From 91dedce69cf03acf679be7b609c74d53f48f0c56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: darksun Date: Sun, 5 May 2019 10:29:08 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=2020190425=20Automate=20bac?= =?UTF-8?q?kups=20with=20restic=20and=20systemd=20sources/tech/20190425=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Automate=20backups=20with=20restic=20and=20systemd.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...utomate backups with restic and systemd.md | 132 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 132 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20190425 Automate backups with restic and systemd.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20190425 Automate backups with restic and systemd.md b/sources/tech/20190425 Automate backups with restic and systemd.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..46c71ae313 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20190425 Automate backups with restic and systemd.md @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (Automate backups with restic and systemd) +[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/automate-backups-with-restic-and-systemd/) +[#]: author: (Link Dupont https://fedoramagazine.org/author/linkdupont/) + +Automate backups with restic and systemd +====== + +![][1] + +Timely backups are important. So much so that [backing up software][2] is a common topic of discussion, even [here on the Fedora Magazine][3]. This article demonstrates how to automate backups with **restic** using only systemd unit files. + +For an introduction to restic, be sure to check out our article [Use restic on Fedora for encrypted backups][4]. Then read on for more details. + +Two systemd services are required to run in order to automate taking snapshots and keeping data pruned. The first service runs the _backup_ command needs to be run on a regular frequency. The second service takes care of data pruning. + +If you’re not familiar with systemd at all, there’s never been a better time to learn. Check out [the series on systemd here at the Magazine][5], starting with this primer on unit files: + +> [systemd unit file basics][6] + +If you haven’t installed restic already, note it’s in the official Fedora repositories. To install use this command [with sudo][7]: + +``` +$ sudo dnf install restic +``` + +### Backup + +First, create the _~/.config/systemd/user/restic-backup.service_ file. Copy and paste the text below into the file for best results. + +``` +[Unit] +Description=Restic backup service +[Service] +Type=oneshot +ExecStart=restic backup --verbose --one-file-system --tag systemd.timer $BACKUP_EXCLUDES $BACKUP_PATHS +ExecStartPost=restic forget --verbose --tag systemd.timer --group-by "paths,tags" --keep-daily $RETENTION_DAYS --keep-weekly $RETENTION_WEEKS --keep-monthly $RETENTION_MONTHS --keep-yearly $RETENTION_YEARS +EnvironmentFile=%h/.config/restic-backup.conf +``` + +This service references an environment file in order to load secrets (such as _RESTIC_PASSWORD_ ). Create the _~/.config/restic-backup.conf_ file. Copy and paste the content below for best results. This example uses BackBlaze B2 buckets. Adjust the ID, key, repository, and password values accordingly. + +``` +BACKUP_PATHS="/home/rupert" +BACKUP_EXCLUDES="--exclude-file /home/rupert/.restic_excludes --exclude-if-present .exclude_from_backup" +RETENTION_DAYS=7 +RETENTION_WEEKS=4 +RETENTION_MONTHS=6 +RETENTION_YEARS=3 +B2_ACCOUNT_ID=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX +B2_ACCOUNT_KEY=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX +RESTIC_REPOSITORY=b2:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX:/ +RESTIC_PASSWORD=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX +``` + +Now that the service is installed, reload systemd: _systemctl –user daemon-reload_. Try running the service manually to create a backup: _systemctl –user start restic-backup_. + +Because the service is a _oneshot_ , it will run once and exit. After verifying that the service runs and creates snapshots as desired, set up a timer to run this service regularly. For example, to run the _restic-backup.service_ daily, create _~/.config/systemd/user/restic-backup.timer_ as follows. Again, copy and paste this text: + +``` +[Unit] +Description=Backup with restic daily +[Timer] +OnCalendar=daily +Persistent=true +[Install] +WantedBy=timers.target +``` + +Enable it by running this command: + +``` +$ systemctl --user enable --now restic-backup.timer +``` + +### Prune + +While the main service runs the _forget_ command to only keep snapshots within the keep policy, the data is not actually removed from the restic repository. The _prune_ command inspects the repository and current snapshots, and deletes any data not associated with a snapshot. Because _prune_ can be a time-consuming process, it is not necessary to run every time a backup is run. This is the perfect scenario for a second service and timer. First, create the file _~/.config/systemd/user/restic-prune.service_ by copying and pasting this text: + +``` +[Unit] +Description=Restic backup service (data pruning) +[Service] +Type=oneshot +ExecStart=restic prune +EnvironmentFile=%h/.config/restic-backup.conf +``` + +Similarly to the main _restic-backup.service_ , _restic-prune_ is a oneshot service and can be run manually. Once the service has been set up, create and enable a corresponding timer at _~/.config/systemd/user/restic-prune.timer_ : + +``` +[Unit] +Description=Prune data from the restic repository monthly +[Timer] +OnCalendar=monthly +Persistent=true +[Install] +WantedBy=timers.target +``` + +That’s it! Restic will now run daily and prune data monthly. + +* * * + +_Photo by _[ _Samuel Zeller_][8]_ on _[_Unsplash_][9]_._ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://fedoramagazine.org/automate-backups-with-restic-and-systemd/ + +作者：[Link Dupont][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/linkdupont/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/restic-systemd-816x345.jpg +[2]: https://restic.net/ +[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/?s=backup +[4]: https://fedoramagazine.org/use-restic-encrypted-backups/ +[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/series/systemd-series/ +[6]: https://fedoramagazine.org/systemd-getting-a-grip-on-units/ +[7]: https://fedoramagazine.org/howto-use-sudo/ +[8]: https://unsplash.com/photos/JuFcQxgCXwA?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText +[9]: https://unsplash.com/search/photos/archive?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText