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**translating by amwps290
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How to print filename with awk on Linux / Unix
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======
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I would like to print filename with awk on Linux / Unix-like system. How do I print filename in BEGIN section of awk? Can I print the name of the current input file using gawk/awk?
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The name of the current input file set in FILENAME variable. You can use FILENAME to display or print current input file name If no files are specified on the command line, the value of FILENAME is “-” (stdin). However, FILENAME is undefined inside the BEGIN rule unless set by getline.
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### How to print filename with awk
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The syntax is:
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```
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awk '{ print FILENAME }' fileNameHere
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awk '{ print FILENAME }' /etc/hosts
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```
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You might see file name multiple times as awk read file line-by-line. To avoid this problem update your awk/gawk syntax as follows:
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```
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awk 'FNR == 1{ print FILENAME } ' /etc/passwd
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awk 'FNR == 1{ print FILENAME } ' /etc/hosts
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```
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### How to print filename in BEGIN section of awk
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Use the following syntax:
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```
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awk 'BEGIN{print ARGV[1]}' fileNameHere
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awk 'BEGIN{print ARGV[1]}{ print "someting or do something on data" }END{}' fileNameHere
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awk 'BEGIN{print ARGV[1]}' /etc/hosts
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```
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Sample outputs:
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```
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/etc/hosts
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```
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However, ARGV[1] might not always work. For example:
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`ls -l /etc/hosts | awk 'BEGIN{print ARGV[1]} { print }'`
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So you need to modify it as follows (assuming that ls -l only produced a single line of output):
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`ls -l /etc/hosts | awk '{ print "File: " $9 ", Owner:" $3 ", Group: " $4 }'`
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Sample outputs:
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```
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File: /etc/hosts, Owner:root, Group: roo
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```
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### How to deal with multiple filenames specified by a wild card
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Use the following simple syntax:
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```
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awk '{ print FILENAME; nextfile } ' *.c
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awk 'BEGIN{ print "Starting..."} { print FILENAME; nextfile }END{ print "....DONE"} ' *.conf
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```
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Sample outputs:
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```
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Starting...
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blkid.conf
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cryptconfig.conf
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dhclient6.conf
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dhclient.conf
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dracut.conf
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gai.conf
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gnome_defaults.conf
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host.conf
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idmapd.conf
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idnalias.conf
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idn.conf
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insserv.conf
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iscsid.conf
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krb5.conf
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ld.so.conf
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logrotate.conf
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mke2fs.conf
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mtools.conf
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netscsid.conf
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nfsmount.conf
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nscd.conf
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nsswitch.conf
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openct.conf
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opensc.conf
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request-key.conf
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resolv.conf
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rsyncd.conf
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sensors3.conf
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slp.conf
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smartd.conf
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sysctl.conf
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vconsole.conf
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warnquota.conf
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wodim.conf
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xattr.conf
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xinetd.conf
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yp.conf
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....DONE
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```
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nextfile tells awk to stop processing the current input file. The next input record read comes from the next input file. For more information see awk/[gawk][1] command man page:
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```
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man awk
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man gawk
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```
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### about the author
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The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. He has worked with global clients and in various industries, including IT, education, defense and space research, and the nonprofit sector. Follow him on [Twitter][2], [Facebook][3], [Google+][4]. Get the **latest tutorials on SysAdmin, Linux/Unix and open source topics via[my RSS/XML feed][5]**.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-print-filename-with-awk-on-linux-unix/
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作者：Vivek GIte[][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/
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[1]:https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/
