From 127e4fa02ca4c6d1fbd231f85caf7548be877478 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8C=97=E6=A2=A6=E5=8D=97=E6=AD=8C?= Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2022 21:34:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 01/94] Translating MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 申领原文 --- .../20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md b/sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md index 87805bf010..60413c66b7 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/1/manage-passwords-linux-terminal" [#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "hwlife" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 41435e65cd8f42194550ade6f3181e2ed7683b4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8C=97=E6=A2=A6=E5=8D=97=E6=AD=8C?= Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2022 21:36:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 02/94] Translating MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 申领原文 --- .../20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md b/sources/tech/20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md index 74b14bf09c..ec7e3ed1e3 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/) [#]: author: (Bill Dyer https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/) [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: (hwlife) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) From 2da22cfcb335141fe91235def80d6f10213f1b83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8C=97=E6=A2=A6=E5=8D=97=E6=AD=8C?= Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2022 21:37:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 03/94] Translating MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 申领原文 --- ...mate setup and delivery for virtual machines in the cloud.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210126 Automate setup and delivery for virtual machines in the cloud.md b/sources/tech/20210126 Automate setup and delivery for virtual machines in the cloud.md index 65f7fe07e8..1c9e7d7b7c 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210126 Automate setup and delivery for virtual machines in the cloud.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210126 Automate setup and delivery for virtual machines in the cloud.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: (hwlife) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) From 0630bfbb1c7b5f3837a417a508efd5a219c6fb5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2022 22:06:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 04/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98=20&=20=E7=94=B3?= =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=B7=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...7 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md | 108 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 108 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md b/sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eee5fbfbc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +[#]: subject: "Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/18/11/gitbase" +[#]: author: "Francesc Campoy https://opensource.com/users/francesc/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL +====== +Gitbase is a Go-powered open source project that allows SQL queries to be run on Git repositories. +![][1] +Image by: Jason Baker. CC BY-SA 4.0. + +Git has become the de-facto standard for code versioning, but its popularity didn't remove the complexity of performing deep analyses of the history and contents of source code repositories. + +SQL, on the other hand, is a battle-tested language to query large codebases as its adoption by projects like Spark and BigQuery shows. + +So it is just logical that at source{d} we chose these two technologies to create gitbase: the code-as-data solution for large-scale analysis of git repositories with SQL. + +[Gitbase][2] is a fully open source project that stands on the shoulders of a series of giants which made its development possible, this article aims to point out the main ones. + +![][3] + +The [gitbase playground][4] provides a visual way to use gitbase. + +### Parsing SQL with Vitess + +Gitbase's user interface is SQL. This means we need to be able to parse and understand the SQL requests that arrive through the network following the MySQL protocol. Fortunately for us, this was already implemented by our friends at YouTube and their [Vitess][5] project. Vitess is a database clustering system for horizontal scaling of MySQL. + +We simply grabbed the pieces of code that mattered to us and made it into an [open source project][6] that allows anyone to write a MySQL server in minutes (as I showed in my [justforfunc][7] episode [CSVQL—serving CSV with SQL][8]). + +### Reading git repositories with go-git + +Once we've parsed a request we still need to find how to answer it by reading the git repositories in our dataset. For this, we integrated source{d}'s most successful repository [go-git][9]. Go-git is a highly extensible Git implementation in pure Go. + +This allowed us to easily analyze repositories stored on disk as [siva][10] files (again an open source project by source{d}) or simply cloned with git clone. + +### Detecting languages with enry and parsing files with babelfish + +Gitbase does not stop its analytic power at the git history. By integrating language detection with our (obviously) open source project [enry][11] and program parsing with [babelfish][12]. Babelfish is a self-hosted server for universal source code parsing, turning code files into Universal Abstract Syntax Trees (UASTs) + +These two features are exposed in gitbase as the user functions LANGUAGE and UAST. Together they make requests like "find the name of the function that was most often modified during the last month" possible. + +### Making it go fast + +Gitbase analyzes really large datasets—e.g. Public Git Archive, with 3TB of source code from GitHub ([announcement][13]) and in order to do so every CPU cycle counts. + +This is why we integrated two more projects into the mix: Rubex and Pilosa. + +### Speeding up regular expressions with Rubex and Oniguruma + +[Rubex][14] is a quasi-drop-in replacement for Go's regexp standard library package. I say quasi because they do not implement the LiteralPrefix method on the regexp.Regexp type, but I also had never heard about that method until right now. + +Rubex gets its performance from the highly optimized C library [Oniguruma][15] which it calls using [cgo][16]. + +### Speeding up queries with Pilosa indexes + +Indexes are a well-known feature of basically every relational database, but Vitess does not implement them since it doesn't really need to. + +But again open source came to the rescue with [Pilosa][17], a distributed bitmap index implemented in Go which made gitbase usable on massive datasets. Pilosa is an open source, distributed bitmap index that dramatically accelerates queries across multiple, massive datasets. + +### Conclusion + +I'd like to use this blog post to personally thank the open source community that made it possible for us to create gitbase in such a shorter period that anyone would have expected. At source{d} we are firm believers in open source and every single line of code under github.com/src-d (including our OKRs and investor board) is a testament to that. + +Would you like to give gitbase a try? The fastest and easiest way is with source{d} Engine. Download it from sourced.tech/engine and get gitbase running with a single command! + +Want to know more? Check out the recording of my talk at the [Go SF meetup][18]. + +![][19] + +The article was [originally published][20] on Medium and is republished here with permission. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/francesc/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/ +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/bus_cloud_database.png +[2]: https://github.com/src-d/gitbase +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gitbase.png +[4]: https://github.com/src-d/gitbase-web +[5]: https://github.com/vitessio/vitess +[6]: https://github.com/src-d/go-mysql-server +[7]: http://justforfunc.com/ +[8]: https://youtu.be/bcRDXAraprk +[9]: https://github.com/src-d/go-git +[10]: https://github.com/src-d/siva +[11]: https://github.com/src-d/enry +[12]: https://github.com/bblfsh/bblfshd +[13]: https://blog.sourced.tech/post/announcing-pga/ +[14]: https://github.com/moovweb/rubex +[15]: https://github.com/kkos/oniguruma +[16]: https://golang.org/cmd/cgo/ +[17]: https://github.com/pilosa/pilosa +[18]: https://www.meetup.com/golangsf/events/251690574/ +[19]: https://youtu.be/OXL2KxOTmBQ +[20]: https://medium.com/sourcedtech/gitbase-exploring-git-repos-with-sql-95ec0986386c From ea797cb4b8f0fa74a19bdbeb442d0bff5f614c34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2022 22:07:27 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 05/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98=20&=20=E7=94=B3?= =?UTF-8?q?=E9=A2=86=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 修改作者和选题者 --- .../tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md b/sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md index eee5fbfbc8..a8693bafac 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md +++ b/sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md @@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ The article was [originally published][20] on Medium and is republished here wit via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/ -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] +作者：[Francesc Campoy][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) From 3578dd9005e5af0428c45b8d31dc8a94d054c29f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lnx <44699856+amagicboy@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2022 23:09:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 06/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit translated by amagicboy --- ...Beautiful Linux Distributions -Featured.md | 209 ------------------ ...Beautiful Linux Distributions -Featured.md | 208 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 208 insertions(+), 209 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220317 Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions -Featured.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220317 Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions -Featured.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220317 Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions -Featured.md b/sources/tech/20220317 Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions -Featured.md deleted file mode 100644 index c8bc9ef43a..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220317 Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions -Featured.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,209 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions [Featured]" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/beautiful-linux-distributions-2022/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "amagicboy" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions [Featured] -====== -WE GIVE YOU THE TOP 10 BEAUTIFUL LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS OF 2022. THEY ARE A -VISUAL TREAT TO YOUR EYES WHILE BEING A ROBUST OPERATING SYSTEM. -The most fantastic thing about [Linux Distributions][1] is you can customize them to any extent to satisfy your visual needs. Whether based on Ubuntu or Fedora, you have all the tools you need to customize a Linux desktop. - -But, there are many Linux Distributions that looks stunning without any customization. The developers have made them so that you can experience the visual treat right after installation without any additional effort on customization. - -Hence, we compiled a list of the most beautiful Linux distributions you can try right now and give your PC a visual makeover. - -### Most Beautiful Linux Distributions of 2022 - -#### 1\. Zorin OS - -The first Linux Distribution which we would like to feature is Zorin OS. The Zorin OS is a beautiful Linux distribution that uses Zorin Desktop based on GNOME. It is perfect for newcomers who wants a nice desktop but are also productive at the same time. - -One of the unique features that Zorin OS brings is its ability to transform its look to make it like any other operating system. That means the taskbar, application menu, and the Dock can change with just one click option from its Layout settings, and this gives you the utmost flexibility and out of the box experience while using ZorinOS. - -[Read more about Zorin OS][2] - -![Zorin OS 16 Desktop][3] - -#### 2\. Elementary OS - -The elementaryOS is one of the most beautiful Linux distributions today based on Ubuntu Long Term Support (LTS) release. This Linux Distribution uses the stunning Pantheon Desktop environment whose look and feel is inspired by macOS. - -The elementary OS is perfect for those coming from macOS to the Linux world as they would find many things familiar, such as gestures and window decorations. - -However, you may not find many customization options available in elementary OS settings. You may need to depend on external script commands to make further customization. However, the default looks are beautiful and serve their purpose for the majority of the users. - -The most significant advantage of elementary OS is its curated app store. The App Store provides you with all categories of applications specially designed for the elementary OS, which looks and works great. - -[Read more about elementaryOS][4] - -![elementary OS 6 ODIN Desktop][5] - -#### 3\. Deepin OS - -The third distribution which we would like to highlight is Deepin OS. The Deepin OS is based on Debian and was created by Deepin Technology Co from China. It uses its own Deepin Desktop Environment based on Qt. The Deepin desktop looks incredible with its widgets, colour schemes, window decorations, wallpapers that give you an out of the box visual treat. - -With its well-polished visual components, you may think that it looks almost similar to macOS. And thanks to the Debian “stable” branch, Deepin OS is the perfect choice if you want an excellent looking Linux distribution with stability. - -Why is Deepin OS beautiful? - - * _Awesome Qt-based Deepin Desktop_ - * _Native widgets and dark theme support_ - * _Several options to customize the Dock_ - * _Transparency, Window effects, CursDockheme, Icon Theme support_ - * _Accent Color_ - - - -[Read more about Deepin OS][6] - -![Deepin 20 Desktop][7] - -#### 4\. Cutefish OS - -The fourth Linux Distribution which we feature here is [CutefishOS][8]. This Debian and Ubuntu-based Linux distribution feature a natively developed Cutefish desktop. This Linux Distribution is currently under development. But due to its looks, its already making waves across the user’s base. - -Under the hood, CutefishOS is built upon Qt and KDE Framework. This efficient Linux Distribution with Cutefish desktop features the global menu feature at the top bar out of the box. - -The customization options are still being worked on as its currently under development. But with the latest release, you get the native dark mode, accent colour, animation effects, dock position (left, right, bottom), among other options. - -If you want to experiment with a nice desktop that looks completely different, you may go ahead. Also, you may go over the complete review and tutorials of this desktop presented below. - -[Cutefish OS Review][9] - -![Cutefish OS][10] - -#### 5\. Manjaro KDE Plasma - -The Manjaro Linux KDE Edition is one of the best looking Linux distributions today. Based on Arch Linux, Manjaro KDE Edition features the stock KDE Plasma desktop environment with some additional tweaks and widgets. The green colour palette of Manjaro gives you a fresh look and feel. You can customize further with built-in KDE tools and settings and change icons and themes from KDE Stores. - -The Manjar KDE Edition is a perfect combination of performance and beauty with the power of Arch Linux. And it is an ideal starting point for the new Arch Linux users. - -[Read more about Manjaro KDE Desktop][11] - -![Manjaro KDE Plasma][12] - -#### 6\. Garuda Linux - -The famous Garduda Linux is the 6th OS on this list. Garuda Linux is based on Arch Linux and brings a beautiful desktop for you. It features all major desktop environments with custom-designed icon themes and colour palettes. This operating system uses Zen Kernel, optimized for performance in your hardware. - -[][13] - -SEE ALSO:   10 Things to Do After Installing Fedora 33 - -The look and feel are stunning in Garuda Linux. The macOS style looks that you get out of the box. The combination of neon icon theme, lovely colour palette, blur and Transparency with the global menu is perfect for its own. - -One of the primary advantages of Garuda is it provides you with the choice of all desktop environments – KDE Plasma, GNOME, Xfce, LXQt, MATE and others. - -[Read more about Garuda Linux][14] - -![Garuda Linux][15] - -#### 7\. Linux Mint Cinnamon Edition - -We all love Linux Mint because of its simplicity, elegance and stability. It is one of the widely used and famous Linux distributions today. And perhaps the most used Linux distribution after Ubuntu. However, it is not that fancy looking if you compare this with other Linux Distributions here in this list. - -But the default Cinnamon desktop looks clean and perfect if you like the legacy user interface, which looks fantastic. - -The Linux Mint Cinnamon edition is perfect for all users, especially new users of Linux or even you are migrating from Windows. The default looks and feels with Mint’s green colour pallette look refreshing. - -If you are unable to decide an eye candy Linux distribution with stability, choose the Linux Mint Cinnamon edition without a doubt. - -[Read more about Linux Mint][16] - -![Linux Mint 20 – Cinnamon Edition Desktop][17] - -#### 8\. Nitrux OS - -[Nitrux Linux][18] is based on Debian, which features a modified version of KDE Plasma desktop called NX Desktop. This unique Linux distribution brings its own set of Nitrux applications built upon Maui kit and Qt. Nitrux is systemd-free and uses OpenRC as an init system. With all these unique features and stunning looks, it is one of the best Linux distributions today. - -Nitrux OS default look is perfectly designed with modified KDE Plasma desktop with Kvantum theme engine, icon theme, colour palette and cursor theme. The team behind Nitrux OS also brings a separate desktop called Maui Shell, a beautiful convergent desktop that adapts itself based on screen size. - -If you need a KDE Plasma desktop with out of the box modification with stability, then go for Nitrux OS. You won’t be disappointed. - -[Read more about Nitrux OS][18] - -![Nitrux 2.0 + Desktop][19] - -#### 9\. Ubuntu Kylin - -The Ubuntu Kylin is an official Ubuntu flavour designed explicitly for the Chinese people who use a simplified Chinese script. However, it supports another language as well. - -This modified Ubuntu flavour uses Ubuntu Kaylin User Interface (aka UKUI). The UKUI desktop is created using Qt to support MATE Desktop components. - -Ubuntu Kylin looks elegant, and it would remind you of a combination of GNOME and KDE Plasma in terms of looks and design. - -It features a nicely designed icon set, bottom taskbar, nice application view, app switcher, rounded corner, and more These features are carefully crafted. - -[Read more about Ubuntu Kylin][20] - -![Ubuntu Kylin Desktop][21] - -#### 10\. Pop OS - -The Pop OS is developed by System76, which manufactures computer hardware. This Ubuntu-based Linux Distribution comes pre-installed in all the System6 hardware. However, you can separately download and install it from its official repository in your system. - -The Pop OS features the default GNOME desktop with additional tweaks and configurations. This desktop features the pre-GNOME 40 era desktop with several extensions and tweaks pre-configured. For example, you get a bottom dock that can be configured to move around in the desktop, a launcher to launch applications, rounded corners and many such features. This desktop also features auto tiling and optimized keyboard navigation to make you more productive. - -The look and feel are clean and beautifully designed with a colour palette, built-in dark mode, rounded corners in the application window, and icon theme. - -[Read more about Pop OS][22] - -![Pop OS 21.10 Desktop][23] - -### Closing Notes - -I hope this list of beautiful Linux distributions of 2022 helps you decide which one you want for your desktop or laptop. Because these are already configured to look beautiful, they are powerful. - -Take your pick and start your Linux journey. - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][24], [Twitter][25], [YouTube][26], and [Facebook][27] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/beautiful-linux-distributions-2022/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/category/distributions -[2]: https://zorin.com -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Zorin-OS-16-Desktop-1024x576.jpg -[4]: https://elementary.io/ -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/elementary-OS-6-ODIN-Desktop-1024x576.jpg -[6]: https://www.deepin.org/en/ -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Deepin-20-Desktop-1024x568.jpg -[8]: https://en.cutefishos.com/ -[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/cutefish-os-review-2021/ -[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Cutefish-OS-1024x581.jpg -[11]: https://manjaro.org/downloads/official/kde/ -[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Manjaro-KDE-Plasma-1024x576.jpg -[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/10/10-things-to-do-fedora-33-after-install/ -[14]: https://garudalinux.org/ -[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Garuda-Linux-1024x577.jpg -[16]: https://linuxmint.com/ -[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Linux-Mint-20-Cinnamon-Edition-Desktop-1024x763.png -[18]: https://nxos.org/ -[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Nitrux-2.0-Desktop-1024x581.jpg -[20]: https://www.ubuntukylin.com -[21]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Ubuntu-Kylin-Desktop-1024x574.jpg -[22]: https://pop.system76.com/ -[23]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Pop-OS-21.10-Desktop-1024x579.jpg -[24]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[25]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[26]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[27]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/translated/tech/20220317 Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions -Featured.md b/translated/tech/20220317 Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions -Featured.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a78ca9a54a --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220317 Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions -Featured.md @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +[#]: subject: "Top 10 Most Beautiful Linux Distributions [Featured]" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/beautiful-linux-distributions-2022/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "amagicboy" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +精选10个最美的 Linux 发行版 +====== + +我们选出 2022 年 10 个最美的Linux发行版，保证系统稳定的前提下，会给您良好的视觉体验。 + +定制化拓展 Linux 发行版以满足需求是非常有意思的事。无论是 Ubuntu 还是 Fedora ，都有各种各样的工具去定制化 Linux 桌面。 + +但是，有很多不需要任何定制化而且令人眼前一亮的 Linux 发行版。它们的开发者使它们在安装后不需要再定制化就能有一个非常好的视觉效果。 + +现在，我们编制了一份最美 Linux 发行版列表，您可以现在尝试来更新您电脑的视觉外观。 + +### 2022 最美的 Linux 发行版 + +#### 1\. Zorin OS + +最先介绍的 Linux 发行版是 Zorin OS. Zorin OS 使用基于 GNOME 的 Zorin Desktop ，非常适合追求美观的桌面和生产力的新用户。 + +Zorin OS 最有特点的功能之一是它可以随意转化为其他操作系统桌面，这意味着只需要设置布局选项，就可以改变任务栏、应用菜单、 Dock 栏，给用户最大的的灵活性，安装即用。 + +[阅读有关 Zorin OS 更多信息][2] + +![Zorin OS 16 桌面][3] + +#### 2\. Elementary OS + +Elementary OS 是基于 Ubuntu 长期稳定支持(LTS) 发行版中最美观的一个。它使用吸引人的 Pantheon 桌面环境，其外观和使用体验受到了 macOS 的启发。 + +Elementary OS 非常适合从 maxOS 进入 Linux 世界的新用户，因为他们会发现许多熟悉的东西，比如手势和窗口样式。 + +但是，Elementary OS 不能通过设置菜单定制化大部分功能，只能依靠拓展脚本命令拓展功能。但是，系统默认桌面十分美观，能满足大部分人的需求。 + +Elementary OS 最具特色是它精心设计的应用商店。应用商店提供所有类别的应用，特别是那些专为 Elementary OS 定制而且外观精美、功能强大的应用。 + +[阅读有关 elementaryOS 更多信息][4] + +![elementary OS 6 ODIN 桌面][5] + +#### 3\. Deepin OS + +第三个介绍的 Linux 发行版是 Deepin OS . Deepin OS 基于 Debian ，由中国 Deepin 科技公司开发。它使用基于 QT 的自研桌面环境。 Deepin 桌面部件、配色方案、窗口样式、壁纸看起来都非常不错，给用户安装即享的视觉体验。 + +Deepin OS 一流的视觉组件和 macOS 非常相似。并且由于 Deepin 的稳定分支，如果您想要一个外观精美且稳定的 Linux 发行版，Deepin 是最适合的选择。 + +为什么 Deepin OS 体验很好？ + * _基于 QT 的酷炫桌面_ + * _原生部件及支持暗色主题_ + * _多项选择定制化 Dock 栏_ + * _透明性、窗口效果、 CursDockheme ， 图标主题_ + * _强调色_ + +[阅读有关 Deepin OS 更多信息][6] + +![ Deepin 20 桌面][7] + +#### 4\. Cutefish OS + +第四个介绍的 Linux 发行版是 [CutefishOS][8] .这种基于 Debian 和 Ubuntu 的 Linux 发行版特点是本地开发的 Cutefish 桌面。 Cutefish OS 还在发展中，但由于它的外观， Cutefish OS 已经在用户群体中掀起波澜。 + +Cutefish OS 底层基于 QT 和 KDE 框架构建。这种带有 Cutefish 桌面的 Linux 发行版顶部有丰富的全局菜单。 + +在 Cutefish OS 发展过程中也支持定制化。但在最新的发行版中， Cutefish OS 支持深色模式，强调色、动画效果、任务栏位置（左、右、下）等其他选项。 + + +如果您想体验完全不同的桌面风格，可以尝试 Cutefish OS . 您也可以查看下面提供的关于此桌面的完整评论和教程。 + +[Cutefish OS 评论][9] + +![Cutefish OS][10] + +#### 5\. Manjaro KED Plasma + +Manjaro KDE 是现在外观最好看的 Linux 发行版之一。 Manjaro KDE 基于 Arch Linux ，以 KDE Plasma 为特色，添加了一些额外调整工具和窗口。 Manjaro 的绿色调色板给您全新的外观和体验。 您可以通过 KDE 构建工具定制化功能，在 KDE Stores 中也可以设置和改变图标主题。 + +Manjaro KDE 是 Arch Linux 性能和外观最完美的结合体。对于 Arch Linux 新用户来说， Manjaro 是一个理想的开始。 + +[阅读有关 Manjaro KED 更多信息][11] + +![Manjaro KDE Plasma][12] + +#### 6\. Garuda Linux + +出名的 Garuda Linux 是榜单上的第六位。 Garuda Linux 基于 Arch Linux ，带有美观的桌面，特点是支持所有主流桌面的定制化图标、主题。 Garuda Linux 使用 Zen 内核，优化了硬件性能。 + +[][13] + +补充： 安装 Fedora 33 后要做的 10 件事 + +Garuda Linux 的外观和体验令人印象深刻。 macOS 风格看起来非常的方便。 Neon 图标主题、亲切的调色板、全局菜单的模糊和透明性的结合是其自身的完美选择。 + +Garuda 最主要的优点是支持所有桌面环境 — KDE Plasma , GNOME , Xfce , LXQT , MATE , 等等。 + +[阅读有关 Garuda Linux 更多信息][14] + +![Garuda Linux][15] + +#### 7\. Linux Mint Cinnamon Edition + +我们推荐 Linux Mint 是因为它非常的简洁，优美和稳定。它是目前最被广泛使用和出名的 Linux 发行版之一，或许仅在 Ubuntu 使用人数之下。但和本列表中其他 Linux 发行版比较起来，它看起来不是很精致。 + +但是如果您喜欢看起来很棒的经典用户桌面，默认的 Cinnamon 桌面看起来干净且完美。 + +Linux Mint 发行版对所有用户都非常友好，特别是第一次使用 Linux 或者从 Windows 转到 Linux 的用户。默认的 Mint 绿色调色板外观和体验都能使人耳目一新。 + +如果您无法确定一个稳定的令人眼花缭乱的 Linux 发行版，那就毫不犹豫的选择 Linux Mint 吧。 + +[阅读有关 Linux Mint 更多信息][16] + +![Linux Mint 20 — Cinnamon 版本桌面][17] + +#### 8\. Nitrux OS + +[Nitrux Linux][18] 基于 Debian ，其特点是名为 NX 桌面的 KDE Plasma 修改版。独特的 Linux 发行版有一套使用 Maui 套件和 QT 编译的 Nitrux 应用。 Nitrux 是开源的 Linux 发行版，使用 OpenRC 作为初始化系统。独特的功能和外观， Nitrux 是目前最好的 Linux 发行版之一。 + +Nitrux OS 默认外观与经过改进的 KDE Plasma 桌面完美结合，带有 Kvantum 主题引擎、图标主题、配色表、鼠标主题功能。 Nitrux OS 背后团队还开发了名为 Maui Shell 的独立聚合桌面，可以根据屏幕大小进行自我调整。 + +如果您需要一款稳定方便的 KDE Plasma 桌面，那么 Nitrux OS 非常适合您。您不会失望的。 + +[阅读有关 Nitrux OS 更多信息][18] + +![Nitrux 2.0 桌面][19] + +#### 9\. Ubuntu Kylin + +Ubuntu Kylin 是专门为使用简体中文脚本的中国人设计的官方版本。但它同时也支持其他语言。 + +定制化的 Ubuntu 版本使用 Ubuntu Kaylin 用户桌面( aka UKUI )。 UKUI 桌面使用 Qt 开发，支持 MATE 桌面组件。 + +Ubuntu Kylin 看起来精致，就像是 GNOME 和 KDE Plasma 在外观和设计上的结合。 + +Ubuntu Kylin 特点是其精美设计的图标系统，底部的任务栏，漂亮的应用视图，应用切换器，圆的窗口对角和更多精心制作的功能。 + +[阅读有关 Ubuntu Kylin 更多信息][20] + +![Ubuntu Kylin 桌面][21] + +#### 10\. Pop OS + +Pop OS 是从管理计算机硬件的 System76 发展而来。 此 Linux 发行版在所有 System6 硬件上都预安装。但是，您可以从官方仓库下载然后安装。 + +Pop OS 特点是默认的带有额外调整和配置的 GNOME 桌面。此桌面具有 GNOME 40 时代之前的特点，预配置了多个拓展和调整。比如您可以获得可以配置自由调整的底部任务栏、一个用于启动应用程序的启动器、窗口圆角等许多此类功能。此桌面还有自动平铺和优化的键盘导航功能，可提高您的工作效率。 + +Pop OS 的颜色搭配、深色模式、应用窗口的圆角、图标主题，使它的外观和体验都非常的舒服和赏心悦目。 + +[阅读有关 Pop OS 更多信息][22] + +![Pop OS 21.10 桌面][23] + +### 结语 + +希望这份 2022 最美 Linux 发行版榜单能帮你选择您想要的桌面或者系统。 因为这些 Linux 发行版已经配置成看起来很漂亮，而且他们性能很强大。 + +选择并开始您的 Linux 之旅吧。 + +* * * + +我们介绍最新的技术、软件新闻和重要资讯。通过 [Telegram][24] , [Twitter][25] , [YouTube][26] , [Facebook][27] 保持联系，不要错过任何更新！ + +##### 另请阅读 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/beautiful-linux-distributions-2022/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[amagicboy](https://github.com/amagicboy) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/category/distributions +[2]: https://zorin.com +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Zorin-OS-16-Desktop-1024x576.jpg +[4]: https://elementary.io/ +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/elementary-OS-6-ODIN-Desktop-1024x576.jpg +[6]: https://www.deepin.org/en/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Deepin-20-Desktop-1024x568.jpg +[8]: https://en.cutefishos.com/ +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/cutefish-os-review-2021/ +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Cutefish-OS-1024x581.jpg +[11]: https://manjaro.org/downloads/official/kde/ +[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Manjaro-KDE-Plasma-1024x576.jpg +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/10/10-things-to-do-fedora-33-after-install/ +[14]: https://garudalinux.org/ +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Garuda-Linux-1024x577.jpg +[16]: https://linuxmint.com/ +[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Linux-Mint-20-Cinnamon-Edition-Desktop-1024x763.png +[18]: https://nxos.org/ +[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Nitrux-2.0-Desktop-1024x581.jpg +[20]: https://www.ubuntukylin.com +[21]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Ubuntu-Kylin-Desktop-1024x574.jpg +[22]: https://pop.system76.com/ +[23]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Pop-OS-21.10-Desktop-1024x579.jpg +[24]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[25]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[26]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[27]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From faea0ac4201cd28d4a975f0b6a0800aaa1903706 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8C=97=E6=A2=A6=E5=8D=97=E6=AD=8C?= Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2022 23:11:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 07/94] translating --- ...ge your passwords in the Linux terminal.md | 53 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md b/sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md index 60413c66b7..97a80412e9 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md @@ -7,59 +7,58 @@ [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " -Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal +在 Linux 终端里管理你的密码 ====== -Pass is a classic UNIX-style password management system that uses GnuPG -(GPG) for encryption, and the terminal as its primary interface. +Pass 是一个经典的类 UNIX 密码管理系统，使用 GnuPG (GPG) 作为加密方式，并且终端作为它的主要界面。 + ![Linux keys on the keyboard for a desktop computer][1] -These days, we all have a few dozen passwords. Fortunately, the bulk of those passwords are probably for websites, and you probably access most websites through your internet browser, and most browsers have a built-in password manager. The most common internet browsers also have a synchronization feature to help you distribute your passwords between the browsers you run across all your devices, so you're never without your login information when you need it. If that's not enough for you, there are excellent open source projects like [BitWarden][2] that can host your encrypted passwords, ensuring that only you have the key to unlock them. These solutions help make maintaining unique passwords easy, and I use these convenient systems for a selection of passwords. But my main vault of password storage is a lot simpler than any of these methods. I primarily use [pass][3], a classic UNIX-style password management system that uses GnuPG (GPG) for encryption, and the terminal as its primary interface. +这些日子里，我们有了几十个密码。幸运的是，这些密码大部分几乎都是用于网站的，而且你通过互联网浏览器访问了许多网站，许多浏览器都有内置的密码管理器。最普遍的互联网浏览器也有一个同步的功能帮助你所有设备上运行的浏览器之间分发共享密码，所以当你需要它的时候，绝不会找不到你的登录信息。如过这不能够满足你，还有类似 [BitWarden][2] 这样优秀的开源项目可以托管你的加密的密码，确保只有你自己才能解锁它们。这些方案帮助你轻松的维护唯一的密码，同时用这些方便的系统来选择密码。但是我的主密码存储库比以上这些方式简单的多。我主要是使用 [pass][3] ，一个经典的类 UNIX 密码管理系统，使用 GnuPG (GPG) 作为加密方式，并且终端作为它的主要界面。 -### Install pass +### 安装 pass -You can install the `pass` command from your distribution repository. +你可以从你的发行版仓库中安装 `pass` 命令。 -On Fedora, Mageia, and similar distributions, you can install it with your package manager: +在 Fedora，Mageia和类似的发行版上，你可以用你的包管理器来安装它： ``` `$ sudo dnf install pass` ``` -On Elementary, Mint, and other Debian-based distributions: +在 Elementary ，Mint 和其它基于 Debian 的发行版上: ``` `$ sudo apt install pass` ``` -On macOS, you can install it using [Homebrew][4]: +在 macOS ,你可以使用 [Homebrew][4] 来安装它： ``` `$ brew install pass` ``` -### Configuring GnuPG - -Before you can use `pass`, you need a valid PGP ("Pretty Good Privacy") key. If you already maintain a PGP key, you can skip this step, or you can choose to create a new key exclusively for use with `pass`. The most common open source PGP implementation is GnuPG (GPG), which ships with Linux, and you can install it on macOS from [gpgtools.org][5], Homebrew, or [Macports][6]. To create a GnuPG key, run this command: +### 设置 GnuPG +在使用 `pass` 之前，你需要一个有效的 PGP ("Pretty Good Privacy") 密钥。