. - -### How to Start a Linux Process or Command in Background - -If a process is already in execution, such as the [tar command example][7] below, simply press `Ctrl+Z` to stop it then enter the command `bg` to continue with its execution in the background as a job. - -You can view all your background jobs by typing `jobs`. However, its stdin, stdout, stderr are still joined to the terminal. - -``` -$ tar -czf home.tar.gz . -$ bg -$ jobs - -``` - -[![Run Linux Command in Background](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Run-Linux-Command-in-Background.png)][6] - -Run Linux Command in Background - -You can as well run a process directly from the background using the ampersand, `&` sign. - -``` -$ tar -czf home.tar.gz . & -$ jobs - -``` - -[![Start Linux Process in Background](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Start-Linux-Process-in-Background.png)][5] - -Start Linux Process in Background - -Take a look at the example below, although the [tar command][4] was started as a background job, an error message was still sent to the terminal meaning the process is still connected to the controlling terminal. - -``` -$ tar -czf home.tar.gz . & -$ jobs - -``` - -[![Linux Process Running in Background Message](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Linux-Process-Running-in-Background-Message.png)][3] - -Linux Process Running in Background Message - -### Keep Linux Processes Running After Exiting Terminal - -We will use disown command, it is used after the a process has been launched and put in the background, it’s work is to remove a shell job from the shell’s active list jobs, therefore you will not use `fg`, `bg` commands on that particular job anymore. - -In addition, when you close the controlling terminal, the job will not hang or send a SIGHUP to any child jobs. - -Let’s take a look at the below example of using diswon bash built-in function. - -``` -$ sudo rsync Templates/* /var/www/html/files/ & -$ jobs -$ disown -h %1 -$ jobs - -``` - -[![Keep Linux Process Running After Closing Terminal](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Keep-Linux-Processes-Running.png)][2] - -Keep Linux Process Running After Closing Terminal - -You can also use `nohup` command, which also enables a process to continue running in the background when a user exits a shell. - -``` -$ nohup tar -czf iso.tar.gz Templates/* & -$ jobs - -``` - -[![Put Linux Process in Background After Closing Shell](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Put-Linux-Process-in-Background.png)][1] - -Put Linux Process in Background After Closing Shell - -### Detach a Linux Processes From Controlling Terminal - -Therefore, to completely detach a process from a controlling terminal, use the command format below, this is more effective for graphical user interface (GUI) applications such as firefox: - -``` -$ firefox /dev/null & - -``` - -In Linux, /dev/null is a special device file which writes-off (gets rid of) all data written to it, in the command above, input is read from, and output is sent to /dev/null. - -As a concluding remark, provided a process is connected to a controlling terminal, as a user, you will see several output lines of the process data as well as error messages on your terminal. Again, when you close the a controlling terminal, your process and child processes will be terminated. - -Importantly, for any questions or remarks on the subject, reach us by using the comment form below. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.tecmint.com/run-linux-command-process-in-background-detach-process/# - -作者：[Aaron Kili][a] - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) - -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: http://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/ -[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Put-Linux-Process-in-Background.png -[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Keep-Linux-Processes-Running.png -[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Linux-Process-Running-in-Background-Message.png -[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/18-tar-command-examples-in-linux/ -[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Start-Linux-Process-in-Background.png -[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Run-Linux-Command-in-Background.png -[7]:http://www.tecmint.com/18-tar-command-examples-in-linux/ -[8]:http://www.tecmint.com/monitor-linux-processes-and-set-process-limits-per-user/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20161025 How to Start Linux Command in Background and Detach Process in Terminal.md b/translated/tech/20161025 How to Start Linux Command in Background and Detach Process in Terminal.md new file mode 100755 index 0000000000..99d02bd960 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20161025 How to Start Linux Command in Background and Detach Process in Terminal.md @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +# 如何在后台运行 Linux 命令并且在终端分离进程 + +在本指南中，我们将会阐明一个在 [Linux 系统中进程管理][8]的简单但是重要的概念，那就是如何从它的控制终端完全分离一个进程。 + +当一个进程和终端关联，两个问题有可能发生： + +1. 你的控制终端充满了很多输出数据或者错误和诊断信息 +2. 如果发生终端关闭的情况，进程连同它的子进程都将会终止 + +为了解决上面两个问题，你需要从一个控制终端完全分离一个进程。在我们实际上解决这个问题之前，让我们先简要的介绍一下，如何在后台运行一个进程。 + +### 如何在后台开始一个 Linux 进程或者命令行 + +如果一个进程已经运行，例如下面的[tar 命令行的例子][7]，简单的按下 `Ctrl+Z` 就可以停止前台运行，然后输入命令 `bg` 就可以继续其后台运行的作业了。 + +你可以通过输入 `jobs` 查看所有的后台作业。但是，标准输入、标准输出和标准错误依旧掺杂到控制台中。 + +``` +$ tar -czf home.tar.gz . +$ bg +$ jobs + +``` + +[![在后台运行 Linux 命令](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Run-Linux-Command-in-Background.png)][6] + +在后台运行 Linux 命令 + +你也可以直接在前台使用符号 `&` 运行一个进程 + +``` +$ tar -czf home.tar.gz . & +$ jobs + +``` + +[![在后台开始一个 Linux 进程](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Start-Linux-Process-in-Background.png)][5] + +在后台开始一个 Linux 进程 + +看一下下面的这个例子，虽然 [tar 命令][4]是作为一个后台任务开始的，但是错误信息依旧发送到终端，意思也就是说，进程依旧和控制终端关联在一起。 + +``` +$ tar -czf home.tar.gz . & +$ jobs + +``` + +[![运行在后台的 Linux 进程信息](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Linux-Process-Running-in-Background-Message.png)][3] + +运行在后台的 Linux 进程信息 + +### 退出控制台之后，保持 Linux 进程的运行 + +我们将使用 disown 命令，它在一个进程已经运行并且被放在后台之后使用，它的作用是从 shell 的活动的任务列表中移走一个 shell 任务，因此，在特定的任务中，你将再也不能使用 `fg` 、 `bg` 命令了。 + +而且，当你关闭控制控制终端，这个任务将不会暂停或者向任何一个子任务发送 SIGHUP 信号。 + +让我们看一下先下面的这个使用 bash 中内置函数——disown 的例子。 + +``` +$ sudo rsync Templates/* /var/www/html/files/ & +$ jobs +$ disown -h %1 +$ jobs + +``` + +[![关闭终端之后，保持 Linux 进程运行](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Keep-Linux-Processes-Running.png)][2] + +关闭终端之后，保持 Linux 进程运行 + +你也可以使用 `nohup` 命令，这个命令也可以在用户退出 shell 之后保证进程在后台继续运行。 + +``` +$ nohup tar -czf iso.tar.gz Templates/* & +$ jobs + +``` + +[![关闭 shell 之后把 Linux 进程至于后台](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Put-Linux-Process-in-Background.png)][1] + +关闭 shell 之后把 Linux 进程至于后台 + +### 从控制终端分离一个 Linux 进程 + +因此，为了彻底从控制终端分离一个程序，对于图形用户界面 (GUI) 例如 firefox 来说，使用下面的命令行格式会更有效： + +``` +$ firefox /dev/null & + +``` + +在 Linux 上，/dev/null 是一个特殊的文件设备，它会忽略所有的写在它上面的数据，上面的命令，输入来源于并且输出发送至都是 /dev/null。 + +作为结束语，提供了一个连接控制终端的进程，作为一个用户，你将会在你的终端上看到这个进程数据的许多行输出，也包含错误信息。同样，当你关闭一个控制终端，你的进程和子进程都将会终止。 + +重要的是，对于这个主题任何的问题或者观点，通过下面的评论联系我们。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.tecmint.com/run-linux-command-process-in-background-detach-process/# + +作者：[Aaron Kili][a] + +译者：[yangmingming](https://github.com/yangmingming) + +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: http://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/ +[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Put-Linux-Process-in-Background.png +[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Keep-Linux-Processes-Running.png +[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Linux-Process-Running-in-Background-Message.png +[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/18-tar-command-examples-in-linux/ +[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Start-Linux-Process-in-Background.png +[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Run-Linux-Command-in-Background.png +[7]:http://www.tecmint.com/18-tar-command-examples-in-linux/ +[8]:http://www.tecmint.com/monitor-linux-processes-and-set-process-limits-per-user/ From c0af64ab8093958d120f107dc9627ae31a24c47d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: yangmingming Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2016 22:58:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] yangmingming translating --- ...les in a Directory Except One or Few Files with Extensions.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/20161025 3 Ways to Delete All Files in a Directory Except One or Few Files with Extensions.md b/sources/tech/20161025 3 Ways to Delete All Files in a Directory Except One or Few Files with Extensions.md index e5090f477e..b017d82bc7 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20161025 3 Ways to Delete All Files in a Directory Except One or Few Files with Extensions.md +++ b/sources/tech/20161025 3 Ways to Delete All Files in a Directory Except One or Few Files with Extensions.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +yangmingming translating # 3 Ways to Delete All Files in a Directory Except One or Few Files with Extensions Sometimes you get into a situation where you need to delete all files in a directory or simply cleanup a directory by removing all files except files of a given type (ending with a particular extension).