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[2]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft
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[3]:https://facebook.com/nixcraft
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[4]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz
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[5]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/atom/atom.xml
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@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
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# 如何在 Linux / Unix 上使用 awk 打印文件名
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我想在 Linux / 类Unix 系统上使用 awk 打印文件名。 如何使用 awk 的 BEGIN 特殊模式打印文件名？ 我可以使用 gawk/awk 打印当前输入文件的名称吗？( LCTT 注：读者最好能有一些 awk 的背景知识，否则阅读本文的时候会有一些困惑)
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在 FILENAME 变量中存放着当前输入文件的名称。 您可以使用 FILENAME 显示或打印当前输入文件名，如果在命令行中未指定文件，则FILENAME的值为“ - ”（标准输入）（ LCTT 注：多次按下回车键即可看到效果）。 但是，除非由 getline 设置，否则 FILENAME 在 BEGIN 特殊模式中未定义。
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### 使用 awk 打印文件名
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使用语法如下：
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```
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awk '{ print FILENAME }' fileNameHere
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awk '{ print FILENAME }' /etc/hosts
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```
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因 awk 逐行读取文件，因此，你可能看到多个文件名，为了避免这个情况，你可以使用如下的命令：( LCTT注：FNR 表示当前记录数，只在文件中有效)
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```
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awk 'FNR == 1{ print FILENAME } ' /etc/passwd
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awk 'FNR == 1{ print FILENAME } ' /etc/hosts
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```
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### 使用 awk 的 BEGIN 特殊规则打印文件名
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使用下面的语法：( LCTT 注：ARGV[I] 表示输入的第 i 个参数)
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```
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awk 'BEGIN{print ARGV[1]}' fileNameHere
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awk 'BEGIN{print ARGV[1]}{ print "someting or do something on data" }END{}' fileNameHere
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awk 'BEGIN{print ARGV[1]}' /etc/hosts
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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/etc/hosts
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```
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然而，ARGV\[1\] 并不是每一次都能奏效，例如：
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`ls -l /etc/hosts | awk 'BEGIN{print ARGV[1]} { print }'`
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你需要将它修改如下（假设 ls -l 只产生一行输出）：
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`ls -l /etc/hosts | awk '{ print "File: " $9 ", Owner:" $3 ", Group: " $4 }'`
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示例输出：
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```
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File: /etc/hosts, Owner:root, Group: root
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```
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### 处理由通配符指定的多个文件名
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使用如下的示例语法：
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```
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awk '{ print FILENAME; nextfile } ' *.c
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awk 'BEGIN{ print "Starting..."} { print FILENAME; nextfile }END{ print "....DONE"} ' *.conf
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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Starting...
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blkid.conf
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cryptconfig.conf
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dhclient6.conf
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dhclient.conf
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dracut.conf
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gai.conf
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gnome_defaults.conf
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host.conf
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idmapd.conf
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idnalias.conf
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idn.conf
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insserv.conf
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iscsid.conf
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krb5.conf
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ld.so.conf
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logrotate.conf
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mke2fs.conf
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mtools.conf
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netscsid.conf
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nfsmount.conf
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nscd.conf
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nsswitch.conf
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openct.conf
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opensc.conf
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request-key.conf
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resolv.conf
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rsyncd.conf
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sensors3.conf
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slp.conf
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smartd.conf
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sysctl.conf
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vconsole.conf
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warnquota.conf
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wodim.conf
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xattr.conf
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xinetd.conf
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yp.conf
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....DONE
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```
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nextfile 告诉 awk 停止处理当前的输入文件。 下一个输入记录读取来自下一个输入文件。 更多信息，请参见 awk/[gawk][1] 命令手册页：
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```
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man awk
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man gawk
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```
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### 关于作者
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作者是 nixCraft 的创立者，也是经验丰富的系统管理员和 Linux/Unix shell 脚本的培训师。 他曾与全球各行各业的客户合作，涉及 IT，教育，国防和空间研究以及非营利部门等多个行业。 您可以在 [Twitter][2]，[Facebook][3] 和 [Google+][4]上关注他。 可以通过订阅我的 [RSS][5] 来获取更多的关于**系统管理，Linux/Unix ，和开源主题**的相关资料。
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-print-filename-with-awk-on-linux-unix/
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作者：Vivek GIte[][a]
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译者：[amwps290](https://github.com/amwps290)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/
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[1]:https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/
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[2]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft
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[3]:https://facebook.com/nixcraft
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[4]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz
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[5]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/atom/atom.xml
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