如果你已经维护了一个 PGP 密钥，你可以跳过这个步骤，或者你可以选择为使用 `pass` 而创建一个新的密钥。最喜闻乐见的开源 PGP 协议是 Linux 附带的 GnuPG (GPG) ，你可以在 macOS 上从 [gpgtools.org][5] ，Homebrew 或者 [Macports][6] 来安装它。要创建 GnuPG 密码，运行这个命令： ``` `$ gpg --generate-key` ``` -You're prompted for your name and email address and create a password for the key. Your key is a digital file, and your password is known only to you. Combined, these two things can lock and unlock encrypted information, such as a file containing a password. +提示你输入你的名字和电子邮件并且为密钥创建密码。你的密钥是一个数字文件，你的密码只有你自己知道。它俩组合起来能够加密和解锁加密的信息，比如包含密码的文件。 -A GPG key is much like a house key or a car key. Should you lose it, anything locked by it becomes unobtainable. Just knowing your password is not enough. +GPG 密钥更像是一个房门钥匙或者车钥匙，如果你是去它，它加密的任何东西将不能在获得。光知道你的密码是不够的。 -If you already manage several SSH keys, you're probably used to this. If you're new to digital encryption keys, it can take some getting used to. Backup your `~/.gnupg` directory, so you don't accidentally erase it the next time you decide to try an exciting new distro on a whim. +如果你已经管理了几个 SSH 密钥，你可能就知道怎么回事了。如果你对数字加密密钥是个新手，可能得花些时间来使用。备份你的 `~/.gnupg` 目录，你不能随意删除它，除非下次你一时兴起决定尝试一个新的发行版。 -Make a backup and keep the backup safe. +做一个备份保持备份安全。 -### Configuring pass +### 设置 pass -To start using `pass`, you must initialize a _password store_, which is defined as a storage location configured to use a specific encryption key. You can indicate what GPG key you want to use for your password store by either the name associated with the key or the digital fingerprint. Your own name is usually the easier option: +要开始使用 `pass` ， 你必须初始化一个 _密码仓库_ ，定义为一个已设置的使用指定加密密钥的储存位置。您可以通过与密钥相关联的名称或数字指纹来指示要用于密码存储的GPG密钥。你自己的名字通常更容易选择： ``` @@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ Password store initialized for seth ``` -If you've managed to forget your name, you can see the digital fingerprint and name associated with your key with the `gpg` command: +如果你忘记了你的名称，你可以使用 `gpg` 命令查看数字指纹和关联你名称的密钥： ``` @@ -88,16 +87,16 @@ sub  cv25519 2022-01-06 [E] [expires: 2024-01-06] ``` -Initializing a password store with the fingerprint is basically the same as with your name: +用数字指纹初始化一个和你的名称基本相同的密码仓库： ``` `$ pass init 2BFF94286461216C907CBA52F067996F13EF10D8` ``` -### Store a password +### 存储密码 -Add a password to your password store with the `pass add` command: +使用 `pass add` 命令添加密码到你的密码仓库： ``` @@ -108,10 +107,9 @@ Enter password for [www.example.com][8]: ``` -Enter the password you want to add when prompted. - -The password now gets stored in your password store. You can take a look for yourself: +提示你键入你要添加的密码。 +密码现在存储到了你的密码仓库中。你可以自己查看一下： ``` @@ -121,9 +119,10 @@ $ ls /root/.password-store/ ``` -Of course, the file is unreadable, and if you attempt to run `cat` or `less` on it, you'll get unprintable characters in your terminal (use `reset` to fix your terminal if its display gets too untidy.) +当然，这个文件是不可读的，并且你尝试对它运行 `cat` 或 `less` 时，在你的终端上会显示乱码(如果显示太过杂乱，可以使用 `reset` 命令来恢复你的终端。) -### Edit a password with pass + +### 用 pass 编辑密码 I use different user names for different activities online, so the username for a site is often just as important as the password. The `pass` system allows for this, even though it doesn't prompt you for it by default. You can add a user name to a password file using the `pass edit` command: From 2db3bed583f01802d812a1480d01404821cf0cfb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2022 08:21:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 08/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=E5=BA=95=E9=83=A8=20vi?= =?UTF-8?q?a?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md b/sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md index a8693bafac..7e4b84f94d 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md +++ b/sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ The article was [originally published][20] on Medium and is republished here wit -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/ +via: https://opensource.com/article/18/11/gitbase 作者：[Francesc Campoy][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] From c99e4d68e49e8e4dc020a223097f65752dcc4948 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2022 08:45:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 09/94] R --- ...inal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/published/20220405 Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year.md b/published/20220405 Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year.md index 131cd968c8..7df9a215df 100644 --- a/published/20220405 Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year.md +++ b/published/20220405 Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year.md @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Xfce Terminal 1.0.0：时隔一年后的一次功能丰富的重大升级 ### 新的维护者和版本管理方案 -Igor Zakharov 从 2016 年到 2020 年一直在领导它的开发工作。不幸的是，在 2021 年，当新的维护者 [Sergios][1] Anestis Kefalidis（也是 Thunar 文件管理器的开发者）接手后，它就没有被维护了。 +Igor Zakharov 从 2016 年到 2020 年一直在领导它的开发工作。不幸的是，在 2021 年它就没有被维护过，直到新的维护者 [Sergios][1] Anestis Kefalidis（也是 Thunar 文件管理器的开发者）接手。 而且，自从 Sergios 接管了这个项目后，版本管理方案也发生了变化。经过与社区的协商，采用了 Thunar 的旧版本计划。 From 7aa23a702082984ca55b0ce62c26955026f2f088 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2022 09:55:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 10/94] translated --- ... LTS - New Features and Release Details.md | 97 ------------------- ... LTS - New Features and Release Details.md | 92 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 92 insertions(+), 97 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/tech/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md deleted file mode 100644 index 85d3bd496b..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,97 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Xubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/xubuntu-22-04-lts/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Xubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details -====== -A LIST OF NEW FEATURES IN XUBUNTU 22.04 LTS (JAMMY JELLYFISH) AND -ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE RELEASE. -![Xubuntu 22.04 Desktop][1] - -### Xubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features - -Xubuntu 22.04 LTS is powered by Linux Kernel 5.15 and underlying packages from Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. In addition to that, the default desktop environment version is Xfce 4.16. The Xfce desktop environment did not see any significant release since its release in Dec 2020. - -Even so the Xfce desktop version 4.16 remained as the Xubuntu 21.10 (last release), and the desktop components and native applications get some improvements and bug fixes. - -Perhaps the vital work in this release is the initial support for GTK4 and libhandy in the Greybird theme (via version 3.23.1). That means the GTK4 apps from the GNOME ecosystem look good in Xubuntu with their theme. - -### Application Updates - -The default file manager Thunar 4.16.10 adds several performance improvements, including regression fixes, translation updates and under the hood changes. Although while scanning the changelog, I could not find anything substantial to report which is visible to the user. But if you are interested, you can read the NEWS file in detail [here][2]. - -In fact, Thunar is now under development with Xfce 4.17, which contains some exciting changes. But unfortunately, we all need to wait for that in the short term release because it’s too early to feature those in a long term version. - -Apart from that, Xfce Terminal remains in 0.8.10 in this release. Similar to Thunar, Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 major updates won’t be available in this LTS release. - -[][3] - -SEE ALSO:   Pop OS 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Updates - -Besides these two, other desktop components remain with their last stable version with Xfce Panel 4.16.3, Xfce window manager 4.16.1 and Xfce Desktop 4.16. It is worth mentioning that Xfce is still working on the GTK4 transition, and not much clarity is available on the schedule. - -Furthermore, the native applications see their version bumped to the latest stable iteration. But one significant change is Firefox executable is now a Snap version in Xubuntu 22.04 following Ubuntu. So, ideally, users would not feel any difference but may face some issues with extensions and other utilities due to its sandbox nature. - -In addition to that, Xubuntu 22.04 expects a few nice wallpapers from the community contest, including a default one. The results are pending. However, you can find out some exciting submissions on [this page][4]. - -### Summary and Download - -To sum up, major core frameworks, apps and their versions are down below. - - * GNOME 42 - * GTK 3.24.32 - * MATE 1.26 - * Xfce 4.16 - * Firefox 99 - * Thunderbird 91.8 - * Atril Document Viewer 1.26 - * Engrampa Archive Manager 1.26 - * Ristretto Image Viewer 0.12.2 - * LibreOffice 7.3.x - * Catfish 4.16.3 - * Mousepad 0.5.8 - - - -Finally, to download the BETA version of Xubuntu 22.04, refer to the link below to the ISO file. You can try to install on a virtual machine or try it in a physical system. - - * [xubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][5] - * [Other download options include torrents, checksums][6] - - - -_Via [official changelog][7]_ - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][8], [Twitter][9], [YouTube][10], and [Facebook][11] and never miss an update! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/xubuntu-22-04-lts/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Xubuntu-22.04-Desktop-1024x575.jpg -[2]: https://archive.xfce.org/src/xfce/thunar/4.16/ -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/pop-os-22-04-lts/ -[4]: https://contest.xubuntu.org/wallpaper_contest/xubuntu-22-04-community-wallpaper-contest/?action=view -[5]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/22.04/beta/xubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso -[6]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/22.04/beta/ -[7]: https://wiki.xubuntu.org/releases/22.04/release-notes -[8]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[9]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[10]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[11]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/translated/tech/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md b/translated/tech/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b90cb8df2 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +[#]: subject: "Xubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/xubuntu-22-04-lts/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - 新功能和发布细节 +====== +Xubuntu 22.04 LTS（Jammy jellyfish）的新功能列表以及关于该版本的其他信息。 +![Xubuntu 22.04 Desktop][1] + +### Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - 新功能 + +Xubuntu 22.04 LTS 由 Linux Kernel 5.15 和 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 的基础软件包提供支持。除此以外，默认的桌面环境版本是 Xfce 4.16。Xfce 桌面环境自 2020 年 12 月发布以来，没有看到任何重要的版本。 + +即便如此，Xfce 桌面 4.16 版本仍然是 Xubuntu 21.10（最后一个版本），桌面组件和本地应用得到了一些改进和错误修复。 + +也许这个版本的重要工作是在 Greybird 主题中对 GTK4 和 libhandy 的初步支持（通过 3.23.1 版本）。这意味着来自 GNOME 生态系统的 GTK4 应用在 Xubuntu 的主题下看起来不错。 + +### 应用更新 + +默认的文件管理器 Thunar 4.16.10 增加了一些性能改进，包括回归修复、翻译更新和一些变化。虽然在扫描更新日志的时候，我找不到任何对用户可见的实质性报告。但如果你有兴趣，你可以[在这][2]详细阅读新闻。 + + +事实上，Thunar 现在正在开发 Xfce 4.17，它包含了一些令人兴奋的变化。但不幸的是，我们都需要在短期版本中等待，因为要在长期版本中实现这些功能还为时过早。 + +除此之外，Xfce Terminal 在这个版本中仍然是 0.8.10。与 Thunar 类似，Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 的主要更新也不会在这个 LTS 版本中出现。 + +除了这两个，其他的桌面组件仍然是最后的稳定版本，包括 Xfce Panel 4.16.3、Xfce window manager 4.16.1 和 Xfce Desktop 4.16。值得一提的是，Xfce 仍在进行 GTK4 的过渡工作，目前还没有太明确的时间表。 + +此外，原生应用看到它们的版本被提升到最新的稳定迭代版本。但一个重大变化是 Firefox 可执行文件现在是继 Ubuntu 之后的 Xubuntu 22.04 中的 Snap 版本。因此，在理想情况下，用户不会感觉到任何差异，但由于其沙盒性质，可能会在扩展程序和其他工具方面面临一些问题。 + +除此之外，Xubuntu 22.04 还期望从社区竞赛中获得一些漂亮的壁纸，包括一个默认壁纸。结果还没有出来。然而，你可以在[本页面][4]上找到一些令人兴奋的投稿。 + +### 总结和下载 + +总结一下，主要的核心框架、应用和它们的版本都在下面。 + + * GNOME 42 + * GTK 3.24.32 + * MATE 1.26 + * Xfce 4.16 + * Firefox 99 + * Thunderbird 91.8 + * Atril Document Viewer 1.26 + * Engrampa Archive Manager 1.26 + * Ristretto Image Viewer 0.12.2 + * LibreOffice 7.3.x + * Catfish 4.16.3 + * Mousepad 0.5.8 + + + +最后，要下载 Xubuntu 22.04 的 BETA 版本，请参考下面的 ISO 文件的链接。你可以尝试在虚拟机上安装或在物理系统中尝试。 + + * [xubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][5] + * [其他下载选项包括torrent, checksum][6] + + + +_通过 [官方更新日志][7]_ + +* * * + +我们带来最新的技术、软件新闻和重要的东西。通过 [Telegram][8]、[Twitter][9]、[YouTube][10] 和 [Facebook][11] 保持联系，永远不要错过任何更新！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/xubuntu-22-04-lts/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Xubuntu-22.04-Desktop-1024x575.jpg +[2]: https://archive.xfce.org/src/xfce/thunar/4.16/ +[4]: https://contest.xubuntu.org/wallpaper_contest/xubuntu-22-04-community-wallpaper-contest/?action=view +[5]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/22.04/beta/xubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso +[6]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/22.04/beta/ +[7]: https://wiki.xubuntu.org/releases/22.04/release-notes +[8]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[9]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[10]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[11]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From 1bc34484896029ba091f5b294e481b0538f112cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2022 10:00:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 11/94] RP @hwlife https://linux.cn/article-14461-1.html --- ...rver-s network connections with netstat.md | 174 +++++++++++++++ ...rver-s network connections with netstat.md | 203 ------------------ 2 files changed, 174 insertions(+), 203 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md diff --git a/published/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md b/published/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a9ee5422bc --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +[#]: subject: "View your Linux server's network connections with netstat" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/2/linux-network-security-netstat" +[#]: author: "Sahana Sreeram https://opensource.com/users/sahanasreeram01gmailcom" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "hwlife" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14461-1.html" + +使用 netstat 查看你的 Linux 服务器网络连接 +====== + +> netstat 命令为你的 Linux 服务器提供了监测和网络故障排除的重要观察手段。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/12/095932h99fuqzd7y9y4f48.jpg) + +在 [之前的文章中][2]，我分享了一些管理你的个人 Linux 服务器的首要步骤。我简要的提到了监测网络连接的监听端口，我想通过 Linux 系统的 `netstat` 命令来扩展开讲讲。 + +服务监测和端口扫描是标准的行业惯例。有很好的软件，如 [Prometheus][3] 协助这个过程自动化，[SELinux][4] 协助上下文和保护系统访问权限。然而，我相信了解你的服务器是如何连接到其他网络和设备的，是建立正常服务器基准的关键，能够帮助你识别有可能表明错误和入侵等异常情况。作为一个初学者，我已经掌握了 `netstat` 命令为我的服务器提供了监测和网络故障排除的重要观察手段。 + +Netstat 和类似的一些网络监测工具被归入 [net-tools 软件包][5] 里，用来显示关于活动连接的信息。因为运行在开放的端口的服务往往容易被利用，定期进行网络监测能够帮助你及早探测到可疑的活动。 + +### 安装 netstat + +`nestat` 经常预装在 Linux 发行版上。如果 `netstat` 没有在你的服务器上安装，用你的包管理器安装它。下面是在基于 Debian 的系统上： + +``` +$ sudo apt-get install net-tools +``` + +在基于 Fedora 的系统上： + +``` +$ dnf install net-tools +``` + +### 使用 netstat + +就其本身而言，`netstat` 命令显示了全部建立成功的连接。你可以使用 `netstat` 的参数指定进一步预期的输出。举个例子，要显示所有监听和非监听的连接，使用 `--all`（`-a` 为简写）的参数。这将返回许多结果，所以在例子中我用管道符输出给 `head` 命令来显示输出的前 15 行： + +``` +$ netstat --all | head -n 15 +Active Internet connections (servers and established) +Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State +tcp 0 0 *:27036 *:* LISTEN +tcp 0 0 localhost:27060 *:* LISTEN +tcp 0 0 *:16001 *:* LISTEN +tcp 0 0 localhost:6463 *:* LISTEN +tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN +tcp 0 0 localhost:57343 *:* LISTEN +tcp 0 0 *:ipp *:* LISTEN +tcp 0 0 *:4713 *:* LISTEN +tcp 0 0 10.0.1.222:48388 syd15s17-in-f5.1e:https ESTABLISHED +tcp 0 0 10.0.1.222:48194 ec2-35-86-38-2.us:https ESTABLISHED +tcp 0 0 10.0.1.222:56075 103-10-125-164.va:27024 ESTABLISHED +tcp 0 0 10.0.1.222:46680 syd15s20-in-f10.1:https ESTABLISHED +tcp 0 0 10.0.1.222:52730 syd09s23-in-f3.1e:https ESTABLISHED +``` + +要只显示 TCP 端口，使用 `--all` 和 `--tcp` 参数，或者简写成 `-at` ： + +``` +$ netstat -at | head -n 5 +Active Internet connections (servers and established) +Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State +tcp 0 0 *:27036 *:* LISTEN +tcp 0 0 localhost:27060 *:* LISTEN +tcp 0 0 *:16001 *:* LISTEN +``` + +要只显示 UDP 端口，使用 `--all` 和 `--udp` 参数，或者简写成 `-au` ： + +``` +$ netstat -au | head -n 5 +Active Internet connections (servers and established) +Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State +udp 0 0 *:27036 *:* +udp 0 0 10.0.1.222:44741 224.0.0.56:46164 ESTABLISHED +udp 0 0 *:bootpc +``` + +`netstat` 命令参数常常是简单易懂的。举个例子，要显示带有全部进程 ID（PID）和数字地址的监听 TCP 和 UDP 的端口： + +``` +$ sudo netstat --tcp --udp --listening --programs --numeric +Active Internet connections (only servers) +Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Addr State PID/Program name +tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd +tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2500/dnsmasq +tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1726/sshd +tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1721/cupsd +tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4023/sshd: tux@ +tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd +tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1726/sshd +tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1721/cupsd +tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 4023/sshd: tux@ +udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40514 0.0.0.0:* 1499/avahi-daemon: +udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 2500/dnsmasq +udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 2500/dnsmasq +udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 1/systemd +udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 1499/avahi-daemon: +udp6 0 0 :::111 :::* 1/systemd +udp6 0 0 :::44235 :::* 1499/avahi-daemon: +udp6 0 0 :::5353 :::* 1499/avahi-daemon: +``` + +这个常用组合简写版本是 `-tulpn` 。 + +要显示一个指定服务的信息，[使用 grep 命令过滤][6]： + +``` +$ sudo netstat -anlp | grep cups +tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1721/cupsd tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1721/cupsd +unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 27251 1/systemd /var/run/cups/cups.sock +unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 59530 1721/cupsd +unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 55196 1721/cupsd /var/run/cups/cups.sock +``` + +### 接下来的步骤 + +一旦你运行了 `netstat` 命令，你就可以采取措施来保护你的系统，确保只有你主动使用的服务在你的网络上被监听。 + + 1. 识别通常被利用的端口和服务。一般来说，关闭你实际不使用的端口。 + 2. 留意不常见的端口号，认识了解在你系统上使用的合法端口。 + 3. 密切注意 SELinux 错误。有时你需要做的只是更新上下文，以匹配你对系统做的合法更改，但是要阅读错误警告，以确保 SELinux 提醒你的不是可疑或者恶意的活动。 + +如果你发现一个端口正在运行一个可疑的服务，或者你只是简单的想要关闭你不再使用的端口，你可以遵从以下这些步骤，通过防火墙规则手动拒绝端口访问： + +如果你在使用 `firewall-cmd` ，运行这些命令： + +``` +$ sudo firewall-cmd –remove-port=/tcp +$ sudo firewall-cmd –runtime-to-permanent +``` + +如果你在使用 UFW，运行以下的命令： + +``` +$ sudo ufw deny +``` + +下一步，使用 `systemctl` 来停止这个服务： + +``` +$ systemctl stop +``` + +### 理解 netstat + +`netstat` 是一个快速收集你的服务器网络连接信息的有用工具。定期网络监测是了解你的系统的重要组成部分，对帮助你保持你的系统安全有着重要意义。将这一步纳入你的日常管理中，你可以使用类似 `netstat` 或者 `ss` ，以及 [Nmap 等开源端口扫描器或者 Wireshark 等嗅探器][7] ，它们都允许设定 [计划任务][8]。 + +随着服务器存储了大量的个人数据，确保个人服务器的安全日益重要。通过了解你的服务器怎样连接到互联网，你可以降低你的机器的风险，同时你仍可以在数字时代大量的连接中获得益处。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/linux-network-security-netstat + +作者：[Sahana Sreeram][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/sahanasreeram01gmailcom +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/rack_server_sysadmin_cloud_520.png?itok=fGmwhf8I (A rack of servers, blue background) +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/securing-linux-servers +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/11/introduction-monitoring-prometheus +[4]: https://opensource.com/business/13/11/selinux-policy-guide +[5]: http://sourceforge.net/projects/net-tools/ +[6]: https://opensource.com/article/21/3/grep-cheat-sheet +[7]: https://redhat.com/sysadmin/troubleshoot-dhcp-nmap-tcpdump-and-wireshark +[8]: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/redhat.com/sysadmin/nmap-scripting-engine diff --git a/translated/tech/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md b/translated/tech/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md deleted file mode 100644 index eed6c96d75..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,203 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "View your Linux server's network connections with netstat" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/2/linux-network-security-netstat" -[#]: author: "Sahana Sreeram https://opensource.com/users/sahanasreeram01gmailcom" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "hwlife" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -使用 netstat 查看你的 Linux 服务器网络连接 -====== -netstat 命令对你的 Linux 服务器提供了监测和网络故障排除这两个重要的观察手段。 - -![A rack of servers, blue background][1] - -在 [之前的文章中][2]，我分享了一些重要的首要步骤来管理你的个人 Linux 服务器。我简要的提到了使用监听端口来监测网络连接，并且我想通过 Linux 系统的 `netstat` 命令来扩展开讲讲。 - - -服务监测和端口扫描是标准的行业惯例。有类似 [Prometheus][3] 协助过程自动化，[SELinux][4] 协助上下文和保护系统访问权限。然而，我相信了解怎样使你的服务器连接到其他网络和设备是建立正常服务器基准的关键，能够帮助你认识到可能提示错误和入侵等异常情况。作为一个初学者，我已经掌握了 `netstat` 命令对我的服务器提供了监测和网络故障排除这两个重要的观察手段。 - - -在 [net-tools 软件包][5] 里，Netstat 和相似的一些网络监测工具被收集在一起，用来显示关于活动连接的信息。因为服务运行在开放的端口经常会被利用，定期日常网络监测能够帮助你及早探测到可以的活动。 - - -### 安装 netstat - -Nestat 在 Linux 发行版上经常是预装软件。如果 netstat 没有在你的服务器上安装，用你的包管理器安装它。下面是在基于 Debian 的系统上： - - -``` -`$ sudo apt-get install net-tools` -``` - -在基于 Fedora 的系统上： - - -``` -`$ dnf install net-tools` -``` - -### 使用 netstat - -就其本身而言， `netstat` 命令显示了全部建立成功的连接。你可以使用 `netstat` 的参数指定进一步预定的输出。举个例子，要显示所有监听和非监听的连接，使用 `--all` (`-a` 为简写)的参数。这将返回许多结果，所以在例子中我用管道符输出给 `head` 命令来显示输出的前15行消息： - -``` - - -$ netstat --all | head -n 15 -Active Internet connections (servers and established) -Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       -tcp        0      0 *:27036                 *:*                     LISTEN       -tcp        0      0 localhost:27060         *:*                     LISTEN       -tcp        0      0 *:16001                 *:*                     LISTEN       -tcp        0      0 localhost:6463          *:*                     LISTEN       -tcp        0      0 *:ssh                   *:*                     LISTEN       -tcp        0      0 localhost:57343         *:*                     LISTEN       -tcp        0      0 *:ipp                   *:*                     LISTEN       -tcp        0      0 *:4713                  *:*                     LISTEN       -tcp        0      0 10.0.1.222:48388        syd15s17-in-f5.1e:https ESTABLISHED -tcp        0      0 10.0.1.222:48194        ec2-35-86-38-2.us:https ESTABLISHED -tcp        0      0 10.0.1.222:56075        103-10-125-164.va:27024 ESTABLISHED -tcp        0      0 10.0.1.222:46680        syd15s20-in-f10.1:https ESTABLISHED -tcp        0      0 10.0.1.222:52730        syd09s23-in-f3.1e:https ESTABLISHED - -``` - -要只显示 TCP 端口，使用 `--all` 和 `--tcp` 参数，或者简写成 `-at` ： - -``` - - -$ netstat -at | head -n 5 -Active Internet connections (servers and established) -Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address   Foreign Address  State       -tcp        0      0 *:27036         *:*              LISTEN       -tcp        0      0 localhost:27060 *:*              LISTEN       -tcp        0      0 *:16001         *:*              LISTEN - -``` - -要只显示 UDP 端口，使用 `--all` 和 `--udp` 参数，或者简写成 `-au` ： - - -``` - - -$ netstat -au | head -n 5 -Active Internet connections (servers and established) -Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address     Foreign Address    State       -udp        0      0 *:27036           *:*                                 -udp        0      0 10.0.1.222:44741  224.0.0.56:46164   ESTABLISHED -udp        0      0 *:bootpc           - -``` - -netstat 命令参数常常是简单易懂的。举个例子，要显示带有全部进程 ID (PID) 和数字地址的监听 TCP 和 UDP 的端口： - - -``` - - -$ sudo netstat --tcp --udp --listening --programs --numeric -Active Internet connections (only servers) -Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address      Foreign Addr  State   PID/Program name     -tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111        0.0.0.0:*     LISTEN  1/systemd             -tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53   0.0.0.0:*     LISTEN  2500/dnsmasq         -tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22         0.0.0.0:*     LISTEN  1726/sshd             -tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631      0.0.0.0:*     LISTEN  1721/cupsd           -tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6010     0.0.0.0:*     LISTEN  4023/sshd: tux@   -tcp6       0      0 :::111             :::*          LISTEN  1/systemd             -tcp6       0      0 :::22              :::*          LISTEN  1726/sshd             -tcp6       0      0 ::1:631            :::*          LISTEN  1721/cupsd           -tcp6       0      0 ::1:6010           :::*          LISTEN  4023/sshd: tux@   -udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:40514      0.0.0.0:*             1499/avahi-daemon:   -udp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53   0.0.0.0:*             2500/dnsmasq         -udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67         0.0.0.0:*             2500/dnsmasq         -udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111        0.0.0.0:*             1/systemd             -udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5353       0.0.0.0:*             1499/avahi-daemon:   -udp6       0      0 :::111             :::*                  1/systemd             -udp6       0      0 :::44235           :::*                  1499/avahi-daemon:   -udp6       0      0 :::5353            :::*                  1499/avahi-daemon: - -``` - -这个常用组合简写版本是 `-tulpn` 。 - -要显示一个指定服务的信息，[使用 `grep` 命令过滤][6]： - - -``` - - -$ sudo netstat -anlp | grep cups -tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1721/cupsd           tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN      1721/cupsd -unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     27251    1/systemd /var/run/cups/cups.sock -unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    59530    1721/cupsd -unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     55196    1721/cupsd /var/run/cups/cups.sock - -``` - -### 下一步骤 - -一旦你运行了 `netstat` 命令，你可以在你的网络确认你活动的服务正在监听来确保你的系统安全，进而采取措施。 - - 1. 认识普遍被利用的端口和服务。一般来说，关闭你没有实际使用的端口。 - 2. 留意不常见的端口号，认识了解在你系统上使用的合法端口。 - 3. 密切注意 SELinux 错误。有时你需要更新全部上下文去匹配你对系统做的合法更改， 但是阅读错误警告能够确保 SELinux 没有提醒你可疑或者恶意的活动。 - - -如果你发现一个端口正在运行一个可以的服务，或者你只是简单的想要关闭你不再使用的端口，你可以遵从以下这些步骤通过防火墙规则手动拒绝端口访问： - - -如果你在使用 `firewall-cmd` ，运行这些命令： - - -``` - - -$ sudo firewall-cmd –remove-port=<port number>/tcp -$ sudo firewall-cmd –runtime-to-permanent - -``` - -如果你在使用 UFW，运行以下的命令： - - -``` -`$ sudo ufw deny ` -``` - -下一步，使用 `systemctl` 来停止这个服务： - -``` -`$ systemctl stop ` -``` - -### 理解 netstat - -Netstat 是一个快速收集你的服务器网络连接信息的有效工具。定期网络监测是了解你的系统的重要组成部分，也对帮助你保持你的系统安全有着重要意义。将这一步纳入你的日常管理中，你可以使用类似 netstat 或者 ss ，以及 [Nmap 开源端口扫描器 或者像 Wireshark 嗅探器][7] ，它们都允许设定 [计划任务][8]。 - -作为服务器存储了大量的个人数据，确保个人服务器的安全日益重要。通过理解你的服务器怎样连接到互联网，你可以降低你的机器的风险，同时你仍可以在数字时代大量的连接中获得益处。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/linux-network-security-netstat - -作者：[Sahana Sreeram][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/sahanasreeram01gmailcom -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/rack_server_sysadmin_cloud_520.png?itok=fGmwhf8I (A rack of servers, blue background) -[2]: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/securing-linux-servers -[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/11/introduction-monitoring-prometheus -[4]: https://opensource.com/business/13/11/selinux-policy-guide -[5]: http://sourceforge.net/projects/net-tools/ -[6]: https://opensource.com/article/21/3/grep-cheat-sheet -[7]: https://redhat.com/sysadmin/troubleshoot-dhcp-nmap-tcpdump-and-wireshark -[8]: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/redhat.com/sysadmin/nmap-scripting-engine From 5ca5aa5560e5e1413352ff2e76b31f35b890aa2c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2022 10:02:58 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 12/94] R --- ...ew your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/published/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md b/published/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md index a9ee5422bc..ab021f1e42 100644 --- a/published/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md +++ b/published/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md @@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ 服务监测和端口扫描是标准的行业惯例。有很好的软件，如 [Prometheus][3] 协助这个过程自动化，[SELinux][4] 协助上下文和保护系统访问权限。然而，我相信了解你的服务器是如何连接到其他网络和设备的，是建立正常服务器基准的关键，能够帮助你识别有可能表明错误和入侵等异常情况。作为一个初学者，我已经掌握了 `netstat` 命令为我的服务器提供了监测和网络故障排除的重要观察手段。 -Netstat 和类似的一些网络监测工具被归入 [net-tools 软件包][5] 里，用来显示关于活动连接的信息。因为运行在开放的端口的服务往往容易被利用，定期进行网络监测能够帮助你及早探测到可疑的活动。 +`netstat` 和类似的一些网络监测工具被归入 [net-tools 软件包][5] 里，用来显示关于活动连接的信息。因为运行在开放的端口的服务往往容易被利用，定期进行网络监测能够帮助你及早探测到可疑的活动。 ### 安装 netstat -`nestat` 经常预装在 Linux 发行版上。如果 `netstat` 没有在你的服务器上安装，用你的包管理器安装它。下面是在基于 Debian 的系统上： +`netstat` 经常预装在 Linux 发行版上。如果 `netstat` 没有在你的服务器上安装，用你的包管理器安装它。下面是在基于 Debian 的系统上： ``` $ sudo apt-get install net-tools From 62c5daa938f65d31d99b36afa662833e01b049d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2022 10:06:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 13/94] translating --- ... from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md b/sources/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md index 2fa79216f3..f3062da814 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/2/manage-calendar-linux-konsolekalender-kde" [#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 0e3994e6a78a271a7d17f425893ca00bade1a2da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=91?= Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2022 10:42:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 14/94] translated --- ...stom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md | 125 ------------------ ...stom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md | 123 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 123 insertions(+), 125 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md b/sources/tech/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md deleted file mode 100644 index f5c2b9eafd..