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[#]: subject: (How to use Poetry to manage your Python projects on Fedora)
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[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-use-poetry-to-manage-your-python-projects-on-fedora/)
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[#]: author: (Kader Miyanyedi https://fedoramagazine.org/author/moonkat/)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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How to use Poetry to manage your Python projects on Fedora
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======
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![Python & Poetry on Fedora][1]
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Python developers often create a new virtual environment to separate project dependencies and then manage them with tools such as _pip, pipenv, etc._ Poetry is a tool for simplifying dependency management and packaging in Python. This post will show you how to use Poetry to manage your Python projects on Fedora.
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Unlike other tools, Poetry uses only a single configuration file for dependency management, packaging, and publishing. This eliminates the need for different files such as _Pipfile, MANIFEST.in, setup.py_, etc. It is also faster than **using multiple tools.
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Detailed below is a brief overview of commands used when getting started with Poetry.
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### **Installing Poetry on Fedora**
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If you already use Fedora 32 or above, you can install Poetry directly from the command line using this command:
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```
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$ sudo dnf install poetry
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```
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```
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Editor note: on Fedora Silverblue or CoreOs Python 3.9.2 is part of the core commit, you would layer Poetry with '
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```
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rpm-ostree install poetry
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```
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'
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```
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### Initialize a project
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Create a new project using the _new_ command.
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```
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$ poetry new poetry-project
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```
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The structure of a project created with Poetry looks like this:
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```
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├── poetry_project
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│ └── init.py
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├── pyproject.toml
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├── README.rst
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└── tests
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├── init.py
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└── test_poetry_project.py
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```
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Poetry uses _pyproject.toml_ to manage the dependencies of your project. Initially, this file will look similar to this:
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```
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[tool.poetry]
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name = "poetry-project"
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version = "0.1.0"
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description = ""
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authors = ["Kadermiyanyedi <kadermiyanyedi@hotmail.com>"]
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[tool.poetry.dependencies]
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python = "^3.9"
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[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
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pytest = "^5.2"
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[build-system]
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requires = ["poetry>=0.12"]
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build-backend = "poetry.masonry.api"
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```
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This file contains 4 sections:
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* The first section contains information describing the project such as project name, project version, etc.
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* The second section contains project dependencies. These dependencies are necessary to build the project.
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* The third section contains development dependencies.
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* The fourth section describes a building system as in [PEP 517][2]
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If you already have a project, or create your own project folder, and you want to use poetry, run the _init_ command within your project.
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```
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$ poetry init
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```
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After this command, you will see an interactive shell to configure your project.
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### Create a virtual environment
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If you want to create a virtual environment or activate an existing virtual environment, use the command below:
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```
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$ poetry shell
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```
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Poetry creates the virtual environment in the _/home/username/.cache/pypoetry_ project by default. You can change the default path by editing the poetry config. Use the command below to see the config list:
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```
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$ poetry config --list
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cache-dir = "/home/username/.cache/pypoetry"
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virtualenvs.create = true
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virtualenvs.in-project = true
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virtualenvs.path = "{cache-dir}/virtualenvs"
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```
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Change the _virtualenvs.in-project_ configuration variable to create a virtual environment within your project directory. The Poetry command is:
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```
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$ poetry config virtualenv.in-project true
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```
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### Add dependencies
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Install a dependency for the project with the _poetry add_ command.
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```
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$ poetry add django
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```
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You can identify any dependencies that you use only for the development environment using the _add_ command with the _–dev_ option.
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```
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$ poetry add black --dev
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```
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The **add** command creates a _poetry.lock file_ that is used to track package versions. If the _poetry.lock_ file doesn’t exist, the latest versions of all dependencies in _pyproject.toml_ are installed. If _poetry.lock_ does exist, Poetry uses the exact versions listed in the file to ensure that the package versions are consistent for everyone working on your project.
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Use the poetry _install_ command to install all dependencies in your current project.
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```
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$ poetry install
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```
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Prevent development dependencies from being installed by using the _no-dev_ option.
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```
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$ poetry install --no-dev
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```
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### List packages
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The _show_ command lists all of the available packages. The _tree_ option will list packages as a tree.
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```
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$ poetry show --tree
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django 3.1.7 A high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.
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├── asgiref >=3.2.10,<4
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├── pytz *
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└── sqlparse >=0.2.2
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```
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Include the package name to list details of a specific package.
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```
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$ poetry show requests
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name : requests
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version : 2.25.1
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description : Python HTTP for Humans.
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dependencies
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- certifi >=2017.4.17
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- chardet >=3.0.2,<5
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- idna >=2.5,<3
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- urllib3 >=1.21.1,<1.27
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```
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Finally, if you want to learn the latest version of the packages, you can pass the _latest_ option.
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```
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$ poetry show --latest
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idna 2.10 3.1 Internationalized Domain Names in Applications
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asgiref 3.3.1 3.3.1 ASGI specs, helper code, and adapters
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```
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### Further information
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More details on Poetry are available in the [documentation][3].
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-use-poetry-to-manage-your-python-projects-on-fedora/
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作者：[Kader Miyanyedi][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/moonkat/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Poetry_Python-816x345.jpg
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[2]: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0517/
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[3]: https://python-poetry.org/docs/
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@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
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[#]: subject: (How to use Poetry to manage your Python projects on Fedora)
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[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-use-poetry-to-manage-your-python-projects-on-fedora/)
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[#]: author: (Kader Miyanyedi https://fedoramagazine.org/author/moonkat/)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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如何在 Fedora 上使用 Poetry 来管理你的 Python 项目？
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======
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![Python & Poetry on Fedora][1]
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Python 开发人员经常创建一个新的虚拟环境来分离项目依赖，然后用 _pip、pipenv_ 等工具来管理它们。Poetry 是一个简化 Python 中依赖管理和打包的工具。这篇文章将向你展示如何在 Fedora 上使用 Poetry 来管理你的 Python 项目。
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与其他工具不同，Poetry 只使用一个配置文件来进行依赖管理、打包和发布。这消除了对不同文件的需求，如 _Pipfile、MANIFEST.in、setup.py_ 等。这也比使用多个工具更快。
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下面详细介绍一下开始使用 Poetry 时使用的命令。
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### **在 Fedora 上安装 Poetry**
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如果你已经使用 Fedora 32 或以上版本，你可以使用这个命令直接从命令行安装 Poetry：
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```
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$ sudo dnf install poetry
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```
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```
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编者注：在 Fedora Silverblue 或 CoreOs上，Python 3.9.2 是核心提交的一部分，你可以用下面的命令安装 Poetry：
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```
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rpm-ostree install poetry
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### 初始化一个项目
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使用 _new_ 命令创建一个新项目。
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```
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$ poetry new poetry-project
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```
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The structure of a project created with Poetry looks like this:
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用 Poetry 创建的项目结构是这样的：
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```
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├── poetry_project
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│ └── init.py
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├── pyproject.toml
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├── README.rst
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└── tests
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├── init.py
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└── test_poetry_project.py
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```
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Poetry 使用 _pyproject.toml_ 来管理项目的依赖。最初，这个文件看起来类似于这样：
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```
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[tool.poetry]
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name = "poetry-project"
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version = "0.1.0"
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description = ""
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authors = ["Kadermiyanyedi <kadermiyanyedi@hotmail.com>"]
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[tool.poetry.dependencies]
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python = "^3.9"
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[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
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pytest = "^5.2"
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[build-system]
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requires = ["poetry>=0.12"]
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build-backend = "poetry.masonry.api"
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```
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这个文件包含 4 个部分：
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* 第一部分包含描述项目的信息，如项目名称、项目版本等。
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* 第二部分包含项目的依赖。这些依赖是构建项目所必需的。
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* 第三部分包含开发依赖。
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* 第四部分描述的是符合 [PEP 517][2] 的构建系统。
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如果你已经有一个项目，或者创建了自己的项目文件夹，并且你想使用 Poetry，请在你的项目中运行 _init_ 命令。
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```
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$ poetry init
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```
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在这个命令之后，你会看到一个交互式的 shell 来配置你的项目。
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### 创建一个虚拟环境
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如果你想创建一个虚拟环境或激活一个现有的虚拟环境，请使用以下命令：
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```
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$ poetry shell
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```
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Poetry 默认在 _/home/username/.cache/pypoetry_ 项目中创建虚拟环境。你可以通过编辑 poetry 配置来更改默认路径。使用下面的命令查看配置列表：
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```
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$ poetry config --list
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cache-dir = "/home/username/.cache/pypoetry"
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virtualenvs.create = true
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virtualenvs.in-project = true
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virtualenvs.path = "{cache-dir}/virtualenvs"
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```
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修改 _virtualenvs.in-project_ 配置变量，在项目目录下创建一个虚拟环境。Poetry 命令是：
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```
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$ poetry config virtualenv.in-project true
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```
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### 添加依赖
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使用 _poetry add_ 命令为项目安装一个依赖。
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```
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$ poetry add django
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```
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你可以使用带有 _-dev_ 选项的 _add_ 命令来识别任何只用于开发环境的依赖。
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```
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$ poetry add black --dev
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```
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**add** 命令会创建一个 _poetry.lock_ 文件，用来跟踪软件包的版本。如果 _poetry.lock_ 文件不存在，那么会安装 _pyproject.toml_ 中所有依赖项的最新版本。如果 _poetry.lock_ 存在，Poetry 会使用文件中列出的确切版本，以确保每个使用这个项目的人的软件包版本是一致的。
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使用 poetry _install_ 命令来安装当前项目中的所有依赖。
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```
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$ poetry install
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```
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通过使用 _no-dev_ 选项防止安装开发依赖。
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```
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$ poetry install --no-dev
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```
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### 列出软件包
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_show_ 命令会列出所有可用的软件包。_tree_ 选项将以树状列出软件包。
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```
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$ poetry show --tree
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django 3.1.7 A high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.
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├── asgiref >=3.2.10,<4
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├── pytz *
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└── sqlparse >=0.2.2
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```
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包含软件包名称，以列出特定软件包的详细信息。
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```
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$ poetry show requests
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name : requests
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version : 2.25.1
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description : Python HTTP for Humans.
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dependencies
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- certifi >=2017.4.17
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- chardet >=3.0.2,<5
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- idna >=2.5,<3
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- urllib3 >=1.21.1,<1.27
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```
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最后，如果你想知道软件包的最新版本，你可以通过 _latest_ 选项。
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```
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$ poetry show --latest
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idna 2.10 3.1 Internationalized Domain Names in Applications
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asgiref 3.3.1 3.3.1 ASGI specs, helper code, and adapters
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```
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### 更多信息
|
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|
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Poetry 的更多详情可在[文档][3]中获取。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-use-poetry-to-manage-your-python-projects-on-fedora/
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|
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作者：[Kader Miyanyedi][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/moonkat/
|
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
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[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Poetry_Python-816x345.jpg
|
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[2]: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0517/
|
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[3]: https://python-poetry.org/docs/
|
||||
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