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Translating By MjSeven
How to Use DockerHub
======
![](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/dockerhub-container.jpg?itok=tvraxGzh)
In the previous articles, we learned the basics of [Docker terminology][1], [how to install Docker][2] on desktop Linux, macOS, and Windows, and [how to create container images][3] and run them on your system. In this last article in the series, we will talk about using images from DockerHub and publishing your own images to DockerHub.
First things first: what is DockerHub and why is it important? DockerHub is a cloud-based repository run and managed by Docker Inc. It's an online repository where Docker images can be published and used by other users. There are both public and private repositories. If you are a company, you can have a private repository for use within your own organization, whereas public images can be used by anyone.
You can also use official Docker images that are published publicly. I use many such images, including for my test WordPress installations, KDE plasma apps, and more. Although we learned last time how to create your own Docker images, you don't have to. There are thousands of images published on DockerHub for you to use. DockerHub is hardcoded into Docker as the default registry, so when you run the docker pull command against any image, it will be downloaded from DockerHub.
### Download images from Docker Hub and run locally
Please check out the previous articles in the series to get started. Then, once you have Docker running on your system, you can open the terminal and run:
```
$ docker images
```
This command will show all the docker images currently on your system. Let's say you want to deploy Ubuntu on your local machine; you would do:
```
$ docker pull ubuntu
```
If you already have Ubuntu image on your system, the command will automatically update that image to the latest version. So, if you want to update the existing images, just run the docker pull command, easy peasy. It's like apt-get upgrade without any muss and fuss.
You already know how to run an image:
```
$ docker run -it <image name>
$ docker run -it ubuntu
```
The command prompt should change to something like this:
```
root@1b3ec4621737:/#
```
Now you can run any command and utility that you use on Ubuntu. It's all safe and contained. You can run all the experiments and tests you want on that Ubuntu. Once you are done testing, you can nuke the image and download a new one. There is no system overhead that you would get with a virtual machine.
You can exit that container by running the exit command:
```
$ exit
```
Now let's say you want to install Nginx on your system. Run search to find the desired image:
```
$ docker search nginx
aizMFFysICAEsgDDYrsrlqwoCgGbWVHtcOzgV9mA
```
As you can see, there are many images of Nginx on DockerHub. Why? Because anyone can publish an image. Various images are optimized for different projects, so you can choose the appropriate image. You just need to install the appropriate image for your use-case.
Let's say you want to pull Bitnami's Nginx container:
```
$ docker pull bitnami/nginx
```
Now run it with:
```
$ docker run -it bitnami/nginx
```
### How to publish images to Docker Hub?
Previously, [we learned how to create a Docker image][3], and we can easily publish that image to DockerHub. First, you need to log into DockerHub. If you don't already have an account, please [create one][5]. Then, you can open terminal app and log in:
```
$ docker login --username=<USERNAME>
```
Replace <USERNAME> with the name of your username for Docker Hub. In my case it's arnieswap:
```
$ docker login --username=arnieswap>
```
Enter the password, and you are logged in. Now run the docker images command to get the ID of the image that you created last time.