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,125 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/custom-light-dark-wallpaper-gnome/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "robsean" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME -====== -AN EASY GUIDE ON – HOW TO CREATE YOUR CUSTOM LIGHT AND DARK WALLPAPER -FOR the GNOME desktop. -the GNOME desktop. - -[GNOME 42][1] brings the much-awaited light and dark theme to GNOME Desktop. It also brings the light and dark version of wallpaper, which automatically changes when you switch between light and dark themes. - -So, by default, GNOME gives you a set of pre-configured light and dark wallpapers. But what if you want a different wallpaper that changes automatically when the theme changes? - -Here’s how to configure and create your own custom wallpaper for both light and dark themes in GNOME. - -### How to create custom light and dark wallpaper for GNOME - -Firstly, make sure you have two versions of wallpaper handy with you. In general, they should be standard PNG or JPG images. For example, we used below two wallpapers for this demo. - -![Sample light and dark wallpaper for demo][2] - -But if you do not have proper light and dark wallpaper and looking for more, I will let you know how to get them or prepare for your own at the end of this guide. Stay with me. - -Second, we need to create a schema file for our own. The automatic changing of wallpaper is handled by an XML file called adwaita.xml, which defines specific light and dark backgrounds tags. So, we will create our XML file for the wallpapers. - -To do that, copy the contents of adwaita.xml from GitLab, and create a new XML file (the link is down below). You should see two tags inside this file – “filename” and “filename-dark”. These two XML tags contain the fully qualified path of both the wallpapers. Now, add the path to your images under these two tags, as I have shown below. - -[Download the XML file from here (adwaita.xml.in)][3] - -![Change the XML file][4] - -Third, save this file to with any name you want. If the “gnome-background-properties” are not there, create it. For this example, I used my_cool_backgrounds.xml. - -![Save the file][5] - -And you are all set. Finally, open the settings and go to the Appearance tab, and you should see the new wallpapers are visible as an option. - -[][6] - -SEE ALSO:   New GNOME Text Editor - Everything You Need to Know - -Select your own custom light and dark wallpaper and enjoy. - -![Appearance tab has now your own custom light and dark wallpaper][7] - -### How to download or make your own dynamic wallpaper - -Definitely, you must think, who has the time to find and create both day and night versions of wallpaper? There are several websites that give you dynamic wallpapers ready-made that you can easily download and install. - -One website I would recommend is [dynamicwallpaper.club][8] which has some excellent high-quality wallpapers up to 6K for macOS. And you can easily download them. - -Additionally, if you plan to download from the above website, remember that the site’s images are in [heic format][9] because the website is for macOS. The High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEIC) is Apple’s proprietary version of the HEIF or High-Efficiency Image File format. - -So, how to convert them in Linux systems? Well, you need a driver to view and convert the dynamic heic images in Ubuntu or Fedora Linux. Open a terminal and run the below commands to install the driver. - -users – - -``` - - sudo apt install heif-gdk-pixbuf - -``` - -Fedora users – - -``` - - sudo dnf install libheif - -``` - -(without this plugin, Plasma apps can’t open heic images) - -``` - - sudo apt install qt-heif-image-plugin - sudo dnf install qt-heif-image-plugin - -``` - -Finally, open the heic image with your favourite image viewer and save it as JPG/PNG. - -Last of all, don’t forget to let me know down below in the comment section whether you are able to create your own custom dark and light wallpaper for GNOME. - -![Custom Light and Dark wallpaper in GNOME – transition][10] - -Cheers. - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][11], [Twitter][12], [YouTube][13], and [Facebook][14] and never miss an update! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/custom-light-dark-wallpaper-gnome/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/gnome-42-release/ -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Sample-light-and-dark-wallpaper-for-demo.jpg -[3]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-backgrounds/-/tree/main/backgrounds -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Change-the-XML-file-1024x568.jpg -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Save-the-file-1024x548.jpg -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/gnome-text-editor/ -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Apperance-tab-has-now-your-own-custom-light-and-dark-wallpaper-1024x657.jpg -[8]: https://dynamicwallpaper.club -[9]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format -[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Custom-Light-and-Dark-wallpaper-in-GNOME-transition-1024x556.gif -[11]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[12]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[13]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[14]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/translated/tech/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md b/translated/tech/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..60c330179f --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +[#]: subject: "Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/custom-light-dark-wallpaper-gnome/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "robsean" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +创建你自己的自定义的 GNOME 的明暗壁纸 +====== +一份简单的指南 – 如何针对 GNOME 桌面环境来创建你的自定义明暗壁纸。 + +[GNOME 42][1] 将备受期待的明暗主题到 GNOME 桌面环境。它也带来壁纸的明暗版本，当你切换明暗主题时，它会自动地转换。 + +因此，默认情况下，GNOME 给予你一套预配置的明暗壁纸。但是如果你想要在主题更改时自动地转换成另一种不同的壁纸要怎么做呢？ + +这里是如何在 GNOME 中配置和创建你自己的明暗壁纸的方法。 + +### 如何针对 GNOME 桌面环境来创建自定义的明暗壁纸 + +第一，确保你手边有两个版本的壁纸。一般来说，它们应该是标准的 PNG 或 JPG 图像文件。例如，我们针对这个示例使用下面的两张壁纸。 + +![Sample light and dark wallpaper for demo][2] + +但是，如果你没有合适的明暗壁纸，或者正在查找更多的壁纸，在这篇指南的结尾，我将让你知道如何获取它们，或者如何自己准备它们。请与我同行。 + +第二， 我们需要为我们自己创建一个 schema 文件。The automatic changing of wallpaper is handled by an XML file called adwaita.xml, 它定义了特殊的明暗背景标记。因此，我们将为壁纸创建我们自己的 XML 文件。 + +为做到这一点，从 GitLab 复制 adwaita.xml 的内容，并创建一个新的 XML 文件 (链接在下面)。你能够会在这个文件中看到两个标记 – “filename” 和 “filename-dark”。这两个 XML 标记包含这两个壁纸的完整的限定的路径。现在，在这两个标记下添加你的图像文件的路径，如我下图所示。。 + +[从这里下载 XML 文件 (adwaita.xml)][3] + +![Change the XML file][4] + +第三，使用你想要的任意名称保存这个文件。如果这里没有 “gnome-background-properties”，创建它。针对这个示例，我使用 my_cool_backgrounds.xml 。 + +![Save the file][5] + +与此同时，你就准备好了所有的东西。最后，打开 settings 并转到 Appearance 标签页，你应该会看到一个新的可视的壁纸选项。 + +[][6] + +请参考：新的 GNOME 文本编辑器 - 你需要知晓的一切 + +选择你自己的自定义的明暗壁纸，尽情享受。 + +![Appearance tab has now your own custom light and dark wallpaper][7] + +### 如何下载或制作你自己的动态壁纸 + +当然，你必然会想，谁有时间去查找和创建壁纸的日夜版本？这里有一些网站来向你提供预制好的动态壁纸，你可以轻松地下载和安装。 + +我推荐的一个网站是 [dynamicwallpaper.club][8] ，针对 macOS 来说，它有一些高达 6K 的极好的高质量的壁纸。你可以轻松地下载它们。 + +此外，如果你打算从上述网站下载，请记住该网站的图像文件是 [heic][9] 格式的，因为这个网站是针对 macOS 的。高效视频编码 (HEIC) 是苹果的专有的 HEIF (High-Efficiency Image File) 的格式版本。 + +那么，如何在 Linux 系统中转换它们? 好吧，在 Ubuntu 或 Fedora Linux 中，你需要一个驱动程序来查看和转换动态的 heic 图像文件。打开一个终端，运行下面的命令开安装驱动程序。 + +Ubuntu 用户 – + +``` + + sudo apt install heif-gdk-pixbuf + +``` + +Fedora 用户 – + +``` + + sudo dnf install libheif + +``` + +(没有这个插件的帮助，Plasma 应用程序就不能打开 heic 格式的图像文件) + +``` + + sudo apt install qt-heif-image-plugin + sudo dnf install qt-heif-image-plugin + +``` + +最后，使用你喜欢的图像查看器打开 heic 图像文件，并将其保存为 JPG/PNG 图像文件。 + +最好，不要忘记在下面的评论区告诉我，你是否能够针对 GNOME 桌面环境来创建你自己的自定义的明暗壁纸了。 + +![Custom Light and Dark wallpaper in GNOME – transition][10] + +谢谢。 + +* * * + +我们带来最新的科技、软件新闻和重要的题材。通过 [Telegram][11]、[Twitter][12][YouTube][13] 和 [Facebook][14] 保持联系、不错过一次更新! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/custom-light-dark-wallpaper-gnome/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/gnome-42-release/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Sample-light-and-dark-wallpaper-for-demo.jpg +[3]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-backgrounds/-/tree/main/backgrounds +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Change-the-XML-file-1024x568.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Save-the-file-1024x548.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/gnome-text-editor/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Apperance-tab-has-now-your-own-custom-light-and-dark-wallpaper-1024x657.jpg +[8]: https://dynamicwallpaper.club +[9]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Custom-Light-and-Dark-wallpaper-in-GNOME-transition-1024x556.gif +[11]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[12]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[13]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[14]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From 50704be90d813f837424cf1e9f25855c7340ed39 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=91?= Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2022 10:46:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 15/94] Translating --- ...tweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220330 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md b/sources/tech/20220330 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md index 1dbb1070fd..e26ef6fab0 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220330 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220330 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "robsean" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 75ad845cc2777c11fb932a77b25f5b8f945ab46e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2022 12:10:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 16/94] R MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @jiamn 感谢您，完成了第一篇翻译贡献！ --- ...00916 Analyze Linux startup performance.md | 325 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 157 insertions(+), 168 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20200916 Analyze Linux startup performance.md b/translated/tech/20200916 Analyze Linux startup performance.md index 215f007ada..e96349727f 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20200916 Analyze Linux startup performance.md +++ b/translated/tech/20200916 Analyze Linux startup performance.md @@ -1,31 +1,36 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) [#]: translator: (jiamn) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: reviewer: (wxy) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) [#]: subject: (Analyze Linux startup performance) [#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/9/systemd-startup-configuration) [#]: author: (David Both https://opensource.com/users/dboth) -分析 Linux 启动性能 +Linux 启动性能分析 ====== -用 systemd-analyze 查看 Linux 启动性能或者解决一些问题 -![Magnifying glass on code][1] +> 用 systemd-analyze 洞悉并解决 Linux 启动性能问题。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/12/120909ygssda7j3t3a3a3a.jpg) -系统管理员的一部分工作就是分析系统性能，去发现并解决引起性能不佳、长时间启动系统的问题。系统维护者也需要去检查系统配置和使用等。 +系统管理员的一部分工作就是分析系统性能，发现并解决引起性能不佳、启动时间长的问题。系统管理员也需要去检查 systemd 的配置和使用的其它方面。 -systemd 初始化系统提供了 systemd-analyze 工具，帮助查看性能和其他重要的 systemd 信息。在以前的文章 分析 [_systemd 日历和时间间隔_][2] 里，我用了 systemd-analyze 去分析 systemd 里的时间戳和时间间隔，但是这个工具有很多其他用法，这个文章里我再揭示一些。 +systemd 初始化系统提供了 `systemd-analyze` 工具，可以帮助发现性能问题和其他重要的 systemd 信息。在以前的文章《[分析 systemd 日历和时间跨度][2]》里，我用了 `systemd-analyze` 去分析 systemd 里的时间戳和时间跨度，但是这个工具还有很多其他用法，这个文章里我将再揭示一些。 -（译者注： systemd 是目前主流Linux release 采用的系统管理； boot 翻译为启动，startup 翻译为起动） +（LCTT 译注：systemd 是目前主流 Linux 发行版采用的系统管理系统） -### 总览 +（LCTT 译注：为了区分英文的 “boot” 和 “startup” 的不同涵义，此处将 “boot” 翻译为“引导”，“startup” 翻译为“启动”。） -LINUX 起动顺序是值得学习关注的地方，因为 systemd-analyze 工具很多功能聚焦在起动 startup 过程。但是首先，要理解启动 boot 和起动 startup 。启动从 BIOS 加电自检（POST）开始，装载和控制主机系统结束，然后是起动 startup ，systemd 日志开始。 -这个系列的第二篇文章， [_理解LINUX起动 systemd_][3]，我讨论了起动 startup 的一点顺序上的细节，文章里，我试图解释起动 startup 顺序时间总进程和大部分时间花费在哪里。 -我的主工作站比虚拟机的结果更有意义。工作站组成是ASUS TUF X299 Mark 2 主板，Intel i9-7960X cpu （16核 32线程），64G内存。一些命令非超级用户可以使用，但是我在这篇文章里使用了超级用户避免在用户之间切换。 -检查起动过程有几个选项，最简单的是从 systemd-analyze 命令显示起动的几个主要分段耗费的时间汇总，内核起动，装载运行 initrd （初始ramdisk，一个临时系统镜像用来初始化一些硬件，挂载 / 根文件系统），还有用户空间 （所有的程序和后台进程需要主机起动到一个可用的状态）。如果没有子命令传递给命令， systemd-analyze time 是这样的： +### 概述启动 + +Linux 启动过程是值得学习关注的地方，因为 `systemd-analyze` 工具很多功能聚焦在启动startup过程。但是首先，要理解引导boot和启动startup。引导阶段从 BIOS 加电自检（POST）开始，结束于内核完成加载并控制主机系统，然后是开始了启动过程，也是 systemd 日志的开始点。 + +这个系列的第二篇文章《[理解 Linux 启动时的 systemd][3]》中，我详细讨论了启动阶段的内容和过程。在这篇文章里，我想研究一下启动过程，看看需要多少时间和大部分时间花费在哪里。 + +下面我将展示的结果来自我的主要工作站，这比虚拟机的结果要有趣得多。这个工作站包括一块 华硕 TUF X299 Mark 2 主板、一个英特尔 i9-7960X CPU（16 核 32 线程），64 G 内存。下面的一些命令非 root 用户也可以使用，但是我在这篇文章里使用了 root 用户，以避免在用户之间切换。 + +检查启动过程有几种方法，最简单的 `systemd-analyze` 命令显示了启动的几个主要部分耗费的时间，包括内核启动、装载运行 initrd（即初始 ramdisk，这是一个用来初始化一些硬件、挂载 `/` 根文件系统的临时系统镜像），还有用户空间（加载所有使主机达到可用状态的程序和守护程序）。如果没有像该命令传递子命令，默认是 `systemd-analyze time`： ``` [root@david ~]$ systemd-analyze @@ -33,46 +38,43 @@ Startup finished in 53.921s (firmware) + 2.643s (loader) + 2.236s (kernel) + 4.3 graphical.target reached after 10.071s in userspace [root@david ~]# ``` -特别要注意的 BIOS 花费了接近54秒，这是一个非同寻常的时间段，基本上所有的物理硬件系统都要使用 BIOS。 -我的System76 Oryx Pro笔记本在BIOS只花了8.506秒，我家里所有的系统都在10秒以内。在线搜索一阵之后，我发现这个主板（译者注：作者的主工作站主板）因为不同寻常的 BIOS 启动时间著名，我的主板从不“启动”，总是挂掉，我需要关机再开机，BIOS报错，按 F1 进入 BIO S设置，选择要启动的驱动器完成启动，多出的时间就是这样用掉的。 +这个输出中最值得注意的数据是在固件（BIOS）中花费的时间：几乎 54 秒。这是一个不太正常的时间，我的其他物理系统都没有花费这么长的时间来通过 BIOS。 -不是所有主机显示固件数据（译者注：固件启动中无法使用 systemd）。用Intel 9代或者更高的处理器就感觉不科学。尽管那不是正确的。（译者注：更高代的 cpu 启动时间更短，因为优化的 BIOS ） +我的 System76 Oryx Pro 笔记本在 BIOS 阶段只花了 8.506 秒，我家里所有的系统都在 10 秒以内。在线搜索一阵之后，我发现这块主板以其超长的 BIOS 引导时间而闻名。我的主板从不“马上启动”，总是挂起，我需要关机再开机，BIOS 报错，按 `F1` 进入 BIOS 设置，选择要引导的驱动器完成引导，多花费的时间就是这样用掉的。 -总结关于启动起动是非常有趣的，同时提供了很好的（虽然有限）的信息，仍然有很多关于起动的信息，就像下面我将描述的一样。 +不是所有主机都会显示固件数据（LCTT 译注：固件引导中不涉及 systemd）。我的不科学的实验使我相信，这个数据只显示给英特尔 9 代或以上的处理器。但这可能是不正确的。 -### 指定火炬 +这个关于引导、启动的概述提供了很好的（虽然有限）的信息，但是还有很多关于启动的信息，我将在下面描述。 -你可以用 systemd-analyze blame 去发现初始化每个 systemd 单元用掉的时间，结果按照初始化时间长短排序，从多到少： +### 分配责任 +你可以用 `systemd-analyze blame` 来发现哪个 systemd 单元的初始化时间最长。其结果按照初始化时间长短排序，从多到少： ``` -[root@david ~]$ systemd-analyze blame                                                                         -       5.417s NetworkManager-wait-online.service                                                       -       3.423s dracut-initqueue.service                                                                 -       2.715s systemd-udev-settle.service                                                               -       2.519s fstrim.service                                                                           -       1.275s udisks2.service                                                                           -       1.271s smartd.service                                                                           -        996ms upower.service                                                                           -        637ms lvm2-monitor.service                                                                     -        533ms lvm2-pvscan@8:17.service                                                                 -        520ms dmraid-activation.service                                                                 -        460ms vboxdrv.service                                                                           -        396ms initrd-switch-root.service -<SNIP – removed lots of entries with increasingly small times> +[root@david ~]$ systemd-analyze blame + 5.417s NetworkManager-wait-online.service + 3.423s dracut-initqueue.service + 2.715s systemd-udev-settle.service + 2.519s fstrim.service + 1.275s udisks2.service + 1.271s smartd.service + 996ms upower.service + 637ms lvm2-monitor.service + 533ms lvm2-pvscan@8:17.service + 520ms dmraid-activation.service + 460ms vboxdrv.service + 396ms initrd-switch-root.service +<截断：删去了好多时间不长的条目> ``` -注：删去了好多时间不长的条目 -因为很多服务是并行开始的，在 BIOS 之后所有单元加在一起的总数超过了 systemd-analyze time 汇总数。很多都是小数，不能显著的节省时间。 +因为很多服务是并行开始的，在 BIOS 之后所有单元加在一起的总数大大超过了 `systemd-analyze time` 汇总数。很多都是小数，不能显著的节省时间。 -这个命令提供的数据显明了提升启动时间的办法。无用的服务禁止（disable）掉。在起动序列中花掉很多时间的单一服务呈现明显。每次启动起动你可以看到不同结果。（译者注：并行起动服务的原因） +这个命令提供的数据指明了改善启动时间的办法。无用的服务可以禁用（`disable`）。在这个启动过程中，似乎没有任何一个服务需要花费过长的时间。你可能会在每次启动时看到不同的结果。（LCTT 译注：并行启动服务的原因） -### 严格链 - -项目管理中有个严格链，（译者注：systemd可以定义服务间严格依赖，构成严格链）在起动中可以通过查看一个严格链与时间相关的事件。 -有一些systemd单元起动中很慢，可能因为依赖严格链影响的，工具没有从开始显示所有单元，仅仅是有严格限制关系的事件。（译者注：相当于最短路径。并不显示依赖但不在严格链上的服务单元） +### 关键链 +就像项目管理中的关键路径一样，关键链显示了在启动过程中发生的时间关键的事件链（LCTT 译注：systemd 可以定义服务间的依赖，构成关键链）。如果启动缓慢，这些是你想查看的 systemd 单元，因为它们是导致延迟的单元。这个工具不会显示所有启动的单元，只显示这个关键事件链中的单元。（LCTT 译注：相当于最短路径。并不显示依赖不在关键链上的服务单元） ``` [root@david ~]# systemd-analyze critical-chain @@ -81,39 +83,38 @@ The time the unit took to start is printed after the "+" character. graphical.target @10.071s └─lxdm.service @10.071s -  └─plymouth-quit.service @10.047s +22ms -    └─systemd-user-sessions.service @10.031s +7ms -      └─remote-fs.target @10.026s -        └─remote-fs-pre.target @10.025s -          └─nfs-client.target @4.636s -            └─gssproxy.service @4.607s +28ms -              └─network.target @4.604s -                └─NetworkManager.service @4.383s +219ms -                  └─dbus-broker.service @4.434s +136ms -                    └─dbus.socket @4.369s -                      └─sysinit.target @4.354s -                        └─systemd-update-utmp.service @4.345s +9ms -                          └─auditd.service @4.301s +42ms -                            └─systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @4.254s +42ms -                              └─import-state.service @4.233s +19ms -                                └─local-fs.target @4.229s -                                  └─Virtual.mount @4.019s +209ms -                                    └─systemd-fsck@dev-mapper-vg_david2\x2dVirtual.service @3.742s +274ms -                                      └─local-fs-pre.target @3.726s -                                        └─lvm2-monitor.service @356ms +637ms -                                          └─dm-event.socket @319ms -                                            └─-.mount -                                              └─system.slice -                                                └─-.slice + └─plymouth-quit.service @10.047s +22ms + └─systemd-user-sessions.service @10.031s +7ms + └─remote-fs.target @10.026s + └─remote-fs-pre.target @10.025s + └─nfs-client.target @4.636s + └─gssproxy.service @4.607s +28ms + └─network.target @4.604s + └─NetworkManager.service @4.383s +219ms + └─dbus-broker.service @4.434s +136ms + └─dbus.socket @4.369s + └─sysinit.target @4.354s + └─systemd-update-utmp.service @4.345s +9ms + └─auditd.service @4.301s +42ms + └─systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @4.254s +42ms + └─import-state.service @4.233s +19ms + └─local-fs.target @4.229s + └─Virtual.mount @4.019s +209ms + └─systemd-fsck@dev-mapper-vg_david2\x2dVirtual.service @3.742s +274ms + └─local-fs-pre.target @3.726s + └─lvm2-monitor.service @356ms +637ms + └─dm-event.socket @319ms + └─-.mount + └─system.slice + └─-.slice [root@david ~]# ``` -@后面的秒数数字是从起动开始到单元激活的时间，+后面是单元开始花费的时间。 +前面有 `@` 的数字表示单元激活开始启动所使用的绝对秒数。前面有 `+` 的数字显示单元启动所需的时间。 ### 系统状态 -有时候你需要决定系统的当前状态， systemd-analyze dump 命令挖显出当前系统状态的一堆数据。有主要的启动时间戳，一个每个 systemd 单元的列表，和一个每个完整的详细描述： - +有时候你需要确定系统的当前状态，`systemd-analyze dump` 命令转储了当前系统状态的大量数据。有主要的启动时间戳，一个每个 systemd 单元的列表，并对每个单元状态进行了完整描述： ``` [root@david ~]# systemd-analyze dump @@ -135,106 +136,97 @@ Timestamp initrd-generators-start: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT Timestamp initrd-generators-finish: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT Timestamp initrd-units-load-start: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT Timestamp initrd-units-load-finish: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT --> Unit system.slice: -        Description: System Slice -        Instance: n/a -        Unit Load State: loaded -        Unit Active State: active -        State Change Timestamp: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT -        Inactive Exit Timestamp: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT -        Active Enter Timestamp: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT -        Active Exit Timestamp: n/a -        Inactive Enter Timestamp: n/a -        May GC: no -<SNIP – Deleted a bazillion lines of output> +-> Unit system.slice: + Description: System Slice + Instance: n/a + Unit Load State: loaded + Unit Active State: active + State Change Timestamp: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT + Inactive Exit Timestamp: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT + Active Enter Timestamp: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT + Active Exit Timestamp: n/a + Inactive Enter Timestamp: n/a + May GC: no +<截断：删除了大量的输出行> ``` -注：删掉了很多输出行 +在我的主工作站上，这个命令生成了 49680 行输出，大概 1.66MB，这个命令非常快，不需要等待。 -在我的主工作站，这个命令生成了49680行大概1.66MB，命令很快，你不需要等待。 +我很喜欢为各种连接设备（如存储设备）提供的大量细节。每个 systemd 单元有一个部分，包括各种运行时、缓存、日志目录的模式、启动单元的命令行、PID、开始时间戳，以及内存和文件限制等细节。 -我喜欢多种连接设备的规格细节，例如存储。每个 systemd 单元有一节例如模块的多种运行时、缓存、日志目录、单元开始命令、PID、开始时间戳、内存和文件限制。 - -systemd-analyze 的 man 帮助手册里展示了 systemd-analyze --user dump 选项，显示用户管理器的内部状态。但是我失败了，互联网搜索之后表明机器有一些问题。在 systemd 里， --user 实例用来管理和控制处理器给每个用户的资源。处理能力按分给每个用户的控制组 control group（译者注：系统管理一个特性）分配，我回头再写。 +`systemd-analyze` 的手册页里展示了 `systemd-analyze --user dump` 选项，目的是显示用户管理器的内部状态。但这个选项对我来说是失败的，互联网搜索之后表明它可能有一些问题。在 systemd 里，`--user` 实例用来管理和控制处理器给每个用户的进程资源。处理能力按分给每个用户的进程都属于一个控制组，我将在以后的文章中介绍。 ### 分析图表 -很多尖头老板( pointy-haired-bosses )和好的经理人发现好的图表特别容易阅读理解，比我经常看的文本类系统性能数据好。看，我喜欢好图表，systemd-analyze 提供了显示启动/起动数据用 [SVG][4] 向量图表。 +大多数啥都不懂的猥琐老板（PHB）和许多优秀的管理者都发现漂亮的图表比我通常喜欢的基于文本的系统性能数据更容易阅读和理解。但有时，即使是我也喜欢一个好的图表，`systemd-analyze` 提供了显示引导/启动数据的 [SVG][4] 矢量图表。 -下面的命令生成一个向量图文件来显示在启动起动之间发生的事件。生成这个文件只需要几秒： +下面的命令生成一个矢量图文件，来显示在引导和启动过程发生的事件。生成这个文件只需要几秒： ``` -`[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze plot > /tmp/bootup.svg` +[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze plot > /tmp/bootup.svg ``` -这个命令创建了 SVG，SVG是一个定义图向量应用的文本文件，包括Image Viewer、Ristretto、 Okular、 Eye of Mate、 LibreOffice Draw、和其他，(译者注：这些是文档应用）用来生成图。这些应用可以处理 SVG 来创建一个图像。 +这个命令创建了一个 SVG 文件，SVG 是一个定义了一系列图形矢量的文本文件，包括 Image Viewer、Ristretto、Okular、Eye of Mate、LibreOffice Draw 在内的这些可以生成图形的应用，可以用 SVG 来创建图像。 -我用 LibreOffice Draw（译者注：一个办公文档软件）去渲染一幅图。图很大，你需要放大来看细节。这里放的比较小： +我用 LibreOffice Draw（LCTT 译注：一个办公文档软件）来渲染一幅图形。这张图形很大，你需要放到很大才能看清细节。这里是它的一小部分： ![The bootup.svg file displayed in LibreOffice Draw.][5] -(David Both, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6]) +图中时间轴上零点（0）的左边是引导阶段，零点的右边是启动阶段。这一小部分显示了内核、initrd 和 initrd 启动的进程。 -启动起始是图上左面的时间线0，起动序列在0的右面。这个小图显示了内核、initrd、和initrd处理开启。 +这张图一目了然地显示了什么时候启动，启动需要多少时间，以及主要的依赖项。关键路径用红色高亮显示。 -这个图显示了谁什么时候开始，持续了多久，和主要的依赖。严格路径是红色高亮的。 - -另外一个生成图片输出的命令是 systemd-analyze plot，它生成了[DOT][7] 格式纹理依赖图。结果数据流通过 dot 工具管道，这是一族用来生成向量图文件多种类型数据的程序。这些 SVG 文件也能被上面列出的工具处理。 - -首先，生成文件，在我的主工作站花了9分钟： +另外一个生成图形输出的命令是 `systemd-analyze plot`，它生成了 [DOT][7] 格式的文本依赖图。产生的数据流通过 `dot` 工具进行处理，这是一组用来从多种类型数据中生成矢量图文件的程序。这些 SVG 文件也能被上面列出的工具处理。 +首先，生成文件，在我的主工作站花了 9 分钟： ``` -[root@david ~]# time systemd-analyze dot | dot -Tsvg > /tmp/test.svg -   Color legend: black     = Requires -                 dark blue = Requisite -                 dark grey = Wants -                 red       = Conflicts -                 green     = After +[root@david ~]# time systemd-analyze dot | dot -Tsvg > /tmp/test.svg + Color legend: black = Requires + dark blue = Requisite + dark grey = Wants + red = Conflicts + green = After -real    8m37.544s -user    8m35.375s -sys     0m0.070s +real 8m37.544s +user 8m35.375s +sys 0m0.070s [root@david ~]# ``` -我不想重新生成输出了，因为比意大利面还好。但是你应该试试看看我想让你看到的结果。 +我不会在这里重现输出，因为产生的图形就像一大堆意大利面条。但是你应该试试，看看我想让你看到的结果。 ### 条件 -我不想重新生成输出了，因为比意大利面还好。但是你应该试试看看我想让你看到的结果。 +在阅读 systemd-analyze(1) 的手册页时，我发现了一个更有趣的功能，但又有点通用，就是条件子命令。（是的，我确实在读手册页，而且我神奇地通过这种方式学到了很多东西！）。这个 `condition` 子命令能用来测试 systemd 单元文件中的条件和断言。 -很多有意思的，也有些普遍的，当我读 systemd-analyze man 帮助时发现 condition 子命令 （是的，我读了man帮助手册，我就是这样学习的）。这个 condition 子命令能用来测试条件和断言 systemd 单元文件。 - -把它放到程序里评估一个或者多个条件成立是否返回 0 值，或者条件没有成立返回 1。 在其他情况，它根据调查结果吐出文本。 - -下面的例子，来自man帮助手册，稍微有点复杂。它测试了内核版本是不是在 4.0 和 5.1，主机使 用AC power，系统结构不是 arm，并且它的目录 /etc/os-release 是否存在。我加了 echo $? 来打印返回值。 +它也可以在脚本中用来评估一个或多个条件 —— 如果所有条件都满足，则返回 0；如果有条件不满足，则返回 1。在其它情况下，它都会输出其结果文本。 +下面的例子来自手册页，稍微有点复杂。它测试了内核版本是否在 4.0 和 5.1 之间，主机是否使用交流电供电，系统结构是否是 ARM，以及 `/etc/os-release` 目录是否存在。我添加了 `echo $?` 来打印返回值。 ``` -[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze condition 'ConditionKernelVersion = ! <4.0' \ -                    'ConditionKernelVersion = >=5.1' \ -                    'ConditionACPower=|false' \ -                    'ConditionArchitecture=|!arm' \ -                    'AssertPathExists=/etc/os-release' ; \ +[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze condition 'ConditionKernelVersion = ! <4.0' \ + 'ConditionKernelVersion = >=5.1' \ + 'ConditionACPower=|false' \ + 'ConditionArchitecture=|!arm' \ + 'AssertPathExists=/etc/os-release' ; \ echo $? test.service: AssertPathExists=/etc/os-release succeeded. Asserts succeeded. test.service: ConditionArchitecture=|!arm succeeded. test.service: ConditionACPower=|false failed. -test.service: ConditionKernelVersion=>=5.1 succeeded. -test.service: ConditionKernelVersion=!<4.0 succeeded. +test.service: ConditionKernelVersion=>=5.1 succeeded. +test.service: ConditionKernelVersion=!<4.0 succeeded. Conditions succeeded. 0 [root@david ~]# ``` -条件和断言在 systemd.unit(5) man帮助手册的大概 600 行。 +条件和断言的列表大约从 systemd.unit(5) 手册页的第 600 行左右开始。 -### 罗列配置文件 - -systemd-analyze 工具可以发送多种配置文件内容去标准输出，像这儿展示的，基础根目录是 /etc/: +### 列出配置文件 +`systemd-analyze` 工具提供了一种将各种配置文件的内容发送到 STDOUT 的方法，如图所示。其基本目录是 `/etc/`。 ``` [root@david ~]# systemd-analyze cat-config systemd/system/display-manager.service @@ -242,8 +234,8 @@ systemd-analyze 工具可以发送多种配置文件内容去标准输出，像 [Unit] Description=LXDM (Lightweight X11 Display Manager) #Documentation=man:lxdm(8) -Conflicts=[getty@tty1.service][8] -After=systemd-user-sessions.service [getty@tty1.service][8] plymouth-quit.service livesys-late.service +Conflicts=getty@tty1.service +After=systemd-user-sessions.service getty@tty1.service plymouth-quit.service livesys-late.service #Conflicts=plymouth-quit.service [Service] @@ -257,8 +249,7 @@ Alias=display-manager.service [root@david ~]# ``` -这和标准的 cat 命令做的差不多。我发现另外一条小有帮助的命令，它能在标准的 systemd 所在的位置搜索模式匹配的内容： - +打了这么多字却和标准的 `cat` 命令做的差不多。我发现下一条命令小有帮助，它能在标准的 systemd 所在的位置搜索具有指定模式的内容： ``` [root@david ~]# systemctl cat backup* @@ -279,6 +270,7 @@ OnCalendar=*-*-* 00:15:30 [Install] WantedBy=timers.target + # /etc/systemd/system/backup.service # This service unit runs the rsbu backup program # By David Both @@ -301,69 +293,68 @@ WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@david ~]# ``` -这些命令为每个文件提供了包含文件的全路径和文件名的注释行。 +这两个命令在每个文件的内容前面都有一个注释行，包含文件的完整路径和名称。 ### 单元文件检查 -当创建了一个新的单元文件，利用 verify 子命令帮助检查语法是否正确。它能指出来不正确的拼写和呼叫错误服务单元的指导。 - +当创建了一个新的单元文件，可以利用 `verify` 子命令帮助检查语法是否正确。它能指出来不正确的拼写，并列出缺失的服务单元。 ``` -`[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze verify /etc/systemd/system/backup.service` +[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze verify /etc/systemd/system/backup.service ``` -Unix/Linux 的反馈宗旨是“沉默是金”，没有输出意味着扫描文件没有错。 +秉承 Unix/Linux 的“沉默是金”的宗旨，没有输出意味着扫描的文件中没有错误。 -### 安全 - -security 子命令检查指定服务的安全级别。只能针对服务单元，其他类型的单元文件不可用： +### 安全性 +`security` 子命令检查指定服务的安全级别。它只能针对服务单元，其他类型的单元文件不起作用： ``` [root@david ~]# systemd-analyze security display-manager -  NAME                                                        DESCRIPTION                                                     > -✗ PrivateNetwork=                                             Service has access to the host's network                        > -✗ User=/DynamicUser=                                          Service runs as root user                                       > -✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SET(UID|GID|PCAP)                Service may change UID/GID identities/capabilities              > -✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_ADMIN                        Service has administrator privileges                            > -✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_PTRACE                       Service has ptrace() debugging abilities                        > -✗ RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_(INET|INET6)                    Service may allocate Internet sockets                           > -✗ RestrictNamespaces=~CLONE_NEWUSER                           Service may create user namespaces                              > -✗ RestrictAddressFamilies=~…                                  Service may allocate exotic sockets                             > -✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_(CHOWN|FSETID|SETFCAP)           Service may change file ownership/access mode/capabilities unres> -✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_(DAC_*|FOWNER|IPC_OWNER)         Service may override UNIX file/IPC permission checks            > -✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_NET_ADMIN                        Service has network configuration privileges                    > -✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_MODULE                       Service may load kernel modules -<SNIP> -✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG                   Service may issue vhangup()                                     > -✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_WAKE_ALARM                       Service may program timers that wake up the system              > -✗ RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_UNIX                            Service may allocate local sockets                              > + NAME DESCRIPTION > +✗ PrivateNetwork= Service has access to the host's network > +✗ User=/DynamicUser= Service runs as root user > +✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SET(UID|GID|PCAP) Service may change UID/GID identities/capabilities > +✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_ADMIN Service has administrator privileges > +✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_PTRACE Service has ptrace() debugging abilities > +✗ RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_(INET|INET6) Service may allocate Internet sockets > +✗ RestrictNamespaces=~CLONE_NEWUSER Service may create user namespaces > +✗ RestrictAddressFamilies=~… Service may allocate exotic sockets > +✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_(CHOWN|FSETID|SETFCAP) Service may change file ownership/access mode/capabilities unres> +✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_(DAC_*|FOWNER|IPC_OWNER) Service may override UNIX file/IPC permission checks > +✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_NET_ADMIN Service has network configuration privileges > +✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_MODULE Service may load kernel modules +<截断> +✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG Service may issue vhangup() > +✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_WAKE_ALARM Service may program timers that wake up the system > +✗ RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_UNIX Service may allocate local sockets > -→ Overall exposure level for backup.service: 9.6 UNSAFE 😨 +→ Overall exposure level for backup.service: 9.6 UNSAFE ? lines 34-81/81 (END) ``` -是的，哭脸（emoji）是输出。但是当然，很多服务的工作比美观更重要。我列举了一些服务，包括我自己的备份服务，结果可能不同，但是最下面一行看起来是一样的。 -这个工具对于在严格的安全环境检查和修复用户空间服务单元是很有用的。我不认为我们的大多数都能用到它。 +是的，表情符是输出的一部分。但是，当然，许多服务需要几乎完全访问所有的东西，以便完成它们的工作。我针对几个服务运行了这个程序，包括我自己的备份服务；结果可能有所不同，但最底下一行似乎大多是一样的。 + +这个工具对于在严格的安全环境检查和修复用户空间的服务单元是很有用的。我不认为我们的大多数都能用到它。 ### 最后总结 -强有力的工具（sysmted-analyze）提供了一些有意思和迷人的有益的选项。这篇文章阐述了用 systemd-analyze 来分析 systemd Linux内部起动性能。它同样能分析 systemd 的其他方面。 -工具的某部分是限制使用的，有些被遗漏。但是大多数对于起动和其他 systemd 功能的问题解决提供了很好的结果。 +这个强力的工具提供了一些有趣而惊人的有用选项。本文探讨的大部分内容是关于使用 systemd-analyze 来深入了解 Linux 使用 systemd 的启动性能。它还可以分析 systemd 的其他方面。 + +其中有些工具的作用有限，有几个应该完全忘记。但在解决启动和其他 systemd 功能的问题时，大多数都能起到很好的作用。 ### 资源 -互联网上关于 systemd 有很多信息，但是很多过于简洁，迟钝，甚至误导。这篇文章中提到的额外的资源，是列在下面的关于 systemd 起动的更细节更可信的web页面。我罗列了自从我开始这个系列的文章影响我研究的内容。 +互联网上关于 systemd 有很多信息，但是很多过于简略、晦涩，甚至是误导。除了这篇文章中提到的资源外，以下网页提供了关于systemd启动的更详细和可靠的信息。这个列表在我开始写这一系列文章后有所增长，以反映我所做的研究。 - * The [systemd.unit(5) 手册页面][9] 包含了非常棒的每个都是丰富细节描述的一些单元文件节段和它们的配置文件选项。 - * The Fedora 项目有一个好的练习 [systemd 指导][10]. 它指导了你用 Fedora systemd 要知道的设置，管理，维护。 - * The Fedora 项目还有一个好的 [备忘录][11] 兼容交叉了老的 SystemV 命令和 systemd 以及比较。 - * Red Hat 文档包含了一个详细的描述 [单元文件结构][12] 和其他一样重要的信息。 - * 关于systemd技术细节和创建的原因，可以去 Freedesktop.org's [ systemd 详述][13]. - * [Linux.com][14]的 "更多 systemd 乐趣" 提供了很多高级的 systemd  [信息和提示][15]. + * [systemd.unit(5) 手册页][9] 包含了一份单元文件部分及其配置选项的清单，并对每个部分进行了简明的描述。 + * Fedora 项目有一个很好的实用 [systemd 指南][10]。它包含了配置、管理和维护使用 systemd 的 Fedora 计算机所需的几乎所有知识。 + * Fedora 项目还有一份很好的 [备忘录][11]，将旧的 SystemV 命令与 systemd 命令进行了对照。 + * Red Hat 文档包含了对 [单元文件结构][12] 的详细描述和其他重要的信息。 + * 关于 systemd 技术的细节和创建它的原因，可以去看 Freedesktop.org [systemd 详述][13]。 + * [Linux.com][14] 的“更多 systemd 乐趣”提供了很多高级的 systemd [信息和技巧][15]。 - -下面是 systemd 设计者和主要开发者 Lennart Poettering 关于 Linux 系统管理员的深度技术文档，这些文章尽管写于2010年4月到2011年9月，现在看也是非常适应时宜的。其他很棒的 systemd 相关的体系都基于这些设计。 +此外，systemd 设计者和主要开发者 Lennart Poettering 也为 Linux 系统管理员撰写了一系列深度技术文档，尽管这些文章写于 2010 年 4 月到 2011 年 9 月，现在看也是非常适应时宜。关于 systemd 及其生态系统的其他好文章，大部分都是基于这些文章的。 * [Rethinking PID 1][16] * [systemd for Administrators, Part I][17] @@ -378,8 +369,6 @@ lines 34-81/81 (END) * [systemd for Administrators, Part X][26] * [systemd for Administrators, Part XI][27] - - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://opensource.com/article/20/9/systemd-startup-configuration @@ -387,7 +376,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/20/9/systemd-startup-configuration 作者：[David Both][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[jiamn](https://github.com/jiamn) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 223f2f9a9bb7eb2c7974762bfdae9d71eabaf194 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2022 12:11:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 17/94] P MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @jiamn 本文首发地址：https://linux.cn/article-14462-1.html 您的 LCTT 专页地址：https://linux.cn/lctt/jiamn --- .../20200916 Analyze Linux startup performance.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20200916 Analyze Linux startup performance.md (99%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20200916 Analyze Linux startup performance.md b/published/20200916 Analyze Linux startup performance.md similarity index 99% rename from translated/tech/20200916 Analyze Linux startup performance.md rename to published/20200916 Analyze Linux startup performance.md index e96349727f..4e20e1807c 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20200916 Analyze Linux startup performance.md +++ b/published/20200916 Analyze Linux startup performance.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) [#]: translator: (jiamn) [#]: reviewer: (wxy) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: publisher: (wxy) +[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-14462-1.html) [#]: subject: (Analyze Linux startup performance) [#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/9/systemd-startup-configuration) [#]: author: (David Both https://opensource.com/users/dboth) From 70e9fc43039f32e68aabdc2fb4649c3ed488c4a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2022 16:21:58 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 18/94] RP @hwlife https://linux.cn/article-14463-1.html --- ...tition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md | 183 +++++++++++++++++ ...tition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md | 194 ------------------ 2 files changed, 183 insertions(+), 194 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20210401 Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/20210401 Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md diff --git a/published/20210401 Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md b/published/20210401 Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..071fd26540 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20210401 Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ +[#]: subject: (Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted) +[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/4/linux-parted-cheat-sheet) +[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth) +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (hwlife) +[#]: reviewer: (wxy) +[#]: publisher: (wxy) +[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-14463-1.html) + +在 Linux 上使用 GNU Parted 对磁盘分区 +====== + +> 了解对新的储存设备分区的基础知识，然后下载我们的速查表，让信息近在咫尺。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/12/162040edndfpnkn8233ppd.jpg) + +在 21 世纪，我们往往认为数据存储是理所当然的。我们有许多存储介质，相对价格便宜，而且有许多不同的可用类型。然而，不论你获得的免费云存储空间有多少，没有比有一个物理硬盘空间来存储重要的数据更好了（或容量真的很大的，而当你又在一个慢速网络上时）。然而，没有几块硬盘买回来就是现成的，至少在理想的状况下可以直接使用的。无论你是买了一块新硬盘，还用不同分区安装一个系统，你需要知道怎么在 Linux 上为磁盘分区。 + +这篇文章介绍了 GNU Parted ，它磁盘分区最好的工具之一。如果你偏向使用图形化程序，而不算终端命令行，请阅读我的《[为 Linux 格式化驱动器][2]》这篇文章。 + +### 磁盘标签、分区和文件系统 + +技术上来说，一个硬盘驱动器不需要很多软件，就可用作存储设备。然而，在没有分区表和文件系统等现代惯例的情况下使用硬盘是困难的、不切实际的，而且对你的数据不安全。 + +关于硬盘驱动器，这里有三个你需要知道的重要概念： + + * 磁盘标签disk label（或者 分区表partition table）是放置在磁盘驱动器起始位置的元数据，它告诉计算机可用的存储是何种类型、以及它在磁盘驱动器的位置等信息。 + * 分区partition 是一个识别文件系统位置的边界。举个例子，如果你有一个 512GB 的硬盘，你可以用占用所有磁盘容量（512GB）分成一个分区，或者分成两个分区，每个占用 256GB ，或者分成三个分区，占用各种不同大小的空间等等。 + * 文件系统filesystem 是一个硬盘驱动器和计算机两者约定俗成的存储方案。计算机必须知道怎样读取文件系统来拼凑存储在驱动器上的数据，并且必须知道怎样写入数据到文件系统并保持数据的完整性。 + +GNU Parted 程序管理着前两个概念：磁盘标签和分区。Parted 对文件系统有所了解，但是它把文件系统的实现细节交给了其他类似 `mkfs` 这样的工具。 + +> 下载 [GNU Parted 速查表][3] + +### 确定磁盘驱动器的位置 + +使用 GNU Parted 之前，你必须确定你的驱动器在你的系统上的位置。首先，将你要格式化的磁盘驱动器连接到你的系统，然后用 `parted` 命令查看连接到你的计算机的设备： + +``` +$ parted /dev/sda print devices +/dev/sda (2000GB) +/dev/sdb (1000GB) +/dev/sdc (1940MB) +``` + +你最新连接设备的名称在字母表上晚于连接时间更长的设备。举个例子，`/dev/sdc` 最有可能是我刚刚连接的磁盘。我能通过它的容量大小来确认，相比于我的工作站上的主要驱动器的 TB 大小来说，因为我知道我插入的 U 盘只有 2GB（1940MB，足够接近）大小。如果你不能确定，你可以得到的更多关于你想要分区的驱动器的信息： + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdc print +Model: Yoyodyne Tiny Drive 1.0 (scsi)     +Disk /dev/sdc: 1940MB +Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B +Partition Table: msdos +Disk Flags: + +Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags + 1      1049kB  2048kB  1024kB  BS           Bloat  Hidden + 2      2049kB  1939MB  1937MB  FAT32        MyDrive +``` + +有些驱动器比其他驱动器有更多的元数据。这个磁盘表明它的物理驱动器品牌是 Yoyodyne ，此外，在磁盘的起始处包含了一个小的隐藏分区，后面是一个兼容 Windows 的臃肿的 FAT32 分区。这确实是我要重新打算格式化的驱动器。 + +继续之前，_确认_ 你已经确定了要分区的正确驱动器。 _对错误的驱动器重新分区会导致数据丢失。_ 为了安全起见，在本文中所有具有潜在破环性的命令都指向在你的系统中不太可能有的 `/dev/sdX` 设备。 + +### 创建磁盘标签（或者分区表） + +要在磁盘上创建一个分区，驱动器必须要有一个磁盘标签disk label。磁盘标签也被叫做 分区表partition table，所以 Parted 对两个术语都接受。 + +要创建一个磁盘卷标，使用 `mklabel` 或 `mktable` 子命令: + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdX mklabel gpt +``` + +这个命令在 `/dev/sdX` 的驱动器前面创建了一个 **gpt** 标签，删除了任何可能存在的标签。这是一个快速的过程，因为所有被替换的信息都是关于分区的元数据。 + +### 创建分区 + +要在磁盘创建分区，使用 `mkpart` 子命令，后跟可选的分区名称，再跟分区的开始和结束位置。如果你在磁盘上只需要一个分区，那么大小调整是容易的：开始位置输入 1 ，结束位置输入 100% 。使用 `--align opt` 参数允许 Parted 调整分区边界位置便于磁盘获得最佳性能： + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdX --align opt \ +mkpart example 1 100% +``` + +用 `print` 子命令查看你的新分区： + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdX print +Model: Yoyodyne Tiny Drive 1.0 (scsi) +Disk /dev/sdi: 1940MB +Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B +Partition Table: gpt +Disk Flags: + +Number  Start   End     Size   + 1      1049kB  1939MB  1938MB +``` + +你不必将整个磁盘用作一个分区。分区的优势是在一个磁盘上可以存在多个文件系统，它们之间不会相互干扰。在确定分区大小的时候，你可以使用 `unit` 子命令来设置你想用的测量方法。Parted 可以理解扇区sector、柱面cylinder、磁头head、字节byte、KB、MB、GB、TB 和百分比。（LCTT 译注：具体使用方法请参阅手册页） + +你也可以指定你打算使用的分区的文件系统。这并不会创建文件系统，但是它为你以后方便使用提供了元数据。 + +将磁盘对半分，一个是 XFS 文件系统，另一个是 EXT4 文件系统： + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdX --align opt \ +mkpart xfs 1 50% +$ parted /dev/sdX --align opt \ +mkpart ext4 51% 100% +``` + +### 命名分区 + +除了标记分区用于什么文件系统之外，你也可以为每个分区命名。一些文件管理器和工具可以读取分区名称，能够帮助你区分驱动器。例如，我经常有几个不同的驱动器连接到我的媒体工作站，每个属于一个不同的项目。当创建这些驱动器的时候，我同时命名了分区和文件系统，这样，无论我怎么看我的系统，有重要数据的位置都会被清楚地标示出来。 + +要命名一个分区，你必须知道它的序号： + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdX print +[...] +Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name     Flags + 1      1049kB  990MB   989MB  xfs          example + 2      1009MB  1939MB  930MB  ext4         noname +``` + +要命名分区 1： + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdX name 1 example +$ parted /dev/sdX print +[...] +Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name     Flags + 1      1049kB  990MB   989MB  xfs          example + 2      1009MB  1939MB  930MB  ext4         noname +``` + +### 创建文件系统 + +要让你的驱动器能够正常使用，你必须在新分区上创建一个文件系统。GNU Parted 并不做这些，因为它只是一个分区管理器。在磁盘上创建文件系统的 Linux 命令是 `mkfs`，但也有一些有用的工具可以让你用来创建特定类型的文件系统。例如，`mkfs.ext4` 创建 EXT4 文件系统，`mkfs.xfs` 创建 XFS 文件系统等等。 + +你的分区位于磁盘驱动器的“内部” ，所以你不是在 `/dev/sdX` 上创建文件系统，而是在 `/dev/sdX1` 上为第一个分区创建文件系统，在 `/dev/sdX2` 上为第二个分区创建，以此类推。 + +这里是一个创建 XFS 文件系统的例子： + +``` +$ sudo mkfs.xfs -L mydrive /dev/sdX1 +``` + +### 下载我们的速查表 + +Parted 是一个灵活而强大的工具。你可以发出命令，如本文所示的那样，或者激活一个交互模式以不断 “连接” 你指定的驱动器: + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdX +(parted) print +[...] +Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name     Flags + 1      1049kB  990MB   989MB  xfs          example + 2      1009MB  1939MB  930MB  ext4         noname + +(parted) name 1 mydrive +(parted) +``` + +如果你打算经常使用 Parted ，[下载我们的 GNU Parted 速查表][3]，让信息近在咫尺。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/linux-parted-cheat-sheet + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/coverimage_cheat_sheet.png?itok=lYkNKieP (Cheat Sheet cover image) +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/18/11/partition-format-drive-linux#gui +[3]: https://opensource.com/downloads/parted-cheat-sheet diff --git a/translated/tech/20210401 Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md b/translated/tech/20210401 Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3f42e7fcd1..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20210401 Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,194 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: (Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted) -[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/4/linux-parted-cheat-sheet) -[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth) -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (hwlife) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) - -在 Linxu 上使用 GNU Parted 对磁盘分区 -====== -了解对新的储存设备分区的基础知识，然后下载我们的备忘表隔，保持信息交流方便。 - -![Cheat Sheet cover image][1] - -在 21 世纪，我们倾向于数据存储是理所当然的。我们有许多存储介质，相对价格便宜，而且有许多不同的可用类型。不论你获得的免费云存储空间有多少，没有比有一个物理硬盘空间来存储重要的数据更好了(容量真的很大或者当你在一个慢速网络上时) 。然而，理想的磁盘分区是没有几块硬盘买回来就是现成的，至少，如果你买了一块新硬盘或者用不同分区安装一个系统，你需要知道怎么在 Linux 上为磁盘分区。 - -这篇文章介绍 GNU Parted ，磁盘分区最好的工具之一。如果你偏向使用图形化程序替代终端命令行，阅读我的 [为 Linux 格式化驱动器][2] 这篇文章。 - -### 磁盘卷标，分区和文件系统 - -技术上来说，一个硬盘驱动器不需要很多软件来服务于存储设备。然而，使用一个驱动器没有现代化的转换技术比如分区表和文件系统是困难的，不切实际的，对你的数据是不安全的。 - -这里有三个你需要知道的关于硬盘驱动器的重要概念： - - - * A **磁盘卷标** 或者 **分区表** 是放置在磁盘驱动器起始位置的元数据，它为计算机读取关于可用存储是何种类型，磁盘驱动器的位置等信息做提示。 - * A **分区** 是一个证明文件系统所在位置的边界。举个例子，如果你有一个 512GB 的硬盘，你可以用占用所有磁盘容量 (512GB) 分成一个分区，或者分成两个分区，每个占用 256GB ，或者分成三个分区占用一些其他大小变化等等。 - * A **文件系统** 是一个硬盘驱动器和计算机两者约定俗成的存储体系。计算机必须知道怎样读取文件系统上拼合在一起存储在驱动器上的的数据，并且知道怎样写入数据到文件系统并保持数据的完整性。 - - -GNU Parted 程序管理前两个概念：磁盘卷标和分区。Parted 对文件系统有所了解，但是它留下了文件系统详细操作给了其他类似 `mkfs` 这样的工具。 - -**[下载 [GNU Parted 备忘表格][3]]** - -### 查找磁盘驱动器 - -使用 GNU Parted 之前，你必须在你的系统上确定你的驱动器所在位置。首先，连接你想要格式化你的系统的磁盘驱动器，然后用 `parted` 命令查看连接到你的计算机的内容： - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sda print devices -/dev/sda (2000GB) -/dev/sdb (1000GB) -/dev/sdc (1940MB) -``` -你最新连接设备的名称在字母表上晚于连接时间更长的设备。举个例子，`/dev/sdc` 最有可能是我刚刚连接的磁盘。我能通过它的容量大小来确认，相比于我的工作站上的主要驱动器的 TB 大小来说，因为我知道我插入的 U 盘 只有 2GB (1940MB 足够接近) 大小。如果你不能确定，你可以得到的更多关于你想要分区的驱动器的信息： - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sdc print -Model: Yoyodyne Tiny Drive 1.0 (scsi)     -Disk /dev/sdc: 1940MB -Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B -Partition Table: msdos -Disk Flags: - -Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags - 1      1049kB  2048kB  1024kB  BS           Bloat  Hidden - 2      2049kB  1939MB  1937MB  FAT32        MyDrive -``` - -有些驱动器比其他驱动器有更多的元数据。这个磁盘证明它自己的物理驱动器商标是 Yoyodyne ，此外，在磁盘的起始包含了一个小的有些臃肿的隐藏分区和一个兼容 Windows 的 FAT32 分区。这确实是我要重新打算格式化的驱动器。 - -继续之前， _确认_ 你已经证实你要分区正确的驱动器。 _重新分区错误的驱动器会导致数据丢失。_ 为了安全起见，在文章中整个潜在的破环性命令都引用为在你的系统中不太可能有的 `/dev/sdX` 设备。 - -### 创建磁盘卷标或者分区表 - -要在磁盘上创建一个分区，驱动器必须要有一个磁盘卷标。磁盘卷标也被叫做 _分区表_，所以 Parted 对两个术语都接受。 - -要创建一个磁盘卷标，使用 `mklabel` 或 `mktable` 子命令: - - -``` -`$ parted /dev/sdX mklabel gpt` -``` - -这个命令在位于 `/dev/sdX` 的驱动器前面创建了一个 **gpt** 的标签，删除了任何可能存在的标签。这是一个快速的过程因为所有关于被替换的分区信息都存在于元数据。 - - -### 创建分区 - -要在磁盘创建分区，使用 `mkpart` 子命令，后跟分区的可选名称，再跟分区的开始和结束位置。如果你在磁盘上只需要一个分区，那么大小调整是容易的：开始位置输入 1 ，结束位置输入 100% 。使用 `--align opt` 参数允许 Parted 调整分区边界位置便于磁盘获得最佳性能： - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sdX --align opt \ -mkpart example 1 100% -``` - -用 `print` 子命令查看你的新分区： - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sdX print -Model: Yoyodyne Tiny Drive 1.0 (scsi) -Disk /dev/sdi: 1940MB -Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B -Partition Table: gpt -Disk Flags: - -Number  Start   End     Size   - 1      1049kB  1939MB  1938MB -``` - -你不必使用整个磁盘作为一个分区。分区的优势是在一个磁盘上可以存在多个文件系统，它们之间不会相互干扰。但调整分区的时候，你可以使用 `unit` 子命令来设置你想用的测量方法。Parted 理解扇区，柱面，磁头，字节，KB ，MB ，GB ，TB 和百分比。 - -你也可以指定你打算使用分区的文件系统。这并不能够完全创建文件系统，但是它为你以后方便使用提供了元数据。 - -将磁盘对半分，一个是 XFS 文件系统，另一个是 EXT4 文件系统： - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sdX --align opt \ -mkpart xfs 1 50% -$ parted /dev/sdX --align opt \ -mkpart ext4 51% 100% -``` - -### 命令分区 - -除了标记分区用于什么文件系统之外，你也可以为每个分区命名。一些文件管理器和工具可以读取分区名称，能够帮助你区分驱动器。例如，我经常有几个不同的驱动器连接到我的媒体工作站，每个属于一个不同的项目。当创建这些驱动器的时候，我把分区和文件系统名称都命名了，以至于不论我怎么看我的系统，重要数据的位置都被清楚的标记。 - -要命名一个分区，你必须知道它的序号： - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sdX print -[...] -Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name     Flags - 1      1049kB  990MB   989MB  xfs          example - 2      1009MB  1939MB  930MB  ext4         noname -``` - -要命名分区 1： - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sdX name 1 example -$ parted /dev/sdX print -[...] -Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name     Flags - 1      1049kB  990MB   989MB  xfs          example - 2      1009MB  1939MB  930MB  ext4         noname -``` - -### 创建文件系统 - -要让你的驱动器能够正常使用，你必须在新分区上创建一个文件系统。GNU Parted 没有这样做，因为它只是一个分区管理器。在磁盘上使用 `mkfs` 命令来创建文件系统，而且有些对你有帮助的工具使用别名来创建特定种类的文件系统。例如， `mkfs.ext4` 创建 EXT4 文件系统， `mkfs.xfs` 创建 XFS 文件系统等等。 - -你的分区位于磁盘驱动器的 "内部" ，所以不用在 `/dev/sdX` 上创建文件系统，只需要在第一个分区创建你的 `/dev/sdX1` 文件系统， `/dev/sdX2` 是第二个文件系统，以此类推。 - -这里是一个创建 XFS 文件系统的例子： - - -``` -`$ sudo mkfs.xfs -L mydrive /dev/sdX1` -``` - -### 下载我们的备注表格 - -Parted 是一个灵活而强大的工具。如本文所示，你可以发出命令，或者激活一个交互模式以不断 "连接" 你指定的驱动器: - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sdX -(parted) print -[...] -Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name     Flags - 1      1049kB  990MB   989MB  xfs          example - 2      1009MB  1939MB  930MB  ext4         noname - -(parted) name 1 mydrive -(parted) -``` - -如果你打算经常使用 Parted ， [下载我们的 GNU Parted 备忘表格][3]以至于你可以方便使用所有的子命令。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/linux-parted-cheat-sheet - -作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/coverimage_cheat_sheet.png?itok=lYkNKieP (Cheat Sheet cover image) -[2]: https://opensource.com/article/18/11/partition-format-drive-linux#gui -[3]: https://opensource.com/downloads/parted-cheat-sheet From 19371e1a51e9e13bcd3cd4566524646484d34bf8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8C=97=E6=A2=A6=E5=8D=97=E6=AD=8C?= Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 00:06:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 19/94] translating --- ...age your passwords in the Linux terminal.md | 18 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md b/sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md index 97a80412e9..7bc1787355 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md @@ -124,14 +124,14 @@ $ ls /root/.password-store/ ### 用 pass 编辑密码 -I use different user names for different activities online, so the username for a site is often just as important as the password. The `pass` system allows for this, even though it doesn't prompt you for it by default. You can add a user name to a password file using the `pass edit` command: +我使用不同的用户名称进行不同的上网活动，所以网站的用户名常常和密码同样重要。`pass` 是有这个功能的，即使它默认状态下并不提示你。你可以使用 `pass edit` 命令添加用户名到密码文件： ``` `$ pass edit www.example.com` ``` -This opens a text editor (specifically the editor you have set as your `EDITOR` or `VISUAL` [environment variable][10]) displaying the contents of the `www.example.com` file. Currently, that's just a password, but you can add a user name and even another URL or any information you want. It's an encrypted file, so you're free to keep what you want in it. +这会打开一个编辑器 (特别是你已经设置了你的 `EDITOR` 或者 `VISUAL` [环境变量][10]) 显示 `www.example.com` 文件的内容。目前，那仅仅是一个密码，但是你可以添加用户名甚至网址或者你想要添加的任何信息。它是个加密了的文件，所以你可以把你要放的任何东西放到里边。 ``` @@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ url: example.com ``` -Save the file and close it. +保存文件然后关闭。 -### Get a password from pass +### 从 pass 获取密码 -To see the contents of a password file, use the `pass show` command: +要查看密码文件的内容，使用 `pass show` 命令： ``` @@ -160,11 +160,11 @@ url: [www.example.org][11] ``` -### Search for a password +### 查找密码 -Sometimes it's tough to remember whether a password is filed under `www.example.com` or just `example.com` or even something like `app.example.com`. Furthermore, some website infrastructures use different URLs for different site functions, so you might file a password away under `www.example.com` even though you also use the same login information for the partner site `www.example.org`. +有时候很难记住是否在 `www.example.com` 或者仅仅是 `example.com` 又或者一些类似 `app.example.com` 的网址中填写过密码。此外，一些网站架构使用不同的 URLs 来实现不同的网站功能，所以你可能在 `www.example.com` 网址下填写过密码，你同时也用相同的登录信息在合作网站 `www.example.org` 下使用过密码。 -When in doubt, use `grep`. The `pass grep` command shows all instances of a search term, either in a file name or in the contents of a file: +如果有疑问，使用 `grep` 命令。 `pass grep` 命令显示整个搜索项目的实例，无论是在文件名中还是在文件内容中： ``` @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ url: [www.example.org][11] ``` -### Using pass with a browser +### 在浏览器中使用 pass I use `pass` for information beyond just internet passwords, but websites are where I most often need passwords. I usually have a terminal open somewhere on my computer, so it's not much trouble to **Alt+Tab** to a terminal and get the information I need with `pass`. But that's not what I do because there are plugins to integrate `pass` with web browsers. From ae18161bad77f2d1515e8d37ca9b0308a40ffd56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 05:02:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 20/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220413=20Me?= =?UTF-8?q?et=20Lite=20XL:=20A=20Lightweight,=20Open-Source=20Text=20Edito?= =?UTF-8?q?r=20for=20Linux=20Users?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md --- ...Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md | 115 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 115 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md b/sources/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..acf28d1414 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +[#]: subject: "Meet Lite XL: A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/lite-xl/" +[#]: author: "Marco Carmona https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Meet Lite XL: A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users +====== + +**Brief:** _Are you looking for a new _text editor_ alternative? You should try this lightweight, _simple_, fast, feature-filled, and extremely extensible one._ + +Sure, there are plenty of text editors or code editors that you can use. Some popular ones include Eclipse, [Visual Studio Code][1], [PyCharm][2], [Atom][3], [IntelliJ][4], and [Sublime Text][5]. + +But do you want to try something interesting that’s entirely focused on giving you a minimal experience? + +Meet _**Lite XL**_ editor. + +To be honest, I had no idea about it until last week. But, it managed to surprise me with its **minimalist design** and how **fast it was at coding**, but the most important fact was its similarity with Visual Studio Code. + +So, before everything, let me tell you that if you’re a [Visual Studio Code fan][6], you should absolutely try _**Lite XL**_. It may not be an absolute replacement, but a lite edition of something that resembles the use-case. + +![Showing how Lite XL looks][7] + +### Lite XL: Lightweight Text Editor Written in Lua + +Lite XL is an interesting open-source text editor written in Lua (particularly tailored to build lightweight applications). + +It is available for Windows, Linux, and macOS as well. But, with all the available [modern text editors available][8], why Lite XL? + +![Lite XL Customize Configuration][9] + +Normally, we aren’t concerned about the resources that a text editor can consume on our system most of the time. However, at the time of creating bash, python, or any other type of script, you rely on a text editor, and the more resource-efficient it is, the better. + +Of course, a text editor isn’t as resource-hungry as some other applications. But, if it matters to you, here’s what I observed: + +Lite XL only uses **three megabytes** in your disk and consumes around **twenty megabytes** of physical memory, compared with the almost five hundred fifty megabytes (~550 MB) that Visual Studio Code uses. + +**Can you see this wonderful difference between these similar editors?** + +Not just the resource usage, it is highly customizable as well. + +Note that the resource usage stats can vary for different system configurations. + +### Features of Lite XL + +![][10] + +As per the official information available, some of its most popular features include: + + * __Cross-Platform_:_** It currently works on Windows, Linux, and macOS. + * **Lightweight: ****As we described before, its usage hardly ever exceeds 10 MB in RAM. + * **Extensible**: Being a minimal offering doesn’t mean not being customizable. Lite XL can extend its functionalities thanks to several plugins available, for example, [VSC-like intellisense][11]. + * **Multi-cursor editing**: It’s as wonderful as it sounds, inside Lite XL you can work with multiple cursors. + * **Integrated terminal**: Like Visual Studio Code, Lite XL implements its terminal. + * High DPI display support. + * Additional color themes are available. + * Supports hardware-accelerated rendering. + + + +### How to Install Lite XL in Linux + +Lite XL offers an AppImage file for Linux distributions. You can follow our [AppImage guide][12] to get started. + +You can find the AppImage file on its [GitHub repository][13]. + +Once you head to its GitHub releases section, go directly to the Assets section and download the _**LiteXL_x86_64.Appimage**_ file. + +![Downloading Appimage file][14] + +An AppImage file will be downloaded into your download directory, so, before double-clicking on the file, verify it is allowed to execute as a program. + +![Verifying execution permissions][15] + +That’s right! Now you can double-click on the file and start using _**Lite XL**_ in your system. + +[Lite XL][16] + +If you’re interested in exploring Lite XL, you can get involved in its [GitHub repository][13], visit the official website, or join its [Discord community][17]. + +_What do you prefer to edit text and code? Do you focus on using a lightweight program, or is it irrelevant for your use case? Let me know your thoughts in the comments down below._ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/lite-xl/ + +作者：[Marco Carmona][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/install-visual-studio-code-ubuntu/ +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/install-pycharm-ubuntu/ +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/install-atom-ubuntu/ +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-intellij-ubuntu-linux/ +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/sublime-text-3-linux/ +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/visual-studio-code-vs-atom/ +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/lite-xl-editor-screenshot.png +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/best-modern-open-source-code-editors-for-linux/ +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/lite-xl-screenshot-2.png +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/lite-xl-screnshot-1.png +[11]: https://github.com/lite-xl/lite-xl-lsp +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/use-appimage-linux/ +[13]: https://github.com/lite-xl/lite-xl +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Downloading_Appimage_file-800x447.png +[15]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Verifying_execution_permissions-800x535.png +[16]: https://lite-xl.com/ +[17]: https://discord.gg/RWzqC3nx7K From 576299639bdc7a43d9fa75d8ffe3697af5dd20ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 05:02:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 21/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220412=20Ub?= =?UTF-8?q?untu=20MATE=2022.04=20=E2=80=93=20New=20Features=20and=20Releas?= =?UTF-8?q?e=20Details?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220412 Ubuntu MATE 22.04 - New Features and Release Details.md --- ...2.04 - New Features and Release Details.md | 107 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 107 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220412 Ubuntu MATE 22.04 - New Features and Release Details.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220412 Ubuntu MATE 22.04 - New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/tech/20220412 Ubuntu MATE 22.04 - New Features and Release Details.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e123174e5b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220412 Ubuntu MATE 22.04 - New Features and Release Details.md @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +[#]: subject: "Ubuntu MATE 22.04 – New Features and Release Details" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-mate-22-04-lts/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Ubuntu MATE 22.04 – New Features and Release Details +====== +A LIST OF NEW FEATURES OF THE UBUNTU MATE 22.04 LTS (JAMMY JELLYFISH) +THAT INCLUDES WHAT CHANGED SINCE THE PRIOR LTS RELEASE. +![Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS Desktop][1] + +### Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS – New Features + +Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish” releases on April 21, 2022, with the developers’ two years’ worth of continuous work. + +While looking at the changes in Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS, I was surprised to see the number of changes it brings compared to the other official Ubuntu flavours, excluding KDE Plasms while based on [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][2]. + +The primary reason is that Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS brings the latest , a major version upgrade since Ubuntu MATE 20.04 featuring MATE Desktop 1.24. + +In addition to that, this is a first point release of the MATE desktop environment, which means you are bound to experience the performance boost because bugs and memory leaks are eliminated. + +While trying the available ISO, I felt the is fantastic. It is super fast in terms of responses on the desktop. Thanks to the great work done by the MATE desktop team. + +![Such a nice and clean login screen of Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS][3] + +#### Themes and other changes + +Moreover, this LTS release is the first variant that officially launches the with all the Yaru colour themes plus the native “Chelsea cucumber” green version. And it looks stunning. + +Furthermore, the team also included dark and light app indicators of popular applications in the system tray, which automatically changes appearance when you transition from dark to light theme or vice-versa. + +![MATE variant of Yaru themes][4] + +This release includes three new GNOME applications due to popular demand: . Interestingly, they are GNOME apps based on the 41.0 release and they look stunning in the MATE environment considering they are using GTK4 and libadwaita. + +[][5] + +SEE ALSO:   Pop OS 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Updates + +Besides those, the team included all popular package formats by default in the installation. That means , and you do not need to play around to set them up the first time. + +Finally, this release brings back the message indicators with 22.2.0 in the default installation. Ayatana Indicators now supports backwards compatibility to Ubuntu indicators and doesn’t require additional setup. + +Last but not least, a colossal set of impactful tiny changes, under the hood improvements and application updates makes it one of the most memorable releases from the Ubuntu MATE team. + +### Summary of the changes + +To sum up the essential changes in Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS: + + * Performance boosted and optimized MATE Desktop 1.26.1 + * Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS + * MATE variant of Yaru theme with accent colours + * Automatic dark and light icon switching in the system tray, based on user themes + * MATE Tweak improvements that make the desktop layout switch more effortless than ever + * MATE HUD now supports updated rofi theme engine + * The ISO size is reduced by 41% as the team dropped NVIDIA drivers from the ISO (you can still install via option during setup) + * Three new apps from GNOME: GNOME Clocks, Maps and Weather + * Out of the box support for Flatpak, Snap and AppImage + * Raspberry Pi image will be available post-release + * Firefox 99.0 + * Evolution 3.44 + * LibreOffice 7.3+ + + + +Finally, Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS is now available as a BETA download via the below links. You may want to give it a try before the final release. + + * [ubuntu-mate-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][6] + * [Checksums, torrents and other information][7] + + + +[_Via official changelog._][8] + +* * * + +We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][9], [Twitter][10], [YouTube][11], and [Facebook][12] and never miss an update! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-mate-22-04-lts/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-MATE-22.04-LTS-Desktop-1024x577.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Such-a-nice-and-clean-login-screen-of-Ubuntu-MATE-22.04-LTS.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/MATE-variant-of-Yaru-themes-1024x558.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/pop-os-22-04-lts/ +[6]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-mate/releases/22.04/beta/ubuntu-mate-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso +[7]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-mate/releases/22.04/beta/ +[8]: https://ubuntu-mate.org/blog/ubuntu-mate-jammy-jellyfish-release-notes/ +[9]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[10]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[11]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[12]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From 0e9e8d7966765858104fc5997ade1776418453c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 05:03:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 22/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[news]:=2020220412=20En?= =?UTF-8?q?deavourOS=20Apollo=20Release=20Introduces=20a=20new=20Worm=20Wi?= =?UTF-8?q?ndow=20Manager?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/news/20220412 EndeavourOS Apollo Release Introduces a new Worm Window Manager.md --- ...se Introduces a new Worm Window Manager.md | 105 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 105 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220412 EndeavourOS Apollo Release Introduces a new Worm Window Manager.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220412 EndeavourOS Apollo Release Introduces a new Worm Window Manager.md b/sources/news/20220412 EndeavourOS Apollo Release Introduces a new Worm Window Manager.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e239f2b330 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220412 EndeavourOS Apollo Release Introduces a new Worm Window Manager.md @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +[#]: subject: "EndeavourOS Apollo Release Introduces a new Worm Window Manager" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/endeavouros-apollo-release/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +EndeavourOS Apollo Release Introduces a new Worm Window Manager +====== + +EndeavourOS is an Arch-based distro that focuses on a terminal-centric user experience along with all the other goodies. + +With its latest Apollo release, the EndeavourOS team has made efforts to improve the community editions, resolve some existing issues, and add a new window manager. + +### EndeavourOS Apollo: What’s New? + +The most significant changes include a brand-new Window Manager “Worm” and having FirewallD installed (and enabled) by default. + +Let us take a brief look at the changes along with other improvements. + +#### New Worm Window Manager + +![][1] + +Worm is a lightweight window manager developed by one of the community editions team members (Codic12). It is written in [Nim][2]. + +Presently, it is based on X11 and does not support Wayland. + +The window manager focuses on performance while being able to work with floating/tiling modes with essential window decorations that include minimize, maximize, and close buttons. + +The layout can even operate nicely on a semi-embedded device like Pi Zero. + +#### Linux Kernel 5.17 + +[Linux Kernel 5.17][3] is all about supporting next-gen hardware. If you are looking to try an Arch-based distro on the latest hardware configuration, EndeavourOS should be a nice option to start with. + +#### FirewallD Installed and Enabled + +![][4] + +While not everyone appreciates having a firewall enabled by default, with the latest Apollo release, EndeavourOS will have it baked in and active after installation. + +#### New Quickstart App + +![][5] + +A GUI app to launch after the first boot (quickstart) was added to help you choose/install common and helpful apps. + +It provides the selection of applications using the Arch repo and not the [AUR][6]. + +#### A New Nvidia Driver Installer + +The existing nvidia-installer-dkms app was rewritten as an improved command-line tool to make the process easier and more efficient. + +The tool is still in its beta phase, but it is a good addition for users with Nvidia graphics. + +#### Improvements to the Installer + +Various improvements to the installation process were made, like the addition of an internet check before installation, a fix for DE selection, and more technical work to improve the experience. + +#### Other Improvements + +![][7] + +Along with the key highlights, there are plenty of important fixes and changes that include: + + * Disable Bluetooth by default, but active in the Live environment. + * Applying compression on installed files for btrfs. + * Community editions with dedicated display manager, including Light DM, Slick greeter, Lxdm, ly, and GDM. + * Automatically choosing the closest EndeavourOS mirror. + + + +You can learn more about the latest release in their [official announcement][8]. + +### Download EndeavourOS Apollo + +The latest ISO is available on their official website. You can head to the [downloa][9][d][9] [page][9] and get the ISO from one of the mirrors available. + +[EndeavourOS][9] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/endeavouros-apollo-release/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3NiIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+ +[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nim_(programming_language) +[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-17-release/ +[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY3OSIgd2lkdGg9IjkwMiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= +[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU4MyIgd2lkdGg9Ijk2MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/ +[7]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUyNCIgd2lkdGg9Ijg1NCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= +[8]: https://endeavouros.com/news/the-apollo-release-has-landed/ +[9]: https://endeavouros.com/latest-release/ From f95c246c7240821740893688168cd2d50a74dd7a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Xingyu.Wang" Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 08:56:21 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 23/94] Rename sources/tech/20220412 Ubuntu MATE 22.04 - New Features and Release Details.md to sources/news/20220412 Ubuntu MATE 22.04 - New Features and Release Details.md --- ...220412 Ubuntu MATE 22.04 - New Features and Release Details.