```
$ docker images
tW1jDOugkX7J2FfyFyToM6B8m5OYFwMba-Ag5aez
```
Now, suppose you want to push the ng image to DockerHub. First, we need to tag that image ([learn more about tags][1]):
```
$ docker tag e7083fd898c7 arnieswap/my_repo:testing
```
Now push that image:
```
$ docker push arnieswap/my_repo
```
The push refers to repository [docker.io/arnieswap/my_repo]
```
12628b20827e: Pushed
8600ee70176b: Mounted from library/ubuntu
2bbb3cec611d: Mounted from library/ubuntu
d2bb1fc88136: Mounted from library/ubuntu
a6a01ad8b53f: Mounted from library/ubuntu
833649a3e04c: Mounted from library/ubuntu
testing: digest: sha256:286cb866f34a2aa85c9fd810ac2cedd87699c02731db1b8ca1cfad16ef17c146 size: 1569
```
Eureka! Your image is being uploaded. Once finished, open DockerHub, log into your account, and you can see your very first Docker image. Now anyone can deploy your image. It's the easiest and fastest way to develop and distribute software. Whenever you update the image, users can simply run:
```
$ docker run arnieswap/my_repo
```
Now you know why people love Docker containers. They solve many problems that traditional workloads face and allow you develop, test, and deploy applications in no time. And, by following the steps in this series, you can try them out for yourself.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/intro-to-linux/2018/1/how-use-dockerhub
作者：[Swapnil Bhartiya][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/arnieswap
[1]:https://www.linux.com/blog/intro-to-linux/2017/12/container-basics-terms-you-need-know
[2]:https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/intro-to-linux/how-install-docker-ce-your-desktop
[3]:https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/intro-to-linux/2018/1/how-create-docker-image
[4]:https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/aizMFFysICAEsgDDYrsrlqwoCgGbWVHtcOzgV9mAtV8IdBZgHPJTdHIZhWBNCRvOyJb108ZBajJ_Nz10yCxGSvk-AF-yvFxpojLdVu3Jjihcwaup6CQLc67A5nglBuGDaOZWcrbV
[5]:https://hub.docker.com/
[6]:https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/tW1jDOugkX7J2FfyFyToM6B8m5OYFwMba-Ag5aezVGf2A5gsKJ47QrCh_TOKWgIKfE824Uc2Cwwwj9jWps1yJlUZqDyIceVQs-nEbKavFDxuUxLyd4thBA4_rsXrQH4r7hrG8FnD

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如何使用 DockerHub
=====
![](https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/dockerhub-container.jpg?itok=tvraxGzh)
在前面的文章中，我们了解到了 [Docker terminology][1] 的基础，在Linux 桌面，MacOS 和 Windows上 [如何安装 Docker][2]，[如何创建容器镜像][3] 并且在系统上运行它们。在本系列的最后一篇文章中，我们将讨论如何使用 DockerHub 中的镜像以及将自己的镜像发布到 DockerHub。
首先要做的是：什么是 DockerHub 以及为什么它很重要？DockerHub 是一个由 Docker Inc 运行和管理的基于云的存储库。它是一个在线存储库，Docker 镜像可以由其他用户发布和使用。它有公共和私人存储库。如果你是一家公司，你可以在你自己的组织内拥有一个私人存储库，这里的公共镜像可以被任何人使用。
你也可以使用公开发布的官方 Docker 镜像。我使用了很多这样的镜像，包括我的试验 WordPress 安装，KDE plasma 应用程序等等。虽然我们上次学习了如何创建自己的 Docker 镜像，但你不必这样做。DockerHub 上发布了数千镜像供你使用。DockerHub 作为默认注册表硬编码到 Docker 中，所以当你对任何镜像运行 docker pull 命令时，它将从 DockerHub 下载。
### 从 Docker Hub 下载镜像并在本地运行
请查看本系列的前几篇文章，以便开始阅读。然后，一旦 Docker 在你的系统上运行，你就可以打开终端并运行：
```
$ docker images
```
该命令将显示当前系统上所有的 docker 镜像。假设你想在本地机器上部署 Ubuntu；你可能会：
```
$ docker pull ubuntu
```
如果你的系统上已经存在 Ubuntu 镜像，那么该命令会自动将该系统更新到最新版本。因此，如果你想要更新现有的镜像，只需运行 docker pull 命令，易如反掌。这就像 apt-get update 一样，没有任何的混乱和麻烦。
你已经知道了如何运行镜像：
```
$ docker run -it <image name>
$ docker run -it ubuntu
```
命令提示符应该变为如下内容：
```
root@1b3ec4621737:/#
```
现在你可以运行任何属于 Ubuntu 的命令和实用程序，这些都被包含在内而且安全。你可以在 Ubuntu 上运行你想要的所有实验和测试。一旦你完成了测试，你就可以核对镜像并下载一个新的。在虚拟机中不存在系统开销。
你可以通过运行 exit 命令退出该容器：
```
$ exit
```
现在假设你想在系统上安装 Nginx，运行 search 命令来找到需要的镜像：
```
$ docker search nginx
aizMFFysICAEsgDDYrsrlqwoCgGbWVHtcOzgV9mA
```
正如你所看到的，DockerHub 上有很多 Nginx 镜像。为什么？因为任何人都可以发布镜像，各种镜像针对不同的项目进行了优化，因此你可以选择合适的镜像。你只需要为你的需求安装合适的镜像。
假设你想要拉取 Bitnami's Nginx 镜像：
```
$ docker pull bitnami/nginx
```
现在运行：
```
$ docker run -it bitnami/nginx
```
### 如何发布镜像到 Docker Hub？
在此之前，[我们学习了如何创建 Docker 镜像][3]，我们可以轻松地将该镜像发布到 DockerHub 中。首先，你需要登录 DockerHub，如果没有账户，请 [创建账户][5]。然后，你可以打开终端应用，登录：
```
$ docker login --username=<USERNAME>
```
将 &lt;USERNAME&gt; 替换为你自己的 Docker Hub 用户名。我这里是 arnieswap：
```
$ docker login --username=arnieswap
```
输入密码，你就登录了。现在运行 docker 镜像命令来获取你上次创建的镜像的 ID。
```
$ docker images
tW1jDOugkX7J2FfyFyToM6B8m5OYFwMba-Ag5aez
```
现在，假设你希望将 ng 镜像推送到 DockerHub，首先，我们需要标记该镜像（[了解更多关于标记的信息][1]）：
```
$ docker tag e7083fd898c7 arnieswap/my_repo:testing
```
现在推送镜像：
```
$ docker push arnieswap/my_repo
```
推送指向的是 [docker.io/arnieswap/my_repo] 仓库
```
12628b20827e: Pushed
8600ee70176b: Mounted from library/ubuntu
2bbb3cec611d: Mounted from library/ubuntu
d2bb1fc88136: Mounted from library/ubuntu
a6a01ad8b53f: Mounted from library/ubuntu
833649a3e04c: Mounted from library/ubuntu
testing: digest: sha256:286cb866f34a2aa85c9fd810ac2cedd87699c02731db1b8ca1cfad16ef17c146 size: 1569
```
哦耶！你的镜像正在上传。一旦完成，打开 DockerHub，登录到你的账户，你就能看到你的第一个 Docker 镜像。现在任何人都可以部署你的镜像。这是开发软件和发布软件最简单，最快速的方式。无论你何时更新镜像，用户都可以简单地运行：
```
$ docker run arnieswap/my_repo
```
现在你知道为什么人们喜欢 Docker 容器了。它解决了传统工作负载所面临的许多问题，并允许你在任何时候开发、测试和部署应用程序。通过遵循本系列中的步骤，你自己可以尝试以下。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/intro-to-linux/2018/1/how-use-dockerhub
作者：[Swapnil Bhartiya][a]
译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/arnieswap
[1]:https://www.linux.com/blog/intro-to-linux/2017/12/container-basics-terms-you-need-know
[2]:https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/intro-to-linux/how-install-docker-ce-your-desktop
[3]:https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/intro-to-linux/2018/1/how-create-docker-image
[4]:https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/aizMFFysICAEsgDDYrsrlqwoCgGbWVHtcOzgV9mAtV8IdBZgHPJTdHIZhWBNCRvOyJb108ZBajJ_Nz10yCxGSvk-AF-yvFxpojLdVu3Jjihcwaup6CQLc67A5nglBuGDaOZWcrbV
[5]:https://hub.docker.com/
[6]:https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/tW1jDOugkX7J2FfyFyToM6B8m5OYFwMba-Ag5aezVGf2A5gsKJ47QrCh_TOKWgIKfE824Uc2Cwwwj9jWps1yJlUZqDyIceVQs-nEbKavFDxuUxLyd4thBA4_rsXrQH4r7hrG8FnD