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename sources/{tech => news}/20220412 Ubuntu MATE 22.04 - New Features and Release Details.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220412 Ubuntu MATE 22.04 - New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/news/20220412 Ubuntu MATE 22.04 - New Features and Release Details.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/20220412 Ubuntu MATE 22.04 - New Features and Release Details.md rename to sources/news/20220412 Ubuntu MATE 22.04 - New Features and Release Details.md From d8c61bc2e83625482292c51bd7d7af530aa517b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 09:14:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 24/94] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14466-1.html --- ...rive Alternative That You Can Self-Host.md | 50 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220402 Peergos- An Open-Source Google Drive Alternative That You Can Self-Host.md (70%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220402 Peergos- An Open-Source Google Drive Alternative That You Can Self-Host.md b/published/20220402 Peergos- An Open-Source Google Drive Alternative That You Can Self-Host.md similarity index 70% rename from translated/tech/20220402 Peergos- An Open-Source Google Drive Alternative That You Can Self-Host.md rename to published/20220402 Peergos- An Open-Source Google Drive Alternative That You Can Self-Host.md index e8dc9239f7..f64ef4d7c0 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220402 Peergos- An Open-Source Google Drive Alternative That You Can Self-Host.md +++ b/published/20220402 Peergos- An Open-Source Google Drive Alternative That You Can Self-Host.md @@ -3,40 +3,38 @@ [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14466-1.html" -Peergos：一个可以自我托管的开源 Google Drive 替代品 +Peergos：一个可以自行托管的开源 Google 云端硬盘替代品 ====== -Google Drive 是最受欢迎的云存储服务之一。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/13/091252bdnqkkh7rk0mkv7m.jpg) -而且，由于正当的原因，它提供了灵活的定价、区域定价和许多其他优势。 +Google 云端硬盘Google Drive 是最受欢迎的云存储服务之一。而且，由于合理的原因，它提供了灵活的定价、区域定价和许多其他优势。 不幸的是，它不提供端对端加密。此外，它不是一个开源的产品。 -那么，我们是否有一个开源的 Google Drive 的替代品？ +那么，我们是否有开源的 Google 云端硬盘的替代品？ -当然，有[免费的云存储服务][1]，但它们不是开源的，也不是完全安全/私密的。 +当然，有 [免费的云存储服务][1]，但它们不是开源的，也不是完全安全/私密的。 不用担心，我们有一个优秀的开源解决方案，即 **Peergos**。 -### Peergos: 一个带有迷你社交网络平台的点对点开源云存储服务 +### Peergos：一个带有迷你社交网络平台的点对点开源云存储服务 ![][2] -[Peergos][3] 不仅仅是 Google Drive 的一个普通替代品。也不仅仅是一个私人网络存储平台。 +[Peergos][3] 不仅仅是 Google 云端硬件的一个普通替代品，也不仅仅是一个私人网络存储平台。 -有了 Peergos，你会得到一个建立在 [IPFS协议][4]（点对点）之上的端到端加密的私人网络空间。 - -使用这样的协议使它成为一个去中心化的存储平台，可以抵抗审查制度。 +有了 Peergos，你会得到一个建立在 [IPFS 协议][4]（点对点）之上的端到端加密的私人网络空间。使用这样的协议使它成为一个去中心化的存储平台。 不仅限于其安全/隐私，你还可以使用新闻源在平台上与你的朋友进行社交。 例如，你上传照片并与你的朋友分享，其他用户（你的朋友）可以在他们的新闻源中看到它们，并像社交媒体平台一样互动。 -你还可以添加待办事项，组织一个日历，并根据需要与合作者/朋友分享。 +你还可以添加待办事项，组织日历，并根据需要与合作者/朋友分享。 换句话说，你也可以把 Pergos 视为 [Nextcloud][5] 在某种程度上的替代品。 @@ -53,22 +51,20 @@ Google Drive 是最受欢迎的云存储服务之一。 * 端对端加密存储。 * 能够分享你的照片、视频和文件。 * 如果需要，生成链接让其他用户下载你的文件。 - * 保持你的活动隐私，不记录你的使用情况。 + * 保持你的活动私密，不记录你的使用情况。 * 你可以自我托管 Peergos，让你完全控制。 - * 私人元数据，保持你的联系人列表、文件大小、目录结构和其他信息的隐蔽性。 + * 私有元数据，保持你的联系人列表、文件大小、目录结构和其他信息的隐蔽性。 * 提供一个去中心化的存储，你可以无缝访问。 - * 开源并经过审计。 + * 开源，并经过审计。 * 社交媒体网络能力。 * 待办事项列表和任务管理。 * 协作功能。 * 支持 Markdown。 * 查看 PDF 文件的能力。 * 访问日历，创建和组织事件。 - * 网站目录，如果你自我托管，可以使用个性化的 URL 或本地端口访问。 + * 网站目录，如果你自行托管，可以使用个性化的 URL 或本地端口访问。 - - -Peergos 是一个功能丰富的产品，可以让你存储你的文件，而不用担心信任公司的问题。 +Peergos 是一个功能丰富的产品，可以让你存储你的文件，而不用担心对公司的信任问题。 虽然它不是完全匿名的，但 Pergos 作为一项服务不会记录你的任何信息。 @@ -76,7 +72,7 @@ Peergos 是一个功能丰富的产品，可以让你存储你的文件，而不 ### 开始使用 Pergos -你需要[注册][7]（云选项）或按照其 [GitHub 页面][8]中的说明自行托管它。 +你需要 [注册][7]（云选项）或按照其 [GitHub 页面][8] 中的说明自行托管它。 ![][9] @@ -90,17 +86,17 @@ Peergos 是一个功能丰富的产品，可以让你存储你的文件，而不 ![][11] -它支持黑暗模式，所以你可以随时切换它。可用的共享选项应该足以满足各种合作的需要。 +它支持深色模式，所以你可以随时切换它。可用的共享选项应该足以满足各种合作的需要。 使用组来控制对共享文件的访问是一个有趣的想法。 ![][12] -[Peergos][3] +> - 访问 [Peergos][3] -### 最后的想法 +### 总结 -Peergos 是一个独特的产品，你可以自行托管。它是开源的，并为隐私爱好者提供了所有的好东西来存储文件和安全地进行合作。 +Peergos 是一个独特的产品，你可以自行托管。它是开源的，并为隐私爱好者提供了所有好东西来存储文件和安全地进行合作。 云服务可能因其免费存储空间少而不具吸引力。但是，如果你真的喜欢这个概念，你可以选择升级到一个具有更多存储空间的高级计划。 @@ -113,7 +109,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/peergos/ 作者：[Ankush Das][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 684ad7b5d325b26c90b56f4a76225a13231d50a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 09:39:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 25/94] Translated 20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md This post is translated by lkxed. --- ...7 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md | 108 ------------------ ...7 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md | 108 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 108 insertions(+), 108 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md b/sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7e4b84f94d..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/18/11/gitbase" -[#]: author: "Francesc Campoy https://opensource.com/users/francesc/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL -====== -Gitbase is a Go-powered open source project that allows SQL queries to be run on Git repositories. -![][1] -Image by: Jason Baker. CC BY-SA 4.0. - -Git has become the de-facto standard for code versioning, but its popularity didn't remove the complexity of performing deep analyses of the history and contents of source code repositories. - -SQL, on the other hand, is a battle-tested language to query large codebases as its adoption by projects like Spark and BigQuery shows. - -So it is just logical that at source{d} we chose these two technologies to create gitbase: the code-as-data solution for large-scale analysis of git repositories with SQL. - -[Gitbase][2] is a fully open source project that stands on the shoulders of a series of giants which made its development possible, this article aims to point out the main ones. - -![][3] - -The [gitbase playground][4] provides a visual way to use gitbase. - -### Parsing SQL with Vitess - -Gitbase's user interface is SQL. This means we need to be able to parse and understand the SQL requests that arrive through the network following the MySQL protocol. Fortunately for us, this was already implemented by our friends at YouTube and their [Vitess][5] project. Vitess is a database clustering system for horizontal scaling of MySQL. - -We simply grabbed the pieces of code that mattered to us and made it into an [open source project][6] that allows anyone to write a MySQL server in minutes (as I showed in my [justforfunc][7] episode [CSVQL—serving CSV with SQL][8]). - -### Reading git repositories with go-git - -Once we've parsed a request we still need to find how to answer it by reading the git repositories in our dataset. For this, we integrated source{d}'s most successful repository [go-git][9]. Go-git is a highly extensible Git implementation in pure Go. - -This allowed us to easily analyze repositories stored on disk as [siva][10] files (again an open source project by source{d}) or simply cloned with git clone. - -### Detecting languages with enry and parsing files with babelfish - -Gitbase does not stop its analytic power at the git history. By integrating language detection with our (obviously) open source project [enry][11] and program parsing with [babelfish][12]. Babelfish is a self-hosted server for universal source code parsing, turning code files into Universal Abstract Syntax Trees (UASTs) - -These two features are exposed in gitbase as the user functions LANGUAGE and UAST. Together they make requests like "find the name of the function that was most often modified during the last month" possible. - -### Making it go fast - -Gitbase analyzes really large datasets—e.g. Public Git Archive, with 3TB of source code from GitHub ([announcement][13]) and in order to do so every CPU cycle counts. - -This is why we integrated two more projects into the mix: Rubex and Pilosa. - -### Speeding up regular expressions with Rubex and Oniguruma - -[Rubex][14] is a quasi-drop-in replacement for Go's regexp standard library package. I say quasi because they do not implement the LiteralPrefix method on the regexp.Regexp type, but I also had never heard about that method until right now. - -Rubex gets its performance from the highly optimized C library [Oniguruma][15] which it calls using [cgo][16]. - -### Speeding up queries with Pilosa indexes - -Indexes are a well-known feature of basically every relational database, but Vitess does not implement them since it doesn't really need to. - -But again open source came to the rescue with [Pilosa][17], a distributed bitmap index implemented in Go which made gitbase usable on massive datasets. Pilosa is an open source, distributed bitmap index that dramatically accelerates queries across multiple, massive datasets. - -### Conclusion - -I'd like to use this blog post to personally thank the open source community that made it possible for us to create gitbase in such a shorter period that anyone would have expected. At source{d} we are firm believers in open source and every single line of code under github.com/src-d (including our OKRs and investor board) is a testament to that. - -Would you like to give gitbase a try? The fastest and easiest way is with source{d} Engine. Download it from sourced.tech/engine and get gitbase running with a single command! - -Want to know more? Check out the recording of my talk at the [Go SF meetup][18]. - -![][19] - -The article was [originally published][20] on Medium and is republished here with permission. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/18/11/gitbase - -作者：[Francesc Campoy][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/francesc/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/ -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/bus_cloud_database.png -[2]: https://github.com/src-d/gitbase -[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gitbase.png -[4]: https://github.com/src-d/gitbase-web -[5]: https://github.com/vitessio/vitess -[6]: https://github.com/src-d/go-mysql-server -[7]: http://justforfunc.com/ -[8]: https://youtu.be/bcRDXAraprk -[9]: https://github.com/src-d/go-git -[10]: https://github.com/src-d/siva -[11]: https://github.com/src-d/enry -[12]: https://github.com/bblfsh/bblfshd -[13]: https://blog.sourced.tech/post/announcing-pga/ -[14]: https://github.com/moovweb/rubex -[15]: https://github.com/kkos/oniguruma -[16]: https://golang.org/cmd/cgo/ -[17]: https://github.com/pilosa/pilosa -[18]: https://www.meetup.com/golangsf/events/251690574/ -[19]: https://youtu.be/OXL2KxOTmBQ -[20]: https://medium.com/sourcedtech/gitbase-exploring-git-repos-with-sql-95ec0986386c diff --git a/translated/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md b/translated/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..64c65ee3f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +[#]: subject: "Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/18/11/gitbase" +[#]: author: "Francesc Campoy https://opensource.com/users/francesc/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Gitbase: 使用 SQL 探索 Git 仓库 +====== +Gitbase 是一个由 Go 驱动的开源项目，它使得我们可以在 Git 仓库上运行 SQL 查询。 +![][1] +图源：Jason Baker，遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 国际协议。 + +Git 已经成为了代码版本控制的事实标准。虽然 Git 已经很流行了，但想用它来对源代码仓库的历史和内容进行深度分析，仍然是一件复杂的事情。 + +另一方面，SQL 则是一个经过实际检验、适合查询大型代码库的的语言，毕竟 Spark 和 BigQuery 等项目都采用了 SQL 作为查询语言。 + +因此，在 source{d}，我们顺理成章地结合了这两种技术来创建 gitbase：一个用 SQL 对 git 仓库进行大规模分析的“代码即数据”解决方案。 + +[Gitbase][2] 是一个完全开源的项目，它站在一系列巨人的肩膀上，是它们使 Gitbase 的发展成为可能。本文旨在指出其中的主要部分。 + +![][3] + +[gitbase playground][4] 提供了一种可视化的方式来使用 gitbase。 + +### 使用 Vitess 解析 SQL + +Gitbase 把 SQL 作为用户接口。这意味着我们需要解析基于 MySQL 协议传输的 SQL 请求，并理解它们。幸运的是，我们在 YouTube 的朋友和他们的 [Vitess][5] 项目已经实现了这一点。Vitess 是一个数据库集群系统，用于 MySQL 的水平扩展。 + +我们直接截取一些重要的代码片段，并把它做成了一个[开源项目][6]。这个项目允许任何人在几分钟内编写一个 MySQL 服务器（正如我在 [justforfunc][7] 的专题：[CSVQL-用 SQL 服务 CSV][8]中所展示的那样）。 + +### 用 go-git 读取 git 储存库 + +当成功解析了一个请求，我们还需要读取数据集里的 git 仓库，才能够知道该如何回复它。为此，我们集成了 source{d} 最成功的仓库 [go-git][9]。Go-git 是一个高度可扩展的纯 Go 语言的 Git 实现。 + +这使得我们能够轻松地分析存储在磁盘上的源代码仓库，它们通常是 [siva][10] 文件（它也是一个 source{d} 的开源项目），或是直接使用 git clone 克隆的仓库。 + +### 使用 enry 检测编程语言，使用 babelfish 解析文件 + +Gitbase 并没有将其分析能力局限于 git 历史记录上。它还使用我们的开源项目 [enry][11] 集成了语言检测功能，并使用 [babelfish][12] 实现了程序解析的功能。Babelfish 是一个用于通用源代码解析的自托管服务器，它可以将代码文件转化为通用抽象语法树（UAST）Abstract Syntax Trees。 + +这两个功能在 gitbase 中被暴露为用户函数 `LANGUAGE` 和 `UAST`。结合使用两个函数，许多查询请求都成为了可能，比如“找到上个月修改次数最多的函数名称”。 + +### 让它快速运行 + +Gitbase 经常要分析非常大的数据集，比如公共 Git 档案，其中有来自 GitHub 的 3TB 源代码（[公告][13]）。为了做到这一点，每个 CPU 周期都很重要。 + +这就是为什么我们又集成了另外两个项目：Rubex 和 Pilosa。 + +### 使用 Rubex 和 Oniguruma 加快正则表达式的速度 + +[Rubex][14] 是 Go 的 `regexp` 标准库包的一个准替代品。之所以还不能完成替代，是因为他们没有在 `regexp.Regexp` 类型上实现 `LiteralPrefix` 方法，不过我也是直到现在才听说这个方法。 + +Rubex 的高性能得归功于高度优化的 C 语言库 [Oniguruma][15]，它使用 [cgo][16] 来调用这个库。 + +### 使用 Pilosa 索引加快查询速度 + +索引基本上是每个关系型数据库的众所周知的特性，但 Vitess 却没有实现索引，因为它不是真正需要。 + +还好开源的 [Pilosa][17] 再一次拯救了我们，它是一个用 Go 实现的分布式位图索引，使得 gitbase 可以用于大规模的数据集。Pilosa 是一个开源的分布式位图索引，它极大地加快了对多个海量数据集的查询。 + +### 总结 + +我想通过这篇博文，亲自感谢开源社区，是他们让我们在如此短的时间内创建了 gitbase，这是谁也没想到的。在 source{d}，我们是开源的坚定信仰者，`github.com/src-d` 下的每一行代码（包括我们的 OKRs 和投资者委员会）都可以证明这一点。 + +你想尝试一下 gitbase 吗？最快、最简单的方法就是使用 source{d} 引擎。从 `sourced.tech/engine` 下载它，只需一个命令就能让 gitbase 运行起来。 + +想了解更多吗？请查看我在 [Go SF meetup][18] 的演讲录音。 + +![][19] + +这篇文章 [最初发表在][20] Medium 上，经授权后在此重新发布。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/18/11/gitbase + +作者：[Francesc Campoy][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/francesc/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/ +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/bus_cloud_database.png +[2]: https://github.com/src-d/gitbase +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gitbase.png +[4]: https://github.com/src-d/gitbase-web +[5]: https://github.com/vitessio/vitess +[6]: https://github.com/src-d/go-mysql-server +[7]: http://justforfunc.com/ +[8]: https://youtu.be/bcRDXAraprk +[9]: https://github.com/src-d/go-git +[10]: https://github.com/src-d/siva +[11]: https://github.com/src-d/enry +[12]: https://github.com/bblfsh/bblfshd +[13]: https://blog.sourced.tech/post/announcing-pga/ +[14]: https://github.com/moovweb/rubex +[15]: https://github.com/kkos/oniguruma +[16]: https://golang.org/cmd/cgo/ +[17]: https://github.com/pilosa/pilosa +[18]: https://www.meetup.com/golangsf/events/251690574/ +[19]: https://youtu.be/OXL2KxOTmBQ +[20]: https://medium.com/sourcedtech/gitbase-exploring-git-repos-with-sql-95ec0986386c From 41c128b197854d03dbf6f5fa3ba94465e5ce16cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: aREversez <53844261+aREversez@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 09:46:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 26/94] Update and rename sources/tech/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md to translated/tech/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md --- ...u vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md | 287 ------------------ ...u vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md | 287 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 287 insertions(+), 287 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md b/sources/tech/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md deleted file mode 100644 index eb47fb7aab..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,287 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Ubuntu vs Arch: Which Linux Distro is better?" -[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-vs-arch/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "aREversez" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Ubuntu vs Arch: Which Linux Distro is better? -====== - -Ubuntu and Arch Linux offer entirely different desktop experiences.  - -It is often tough to choose one of them as your daily driver, especially when you cannot ignore the [benefits of Arch Linux][1] and Ubuntu. - -They are both incredible choices for what they are. But, how do you choose what is best between these two? - -Here, I highlight various differences between Ubuntu and Arch Linux that can help you decide. - -![][2] - -### 1\. Targeted Users - -Arch Linux aims to provide a **Do-It-Yourself (DIY)** experience to tinkerers looking to customize various elements of their Linux system. - -Things like building packages to customizing the desktop, everything counts.  - -The out-of-the-box experience depends on the user who [installs and sets up Arch Linux][3]. Hence, it can easily cater to users looking for different packages, desktop environments, and more. - -On the other hand, Ubuntu targets users who want a **hassle-free pre-configured setup** for their Linux system. - -These users want essential tools installed, ensuring it all works as it is supposed to. In other words, the user gets an ideal desktop experience without worrying about setting it up. - -Ubuntu does not want users to put more effort into improving their experience. Instead, they present it as they think would suit most users. - -### 2\. Installation - -Undoubtedly, Ubuntu provides a more straightforward installation method, given that you get a GUI to help install it to your desktop. - -![][4] - -You can even [install a GUI on the Ubuntu server][5] if you want. - -With Arch Linux, you will have to rely on the terminal (or the command-line) to complete the installation. - -![][6] - -Fortunately, [Arch Linux now has a guided installer][7], which makes it easier to follow through installing Arch Linux via the terminal. - -![][8] - -Still, Ubuntu takes the lead with the convenience. - -### 3\. Desktop Experience - -![][9] - -Ubuntu is tailored to **provide convenience** to its users. To achieve that, Canonical provides a customized GNOME desktop environment experience to make things easy. - -While you may not get the same level of customization that KDE Plasma provides, you still have plenty of options, to begin with. If you are curious, you may check out our [KDE vs GNOME comparison][10] for more details. - -Ubuntu also takes regular user experience feedback from its users and tries its best to offer the best workflow/productivity. - -Arch Linux focuses **more on functionality**, and other technical aspects, over the desktop user experience. The end-user experience entirely depends on how you set things up when installing Arch Linux on your system. - -You will have to rely on what the desktop environment offers out-of-the-box; there are no custom-made improvements for you. If you want something different, you will have to tweak things to make it happen. - -![Arch Linux with GNOME][11] - -However, the ability to opt for KDE Plasma, GNOME, or any [other desktop environment][12] can give you some advantages as per your preferences. - -Not only that, but you can also choose window tiling managers when installing Arch Linux. - -Overall, with Ubuntu, you get a particular type of desktop experience offered to every user, with little to no ability to customize it. - -But, Arch Linux gives you the **freedom to define how you want the desktop experience**. Note that this might be a good thing for experienced Linux users. But, if you are new to Linux, this can be overwhelming. - -### 4\. File System - -Most users do not need to worry about the file system used by their Linux distribution. - -Hence, Ubuntu sticks with **ext4** for its file system, a robust file system with all the essentials needed for a modern computing experience. - -However, if you want to choose a different file system for various benefits over the most-commonly used **ext4**, Arch Linux can come in handy. - -![][13] - -You can choose between btrfs, ext4, xfs, and f2fs. The benefits of these file systems are beyond the scope of this article, but make sure that you know what you are doing if selecting anything else over **ext4**. - -### 5\. App Ecosystem - -Ubuntu offers support for a wide range of applications. Undoubtedly, this is why [most of the popular Linux distributions][14] are based on Ubuntu. - -![][15] - -And, keeping its popularity in mind, various tools primarily support Ubuntu among other Linux distributions. - -Not just the choices of apps/packages, but it is also effortless to install packages available for Ubuntu. You can install packages through its official repositories, use PPAs, or its software center (with Snap integration). - -While it does not have [Flatpak][16] built-in, you can [set it up to install apps from Flathub][17]. - -Arch Linux also gets you access to countless applications through its official repositories. - -However, some app developers may not officially support Arch Linux compared to Ubuntu. - -Additionally, you will notice that you need to utilize [pacman to install/manage packages][18]. The GUI to install/manage applications will depend on the desktop environment you select to install. - -![][19] - -For instance, you can access GNOME’s software center if you install GNOME. And, Discover for KDE Plasma. - -You will have no Snap or Flatpak integration built-in, so you must set it up as required. - -To get access to more packages, you can use [AUR][20]. Note that it features community-builds for packages and may not be officially recommended for everything. - -![][21] - -Despite that, it is often considered a strong point for Arch Linux because the number of packages offered overall could be more extensive than what Ubuntu features. - -You can use some [AUR helpers][22] to improve the experience. - -Overall, if you want a single portal to easily manage/install software, Ubuntu - -### 6\. Minimal vs Bloat Experience - -This is purely based on preferences. Just because Arch Linux lets you control everything when you set it up, you can choose to install a minimum number of packages. - -In contrast, Ubuntu comes pre-installed with several utilities. For some, Ubuntu can come in handy for the presence of valuable tools. - -![][23] - -Of course, you can uninstall packages that you do not need. - -However, some users might find it unnecessary (or bloat). - -So, you will need to decide if you want the necessary tools pre-installed (Ubuntu) or prefer a distro that lets you install only the tools you need (Arch) without any bloat. - -### 7\. Freedom to Choose vs Restrictions - -![Arch Linux \(Neofetch\)][24] - -As I mentioned, Arch Linux lets you control everything; it gives you plenty of freedom to customize your experience. - -Not just limited to the desktop environment or tiling window managers, but more. - -For instance, you can select the preferred audio server between PulseAudio and pipewire. - -You can also choose a specific Linux Kernel, like a hardened version for additional security, a zen variant for an enhanced experience, or the LTS version of the Linux Kernel. - -In contrast, Ubuntu sticks to the Linux Kernel, which has been thoroughly tested and uses PulseAudio as audio server by default (at the time of writing this). - -Ultimately, what you want will influence what’s best for you. - -### 8\. Community Support - -Ubuntu, with its vast user base offers massive community support. There are numerous forums/portals to guide Ubuntu users and help troubleshoot issues. - -![itsfoss community][25] - -You can also ask around the forums (including our [It’s FOSS community][26]), to get quick help. - -Arch Linux does not offer that kind of community support, given its userbase. However, the Arch Linux wiki provides excellent documentation on almost everything to compensate for that. - -![arch wiki][27] - -[Arch Linux wiki][28] is probably one of the most extensive documentation if you want to explore yourself. - -### 9\. Release Schedule - -Ubuntu offers a [Long-Term Support version][29] that receives minor updates for five years or more (for enterprises). - -![][30] - -It also provides non-LTS versions that receive updates for about nine months while having a new release available every six months. The non-LTS version suits users who want the latest updates/packages, with potentially significant changes with every upgrade. - -The LTS version is better suited for users who do not want experience-breaking changes with every update. - -For more information, you can explore our resource on [Ubuntu’s release cycles and end of life][31]. - -Arch Linux does not bother with any of these; instead, it relies on a [rolling-release schedule][32]. You receive updates as they come, whether it’s minor/major. - -![][33] - -This ensures that you are using the latest and greatest packages all the time. This can sometimes be a good thing, but it can be inconvenient for some users when it breaks something. - -### 10\. Hardware Compatibility - -![][34] - -Ubuntu is a popular distribution aimed at desktops. So, it is tested for compatibility with a range of hardware before releasing a version. - -So, it is safe to say that **Ubuntu offers good hardware compatibility out of the box**. - -In the case of Arch Linux, it does not get tested as extensively as Ubuntu. So, it may/may not work with the hardware you have. - -However, just because it features the latest and greatest Linux Kernel packages, it could prove to work better than Ubuntu in some cases. - -If you are confused about the compatibility of your hardware, I would suggest asking around to make sure that there are no known issues with the system you want to run Arch Linux. - -With Ubuntu, everything works unless you have bleeding-edge tech. - -### 11\. Stability - -If you do not need your distro to fail or encounter an error, **Ubuntu should be a better choice**. - -In the case of Arch Linux, the answer is not straightforward, and it can work well or go down with an update. - -Arch Linux is not inherently stable, and you need to maintain it yourself to ensure that nothing breaks with customization and updates. - -### Final Thoughts: What Should You Pick? - -Keeping stability, compatibility, app ecosystem, and the learning curve in mind, Ubuntu is perfectly suitable for anyone who wants to get things done on their computer instead of tweaking the experience. - -Arch Linux comes on top for users looking to customize their desktop experience to suit their workflow and choose to have some of the latest and greatest stuff. - -Arch Linux can be an exciting experience if you are looking for an adventure, but overwhelming for some compared to Ubuntu. - -So, considering all that, **what do you think you will choose?** Let me know your thoughts in the comments below. - -### Frequently Asked Questions: If You Still Haven’t Picked One - -Some of you still might have questions to come up with a conclusion, here’s an FAQ to address that: - -**Is Arch Better than Ubuntu?** - -Yes, and no. Arch Linux is technically better, but you also need to think about its stability, app ecosystem, and the learning curve to maintain it. So, you need to re-evaluate the answer to this question based on your preferences. - -**Which is faster, Ubuntu or Arch?** - -Arch Linux, with a minimal installation setup. But, the answer will change as per your configuration. - -Note that Ubuntu is not noticeably slower, but just because it includes more packages out of the box, some might find it bloated. - -**Should I switch to Arch Linux from Ubuntu?** - -If you want to tweak your experience, and want the latest/greatest packages all the time without worrying about stability, Arch Linux is your friend. - -If you think that you just need the essentials to carry out the tasks on your PC, Ubuntu should suffice. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-vs-arch/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[aREversez](https://github.com/aREversez) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/why-arch-linux/ -[2]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-vs-arch.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1 -[3]: https://itsfoss.com/install-arch-linux/ -[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/try-ubuntu-install-ubuntu.jpeg?resize=800%2C530&ssl=1 -[5]: https://itsfoss.com/install-gui-ubuntu-server/ -[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-linux-boot-menu-install.png?resize=635%2C481&ssl=1 -[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/arch-new-guided-installer/ -[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-install-terminal.png?resize=800%2C279&ssl=1 -[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-20-04-ux.jpg?resize=800%2C407&ssl=1 -[10]: https://itsfoss.com/kde-vs-gnome/ -[11]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-linux-gnome.png?resize=732%2C413&ssl=1 -[12]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-desktop-environment/ -[13]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-linux-filesystem.png?resize=800%2C149&ssl=1 -[14]: https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-distributions/ -[15]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-software-center.png?resize=800%2C574&ssl=1 -[16]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-flatpak/ -[17]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/ -[18]: https://itsfoss.com/pacman-command/ -[19]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-install-terminal-software.png?resize=763%2C431&ssl=1 -[20]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/ -[21]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/sky-aur-install.png?resize=800%2C560&ssl=1 -[22]: https://itsfoss.com/best-aur-helpers/ -[23]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-utilities.png?resize=800%2C520&ssl=1 -[24]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-linux-neofetch.png?resize=800%2C533&ssl=1 -[25]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/itsfoss-community.jpg?resize=800%2C580&ssl=1 -[26]: https://itsfoss.community/ -[27]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-wiki.png?resize=800%2C332&ssl=1 -[28]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/ -[29]: https://itsfoss.com/long-term-support-lts/ -[30]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-info.png?resize=800%2C595&ssl=1 -[31]: https://itsfoss.com/end-of-life-ubuntu/ -[32]: https://itsfoss.com/rolling-release/ -[33]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-info.png?resize=800%2C573&ssl=1 -[34]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/hardware-compatibility-illustration.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1 diff --git a/translated/tech/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md b/translated/tech/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f103eefb08 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md @@ -0,0 +1,287 @@ +[#]: subject: "Ubuntu vs Arch: Which Linux Distro is better?" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-vs-arch/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "aREversez" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Ubuntu vs Arch: 孰优孰劣？ +====== + +Ubuntu 与 Arch Linux 为用户提供了完全不同的桌面体验。 + +在两者之间做出选择，实在让人左右为难，尤其是在既想体验 [Arch Linux 的亮点][1] 又想保留 Ubuntu Linux 的优势的情况下。 + +两种发行版本身都是用户的绝佳选择。不过，如何从两者中选出最佳的一种呢？ + +在这篇文章中，我将从各方面介绍 Ubuntu 和 Arch Linux 的不同之处，希望可以帮助你解决这一选择难题。 + +![][2] + +### 1、目标用户 + +Arch Linux 旨在为那些喜欢鼓捣喜欢折腾的用户提供 **DIY** 体验，自定义 Linux 系统的各种元素。 + +比如，构建软件包，用以自定义桌面。 + +这种开箱即用的体验取决于 [安装设置了 Arch Linux][3] 的用户。所以，Arch Linux 可以轻易迎合寻找不同包以及桌面环境等元素的用户。 + +而另一方面，Ubuntu 的目标用户是那些想使用**操作方便，预先配置好的** Linux 系统。 + +这类用户希望系统预装基础工具，确保一切都会按照预期进行。换言之，他们想要的是一个理想的系统，无需担心设置问题。 + +Ubuntu 也不希望用户花费大把时间来提升自己的体验，所以它选择以满足绝大多数用户的需求为基准。 + +### 2、安装 + +不得不说，Ubuntu 提供了简洁直观的安装方式，因为它提供的 GUI 大大方便了软件安装。 + +![][4] + +如果有需要，你甚至可以 [在 Ubuntu 服务器上安装一个 GUI][5]。 + +但要安装 Arch Linux，你就不得不使用终端（命令行）。 + +![][6] + +还好，[Arch Linux 现在有了安装指导][7] 可以参考，这使得通过终端安装 Arch Linux 变得更加容易了。 + +![][8] + +当然，还是 Ubuntu 的安装更为方便一些。 + +### 3、桌面体验 + +![][9] + +Ubuntu 旨在**方便用户**。为此，Ubuntu 项目的领导者 Canonical 公司提供了自定义的 GNOME 桌面环境体验。 + +尽管你可能无法像在 KDE Plasma 上那样自由地定制桌面，你依然可以有很多其他选择。感兴趣的话，可以点击了解 [KDE vs GNOME][10]。 + +Ubuntu 也会定期收集用户体验反馈信息，尽可能地帮助用户提高工作效率。 + +Arch Linux **更加关注功能** 以及其他技术方面，而不是用户的桌面体验。用户体验完全取决于用户在安装 Arch Linux 时是如何设置的。 + +使用 Arch Linux 时，你能依赖的只有桌面环境提供的开箱即用工具，没有为用户量身定制的改进。如果你想体验一些不一样的东西，你就必须对系统加以调整。 + +![Arch Linux with GNOME][11] + +不过，好在 Arch Linux 允许用户选择 KDE Plasma, GNOME, 或者 [其他桌面环境][12]，所以你可以充分利用这一优势，根据自己的喜好来选择桌面环境。 + +不仅如此，在安装 Arch Linux 时，你还可以选择平铺式窗口管理器。 + +总体来说，如果使用 Ubuntu，你的桌面体验和其他用户的体验别无二致，因为 Ubuntu 可以自定义的元素极少。 + +相反，如果使用 Arch Linux，你就可以**自由定义桌面体验**。但请注意，这可能只适合 Linux 老手，如果你刚开始使用 Linux，恐怕做起来比较困难。 + +### 4、文件系统 + +大多数用户不会在意 Linux 发行版的文件系统。 + +因此，Ubuntu 坚持使用 **ext4** 作为文件系统。ext4 具有现代计算机所需的全部基本功能，是一种非常优秀的最常见的文件系统。 + +如果你不想使用 **ext4**，而想选择具备其他各种优势的文件系统，那么你可以考虑 Arch Linux。 + +![][13] + +你可以选择 btrfs, ext4, xfs, 或者 f2fs。针对这些文件系统的优势，本文不再详述，但是如果你选择 **ext4** 之外的文件系统，你需要确保知道自己要做些什么。 + +### 5、软件生态 + +Ubuntu 支持的软件更多，因此 [绝大多数 Linux 主流发行版][14] 都是基于 Ubuntu 的。 + +![][15] + +相应地，许多工具在开发时也是首先支持 Ubuntu，而后才是其他发行版本。 + +此外，在 Ubuntu 上安装软件包也非常容易。你可以通过 Ubuntu 官方仓库安装软件包，也可以使用 PPA，或者是软件中心（包括 Snap 应用）。 + +也可以使用 [Flatpak][16] 来安装软件。如果你的 Ubuntu 没有 Flatpak，你可以 [前往 Flathub 安装它][17]。 + +如果你使用的是 Arch Linux，那么你也可以通过官方仓库安装许多软件。 + +可惜的是，相较于 Ubuntu，Arch Linux 可能不会得到一些软件开发者的官方支持。 + +此外，你会发现，Arch Linux [安装和管理软件包都需要使用 pacman][18]。pacman 是一个 GUI，用于软件安装与管理，依赖于你所选择安装的桌面环境。 + +![][19] + +举个例子，如果你安装的是 GNOME 桌面，你可以使用 GNOME 的软件中心；如果是 KDE Plasma 桌面，可以使用 Discover。 + +这些软件包管理器都不会内置 Snap 或 Flatpak，所以你只能根据需要自行安装。 + +为了获取更多的软件，你可以使用 [AUR][20]。请注意，AUR 是一个以社区为主导的软件仓库，所以官方建议你不要完全依赖它。 + +![][21] + +即便如此，AUR 也经常被看做是 Arch Linux 的优势之一，毕竟社区提供的软件包比 Ubuntu 提供的更为丰富。 + +你可以通过使用一些 [AUR 助手][22]，提升体验质量。 + +总体来说，如果你想仅靠一个工具就能轻松安装并且管理软件，那么 Ubuntu 当属不二之选。 + +### 6、极简 vs 臃肿 + +极简还是臃肿，这完全取决于个人的偏好，因为在配置 Arch Linux 时，一切尽在你的掌握之中。所以你可以在满足需要的情况下,只安装最少数量的包。 + +与之相反，Ubuntu 预装了许多软件。在一些人看来，这些软件都很实用。 + +![][23] + +当然，如果你不需要，也可以卸载。 + +不过，还有一些人认为，这些软件没什么必要，只会显得 Ubuntu 十分臃肿。 + +因此，你需要好好考虑一下，看自己究竟是想要预装的必备软件呢（Ubuntu）？还是拒绝臃肿，只取所需呢（Arch Linux）？ + +### 7、自由 vs 限制 + +![Arch Linux \(Neofetch\)][24] + +就像前文所提到的，Arch Linux 允许你控制系统的一切，它赋予用户极大的自由度，让用户可以尽情定制体验。 + +这不仅仅局限于桌面环境或是平铺式窗口管理器。 + +你还可以选择自己喜欢的音频服务器，比如 PulseAudio 或者 pipewire。 + +你也可以选择特定的 Linux 内核，比如安全性更高的版本、能够提升用户体验的 Zen 内核或者某个 Linux 内核的长期支持版本。 + +不同于 Arch Linux，Ubuntu 一直坚持使用的 Linux 内核都是能够通过全面测试而且以 PulseAudio 作为默认音频服务器的（笔者写这篇文章时情况如此）。 + +但说到底，哪个能满足你的需求，哪个才是最好的。 + +### 8、社区支持 + +Ubuntu 拥有坚实的用户基础，可以提供广泛的社区支持。与其相关的论坛和门户网站有很多，可以指导 Ubuntu 用户，帮助解决遇到的难题。 + +![itsfoss community][25] + +你也可以在论坛（包括 [It’s FOSS 社区][26]）发布问题，寻求帮助。 + +Arch Linux 用户比较少，所以不提供类似的社区支持。不过，ArchWiki 提供了几乎涉及 Arch Linux 各个方面的高质量技术文档，算是弥补了这一不足。 + +![arch wiki][27] + +如果你想探索，[ArchWiki][28] 有着最丰富的技术文档。 + +### 9、发布周期 + +Ubuntu 提供 [长期支持版本][29]，每隔 5 年发布一次镜像更新，企业版则需要更长的时间。 + +![][30] + +Ubuntu 还提供了非长期支持版本，每 9 个月发布一次更新，每半年发布一个新版本。非长期支持版本适合那些想体验最新软件包与功能的用户，每次升级都可能伴随着重大更新。 + +长期支持版本更适合想要在每次更新中都能获得突破性体验的用户。 + +更多信息可以参考我们的文章：[Ubuntu 发行周期与生命周期结束][31] + +Arch Linux 属于 [滚动发行版][32]，所以不用担心发布周期的问题。只要有更新，无论大小，都会发送给用户。 + +![][33] + +这样一来，Arch Linux 系统的软件包会一直保持最新状态，质量也是最高的。这听起来确实不错，但有时也会给一些用户造成不便。 + +### 10、硬件兼容性 + +![][34] + +Ubuntu 是一款面向台式电脑的主流发行版，所以在发行之前，需要测试它与各种硬件的兼容性。 + +我可以打包票，**Ubuntu 开箱即用的硬件兼容性非常优秀**。 + +Arch Linux 不像 Ubuntu 那样进行过大量的测试，所以它不一定能在你的硬件上正常运行。 + +不过，正因为 Arch Linux 有着最新最强大的 Linux 内核包，所以有时它的表现要优于 Ubuntu。 + +如果你不太清楚自己硬件的兼容性，你最好请教一下周围的人，确保你在安装 Arch Linux 时不会出现别人已经遇到过的问题。 + +因此，选择 Ubuntu，你就可以高枕无忧了，除非你使用的是非常尖端的设备。 + +### 11、稳定性 + +如果你不想让你的系统崩溃，或是不想遇到错误，**Ubuntu 应该是更好的选择**. + +Arch Linux 的话，情况就不好说了。更新之后，它可能会正常运行，也可能会大不如前。 + +Arch Linux 本身并不算稳定，你需要自行维护它，确保在自定义以及更新过程中不会出现故障。 + +### 再三考虑: 你该选哪个？ + +考虑到稳定性、兼容性、软件生态以及上手速度等因素，对于那些只想顺利完成工作而不想麻烦折腾的人来说，Ubuntu 是一个完美的选择。 + +而对那些为适应自己工作内容想要定制桌面体验，以及寻求最新功能和最强性能的用户来说，Arch Linux 最合适不过了。 + +如果你想探索未知，Arch Linux 可以给你带来非常奇妙的体验。但对于一些人来说，Arch Linux 使用起来可能比 Ubuntu 要困难许多。 + +那么，考虑到以上所有因素，**你觉得自己会选哪个？**期待你能在下方评论区留言。 + +### 常见问题解答：如果你还没决定到底用哪一个 + +可能有些人还会有一些问题，可以参考一下内容： + +**Arch 比 Ubuntu 更好吗？** + +对，也不对。就技术层面来讲，Arch Linux 确实更好，但是你也需要考虑它的稳定性、软件生态以及维护它所需要的学习时间。也就是说，在得出答案之前，你需要根据自己的喜好，再三考虑一番。 + +**哪个更快？ Ubuntu 还是 Arch？** + +Arch Linux 更快，因为它安装体积极小。不过，根据你的配置不同，情况可能也会有所不同。 + +注意，Ubuntu 与 Arch Linux 相比，速度并不会差很多。只不过因为它开箱即用的包会更多，所以有些人会认为 Ubuntu 比较臃肿。 + +**我是不是应该从 Ubuntu 转到 Arch 呢？** + +如果你想优化体验，想要一直获取最新最优秀的软件包，同时又不会担心稳定性，Arch Linux 会比较适合你。 + +如果你只是为了完成工作，需要的是一些基础功能，Ubuntu 就够用了。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-vs-arch/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[aREversez](https://github.com/aREversez) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/why-arch-linux/ +[2]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-vs-arch.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1 +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/install-arch-linux/ +[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/try-ubuntu-install-ubuntu.jpeg?resize=800%2C530&ssl=1 +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/install-gui-ubuntu-server/ +[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-linux-boot-menu-install.png?resize=635%2C481&ssl=1 +[7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/arch-new-guided-installer/ +[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-install-terminal.png?resize=800%2C279&ssl=1 +[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-20-04-ux.jpg?resize=800%2C407&ssl=1 +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/kde-vs-gnome/ +[11]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-linux-gnome.png?resize=732%2C413&ssl=1 +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-desktop-environment/ +[13]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-linux-filesystem.png?resize=800%2C149&ssl=1 +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-distributions/ +[15]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-software-center.png?resize=800%2C574&ssl=1 +[16]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-flatpak/ +[17]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/ +[18]: https://itsfoss.com/pacman-command/ +[19]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-install-terminal-software.png?resize=763%2C431&ssl=1 +[20]: https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/ +[21]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/sky-aur-install.png?resize=800%2C560&ssl=1 +[22]: https://itsfoss.com/best-aur-helpers/ +[23]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-utilities.png?resize=800%2C520&ssl=1 +[24]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-linux-neofetch.png?resize=800%2C533&ssl=1 +[25]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/itsfoss-community.jpg?resize=800%2C580&ssl=1 +[26]: https://itsfoss.community/ +[27]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-wiki.png?resize=800%2C332&ssl=1 +[28]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/ +[29]: https://itsfoss.com/long-term-support-lts/ +[30]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-info.png?resize=800%2C595&ssl=1 +[31]: https://itsfoss.com/end-of-life-ubuntu/ +[32]: https://itsfoss.com/rolling-release/ +[33]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-info.png?resize=800%2C573&ssl=1 +[34]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/hardware-compatibility-illustration.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1 From f0840bad3f3f32cec9e170f8a76c102af6cefe4c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 10:08:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 27/94] translated --- ... LTS - New Features and Release Details.md | 80 ------------------- ... LTS - New Features and Release Details.md | 74 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 80 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/tech/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md deleted file mode 100644 index f8a4c942c8..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Kubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Kubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details -====== -A LIST OF NEW FEATURES OF KUBUNTU 22.04 LTS (JAMMY JELLYFISH) AND -ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE RELEASE. -![Kubuntu 22.04 LTS Desktop][1] - -### Kubuntu 22.04 LTS New Features - -Perhaps the most popular Ubuntu-based Linux distribution is the Kubuntu in terms of usability, appearance and stability. Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS powers the Kubuntu 22.04 LTS same as the Ubuntu base. Also, it features the [KDE Plasma 5.24.x series][2], which is the current LTS version of the Plasma desktop. - -Besides, the KDE Plasma 5.24.x series is the 26th edition of KDE Plasma desktop and brings some stunning features such as overview effect, new notification, etc. Although it is not the latest Plasma as of today, it’s the last stable version. - -On the other hand, if you compare the last Kubuntu 20.04 LTS with this version, a whole lot of changes you should expect. First and foremost, Kubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa had KDE Plasma 5.18 compared to today’s 5.24 series. You can expect a vast set of new features and a completely different desktop improved for better accessibility and performance. Secondly, KDE Plasma 5.24 is supported by Qt 5.15.2 and KDE Frameworks 5.90, which is also a jump since the last Kbuntu Focal Fossa. - -Undoubtedly, the significant feature that you can experience is the newly designed overview screen of the Plasma desktop. You can launch it using Meta+W key combinations and must have multiple virtual machines. The new overview screen reminds you about GNOME’s application view. The view gives you the virtual desktop thumbnails at the top, and in the middle, you can see the list of open windows for the virtual desktops. It also gives you a search option which makes you faster at finding your applications. - -![Kubuntu 22.04 Overview screen][3] - -This version of Plasma also brings a custom accent colour option that triggers your imagination for a beautiful desktop. On top of that, a refreshed Breeze Classic theme and re-designed font size make this version a perfect one to feature in an LTS release. - -[][4] - -SEE ALSO:   Pop OS 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Updates - -### Other Changes - -Since the base of Kubuntu 22.04, LTS is the [Ubuntu 22.04][5], the core applications and packages give you the best of their stable release as summarized down below. - - * KDE Plasma 5.24.x - * KDE Frameworks 5.92 - * Qt 5.15.x - * Firefox 99 - * Thunderbird 91.8 - * LibreOffice 7.3.x - - - -Finally, to download the BETA version of this release, refer to the link below to the ISO file. You can try to install on a virtual machine or try it in a physical system. - - * [kubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][6] - * - - - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][7], [Twitter][8], [YouTube][9], and [Facebook][10] and never miss an update! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Kubuntu-22.04-LTS-Desktop-1024x580.jpg -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/kde-plasma-5-24-review/ -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Kubuntu-22.04-Overview-screen-1024x580.jpg -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/pop-os-22-04-lts/ -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ -[6]: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/releases/22.04/beta/kubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso -[7]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[8]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[9]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[10]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/translated/tech/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md b/translated/tech/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8e10a0d820 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +[#]: subject: "Kubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - 新功能和发布细节 +====== +Kubuntu 22.04 LTS（Jammy jellyfish）的新功能列表以及关于该版本的其他信息。 +![Kubuntu 22.04 LTS Desktop][1] + +### Kubuntu 22.04 LTS 新功能 + +也许在可用性、外观和稳定性方面，最受欢迎的基于 Ubuntu 的 Linux 发行版是 Kubuntu。Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS 为 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS 提供支持，与 Ubuntu 基础相同。此外，它还具有 [KDE Plasma 5.24.x 系列][2]，这是当前 LTS 版本的 Plasma 桌面。 + +此外，KDE Plasma 5.24.x 系列是 KDE Plasma 桌面的第 26 个版本，带来了一些令人惊叹的功能，如概览效果、新通知等。尽管到今天为止它还不是最新的 Plasma，但它是最后一个稳定版本。 + +另一方面，如果你将最后的 Kubuntu 20.04 LTS 与这个版本相比较，你应该期待一大堆变化。首先，Kubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa 有 KDE Plasma 5.18，而今天是 5.24 系列。你可以期待大量的新功能和一个完全不同的桌面，为更好的无障碍和性能而改进。其次，KDE Plasma 5.24 被 Qt 5.15.2 和 KDE Frameworks 5.90 支持，这也是自上一个 Kbuntu Focal Fossa 以来的一个跳跃。 + +毋庸置疑，你能体验到的重要功能是 Plasma 桌面新设计的概览屏幕。你可以使用 Meta+W 组合键启动它，而且必须有多个虚拟机。新的概览屏幕让你想起了 GNOME 的应用视图。该视图在顶部给你提供了虚拟桌面的缩略图，在中间，你可以看到虚拟桌面的开放窗口列表。它还为你提供了一个搜索选项，使你更快地找到你的应用。 + +![Kubuntu 22.04 Overview screen][3] + +这个版本的 Plasma 还带来了一个自定义的强调色选项，会触发你对美丽桌面的想象。除此之外，更新的 Breeze Classic 主题和重新设计的字体大小使这个版本成为 LTS 版本中的一个完美版本。 + +### 其他变化 + +由于 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS 的基础是 [Ubuntu 22.04][5]，核心应用和软件包给你提供了他们稳定版本中最好的东西，总结如下。 + + * KDE Plasma 5.24.x + * KDE Frameworks 5.92 + * Qt 5.15.x + * Firefox 99 + * Thunderbird 91.8 + * LibreOffice 7.3.x + + + +最后，要下载这个版本的 BETA 版本，请参考下面的 ISO 文件链接。你可以尝试在虚拟机上安装或在物理系统中尝试。 + + * [kubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][6] + * + + + +* * * + +我们带来最新的技术、软件新闻和重要的东西。通过 [Telegram][7]、[Twitter][8]、[YouTube][9] 和 [Facebook][10] 保持联系，永远不会错过任何更新! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Kubuntu-22.04-LTS-Desktop-1024x580.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/kde-plasma-5-24-review/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Kubuntu-22.04-Overview-screen-1024x580.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[6]: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/releases/22.04/beta/kubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso +[7]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[8]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[9]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[10]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From 25aa526bfd05a0f3925ce4592258bf41f34d59ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 10:32:44 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 28/94] translating --- ...L- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md b/sources/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md index acf28d1414..096ffbc317 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/lite-xl/" [#]: author: "Marco Carmona https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 6e06d89cea2d0822e0bf114f55e8e8f3e86f159f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 13:27:56 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 29/94] RP @robsean https://linux.cn/article-14467-1.html --- ...n 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md | 152 ++++++++++++++++ ...n 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md | 169 ------------------ 2 files changed, 152 insertions(+), 169 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20220325 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/20220325 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md diff --git a/published/20220325 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md b/published/20220325 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fd55370a6a --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220325 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +[#]: subject: "Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 – Perfection with Stability [Review]" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/linux-mint-debian-edition-5-review/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "robsean" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14467-1.html" + +Linux Mint Debian Edition（LMDE） 5 – 完美稳定 +====== + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/13/132621gz9v9c49k349ebe4.jpg) + +> 我们对最近发布的 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5（LMDE 5）的性能、稳定性和用户友好性等方面进行了评测。这里是我们的发现。 + +在 Linux Mint Debian Edition LMDE 4（Debbie）发布两年多后，Linux Mint 团队宣告了 Linux Mint Debian Edition LMDE 5（LMDE 5）的发布。LMDE 5 基于 [Debian 11 Bullseye][1] ，它带来了长期支持的 Linux 内核 5.10 和 Debian 软件包源。除内核版本以外，大多数的应用程序和软件包与 Linux Mint 20.3 几乎完全相同。 + +让我们深入了解一下。 + +### LMDE 5 评测 + +我们测试 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5（LMDE 5）是在现有的较旧的硬件下： + + * 英特尔酷睿 i3 第一代 + * 4GB DDR3 内存 + * 博通芯片 + * 英伟达® GeForce® 315M + * 固态硬盘 + +#### ISO 下载、现场介质和安装 + +从新设计的 Linux Mint 网站找到并下载 ISO 文件是很容易的。现场介质Live media启动很顺利，通过桌面上的安装图标启动了安装程序。 + +LMDE 使用的一款修改版的 Debian 安装器。它不是 Calamares 。普通的 Debian 安装器是很难操作的，[在我看来] 有点 [让新用户感到困惑][2] 。但是，Linux Mint 团队使其非常容易安装，只需几个步骤，并从 Debian 安装器中移除了所有使人困惑的选项。 + +你只需要提供安装位置、键盘布局、名字和密码，就可以开始安装了。安装器的分区系统使用 GParted ，它很方便好用。 + +因此，在我的测试的虚拟机和物理机硬件中，安装过程都很顺利。 + +在物理机系统中安装花费了 4 到 5 分钟，而虚拟机系统中的安装时间约为 3 分钟。 + +#### 第一印象 + +![Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 \(LMDE5\) Desktop][3] + +如果你熟悉 Linux Mint 早期的 Cinnamon 桌面，那么你不会在这个 Debian 版本中找到什么不同。它们是一样的。如果你是第一次使用 Linux Mint 的 Cinnamon 桌面环境，那么在你完成你的安装后，你会看到一个漂亮而干净的桌面。 + +桌面图标、完美调整过的颜色和主题、底部任务栏、系统托盘，这一切都配合有序，让你能够立刻上手。 + +不管你使用低端还是高端的硬件，LMDE 都能快速响应，应用程序能够很好的工作。应用程序的切换和整体桌面的响应都很可靠。 + +你得到的是经过良好测试的应用程序和软件包，而基于 Debian 的稳定性，很少会出现故障。这意味着不必担心软件包的冲突、更新缺失，以及 Linux 系统的常见问题。 + +#### 预装的应用程序 + +Linux Mint（不仅仅是 Debian 版本）的优势之一是它的预装的应用程序。许多 Linux 发行版由于 ISO 大小等原因，在 ISO 安装程序中不包括必要的应用程序。 + +但是，Linux Mint 团队全心全意为它们的用户考虑，打包了所有你需要的必要应用程序。这照顾到了大多数用户的需求。它有助于减少最终用户在安装 LMDE 5 后搜索和安装兼容应用程序方面的负担。 + +例如，在 LMDE 5 中，已默认安装下面的必备软件，随时待用： + + * 绘图应用 + * 多媒体：Celluloid 媒体播放器、Hypnotix、Rythmbox + * Torrent 客户端：Transmission 3.0 + * 完整的办公套件：LibreOffice 7.0 + * Email 客户端：Thunderbird 91.0 + * 网页浏览器：Firefox 97.0 + +这不是所有。对于下面的所有的具体使用情况，你都会得到一个专门的原生应用程序。用户不需要为这些寻找一个单独的应用程序： + + * 屏幕截图和屏幕保护程序 + * 减少眼睛疲劳的工具 + * USB 格式化工具和镜像写入器 + * 便签 + * Synaptic 软件包管理器 + * 系统备份和恢复 + * 防火墙工具 + +#### LMDE5 的性能表现怎么样? + +看到一个发行版按照预期的表现，总是令人感兴趣的。而 LMDE 5 的性能表现远超预期。 + +在空闲状态下，它消耗 750 MB 的内存和 2% 的 CPU 。 + +![Performance During the light workload][5] + +接下来，我使用下面的任务让它完成繁重的工作负载： + + * Firefox（打开三个标签页，其中一个播放 YouTube 视频） + * LibreOffice Calc（打开一个表格） + * 绘图应用程序（打开一个实例） + * 设置 + * 一个终端窗口 + * 文件管理器 + +在上述的工作负载中，它消耗了大约 1.5 GB 的内存和 14% 的 CPU 。显然，大部分的资源都被 Firefox 消耗了。 + +![Performance During heavy workload][6] + +在我看来，这是一个完美的指标，而且对旧硬件进行了很好的优化分配。上述指标是在物理机系统上测量的。 + +#### 连接性 + +连接性是任何操作系统的不可或缺的一部分。LMDE 5 能够连接到 Wi-Fi（使用一款老旧的博通芯片）和连接到蓝牙音箱，而不需任意的额外调整。 + +在我的测试期间，音量控制与蓝牙守护进程配合得很好。 + +此外，我们也测试了 USB 接口设备的热插拔，它们可以自动侦测和挂载，而没有遇到任何问题。 + +所以，没有什么意外，这也是意料之中的。 + +### 有什么错误吗？ + +我在测试期间没有遇到任何错误。一切都运行良好。 + +但是当我关闭我的物理测试系统的笔记本盖板时，我发现一个错误。在它进入待机状态后，不能将其唤醒。我无法看到登录屏幕，屏幕是黑色的，没有任何光标。我必须因重启才能进入系统。 + +这可能是我测试设备上的特定硬件设备的问题。我相信它在新的硬件系统上不会有任何的问题。 + +### 总结 + +总结一下 LMDE 5 的评测，它显然是最稳定、最优化的 Linux 发行版。如果你计划在未来两年或更长的时间段内使用一款用于日常用途的系统，你可以信赖这个版本。因此，如果你需要一款非基于 Ubuntu 的稳定的、快速的、低维护率的长期日用系统，并运行在你的旧机器或新机器上，这会是一个完美的选择。请试试。 + +你可以 [在官方网站上][7] 下载 LMDE 5 。 + +感谢阅读。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/linux-mint-debian-edition-5-review/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/05/debian-11-features/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/install-debian-buster/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Linux-Mint-Debian-Edition-5-LMDE5-Desktop-1024x580.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/zorin-os-16-lite-review-xfce/ +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Performance-During-light-workload-1024x606.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Performance-During-heavy-workload-1024x601.jpg +[7]: https://linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=297 +[8]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[9]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[10]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[11]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/translated/tech/20220325 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md b/translated/tech/20220325 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0850dc5d55..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20220325 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,169 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 – Perfection with Stability [Review]" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/linux-mint-debian-edition-5-review/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "robsean" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 – 完美稳定 -====== -我们对最近发布的 LINUX MINT DEBIAN EDITION 5 (LMDE 5) 的性能、稳定性和用户友好性等方面进行了评审。这里是我们的发现。 -在 LMDE 4 (Debbie) 发布两年多的时间后，Linux Mint 团队宣告了 Linux Mint Debian Edition LMDE 5 (LMDE 5) 的发布。LMDE 5 基于 [Debian 11 Bullseye][1] ，它带来了长期支持的 Linux Kernel 5.10 和 Debian 软件包源。除内核版本以外，大多数的应用程序和软件包与Linux Mint 20.3 几乎完全相同。 - -这意味着, 让我们尽情开始吧。 - -### Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 概述 - -我们在现有的较旧的硬件下测试 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 (LMDE 5)。 - - * 英特尔 酷睿 i3 第一代 - * 4GB DDR3 内存条 - * 博通芯片 - * 英伟达® GeForce® 315M - * 固态硬盘 - - - -#### ISO 下载，LIVE 媒介 和 安装 - -从最新设计的 Linux Mint 网站查找并下载 ISO 文件是很容易的。LIVE 媒介启动正常，安装器图标出现在安装器的桌面中。 - -LMDE 使用 Debian 安装器的一款修改版本。它不是 Calamares 。普通的 Debian 安装器是很难操作的，有点 [让新用户感到困惑][2] [我的个人观点]。但是，Linux Mint 团队使其只需几个步骤就可以非常容易地安装，并从 Debian 安装器中移除了所有的使人困惑的选项。 - -你只需要提供位置、键盘布局、姓名和密码，你就准备好来安装了。安装器的分区系统使用 GParted ，它很方便好用。 - -因此，在我的测试的虚拟机和物理机硬件中，安装过程都运行平稳。 - -在物理机系统中安装将花费 4 到 5 分钟，而在虚拟机系统中安装将花费 3 分钟。 - -#### 第一印象 - -![Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 \(LMDE5\) Desktop][3] - -如果你先前就熟悉带有 Cinnamon 桌面环境的 Linux Mint，那么你将不会在 Debian 版本中找到任何的不同。它们是相同的。如果你新来到 Linux Mint 的 Cinnamon 桌面环境，那么在你完成你的安装后，一个极好的干净的桌面会欢迎你。 - -桌面图标、完美调教过的颜色和主题、底部任务栏、系统托盘 – 一切都配合有序，你能够立刻开始。 - -不管你使用低端或高端硬件 – Linux Mint Debian edition 都能快速响应和在应用程序中很好地工作。应用程序和整体桌面环境之间无缝地切换响应。 - -你将获得完美测试过的应用程序和软件包，这将不会破坏 Debian 的稳定性。这意味着不必担心软件包的冲突、缺少更新和 Linux 系统的常见问题。 - -#### 预安装的应用程序 - -Linux Mint (不仅仅是 Debian 版本) 的一个优势是它的预加载的应用程序。很多 Linux 发行版在 ISO 安装器中没有包含必要的应用程序，因为一些原因，例如 ISO 文件的大小等等。 - -但是，Linux Mint 团队全心全意为它们的用户考虑，并打包你们所需要的所有的应用程序。这照顾到了大多数用户的基本需求。它有助于减少最终用户在安装 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 后在搜索和安装兼容性应用程序方面的负担。 - -[][4] - -请参考: Zorin OS 16 Lite 概述 - 美丽、性能和简洁的完美组合 - -例如，在 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 中，已默认安装下面的必备软件，随时待用。 - - * 绘图:Pencil - * 多媒体: Celluloid media player, Hypnotix, Rythmbox - * Torrent 客户端:Transmission 3.0 - * 完整的办公套件: LibreOffice 7.0 - * Email客户端: Thunderbird 91.0 - * 网络浏览器: Firefox 97.0 - - - -这不是所有。对于下面的所有的具体使用情况，你都会得到一个专用的本机应用程序。 - - -用户无需为这些应用寻找单独的应用程序。 - - * 屏幕截图和屏幕保护程序 - * 减少眼睛疲劳的工具 - * USB 格式化工具和镜像写入器 - * 便签 - * Synaptic 软件包管理器 - * 系统备份和恢复程序 - * 防火墙使用程序 - - - -#### LMDE5 的性能表现怎么样? - -查看一个发行版的预期性能表现总是令人感兴趣的。Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 的性能表现远远超出预期。 - -在空闲状态下，它消耗 750 MB 的 RAM 和 2% 的 CPU 。 - -![Performance During the light workload][5] - -接下来，我使用下面的工作内容来完成繁重的工作负载。 - - * Firefox （附带有打开的三个标签页，其中一个播放 YouTube 视频） - * LibreOffice Calc（打开一个表格） - * 绘图应用程序（附带有一个实例） - * 设置 - * 一个终端窗口 - * 文件管理器 - - - -随着上述的工作负载，它消耗了大约 1.5 GB 的 RAM 和 14% 的 CPU 。显然，Firefox 消耗了大部分的资源。 - -![Performance During heavy workload][6] - -在我看来，对于较旧的硬件来说，它完美地平衡量化和优化资源消耗。上述的量化是在物理机系统上测量的。 - -#### 网络链接 - -因为网络链接是任意操作系统的不可或缺的一部分。所以，Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 能够链接到 WiFi (使用一款老旧的 Broadcom 芯片) 和链接到蓝牙扬声器（不需任意的额外调整）。 - -在我的测试期间，音量控制与蓝牙守护进程一起工作地很好。 - -此外，我们也测试了 USB 接口设备的热插拔，它们被自动侦测和挂载而没有遇到任何问题。 - -因此，这没有让人感到意外，这是意料之中的。 - -### 一些错误? - -我在测试期间没有遇到任何错误。一切都很好地工作。 - -但是当我关闭我的物理测试系统的笔记本盖板时，我发现一个错误。在它进入待机状态后，不能将其唤醒。我不能看到登录屏幕。没有任何光标的黑屏。我必需重新启动来进入系统。 - -它可能是我测试设备上的特定硬件设备的问题。我相信它不会在新的硬件系统上有任何的问题。 - -### 总结 - -总结一下 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 的评审，它显然是最稳定、最优化的 Linux 发行版。如果你计划在未来两年或更长的时间段内使用一款用于日常驱动的系统，你可以信赖这个版本。因此，如果你需要一款非基于 Ubuntu 的稳定的、快速的、低维护率的系统，并针对你的旧系统或新系统来长期运行日常驱动，这会是一个完美的选择。请试试。 - -你可以 [在官方网站上][7] 下载 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 。 - -谢谢。 - -* * * - -我们带来最新的科技、软件新闻和重要的题材。通过 [Telegram][8]、[Twitter][9]、[YouTube][10] 和 [Facebook][11] 保持联系、不错过一次更新! - -##### 请参考 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/linux-mint-debian-edition-5-review/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/05/debian-11-features/ -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/install-debian-buster/ -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Linux-Mint-Debian-Edition-5-LMDE5-Desktop-1024x580.jpg -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/zorin-os-16-lite-review-xfce/ -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Performance-During-light-workload-1024x606.jpg -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Performance-During-heavy-workload-1024x601.jpg -[7]: https://linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=297 -[8]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[9]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[10]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[11]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From 3c71dd75c1eabcc7f598de464fd86972f67f9b18 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 14:19:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 30/94] RP @hwlife https://linux.cn/article-14468-1.html --- ...le Synchronization and Sharing Solution.md | 92 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 45 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20210419 How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution.md (52%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20210419 How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution.md b/published/20210419 How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution.md similarity index 52% rename from translated/tech/20210419 How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution.md rename to published/20210419 How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution.md index d9598688f2..9f9c50272f 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20210419 How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution.md +++ b/published/20210419 How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution.md @@ -3,37 +3,38 @@ [#]: author: (Hunter Wittenborn https://itsfoss.com/author/hunter/) [#]: collector: (lujun9972) [#]: translator: (hwlife) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: reviewer: (wxy) +[#]: publisher: (wxy) +[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-14468-1.html) 怎样用 Docker 部署 Seafile 服务器来托管你自己的文件同步和共享解决方案 ====== +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/13/141808f7fo7444ozv75z5s.jpg) + 首先，什么是 Seafile ？ -[Seafile][1] 是一个客户端 - 服务器模式的自托管文件同步程序，例如你有类似笔记本和手机等多个设备能够连接到中心服务器。 +[Seafile][1] 是一个自托管文件同步程序，采用客户端/服务器模式，即你有笔记本、手机等多个设备，能够连接到一个中心服务器。 -不像类似 [Nextcloud 或 ownCloud][2] 这些更流行的替代品一样，Seafile 努力跟随着 “只做一件事，但是要做好” 的哲学。同样的，Seafile 没有内置额外的类似联系人或者日历聚合的功能。 +不像类似 [Nextcloud 或 ownCloud][2] 这些更流行的替代品一样，Seafile 试图遵循 “只做一件事，但是要做好” 的理念。同样，Seafile 没有内置额外的类似联系人或者日历聚合的功能。 -相反，Seafile 只专注于文件同步，共享，和与之相关的事情，就这样。但正因为如此，它最终做的非常好。 +相反，Seafile 只专注于文件同步、共享及与之相关的事情，仅此而已。但正因为如此，它最终做的非常好。 ### 使用 Docker 和 NGINX 部署 Seafile 服务器 -高级教程 +> **高级教程** +> +> 我们的许多教程都是针对初学者的。这篇则不然，它是为那些经常鼓捣 DIY 项目和喜欢自托管的高级用户设计的。这个教程假定你可以熟练的使用命令行，而且你至少对我们将要使用的程序有一定的了解。 -在 It’s FOSS 站点上的许多教程都是针对初学者的。这个不是。他是打算为那些 DIY 修修补补的项目和喜欢自托管的高级用户设计的。这个教程假定你可以熟练的使用命令行，同时你至少有和与我们使用的程序相匹配的知识。 - -虽然整个过程完成不需要使用一点 NGINX ，但是使用 NGINX 是考虑到更加容易配置，以及在将来更加容易的自托管更多的服务。 - -如果你想使用完整的 Docker 设置，你也可以[在　Docker　内部设置　NGINX][3] ，但是它将使一些事情更加复杂并且不能够带来太多利益，同样在教程里也不会提到。 +虽然整个过程完全可以不使用 NGINX ，但是使用 NGINX 更加容易配置，而且在将来更加容易的自托管更多的服务。 +如果你想完全使用 Docker 环境，你也可以 [在 Docker 内部设置 NGINX][3] ，但是它这会使事情变得更加复杂，并且不能够带来太多好处。同样，在本教程里也不会涉及这些。 #### 安装设置　NGINX -_**在这个教程中，我将使用　Ubuntu　同时使用　apt 来安装软件包。如果你使用 Fedora 或者一些其他的非 Debian 发行版，请使用你的发行版的 [包管理器][4].**_ +在这个教程中，我会使用 Ubuntu，因此会使用 `apt` 来安装软件包。如果你使用 Fedora 或者一些其他非 Debian 发行版，请使用你的发行版的 [包管理器][4]。 -[NGINX][5]既是一个网页浏览器，又是一个代理服务器。它将起到 Seafile 服务器和互联网之间网络连接的作用，同时也是一些任务更容易处理。 +[NGINX][5] 既是一个网页浏览器，又是一个代理服务器。它将起到 Seafile 服务器和互联网之间网络连接的作用，同时也使一些任务更容易处理。 要安装 NGINX ，使用以下命令： @@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ _**在这个教程中，我将使用　Ubuntu　同时使用　apt 来安装软 sudo apt install nginx ``` -如果你想使用 HTTPS (也就是浏览器中的小挂锁)，你将需要安装 [Certbot][6]： +如果你想使用 HTTPS（也就是浏览器中的小挂锁），你需要安装 [Certbot][6]： ``` sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx @@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx 下一步，你需要设置 NGINX 来连接我们之后将要设置的 Seafile 实例。 -首先, 运行以下命令： +首先，运行以下命令： ``` sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/seafile.conf @@ -68,14 +69,14 @@ server { } ``` -**重要**: 用你将要访问你服务器的地址在 **server_name** 行中把 **localhost** 替换掉 (比如 **seafile.example.com** 或者 **192.168.0.0**)。 不能确定要输入什么吗？ +**重要**: 将 `server_name` 一行的 `localhost` 替换为你要访问你的服务器的地址（比如 `seafile.example.com` 或者 `192.168.0.0`）。不确定要输入什么吗？ - * 如果你只是为了测试，使用 localhost 。这个设置将 **只允许你从你的电脑访问服务器** ，就这样。 - * 如果你想通过你的本地 WiFi 连接使用 Seafile (任何设备和你都在同一 WiFi 网络)，你应该键入 [你的计算机 IP 地址][7]。你也可能想要查看 [设置静态 IP 地址][8]，尽管并没有必要。 - * 如果你知道一个指向你的系统的公网 IP 地址，请使用它。 - * 如果你有一个域名(比如 **example.com**, **example.org**) 和 公网 IP 地址，更改你的 DNS 设置将域名指向你的系统的 IP 地址。这也需要公网 IP 指向你的系统。 + * 如果你只是为了测试，使用 `localhost` 。这个设置将 **只允许你从你的电脑访问服务器** ，仅此而已。 + * 如果你想通过你的本地 Wi-Fi 连接使用 Seafile（与你在同一 Wi-Fi 网络上），你应该键入 [你的计算机 IP 地址][7]。你也可以考虑 [设置一个静态 IP 地址][8]，尽管这不是必须的。 + * 如果你有一个公网 IP 地址，你知道它指向你的系统，就使用它。 + * 如果你有一个域名（比如 `example.com`、`example.org`）和公网 IP 地址，更改你的 DNS 设置，将域名指向你的系统的 IP 地址。这也需要将公网 IP 指向你的系统。 -现在你需要复制配置文件到到 NGINX 查找文件的目录中，然后重启 NGINX ： +现在你需要复制配置文件到 NGINX 的查找目录中，然后重启 NGINX ： ``` sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/seafile.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/seafile.conf @@ -88,17 +89,17 @@ sudo systemctl restart nginx sudo certbot ``` -如果要重定向 HTTP 流量 到 HTTPS ，选择 **2** 。 +如果要重定向 HTTP 流量 到 HTTPS ，选择 `2` 。 -现在是一个好的时间来确保我们目前设置的一切都正常工作。如果你访问了你的站点，你应该看到一个屏幕上写着 `502 Bad Gateway` 字样。 +现在可以来确认我们目前设置的一切都是否正常工作。如果你访问你的站点，你应该看到一个屏幕上写着 `502 Bad Gateway` 字样。 ![][9] #### 安装 Docker 和 Docker Compose -现在开始有趣的事情 ！ +现在要进入有趣的部分了! -首先第一件事，你需要安装 [Docker][10] 和 [Docker Compose][11] 。Docker Compose 是需要利用 docker-compose.yml 文件，这将使管理多个 Docker [容器][12] Seafile 变得更加容易。 +首先，你需要安装 [Docker][10] 和 [Docker Compose][11] 。Docker Compose 需要利用 `docker-compose.yml` 文件，这将使管理多个 Docker [容器][12] 的 Seafile 需求变得更加容易。 Docker 和 Docker Compose 可以用以下的命令来安装： @@ -112,11 +113,11 @@ sudo apt install docker.io docker-compose sudo docker run --rm hello-world ``` -如果你完全安装成功，你应该在中断能看到这几行文字： +如果你完全安装成功，你应该在终端能看到这几行文字： ![][13] -如果你想避免在 `docker` 命令的开始添加 `sudo` 的话，你可以运行以下的命令将你自己添加到 `docker` 组： +如果你想避免在 `docker` 命令的开始添加 `sudo` 的话，你可以运行以下的命令将你自己添加到 `docker` 组： ``` sudo groupadd docker @@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER 这部分比之前部分明显容易的多。你所需要做的是输入一些文本到文件，然后运行一些命令。 -打开一个终端。然后创建一个 Seafile 服务器用来储存内容的目录，然后进入目录中： +打开一个终端，然后创建一个 Seafile 服务器用来储存内容的目录，并进入目录中： ``` mkdir ~/seafile-server && cd ~/seafile-server @@ -137,7 +138,6 @@ mkdir ~/seafile-server && cd ~/seafile-server ![][14] - 转到你创建的目录然后运行以下命令： ``` @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ services: entrypoint: memcached -m 256 networks: - seafile-net - + seafile: image: seafileltd/seafile-mc container_name: seafile @@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ services: - DB_HOST=db - DB_ROOT_PASSWD=password - TIME_ZONE=Etc/UTC - - [email protected] + - SEAFILE_ADMIN_EMAIL=me@example.com - SEAFILE_ADMIN_PASSWORD=password - SEAFILE_SERVER_LETSENCRYPT=false - SEAFILE_SERVER_HOSTNAME=docs.seafile.com @@ -194,15 +194,13 @@ networks: 在保存文件之前，一些参数需要更改： - * **MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD**: 更换强壮的密码，你不必记住它，所以不要尝试挑选简单的密码。如果你需要帮助制作一个，请使用 [密码生成器][15] 。我建议 20 位字符长度并且避免任何的特殊字符 (全部受 **[[电子邮件保护]][16]#$%^&*** 符号). - * **DB_ROOT_PASSWD**: 更改你为 ****MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD**** 设置的值 。 - * ****SEAFILE_ADMIN_EMAIL****: 设置管理员帐户的电子邮件地址。 - * **SEAFILE_ADMIN_PASSWORD**: 设置管理员帐户密码。避免与 **MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD** 或者 **DB_ROOT_PASSWD** 密码相同。 - * **SEAFILE_SERVER_HOSTNAME**: 在 NGINX 配置中设置 Seafile 的服务器主机名。 + * `MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD`：更换强壮的密码，你不必记住它，所以不要尝试挑选简单的密码。如果你需要帮助生成一个，请使用 [密码生成器][15] 。我建议使用 20 位字符长度并且避免使用任何的特殊字符（`!@#$%^&*` 等符号）。 + * `DB_ROOT_PASSWD`：更改你为 `MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD` 设置的值 。 + * `SEAFILE_ADMIN_EMAIL`：设置管理员帐户的电子邮件地址。 + * `SEAFILE_ADMIN_PASSWORD`：设置管理员帐户密码。避免与`MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD` 或者 `DB_ROOT_PASSWD` 密码相同。 + * `SEAFILE_SERVER_HOSTNAME`：在 NGINX 配置中设置 Seafile 的服务器主机名。 - - -完成之后，你可以运行 `docker-compose` 输出整个过程： +完成之后，你可以运行 `docker-compose` 整个运行起来： ``` docker-compose up -d @@ -216,19 +214,19 @@ docker-compose up -d docker logs seafile ``` -当完成了的时候，你将会看到如下输出： +当完成了，你将会看到如下输出： ![][17] -下一步，你只需要在你的浏览器里键入你设置的 ****SEAFILE_SERVER_HOSTNAME**** 的地址，然后你应该看到登录屏幕的页面。 +下一步，你只需要在你的浏览器里键入你设置的 `SEAFILE_SERVER_HOSTNAME` 的地址，然后你应该看到登录屏幕的页面。 ![][18] -就这样！ 现在一切功能齐全，准备用客户端来使用。 +就这样！现在一切功能齐全，准备用客户端来使用。 #### 安装 Seafile 客户端 -Seafile 移动客户端在 [Google Play][19] ，[F-Droid][20] 和 [苹果商店][21] 都是可用的。 Seafile 也有 Linux ， Windows 和 Mac 桌面客户端可用，可在 [此处][22] 使用。 +Seafile 移动客户端在 [Google Play][19]、[F-Droid][20] 和 [苹果商店][21] 都是可用的。Seafile 也有 Linux、Windows 和 Mac 桌面客户端可用，可在 [此处][22] 找到。 通过 `seafile-gui` 软件包，可以在 Ubuntu 系统轻松获得 Seafile ： @@ -240,9 +238,9 @@ sudo apt install seafile-gui ### 结语 -尽情探索客户端和他们提供给我们的一切。 我将在未来的一篇文章中详细阐述 Seafile 客户端的所有功能。 (敬请期待 😃)。 +请尽情探索客户端及其所能提供的一切。我将在未来的一篇文章中详细阐述 Seafile 客户端的所有功能。（敬请期待 😃） -总的来说，如果有什么异常，或者只是有个问题， 尽情的在下方评论 – 我会尽我所能回应。 +总的来说，如果有什么错误，或者你有什么问题，请在下方评论 – 我会尽我所能回应。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -251,7 +249,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/deploy-seafile-server-docker/ 作者：[Hunter Wittenborn][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 336c786555a3099f8d6ac7abaf49d7f6de0b472d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8C=97=E6=A2=A6=E5=8D=97=E6=AD=8C?= Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 21:19:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 31/94] Translated MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 翻译完成 --- ...ge your passwords in the Linux terminal.md | 33 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md (79%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md b/translated/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md similarity index 79% rename from sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md rename to translated/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md index 7bc1787355..d981819c66 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md +++ b/translated/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md @@ -178,55 +178,58 @@ url: [www.example.org][11] ### 在浏览器中使用 pass -I use `pass` for information beyond just internet passwords, but websites are where I most often need passwords. I usually have a terminal open somewhere on my computer, so it's not much trouble to **Alt+Tab** to a terminal and get the information I need with `pass`. But that's not what I do because there are plugins to integrate `pass` with web browsers. +除了互联网密码，我还使用 `pass` 来查看信息，但是上网站是我经常需要密码的地方。我常常在电脑上有一个终端打开，所以我通过 **Alt+Tab** 键切换到终端用 `pass` 来获取信息。但是我并不这么做是因为有了网络浏览器整合了 `pass` 的插件。 -#### Pass host script -First, install the `pass` host script: +#### Pass 托管脚本 + +首先，安装 `pass` 托管脚本： ``` `$ curl -sSL github.com/passff/passff-host/release/latest/download/install_host_app.sh` ``` -This install script places a Python script that helps your browser access your password store and GPG keys. Run it along with the name of the browser you use (or nothing, to see all options): +这个脚本放置了一个 Python 脚本帮助你的浏览器访问你的密码和 GPG 密码。与其所用的浏览器同时运行(或者不运行，查看整个选项)： ``` `$ bash ./install_host_app.sh firefox` ``` -If you use multiple browsers, you can install it for each. +如果你使用多个浏览器，你可以为每一个浏览器安装它。 -#### Pass Add-on +#### Pass 附件 + +一旦你已经安装了这个托管程序，你可以为你的浏览器安装一个附件或者扩展。在你的浏览器附件或者扩展管理器里搜索 `PassFF` 插件。 -Once you've installed the host application, you can install an add-on or extension for your browser. Search for the `PassFF` plugin in your browser's add-on or extension manager. ![PassFF][12] (Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][13]) -Install the add-on, and then close and re-launch your browser. +安装了这个附件，然后关闭并重新打开浏览器。 -Navigate to a site you've got a password for in your password store. There's now a small **P** icon in the right of your login text fields. + +导航到一个你在密码仓库存存有密码的网站。在你的登录文本框右侧会显示一个小 **P** 的图标。 ![PassFF browser prompt][14] (Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][13]) -Click on the **P** button to see a list of matching site names in your password store. +点击 **P** 按钮会看到在你的密码仓库有一个与你网站名称匹配的列表。 ![PassFF browser menu][15] (Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][13]) -Click the pen-and-paper icon to fill in the form or the paper-airplane icon to fill and auto-submit the form. +点击纸和笔的图标填写表单或者通过纸飞机的图标填写并自动提交表单。 -Easy password management and fully integrated! +轻松的密码管理并完全整合了! -### Try pass as your Linux password manager +### 尝试用 pass 作为你的 Linux 密码管理器 -The `pass` command is a great option for users who want to manage passwords and personal information using tools they already use on a daily basis. If you rely on GPG and a terminal already, then you may enjoy the `pass` system. It's also an important option for users who don't want their passwords tied to a specific application. Maybe you don't use just one browser, or you don't like the idea that it might be difficult to extract your passwords from an application if you decide to stop using it. With `pass`, you maintain control of your secrets in a UNIX-like and straightforward system. +对于希望使用日常使用的工具管理密码和个人信息的用户来说，`pass` ”命令是一个很好的选择。如果你已经依赖 GPG 和终端，那么你可能会喜欢 `pass` 系统。对于用户不想让他们的密码和特定的程序挂钩，这也是一个重要的选择。可能你并不适用一个浏览器，或者你不喜欢这种想法，如果你决定停止使用它，从程序中提取密码就会变的困难。使用 `pass` ，你可以在类 UNIX 和直接的系统里保持着对你秘密的控制。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -234,7 +237,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/1/manage-passwords-linux-terminal 作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From ca396b569f4e758881b2b9f369f0cb7623cae8a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 23:05:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 32/94] RP @lkxed https://linux.cn/article-14470-1.html --- ...7 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md | 47 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md (58%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md b/published/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md similarity index 58% rename from translated/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md rename to published/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md index 64c65ee3f2..a8ab2cb36f 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md +++ b/published/20181107 Gitbase: Exploring Git repos with SQL.md @@ -3,49 +3,50 @@ [#]: author: "Francesc Campoy https://opensource.com/users/francesc/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" [#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14470-1.html" -Gitbase: 使用 SQL 探索 Git 仓库 +Gitbase：使用 SQL 探索 Git 仓库 ====== -Gitbase 是一个由 Go 驱动的开源项目，它使得我们可以在 Git 仓库上运行 SQL 查询。 -![][1] -图源：Jason Baker，遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 国际协议。 + +> Gitbase 是一个由 Go 驱动的开源项目，它使得我们可以在 Git 仓库上运行 SQL 查询。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/13/230413ddcpm87p2bds18db.jpg) Git 已经成为了代码版本控制的事实标准。虽然 Git 已经很流行了，但想用它来对源代码仓库的历史和内容进行深度分析，仍然是一件复杂的事情。 另一方面，SQL 则是一个经过实际检验、适合查询大型代码库的的语言，毕竟 Spark 和 BigQuery 等项目都采用了 SQL 作为查询语言。 -因此，在 source{d}，我们顺理成章地结合了这两种技术来创建 gitbase：一个用 SQL 对 git 仓库进行大规模分析的“代码即数据”解决方案。 +因此，在 source{d} 公司，我们顺理成章地结合了这两种技术来创建了 Gitbase：这是一个用 SQL 对 Git 仓库进行大规模分析的“代码即数据”解决方案。 [Gitbase][2] 是一个完全开源的项目，它站在一系列巨人的肩膀上，是它们使 Gitbase 的发展成为可能。本文旨在指出其中的主要部分。 ![][3] -[gitbase playground][4] 提供了一种可视化的方式来使用 gitbase。 +*[Gitbase 试验场][4] 提供了一种使用 Gitbase 的可视化方式。* ### 使用 Vitess 解析 SQL -Gitbase 把 SQL 作为用户接口。这意味着我们需要解析基于 MySQL 协议传输的 SQL 请求，并理解它们。幸运的是，我们在 YouTube 的朋友和他们的 [Vitess][5] 项目已经实现了这一点。Vitess 是一个数据库集群系统，用于 MySQL 的水平扩展。 +Gitbase 将 SQL 作为用户接口。这意味着我们需要解析基于 MySQL 协议传输的 SQL 请求，并理解它们。幸运的是，我们在 YouTube 的朋友和他们的 [Vitess][5] 项目已经实现了这一点。Vitess 是一个数据库集群系统，用于 MySQL 的水平扩展。 -我们直接截取一些重要的代码片段，并把它做成了一个[开源项目][6]。这个项目允许任何人在几分钟内编写一个 MySQL 服务器（正如我在 [justforfunc][7] 的专题：[CSVQL-用 SQL 服务 CSV][8]中所展示的那样）。 +我们直接截取一些重要的代码片段，并把它做成了一个 [开源项目][6]。这个项目允许任何人在几分钟内编写一个 MySQL 服务器（正如我在 [justforfunc][7] 的专题：[CSVQL - 用 SQL 处理 CSV][8] 中所展示的那样）。 -### 用 go-git 读取 git 储存库 +### 用 go-git 读取 Git 储存库 -当成功解析了一个请求，我们还需要读取数据集里的 git 仓库，才能够知道该如何回复它。为此，我们集成了 source{d} 最成功的仓库 [go-git][9]。Go-git 是一个高度可扩展的纯 Go 语言的 Git 实现。 +当成功解析了一个请求，我们还需要读取数据集里的 Git 仓库，才能够知道该如何回复它。为此，我们集成了 source{d} 最成功的仓库 [go-git][9]。go-git 是一个高度可扩展的纯 Go 语言的 Git 实现。 -这使得我们能够轻松地分析存储在磁盘上的源代码仓库，它们通常是 [siva][10] 文件（它也是一个 source{d} 的开源项目），或是直接使用 git clone 克隆的仓库。 +这使得我们能够轻松地分析以 [siva][10] 文件格式存储在磁盘上的源代码仓库（siva 也是一个 source{d} 的开源项目），或是直接使用 `git clone` 克隆的仓库。 -### 使用 enry 检测编程语言，使用 babelfish 解析文件 +### 使用 Enry 检测编程语言，使用 Babelfish 解析文件 -Gitbase 并没有将其分析能力局限于 git 历史记录上。它还使用我们的开源项目 [enry][11] 集成了语言检测功能，并使用 [babelfish][12] 实现了程序解析的功能。Babelfish 是一个用于通用源代码解析的自托管服务器，它可以将代码文件转化为通用抽象语法树（UAST）Abstract Syntax Trees。 +Gitbase 并没有将其分析能力局限于 Git 历史记录上。它还使用（显然也是）我们的开源项目 [Enry][11] 集成了语言检测功能，并使用 [Babelfish][12] 实现了程序解析的功能。Babelfish 是一个用于通用源代码解析的自托管服务器，它可以将代码文件转化为通用抽象语法树Universal Abstract Syntax Trees（UAST）。 -这两个功能在 gitbase 中被暴露为用户函数 `LANGUAGE` 和 `UAST`。结合使用两个函数，许多查询请求都成为了可能，比如“找到上个月修改次数最多的函数名称”。 +这两个功能在 Gitbase 中呈现为用户函数 `LANGUAGE` 和 `UAST`。结合使用两个函数，许多查询请求都成为了可能，比如“找到上个月修改次数最多的函数名称”。 ### 让它快速运行 -Gitbase 经常要分析非常大的数据集，比如公共 Git 档案，其中有来自 GitHub 的 3TB 源代码（[公告][13]）。为了做到这一点，每个 CPU 周期都很重要。 +Gitbase 经常要分析非常大的数据集，比如公共 Git 档案，其中有来自 GitHub 的 3TB 源代码（见 [公告][13]）。为了做到这一点，每份 CPU 处理能力都很重要。 这就是为什么我们又集成了另外两个项目：Rubex 和 Pilosa。 @@ -59,18 +60,16 @@ Rubex 的高性能得归功于高度优化的 C 语言库 [Oniguruma][15]，它 索引基本上是每个关系型数据库的众所周知的特性，但 Vitess 却没有实现索引，因为它不是真正需要。 -还好开源的 [Pilosa][17] 再一次拯救了我们，它是一个用 Go 实现的分布式位图索引，使得 gitbase 可以用于大规模的数据集。Pilosa 是一个开源的分布式位图索引，它极大地加快了对多个海量数据集的查询。 +还好开源的 [Pilosa][17] 再一次拯救了我们，它是一个用 Go 实现的分布式位图索引，使得 Gitbase 可以用于大规模的数据集。Pilosa 是开源的，它极大地加快了对多个海量数据集的查询。 ### 总结 -我想通过这篇博文，亲自感谢开源社区，是他们让我们在如此短的时间内创建了 gitbase，这是谁也没想到的。在 source{d}，我们是开源的坚定信仰者，`github.com/src-d` 下的每一行代码（包括我们的 OKRs 和投资者委员会）都可以证明这一点。 +我想通过这篇博文，亲自感谢开源社区，是他们让我们在如此短的时间内创建了 Gitbase，这是谁也没想到的。在 source{d} 公司，我们是开源的坚定信仰者，`github.com/src-d` 下的每一行代码（包括我们的 OKR 和投资者委员会）都可以证明这一点。 -你想尝试一下 gitbase 吗？最快、最简单的方法就是使用 source{d} 引擎。从 `sourced.tech/engine` 下载它，只需一个命令就能让 gitbase 运行起来。 +你想尝试一下 Gitbase 吗？最快、最简单的方法就是使用 source{d} 引擎。从 `sourced.tech/engine` 下载它，只需一个命令就能让 Gitbase 运行起来。 想了解更多吗？请查看我在 [Go SF meetup][18] 的演讲录音。 -![][19] - 这篇文章 [最初发表在][20] Medium 上，经授权后在此重新发布。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/18/11/gitbase 作者：[Francesc Campoy][a] 选题：[lkxed][b] 译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 01752b05c910913a1584f38ba0dce284be7a0713 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2022 23:41:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 33/94] RP @robsean https://linux.cn/article-14471-1.html --- ...stom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md | 69 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md (52%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md b/published/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md similarity index 52% rename from translated/tech/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md rename to published/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md index 60c330179f..98df548847 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md +++ b/published/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md @@ -3,47 +3,44 @@ [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "robsean" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14471-1.html" -创建你自己的自定义的 GNOME 的明暗壁纸 +如何创建你的自定义 GNOME 深浅壁纸 ====== -一份简单的指南 – 如何针对 GNOME 桌面环境来创建你的自定义明暗壁纸。 -[GNOME 42][1] 将备受期待的明暗主题到 GNOME 桌面环境。它也带来壁纸的明暗版本，当你切换明暗主题时，它会自动地转换。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/13/233814h9wwzwaqtwu9qthg.jpg) -因此，默认情况下，GNOME 给予你一套预配置的明暗壁纸。但是如果你想要在主题更改时自动地转换成另一种不同的壁纸要怎么做呢？ +> 一份简单的指南：如何针对 GNOME 桌面环境来创建你的自定义的深色和浅色壁纸。 -这里是如何在 GNOME 中配置和创建你自己的明暗壁纸的方法。 +[GNOME 42][1] 将备受期待的深浅主题带到 GNOME 桌面环境。它也带来壁纸的深色和浅色版本，当你切换深色或浅色主题时，它会自动地转换。 -### 如何针对 GNOME 桌面环境来创建自定义的明暗壁纸 +因此，默认情况下，GNOME 给予你一套预配置的深色和浅色壁纸。但是如果你想要在主题更改时自动地转换成另一种不同的壁纸要怎么做呢？ + +下面是如何在 GNOME 中配置和创建你自己的深浅壁纸的方法。 + +### 如何针对 GNOME 桌面环境来创建自定义的深浅壁纸 第一，确保你手边有两个版本的壁纸。一般来说，它们应该是标准的 PNG 或 JPG 图像文件。例如，我们针对这个示例使用下面的两张壁纸。 ![Sample light and dark wallpaper for demo][2] -但是，如果你没有合适的明暗壁纸，或者正在查找更多的壁纸，在这篇指南的结尾，我将让你知道如何获取它们，或者如何自己准备它们。请与我同行。 +但是，如果你没有合适的深浅壁纸，或者正在查找更多的壁纸，在这篇指南的结尾，我将让你知道如何获取它们，或者如何自己准备它们。请跟着我阅读。 -第二， 我们需要为我们自己创建一个 schema 文件。The automatic changing of wallpaper is handled by an XML file called adwaita.xml, 它定义了特殊的明暗背景标记。因此，我们将为壁纸创建我们自己的 XML 文件。 +第二，我们需要为我们自己创建一个模式文件。壁纸的自动更换是由一个名为 `adwaita.xml` 的 XML 文件处理的，它定义了特定的深色和浅色的背景标记。因此，我们将为壁纸创建我们自己的 XML 文件。 -为做到这一点，从 GitLab 复制 adwaita.xml 的内容，并创建一个新的 XML 文件 (链接在下面)。你能够会在这个文件中看到两个标记 – “filename” 和 “filename-dark”。这两个 XML 标记包含这两个壁纸的完整的限定的路径。现在，在这两个标记下添加你的图像文件的路径，如我下图所示。。 - -[从这里下载 XML 文件 (adwaita.xml)][3] +为做到这一点，[从 GitLab 复制][3] `adwaita.xml` 的内容，并创建一个新的 XML 文件。你能够会在这个文件中看到两个标记 – `filename` 和 `filename-dark`。这两个 XML 标记包含这两个壁纸的完整的限定的路径。现在，在这两个标记下添加你的图像文件的路径，如我下图所示。。 ![Change the XML file][4] -第三，使用你想要的任意名称保存这个文件。如果这里没有 “gnome-background-properties”，创建它。针对这个示例，我使用 my_cool_backgrounds.xml 。 +第三，把这个文件保存到 `/home//.local/share/gnome-background-properties`，（请将 `` 替换为你的用户名）文件名任意。如果这里没有 `gnome-background-properties` 目录，就创建它。针对这个示例，我使用 `my_cool_backgrounds.xml` 文件名。 ![Save the file][5] -与此同时，你就准备好了所有的东西。最后，打开 settings 并转到 Appearance 标签页，你应该会看到一个新的可视的壁纸选项。 +这样，你就准备好了所有的东西。最后，打开 “设置Settings” 并转到 “外观Appearance” 标签页，你应该会看到一个新的壁纸选项。 -[][6] - -请参考：新的 GNOME 文本编辑器 - 你需要知晓的一切 - -选择你自己的自定义的明暗壁纸，尽情享受。 +选择你自己的自定义的深浅壁纸，尽情享受。 ![Appearance tab has now your own custom light and dark wallpaper][7] @@ -51,48 +48,38 @@ 当然，你必然会想，谁有时间去查找和创建壁纸的日夜版本？这里有一些网站来向你提供预制好的动态壁纸，你可以轻松地下载和安装。 -我推荐的一个网站是 [dynamicwallpaper.club][8] ，针对 macOS 来说，它有一些高达 6K 的极好的高质量的壁纸。你可以轻松地下载它们。 +我推荐的一个网站是 [dynamicwallpaper.club][8] ，它有一些高达 6K 的极好的高质量的壁纸，可用于 macOS。你可以轻松地下载它们。 -此外，如果你打算从上述网站下载，请记住该网站的图像文件是 [heic][9] 格式的，因为这个网站是针对 macOS 的。高效视频编码 (HEIC) 是苹果的专有的 HEIF (High-Efficiency Image File) 的格式版本。 +此外，如果你打算从上述网站下载，请记住该网站的图像文件是 [heic][9] 格式的，因为这个网站是针对 macOS 的。高效视频编码High-Efficiency Video Coding（HEIC）是苹果的专有的 HEIF（高效图像文件High-Efficiency Image File）专有版本。 那么，如何在 Linux 系统中转换它们? 好吧，在 Ubuntu 或 Fedora Linux 中，你需要一个驱动程序来查看和转换动态的 heic 图像文件。打开一个终端，运行下面的命令开安装驱动程序。 Ubuntu 用户 – ``` - - sudo apt install heif-gdk-pixbuf - +sudo apt install heif-gdk-pixbuf ``` Fedora 用户 – ``` - - sudo dnf install libheif - +sudo dnf install libheif ``` -(没有这个插件的帮助，Plasma 应用程序就不能打开 heic 格式的图像文件) +只针对使用 KDE Plasma 的 Fedora/Ubuntu 用户（没有这个插件的帮助，Plasma 应用程序就不能打开 heic 格式的图像文件）： ``` - - sudo apt install qt-heif-image-plugin - sudo dnf install qt-heif-image-plugin - +sudo apt install qt-heif-image-plugin +sudo dnf install qt-heif-image-plugin ``` 最后，使用你喜欢的图像查看器打开 heic 图像文件，并将其保存为 JPG/PNG 图像文件。 -最好，不要忘记在下面的评论区告诉我，你是否能够针对 GNOME 桌面环境来创建你自己的自定义的明暗壁纸了。 +最好，不要忘记在下面的评论区告诉我，你是否能够针对 GNOME 桌面环境来创建你自己的自定义的深浅壁纸了。 ![Custom Light and Dark wallpaper in GNOME – transition][10] -谢谢。 - -* * * - -我们带来最新的科技、软件新闻和重要的题材。通过 [Telegram][11]、[Twitter][12][YouTube][13] 和 [Facebook][14] 保持联系、不错过一次更新! +感谢阅读。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -101,7 +88,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/custom-light-dark-wallpaper-gnome/ 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From f0a8a864941c95d105e37789d28027e913c6d7a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Thu, 14 Apr 2022 05:02:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 34/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220414=20Li?= =?UTF-8?q?breWolf=20vs=20Firefox:=20Comparing=20the=20Privacy=20Heroes=20?= =?UTF-8?q?of=20Open-Source=20Browsers?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220414 LibreWolf vs Firefox- Comparing the Privacy Heroes of Open-Source Browsers.md --- ... Privacy Heroes of Open-Source Browsers.md | 173 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 173 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220414 LibreWolf vs Firefox- Comparing the Privacy Heroes of Open-Source Browsers.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220414 LibreWolf vs Firefox- Comparing the Privacy Heroes of Open-Source Browsers.md b/sources/tech/20220414 LibreWolf vs Firefox- Comparing the Privacy Heroes of Open-Source Browsers.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..209d8124f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220414 LibreWolf vs Firefox- Comparing the Privacy Heroes of Open-Source Browsers.md @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +[#]: subject: "LibreWolf vs Firefox: Comparing the Privacy Heroes of Open-Source Browsers" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/librewolf-vs-firefox/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +LibreWolf vs Firefox: Comparing the Privacy Heroes of Open-Source Browsers +====== + +Firefox is one of the best cross-platform [open-source web browsers][1]. + +Not to mention, it is the only viable alternative as a Chromium-based replacement. Or, is it? + +LibreWolf is yet another interesting option, which is originally a Firefox fork that attempts to do better than Firefox to enhance privacy/security right out of the box. + +But, is it really useful to choose LibreWolf over Firefox? What are the differences? Let us take a look. + +### The User Interface + +Considering [LibreWolf][2] is a Firefox fork, the user interface is the same with a few subtle changes. + +![Firefox UI][3] + +For instance, it does not feature the link to the Firefox website in the bookmark menu and gets rid of the “Add to Pocket” button. + +Instead, you can find the icon to an extension, and the download manager to the right of the address bar. + +![LibreWolf UI][4] + +Yes, you no longer have to head to the menu to access the downloads. + +If you consider the extras in Firefox as annoyances, LibreWolf should be a clean experience. + +### Search Providers + +By default, Firefox utilizes Google as its search engine, considering they are official partners, i.e., Google pays to be the default search engine. + +![][5] + +While you can easily change the default search provider to DuckDuckGo, Startpage, or anything else, the default remains a big deal for most users. + +When it comes to LibreWolf, the default search engine is DuckDuckGo. It is known to be one of the best privacy-friendly search engines out there. + +![][6] + +It should be noted that the privacy-focused search engines may not be as good as Google for some use-cases. So, if the search engine choice does not bother you, Firefox can be just fine. + +However, if you want to keep your search history private to yourself, LibreWolf’s default search provider can prove to be a better option. + +### Hardened Privacy + +Mozilla Firefox is incredibly customizable. If you want to put the effort, you can enhance the digital privacy on Firefox. + +However, if you want to avoid investing a lot of time tweaking the Firefox experience, LibreWolf can be a good pick. + +LibreWolf features some of the best settings out-of-the-box to ensure you get rid of the trackers online and have a safe online experience. + +For instance, it features the UBlock content blocker by default to eliminate trackers/scripts that track your online activities. The default search engine as DuckDuckGo also helps to an extent. + +![][7] + +Furthermore, LibreWolf enables the Strict mode of Firefox’s Enhanced Tracking Protection. In other words, it blocks trackers aggressively, which might result in some web pages not working as expected. + +![][8] + +While LibreWolf recommends not changing these settings, you can choose to use Firefox if you notice web pages breaking with the settings. + +Firefox uses the basic protection enabled to get rid of common trackers without breaking the user experience on web pages. + +In addition to these settings, LibreWolf also deletes cookies and site data upon exit by default. This can be annoying if you want to stay signed in to websites and resume your browsing session quickly. + +When it comes to Firefox, it does feature the same option, but it remains disabled by default. So, if you want to avoid tweaking built-in settings for a convenient experience, you should pick Firefox. + +![][9] + +No wonder why Firefox is still one of the [best browsers available for Linux][10]. Most of the users prefer convenience to enhance privacy while still being able to use the browser cross-platform. + +### Google Safe Browsing + +Google Safe Browsing is a useful service that warns/flags suspicious websites for malicious activities. + +Most browsers use it to enable a safe user experience. You do not need to be an expert at spotting sites with phishing/malware, Google Safe Browsing helps you detect them. + +Mozilla Firefox uses it with a different name “**Phishing Protection**“, which is enabled by default. + +However, with LibreWolf the Google Safe Browsing service comes disabled by default to avoid connecting to Google services. You can enable it, but it is not something that users look for when setting up their browsers. + +![][11] + +So, if you want additional help in avoiding malicious sites, Firefox should be a good out-of-the-box solution. And, if you know what you’re doing, you can go with LibreWolf, and enable the setting when/if required. + +### Extras + +LibreWolf gets rid of any additional offerings on Firefox. + +For instance, LibreWolf does not have any connections to the Mozilla server by default. Some of the changes that it reflects include: + + * You do not get the sync/sign-in functionality with LibreWolf. + * No Add to Pocket button + * You do not load the Mozilla add-ons/themes on the extensions page. + + + +![][12] + +If you want to use the Mozilla account to sync your history/bookmarks and browser data, Firefox is the best bet. There’s also Firefox VPN, if you prefer using it. + +![][13] + +However, if you do not trust any of the Mozilla services and prefer to sever any connections to them on your browser, LibreWolf is your friend. + +### Cross-Platform Support + +Firefox is available for Android and iOS, and works well with a wide range of screen sizes and devices. + +Unfortunately, LibreWolf is limited to the desktop platforms like macOS, Windows, OpenBSD, and Linux. + +### Community-Based vs Backed by Organization + +[LibreWolf][14] is a community-powered project maintained by a few passionate contributors to promote privacy, security, and user freedom. + +If you prefer what LibreWolf has to offer, it should not be a problem to go with it. Even with a small team, they follow the latest Firefox releases and push an update as soon as possible. + +In contrast, the Mozilla Foundation is a much bigger organization and has been setting extraordinary examples to promote customizability, privacy, and security. + +You will be receiving updates faster than LibreWolf, which is an important aspect if you are worried about your browser’s security. + +There are no critical downsides of Firefox being a part of something bigger, but there may be some future decisions (or changes) that you may not like, put forward by Mozilla for its users. + +But, LibreWolf as a community project will keep user preferences as its priority. + +### Final Verdict + +If convenience is your thing where you require sync/sign-in account features, Mozilla-specific offerings, and essential privacy protections, Mozilla Firefox should suit you better. + +In case you do not want cloud-sync features, extras, and hardcore privacy-focused settings out of the box, LibreWolf will be the perfect solution. + +Performance-wise, both should offer similar experiences. The benchmarks test (Basemark 3.0, Speedometer 2.0) didn’t work with LibreWolf for some reason, so I did not include any performance comparison chart. + +I will prefer using Firefox because I do need the convenience of account-based sync without aggressive blocking capability. However, LibreWolf is a solid alternative for those who want to switch away from Firefox or just want to try something that’s laser-focused on user freedom and privacy. + +What will it be for you? Let me know your thoughts in the comments below. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/librewolf-vs-firefox/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-browsers-linux/ +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/librewolf/ +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-ui-1.png +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-ui-1.png +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-google-search.png +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-duckduckgo.png +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-ublock-origin.png +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-privacy-settings.png +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-privacy-settings.png +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/best-browsers-ubuntu-linux/ +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/librewolf-security.png +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-extras.png +[13]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox-sign-in.png +[14]: https://librewolf.net/ From 471356aa9d0496d38f48e946674dae1efdc32ca0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Thu, 14 Apr 2022 05:02:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 35/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220412=20A?= =?UTF-8?q?=20list=20of=20new(ish)=20command=20line=20tools?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md --- ...2 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md | 188 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 188 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md b/sources/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4526ff2aa8 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ +[#]: subject: "A list of new(ish) command line tools" +[#]: via: "https://jvns.ca/blog/2022/04/12/a-list-of-new-ish--command-line-tools/" +[#]: author: "Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +A list of new(ish) command line tools +====== + +Hello! Today I asked [on twitter][1] about newer command line tools, like `ripgrep` and `fd` and `fzf` and `exa` and `bat`. + +I got a bunch of replies with tools I hadn’t heard of, so I thought I’d make a list here. A lot of people also pointed at the [modern-unix][2] list. + +### replacements for standard tools + + * [ripgrep][3], [ag][4], [ack][5] (grep) + * [exa][6], [lsd][7] (ls) + * [mosh][8] (ssh) + * [bat][9] (cat) + * [delta][10] (a pager for git) + * [fd][11] (find) + * [drill][12], [dog][13] (dig) + * [duf][14] (df) + * [dust][15], ncdu (du) + * [pgcli][16] (psql) + * [btm][17], [btop][18], [glances][19], [gtop][20], [zenith][21] (top) + * [tldr][22] (man, sort of) + * [sd][23] (sed) + * [difftastic][24] (diff) + * mtr (traceroute) + * [plocate][25] (locate) + * xxd, [hexyl][26] (hexdump) + + + +### new inventions + +Here are some tools that are not exactly replacements for standard tools: + + * [z][27], [fasd][28], [autojump][29], [zoxide][30] (tools to make it easier to find files / change directories) + * [broot][31], [nnn][32], [ranger][33] (file manager) + * [direnv][34] (load environment variables depending on the current directory) + * [fzf][35], [peco][36] (“fuzzy finder”) + * [croc][37] and [magic-wormhole][38] (send files from one computer to another) + * [hyperfine][39] (benchmarking) + * [httpie][40], [curlie][41], [xh][42] (for making HTTP requests) + * [entr][43] (run arbitrary commands when files change) + * [asdf][44] (version manager for multiple languages) + * [tig][45], [lazygit][46] (interactive interfaces for git) + * [lazydocker][47] (interactive interface for docker) + * [choose][48] (the basics of awk/cut) + * [ctop][49] (top for containers) + * [fuck][50] (autocorrect command line errors) + * [tmate][51] (share your terminal with a friend) + * [lnav][52], [angle-grinder][53] (tools for managing logs) + * [mdp][54], [glow][55] (ways to display markdown in the terminal) + * pbcopy/pbpaste (for clipboard <> stdin/stdout) maybe aren’t “new” but were mentioned a lot. You can [use xclip][56] to do the same thing on Linux. + + + +**JSON/YAML/CSV things:** + + * [jq][57] (a great JSON-wrangling tool) + * [jc][58] (convert various tools’ output into JSON) + * [jo][59] (create JSON objects) + * [yq][60] (like `jq`, but for YAML). there’s also [another yq][61] + * [fq][62] (like `jq`, but for binary) + * [htmlq][63] (like `jq`, but for HTML) + * [fx][64] (interactive json tool) + * [jless][65] (json pager) + * [xsv][66] (a command line tool for csv files, from burntsushi) + * [visidata][67] (“an interactive multitool for tabular data”) + * [miller][68] (“like awk/sed/cut/join/sort for CSV/TSV/JSON/JSON lines”) + + + +**grep things:** + + * [pdfgrep][69] (grep for PDF) + * [gron][70] (make JSON greppable) + * [ripgrep-all][71] (ripgrep, but also PDF, zip, ebooks, etc) + + + +### less-new tools + +Here are a few of not-so-new tools folks mentioned aren’t that well known: + + * pv (“pipe viewer”, gives you a progress bar for a pipe) + * vidir (from [moreutils][72], lets you batch rename/delete files in vim) + * sponge, ts, parallel (also from moreutils) + + + +### some of my favourites + +My favourites of these that I use already are `entr`, `ripgrep`, `git-delta`, `httpie`, `plocate`, and `jq`. + +I’m interested in trying out `direnv`, `btm`, `z`, `xsv`, and `duf`, but I think the most exciting tool I learned about is `vidir`. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2022/04/12/a-list-of-new-ish--command-line-tools/ + +作者：[Julia Evans][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://jvns.ca/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://twitter.com/b0rk/status/1513903221466664962 +[2]: https://github.com/ibraheemdev/modern-unix +[3]: https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep/ +[4]: https://github.com/ggreer/the_silver_searcher +[5]: https://github.com/beyondgrep/ack3 +[6]: https://github.com/ogham/exa +[7]: https://github.com/Peltoche/lsd +[8]: https://mosh.org/ +[9]: https://github.com/sharkdp/bat +[10]: https://github.com/dandavison/delta +[11]: https://github.com/sharkdp/fd +[12]: https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/projects/ldns/about/ +[13]: https://github.com/ogham/dog +[14]: https://github.com/muesli/duf +[15]: https://github.com/bootandy/dust +[16]: https://www.pgcli.com/ +[17]: https://github.com/ClementTsang/bottom +[18]: https://github.com/aristocratos/btop +[19]: https://github.com/nicolargo/glances +[20]: https://github.com/aksakalli/gtop +[21]: https://github.com/bvaisvil/zenith +[22]: https://tldr.sh/ +[23]: https://github.com/chmln/sd +[24]: https://github.com/Wilfred/difftastic +[25]: https://plocate.sesse.net/ +[26]: https://github.com/sharkdp/hexyl +[27]: https://github.com/rupa/z +[28]: https://github.com/clvv/fasd +[29]: https://github.com/wting/autojump +[30]: https://github.com/ajeetdsouza/zoxide +[31]: https://github.com/Canop/broot +[32]: https://github.com/jarun/nnn +[33]: https://github.com/ranger/ranger +[34]: https://github.com/direnv/direnv +[35]: https://github.com/junegunn/fzf +[36]: https://github.com/peco/peco +[37]: https://github.com/schollz/croc +[38]: https://github.com/magic-wormhole/magic-wormhole +[39]: https://github.com/sharkdp/hyperfine +[40]: https://httpie.io/ +[41]: https://github.com/rs/curlie +[42]: https://github.com/ducaale/xh +[43]: https://github.com/eradman/entr +[44]: https://github.com/asdf-vm/asdf +[45]: https://github.com/jonas/tig +[46]: https://github.com/jesseduffield/lazygit +[47]: https://github.com/jesseduffield/lazydocker +[48]: https://github.com/theryangeary/choose +[49]: https://github.com/bcicen/ctop +[50]: https://github.com/nvbn/thefuck +[51]: https://tmate.io/ +[52]: https://github.com/tstack/lnav +[53]: https://github.com/rcoh/angle-grinder +[54]: https://github.com/visit1985/mdp +[55]: https://github.com/charmbracelet/glow +[56]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5130968/how-can-i-copy-the-output-of-a-command-directly-into-my-clipboard/41843618#41843618 +[57]: https://stedolan.github.io/jq/ +[58]: https://github.com/kellyjonbrazil/jc +[59]: https://github.com/jpmens/jo +[60]: https://github.com/mikefarah/yq +[61]: https://github.com/kislyuk/yq +[62]: https://github.com/wader/fq +[63]: https://github.com/mgdm/htmlq +[64]: https://github.com/antonmedv/fx +[65]: https://github.com/PaulJuliusMartinez/jless +[66]: https://github.com/BurntSushi/xsv +[67]: https://www.visidata.org/ +[68]: https://github.com/johnkerl/miller +[69]: https://pdfgrep.org/ +[70]: https://github.com/tomnomnom/gron +[71]: https://github.com/phiresky/ripgrep-all +[72]: https://joeyh.name/code/moreutils From 44fbdf68afaacaa8ec2ade2c62635bee6fc6154a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Thu, 14 Apr 2022 05:03:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 36/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[news]:=2020220413=20Ra?= =?UTF-8?q?zer=20and=20Lambda=20Team=20Up=20to=20Unveil=20a=20Linux=20Lapt?= =?UTF-8?q?op=20for=20Deep=20Learning?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md --- ...Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md | 99 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 99 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md b/sources/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..04d8f681dc --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +[#]: subject: "Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/tensorbook-razer-lambda/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning +====== + +Razer is known for its gaming peripherals and hardware. + +On the other hand, Lambda offers workstations, servers, and GPU clusters equipped with their software stack to facilitate deep learning as conveniently as possible. + +They have collaborated to present a sleek-looking modern laptop (powered by Ubuntu 20.04) tailored for deep learning on the go. + +And, it isn’t like any [other Linux laptops][1] available. + +In case you are curious, deep learning is a type of machine learning where you teach a computer to process information similar to how humans do (by example). You can explore [Wikipedia][2] for more details. + +### Tensorbook: The Deep Learning Laptop + +![][3] + +The Tensorbook is a Linux-powered laptop with state-of-the-art specifications to help you efficiently work with deep learning training/development anywhere. And, Lambda’s software stack supports all the tools to conveniently update PyTorch, Tensorflow, CUDA, etc., with just a single command. + +Of course, the name isn’t a surprise, considering tensor cores help speed up the machine learning training/process. + +![][4] + +Razer did not add any of their usual signature patterns with this laptop, like a green accent/color, logo, or RGB elements. Well, for the greater good, this is tailored for deep learning. So, it is only fair that it isn’t too flashy. + +You only find the lambda logo as the primary on the lid and a Razer x Lambda text on the bottom bezel of the screen. And, the purple accent goes all over, Lambda taking the lead on its branding here. + +The specifications for the laptop involve: + + * **GPU**: GeForce RTX 3080 Max-Q 16 GB VRAM + * **CPU:** Intel i7-11800H + * **RAM:** 64 GB 3200 MHz DDR4 + * **Storage:** 2 TB NVMe PCIe 4.0 + * **Display:** 165 Hz 1440p 15.6-inch + + + +In addition to the solid core configuration, the connectivity options include: + + * 3 x USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-A ports + * 1 x HDMI 2.1 + * 1 x UHS-III SD Card Reader + * 3.5 mm Headphone/Microphone jack + * 2 x Thunderbolt 4 ports + * Wi-Fi 6E + * Bluetooth 5.2 + + + +Undoubtedly, the laptop is a sleek powerhouse with all the components packed in it. + +The RTX 3080 GPU should be capable enough to help with your deep learning tasks, whether you are a professional or a beginner. + +Of course, it isn’t pitched for gaming, but with what you have, along with a high refresh rate screen, you can comfortably game on it when you want. + +![][5] + +The machine learning training benchmarks claim that it is way ahead of the M1 Max chip. + +So, you will not have any trouble with training models. + +### Pricing and Availability + +It is a premium offering, so the price tag suits the same, starting at **$3499**. You can customize it for enterprise settings to pack in Windows 10 and Ubuntu. + +An extended warranty and premium support is available if you want to pay the extra. + +You can customize and proceed with the purchase on Lambda’s official website. + +[Tensorbook][6] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/tensorbook-razer-lambda/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/get-linux-laptops/ +[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_learning +[3]: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/wMh6Dhq7P_Q/hqdefault.jpg +[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjgwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjcyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= +[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjYwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjgyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= +[6]: https://lambdalabs.com/deep-learning/laptops/tensorbook From 68719c97eb045eec6df29e34e14b1bdcef423188 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Thu, 14 Apr 2022 08:17:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 37/94] RP @lkxed https://linux.cn/article-14472-1.html --- ...nd Light Wallpaper Variants in GNOME 42.md | 35 +++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220409 How to Activate the Dark and Light Wallpaper Variants in GNOME 42.md (74%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220409 How to Activate the Dark and Light Wallpaper Variants in GNOME 42.md b/published/20220409 How to Activate the Dark and Light Wallpaper Variants in GNOME 42.md similarity index 74% rename from translated/tech/20220409 How to Activate the Dark and Light Wallpaper Variants in GNOME 42.md rename to published/20220409 How to Activate the Dark and Light Wallpaper Variants in GNOME 42.md index 54f7eaa1f9..947071526f 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220409 How to Activate the Dark and Light Wallpaper Variants in GNOME 42.md +++ b/published/20220409 How to Activate the Dark and Light Wallpaper Variants in GNOME 42.md @@ -3,43 +3,45 @@ [#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14472-1.html" 如何启用 GNOME 42 中的深色和浅色双主题壁纸 ====== GNOME 42 的主要 [功能][1] 之一就是提供了深色和浅色模式的双主题壁纸。 -![GNOME 42 中的深色和浅色壁纸][4] +![GNOME 42 中的深色和浅色壁纸][2] 基本上，有了这个功能，当你切换到浅色模式时，系统就会使用浅色版本的壁纸。而当你 [在 GNOME 中切换到深色模式][3]时，壁纸就会切换成深色的版本。 -下面是一个双主题壁纸的例子，你可以移动滑块来进行比较： +下面是一个双主题壁纸的例子，你可以比较一下： -![GNOME 中的深色和浅色双主题壁纸][4] +![GNOME 中的深色和浅色双主题壁纸：浅色][4] -这种双主题壁纸可在“设置 > 外观”的“背景”部分中启用。 +![GNOME 中的深色和浅色双主题壁纸：深色][4a] + +这种双主题壁纸可在“设置Settings > 外观Appearance”的“背景Background”部分中启用。 然而，在某些情况下，设置中可能没有双主题壁纸，你可能会看到一个空的“背景”部分，像下面这样： ![没有双主题壁纸][5] -这是我的队友 Sreenath 在更新他的 Endeavour OS 系统、得到新的 GNOME 42 桌面时注意到的情况。 +这是我的同事 Sreenath 在更新他的 Endeavour OS 系统、得到新的 GNOME 42 桌面时注意到的情况。 ### 在 GNOME 42 中启用深色和浅色双主题壁纸 -如果你也在 GNOME 42 中面临同样的情况，我这里有一个快速而简单的解决方案。你只需要使用软件包管理器，安装 gnome-backgrounds 软件包，问题就会得到解决。 +如果你也在 GNOME 42 中面临同样的情况，我这里有一个快速而简单的解决方案。你只需要使用软件包管理器，安装 `gnome-backgrounds` 软件包，问题就会得到解决。 -首先，请 [检查桌面环境细节][6]，确保你正在运行 GNOME 42。你可以在系统设置的“关于”部分查看你的桌面版本。 +首先，请 [检查桌面环境细节][6]，确保你正在运行 GNOME 42。你可以在系统设置的“关于About”部分查看你的桌面版本。 当你确定你的系统安装了 GNOME 42，请继续执行剩下的步骤。 对于 [基于 Arch 的发行版][7]，请使用 [pacman 命令][8]，如下： -```shell - sudo pacman -S gnome-backgrounds +``` +sudo pacman -S gnome-backgrounds ``` 等待命令执行完毕。 @@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ GNOME 42 的主要 [功能][1] 之一就是提供了深色和浅色模式的双 你不需要重新启动，甚至不需要注销。改动将立即生效。 -你只需进入“设置”中的“外观”，然后选择“背景”部分，应该就会看到各种具有双重模式的壁纸。 +你只需进入“设置Settings > 外观Appearance”，然后选择“背景Background”部分，应该就会看到各种具有双重模式的壁纸。 选择其中的一对，它就会根据你的系统主题来设置图像。 @@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ GNOME 42 的主要 [功能][1] 之一就是提供了深色和浅色模式的双 ### 制作你自己的双主题壁纸（针对高级用户） -我假设你知道自己在干什么，当你尝试下面的步骤，以在深色和浅色双主题壁纸中添加额外的壁纸时： +我假设你知道自己在干什么，你可以搜索下面的步骤，以在深色和浅色双主题壁纸中添加额外的壁纸时： * 下载两张图片 * 把浅色壁纸重命名为 `image-l.jpg`，把深色壁纸重命名为 `image-d.jpg` @@ -69,6 +71,8 @@ GNOME 42 的主要 [功能][1] 之一就是提供了深色和浅色模式的双 需要更多帮助吗？WOGUE 有一个很好的视频，里面展示了这些步骤的操作。 +![video](https://youtu.be/y1vSt1_ZKps) + 我希望你喜欢这个快速小技巧。祝你体验愉快！ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -78,7 +82,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/dark-light-wallpaper-gnome/ 作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 @@ -88,6 +92,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/dark-light-wallpaper-gnome/ [2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/fedora-36-gnome-42-dark-800x450.jpg [3]: https://itsfoss.com/fedora-dark-mode/ [4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GNOME_Light_Desktop.jpg +[4a]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GNOME_Dark_Desktop.jpg [5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/no-dark-light-wallpaper-in-gnome-800x326.png [6]: https://itsfoss.com/find-desktop-environment/ [7]: https://itsfoss.com/arch-based-linux-distros/ From 4ae918ec8f15ba6ec298091c6a59d32a3b64269c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Thu, 14 Apr 2022 09:52:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 38/94] translated --- ...rminal with the konsolekalendar command.md | 151 ------------------ ...rminal with the konsolekalendar command.md | 150 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 150 insertions(+), 151 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md b/sources/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md deleted file mode 100644 index f3062da814..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,151 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/2/manage-calendar-linux-konsolekalender-kde" -[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command -====== -KDE is well-suited for terminal-based calendaring on Linux. The -konsolekalendar command lets you view and manage an iCal calendar from -the terminal. -![Calendar close up snapshot][1] - -I'm a [KDE user][2], and for years I've been on a seemingly endless journey of discovery with the Plasma Desktop. If you were to ask me in public, I'd probably claim to know everything there is to know about the desktop I use every day of my life. But in truth, I've actually only just scratched the surface. It seems every day I learn a new KDE trick that either makes my life easier or just more fun, and my latest discovery is the `konsolekalendar` command, which lets you view and manage an iCal calendar from the terminal. - -### Akonadi - -The Akonadi project is a low-level KDE Framework that helps the Plasma Desktop keep track of all the Personal Information Manager (PIM) data. It's mostly for developers and includes lots of libraries that allow a programmer to create applications through which you can access your contacts, notes, emails, calendar, and so on. Some terminal commands are included in Akonadi, such as `akonadictl` to start and stop the Akonadi service, but they're mostly for troubleshooting. However, `konsolekalendar` is a user-facing command that provides you full access to all the data in the Kontact suite, including KMail, Notes, and the Calendar. - -If you're running KDE's Plasma Desktop, then you already have the Kontact suite installed. - -![Kontact UI][3] - -(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -You also already have Akonadi and its tools installed, so everything you need for terminal-based calendaring is in place! - -### View your calendar from the terminal - -You can host your own iCal calendaring service thanks to projects like [NextCloud][5] and [Radicale][6], or you may already have an iCal account with popular providers (for instance, Google). When you use Kontact for calendaring, you subscribe to a calendar object (a "collection" in Akonadi's terminology). When you make updates to your local calendar, the changes get sent back to your iCal server to synchronize your calendar server and client. - -Whether or not you've used the calendaring part of Kontact yet, you have some default calendar objects in Kontact. You have one called **Personal Calendar** and **Birthdays & Anniversaries**. - -Here's how to display the current day's calendar (**Personal Calendar** by default): - - -``` - - -$ konsolekalendar -Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 -        10:00 AM - 11:00 AM -Summary: Covid booster shot -UID: 8d8a1e38-c88c-4d84-99e5-23... -\---------------------------------- -Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 -        12:00 PM - 01:00 PM -Summary: Lunch -UID: 7aa89a... -\---------------------------------- -Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 -        01:00 PM - 04:45 PM -Summary: Afternoon coding -UID: 9cde38b... -\---------------------------------- -Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 -        06:00 PM - 10:00 PM -Summary: Planescape game -UID: c73f7e98-722f-48a2-8006-66... -\---------------------------------- - -``` - -### Add an event - -To see all calendars you've subscribed to, use the `--list-calendars` option: - - -``` - - -$ konsolekalendar --list-calendars -\---------------------------------- -3  - (Read only) Birthdays & Anniversaries -11 - Personal Calendar -60 - (Read only) Open Invitations -61 - (Read only) Declined Invitations -66 - Dnd -67 - Work -68 - Museum - -``` - -The numbers on the left are calendar IDs. To add an event to a specific calendar, use the `--calendar` option, followed by the calendar ID: - - -``` - - -$ konsolekalendar --add --calendar 66 \ -\--date 2022-01-16 \ -\--time 20:00 --end-time 23:59 \ -\--summary "Another game" \ -\--description "Remember to bring dice" \ -Success: "Another game" inserted - -``` - -### Delete an event - -You can also remove events. Each event has a unique ID (UID), provided at the bottom of each event listing: - - -``` - - -$ konsolekalendar --list -Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 -        06:00 PM - 10:00 PM -Summary: Planescape game -UID: c73f7e98-722f-48a2-8006-66aa8ddcf789 - -``` - -To delete an event, use the `--delete` option along with the `--uid` option: - - -``` - - -$ konsolekalendar --delete \ -\--uid c73f7e98-722f-48a2-8006-66aa8ddcf789 - -``` - -### Akonadi in the terminal - -Everything you do with `konsolekalendar` is immediately performed in Akonadi and is reflected just as quickly in Kontact itself. Using one doesn't mean you have to give up the other. Thanks to their shared Akonadi backend, the two view and edit the same data. The `konsolekalendar` command is a work in progress. Future plans include integration with the Notes and Journal parts of Kontact, and there are many more options available than this article covered. If you're using the KDE desktop, try `konsolekalendar` and experience a PIM for your terminal! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/manage-calendar-linux-konsolekalender-kde - -作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/calendar.jpg?itok=jEKbhvDT (Calendar close up snapshot) -[2]: https://opensource.com/article/17/5/7-cool-kde-tweaks-will-improve-your-life -[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/kontact.jpg (Kontact UI) -[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ -[5]: https://opensource.com/article/21/1/nextcloud-productivity -[6]: https://radicale.org/v3.html diff --git a/translated/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md b/translated/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1b1a9aaf75 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +[#]: subject: "Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/2/manage-calendar-linux-konsolekalender-kde" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +用 konsolekalendar 命令从 Linux 终端管理你的日历 +====== +KDE 很适合在 Linux 上进行基于终端的日程安排。konsolekalendar 命令让你从终端查看和管理 iCal 日历。 + +![Calendar close up snapshot][1] + +我是一个 [KDE 用户][2]，多年来我一直在 Plasma 桌面上进行着看似无尽的探索之旅。如果你在公开场合问我，我可能会声称自己对我每天使用的桌面了如指掌。但实际上，我只是刚刚触及到表面而已。似乎每天我都能学到一个新的 KDE 技巧，让我的生活变得更轻松或更有趣，我最新的发现是 `konsolekalendar` 命令，它让你从终端查看和管理 iCal 日历。 + +### Akonadi + +Akonadi 项目是一个底层 KDE 框架，帮助 Plasma 桌面跟踪所有的个人信息管理器（PIM）数据。它主要是为开发者服务的，包括很多库，允许程序员创建应用，通过这些程序你可以访问你的联系人、笔记、电子邮件、日历等等。Akonadi 中包括一些终端命令，比如 `akonadictl` 可以启动和停止 Akonadi 服务，但它们主要是为了排除故障。然而，`konsolekalendar` 是一个面向用户的命令，可以让你完全访问 Kontact 套件的所有数据，包括 KMail、Notes 和日历。 + +如果你正在运行 KDE 的 Plasma 桌面，那么你已经安装了 Kontact 套件。 + +![Kontact UI][3] + +（Seth Kenlon，[CC BY-SA 4.0][4]） + +你也已经安装了 Akonadi 和它的工具，所以你所需要的基于终端的日历完成了! + +### 从终端查看你的日历 + +由于 [NextCloud][5] 和 [Radicale][6] 等项目的存在，你可以托管自己的 iCal 日历服务，或者你可能已经在流行的供应商（例如，Google）那里拥有一个 iCal 账户。当你使用 Kontact 做日历时，你订阅了一个日历对象（用 Akonadi 的术语说是一个“集合”）。当你对你的本地日历进行更新时，这些变化会被送回你的 iCal 服务器以同步你的日历服务器和客户端。 + +无论你是否使用过 Kontact 的日历部分，你在 Kontact 中都有一些默认的日历对象。你有一个叫**个人日历**和**生日和纪念日**。 + +以下是如何显示当天的日历（默认为**个人日历**）： + + +``` + + +$ konsolekalendar +Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 +        10:00 AM - 11:00 AM +Summary: Covid booster shot +UID: 8d8a1e38-c88c-4d84-99e5-23... +\---------------------------------- +Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 +        12:00 PM - 01:00 PM +Summary: Lunch +UID: 7aa89a... +\---------------------------------- +Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 +        01:00 PM - 04:45 PM +Summary: Afternoon coding +UID: 9cde38b... +\---------------------------------- +Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 +        06:00 PM - 10:00 PM +Summary: Planescape game +UID: c73f7e98-722f-48a2-8006-66... +\---------------------------------- + +``` + +### 添加一个事件 + +要查看你订阅的所有日历，请使用 `--list-calendars` 选项： + + +``` + + +$ konsolekalendar --list-calendars +\---------------------------------- +3  - (Read only) Birthdays & Anniversaries +11 - Personal Calendar +60 - (Read only) Open Invitations +61 - (Read only) Declined Invitations +66 - Dnd +67 - Work +68 - Museum + +``` + +左边的数字是日历的 ID。要添加一个事件到一个特定的日历，请使用 `--calendar` 选项，然后是日历 ID： + + +``` + + +$ konsolekalendar --add --calendar 66 \ +\--date 2022-01-16 \ +\--time 20:00 --end-time 23:59 \ +\--summary "Another game" \ +\--description "Remember to bring dice" \ +Success: "Another game" inserted + +``` + +### 删除一个事件 + +你也可以删除事件。每个事件都有一个唯一的 ID（UID），在每个事件列表的底部提供： + + +``` + + +$ konsolekalendar --list +Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 +        06:00 PM - 10:00 PM +Summary: Planescape game +UID: c73f7e98-722f-48a2-8006-66aa8ddcf789 + +``` + +要删除一个事件，请使用 `--delete` 选项，同时使用 `--uid` 选项： + + +``` + + +$ konsolekalendar --delete \ +\--uid c73f7e98-722f-48a2-8006-66aa8ddcf789 + +``` + +### 终端中的 Akonadi + +你用 `konsolekalendar` 所做的一切都会立即在 Akonadi 中执行，并在 Kontact 中得到同样快的反映。使用一个并不意味着你必须放弃另一个。由于它们共享 Akonadi 后端，两者查看和编辑相同的数据。`konsolekalendar` 命令是一项正在进行的工作。未来的计划包括与 Kontact 的 Notes 和 Journal 部分的整合，而且还有很多比本文所涉及的更多的选项。如果你在使用 KDE 桌面，试试 `konsolekalendar`，体验一下终端的 PIM! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/manage-calendar-linux-konsolekalender-kde + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/calendar.jpg?itok=jEKbhvDT (Calendar close up snapshot) +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/17/5/7-cool-kde-tweaks-will-improve-your-life +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/kontact.jpg (Kontact UI) +[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/21/1/nextcloud-productivity +[6]: https://radicale.org/v3.html From 73bf48b5bc8cb925a88b4d3abb82731632a731d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Thu, 14 Apr 2022 11:00:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 39/94] translating --- sources/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md b/sources/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md index 4526ff2aa8..661802a8e0 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://jvns.ca/blog/2022/04/12/a-list-of-new-ish--command-line-tools/" [#]: author: "Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 62c22052ab59127451b81d154cf59947c2aab32a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Fri, 15 Apr 2022 05:02:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 40/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220414=20Ub?= =?UTF-8?q?untu=20Budgie=2022.04=20LTS=20=E2=80=93=20New=20Features=20and?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Release=20Details?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220414 Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md --- ... LTS - New Features and Release Details.md | 105 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 105 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220414 Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220414 Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/tech/20220414 Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eda15c88de --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220414 Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +[#]: subject: "Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-lts/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details +====== +A LIST OF NEW FEATURES IN THE UBUNTU BUDGIE 22.04 LTS RELEASE. +Ubuntu Budgie is the official Ubuntu flavour that features the Budgie Desktop Environment. It is uniquely designed to give you an alternative desktop experience while depending upon the GNOME stack. Written in C and Vala, the Budgie desktop uses GTK 3.x series for its components. + +![Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS Desktop][1] + +### Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS – New Features + +[Ubuntu 22.04 LT][2]S is the base for Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS, which features the [Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS][3] and underlying base packages. The Linux KErnel 5.15 brings proper support for all the latest CPU, GPU and SoC lineup from the popular manufacturers. Let’s take a look at the Budgie core improvements in this release. + +Firstly, this release brings the latest Budgie 10.6 series which brings several improvements since the last LTS version of Ubuntu Budgie. The major changes include the budgie-indicator-applet, which has now swapped to support ayatana-indicators. Also, ayatana-indicator-applet and ayatana-webmail installation are now possible, supporting desktop notification integration with Evolution and Thunderbird email client. + +Secondly, the system tray now looks more professional with proper spacing between the icons, and the app indicator is now shown at the beginning of the system tray. + +In addition to that, the GNOME Control Center (settings) is now hidden from the main menu, and the Budgie Control Center replaces it. The Budgie control centre was introduced in version 10.6 onwards, and it gives you the necessary options to configure Budgie desktop components. + +Moreover, the desktop layout and appearance get updated WhiteSur icon and GTK themes, GTK4+ compatible Arch themes and the Pocillo icon theme. All the underlying icons and layout themes match with their latest upstream version in this release. + +Furthermore, the important Budgie Welcome tool now features both Brave browser and Microsoft Edge as an option to install. And a new Chrome OS desktop layout is available in this release for those who like the Chrome OS layout. + +![New Chrome OS Layout in Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS][4] + +One of the interesting changes in this release is related to the Firefox web browser. Recently Ubuntu made the transition to Firefox Snap instead of the deb version. So, Budgie also removed the deb version of Firefox from this release and added the snap version. But also, Canonical’s Firefox ESR (extended support release) PPA is now a browser option for all supported releases. + +[][2] + +SEE ALSO:   Ubuntu 22.04 LTS "Jammy Jellyfish" - New Features and Release Details + +Finally, a few stunning default wallpaper and the inclusion of the Mesa 22 3D graphics layer make it a somewhat interesting release of Ubuntu Budgie. + +### Summary and Download + +Here is a quick recap and summary of the changes with applications. + + * Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS + * Budgie Desktop 10.6.1 + * Budgie Control Center instead of GNOME Control Center + * New Chrome OS Layout + * Updated Themes and Icons to match their upstream versions + * Cosmetic changes to the top panel + * Firefox Snap replaces Firefox deb (with Firefox ESR PPA as an alternative) + * Mesa 22 + + + * Firefox 99.x + * LibreOffice 7.3.x + * Nemo File Manager 5.2.4 + * Tilix Terminal 1.2.4 + * Gedit text editor 41.0 + * RISCV64 architecture support from this release + + + +Last but not the least, this may be the last Ubuntu Budgie LTS release with the Budgie desktop as the team may move to EFL desktop in the coming years which you can [read here.][5] But I guess this official flavour will continue to serve users via a fork. + +Overall, a moderate long term support release considering the above new features and updates. Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS is available to download using the below link as Beta. You may want to give it a try before the final release. + + * [ubuntu-budgie-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][6] + + * [ubuntu-budgie-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent][7] + + * + + +_Via [release notes][8]._ + +* * * + +We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][9], [Twitter][10], [YouTube][11], and [Facebook][12] and never miss an update! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-lts/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-Budgie-22.04-LTS-Desktop-1024x579.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-kernel-5-15/ +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/New-Chrome-OS-Layout-in-Ubuntu-Budgie-22.04-LTS-1024x596.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/09/solus-exit-gtk/ +[6]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-budgie/releases/22.04/beta/ubuntu-budgie-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso +[7]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-budgie/releases/22.04/beta/ubuntu-budgie-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent +[8]: https://ubuntubudgie.org/2022/03/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-lts-release-notes/ +[9]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[10]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[11]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[12]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From cfe8e2f06d40f7662c08b1cf2146b8e1dd09b242 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Xingyu.Wang" Date: Fri, 15 Apr 2022 08:45:04 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 41/94] Rename sources/tech/20220414 Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md to sources/news/20220414 Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md --- ... Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename sources/{tech => news}/20220414 Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220414 Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/news/20220414 Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/20220414 Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md rename to sources/news/20220414 Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md From 89391e1887e59cf9faa7735d0542cc52197be397 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Fri, 15 Apr 2022 10:26:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 42/94] translated --- ...Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md | 115 ----------------- ...Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md | 116 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 116 insertions(+), 115 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md b/sources/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md deleted file mode 100644 index 096ffbc317..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,115 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Meet Lite XL: A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users" -[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/lite-xl/" -[#]: author: "Marco Carmona https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Meet Lite XL: A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users -====== - -**Brief:** _Are you looking for a new _text editor_ alternative? You should try this lightweight, _simple_, fast, feature-filled, and extremely extensible one._ - -Sure, there are plenty of text editors or code editors that you can use. Some popular ones include Eclipse, [Visual Studio Code][1], [PyCharm][2], [Atom][3], [IntelliJ][4], and [Sublime Text][5]. - -But do you want to try something interesting that’s entirely focused on giving you a minimal experience? - -Meet _**Lite XL**_ editor. - -To be honest, I had no idea about it until last week. But, it managed to surprise me with its **minimalist design** and how **fast it was at coding**, but the most important fact was its similarity with Visual Studio Code. - -So, before everything, let me tell you that if you’re a [Visual Studio Code fan][6], you should absolutely try _**Lite XL**_. It may not be an absolute replacement, but a lite edition of something that resembles the use-case. - -![Showing how Lite XL looks][7] - -### Lite XL: Lightweight Text Editor Written in Lua - -Lite XL is an interesting open-source text editor written in Lua (particularly tailored to build lightweight applications). - -It is available for Windows, Linux, and macOS as well. But, with all the available [modern text editors available][8], why Lite XL? - -![Lite XL Customize Configuration][9] - -Normally, we aren’t concerned about the resources that a text editor can consume on our system most of the time. However, at the time of creating bash, python, or any other type of script, you rely on a text editor, and the more resource-efficient it is, the better. - -Of course, a text editor isn’t as resource-hungry as some other applications. But, if it matters to you, here’s what I observed: - -Lite XL only uses **three megabytes** in your disk and consumes around **twenty megabytes** of physical memory, compared with the almost five hundred fifty megabytes (~550 MB) that Visual Studio Code uses. - -**Can you see this wonderful difference between these similar editors?** - -Not just the resource usage, it is highly customizable as well. - -Note that the resource usage stats can vary for different system configurations. - -### Features of Lite XL - -![][10] - -As per the official information available, some of its most popular features include: - - * __Cross-Platform_:_** It currently works on Windows, Linux, and macOS. - * **Lightweight: ****As we described before, its usage hardly ever exceeds 10 MB in RAM. - * **Extensible**: Being a minimal offering doesn’t mean not being customizable. Lite XL can extend its functionalities thanks to several plugins available, for example, [VSC-like intellisense][11]. - * **Multi-cursor editing**: It’s as wonderful as it sounds, inside Lite XL you can work with multiple cursors. - * **Integrated terminal**: Like Visual Studio Code, Lite XL implements its terminal. - * High DPI display support. - * Additional color themes are available. - * Supports hardware-accelerated rendering. - - - -### How to Install Lite XL in Linux - -Lite XL offers an AppImage file for Linux distributions. You can follow our [AppImage guide][12] to get started. - -You can find the AppImage file on its [GitHub repository][13]. - -Once you head to its GitHub releases section, go directly to the Assets section and download the _**LiteXL_x86_64.Appimage**_ file. - -![Downloading Appimage file][14] - -An AppImage file will be downloaded into your download directory, so, before double-clicking on the file, verify it is allowed to execute as a program. - -![Verifying execution permissions][15] - -That’s right! Now you can double-click on the file and start using _**Lite XL**_ in your system. - -[Lite XL][16] - -If you’re interested in exploring Lite XL, you can get involved in its [GitHub repository][13], visit the official website, or join its [Discord community][17]. - -_What do you prefer to edit text and code? Do you focus on using a lightweight program, or is it irrelevant for your use case? Let me know your thoughts in the comments down below._ - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/lite-xl/ - -作者：[Marco Carmona][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/install-visual-studio-code-ubuntu/ -[2]: https://itsfoss.com/install-pycharm-ubuntu/ -[3]: https://itsfoss.com/install-atom-ubuntu/ -[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-intellij-ubuntu-linux/ -[5]: https://itsfoss.com/sublime-text-3-linux/ -[6]: https://itsfoss.com/visual-studio-code-vs-atom/ -[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/lite-xl-editor-screenshot.png -[8]: https://itsfoss.com/best-modern-open-source-code-editors-for-linux/ -[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/lite-xl-screenshot-2.png -[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/lite-xl-screnshot-1.png -[11]: https://github.com/lite-xl/lite-xl-lsp -[12]: https://itsfoss.com/use-appimage-linux/ -[13]: https://github.com/lite-xl/lite-xl -[14]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Downloading_Appimage_file-800x447.png -[15]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Verifying_execution_permissions-800x535.png -[16]: https://lite-xl.com/ -[17]: https://discord.gg/RWzqC3nx7K diff --git a/translated/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md b/translated/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..022bd20bec --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220413 Meet Lite XL- A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users.md @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +[#]: subject: "Meet Lite XL: A Lightweight, Open-Source Text Editor for Linux Users" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/lite-xl/" +[#]: author: "Marco Carmona https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +认识一下 Lite XL：为 Linux 用户提供的轻量级、开源的文本编辑器 +====== + +**简介：** _你是否在寻找一个新的_文本编辑器_替代品？你应该试试这个轻量级的、_简单的_、快速的、功能丰富的、可扩展性极强的编辑器_。 + +当然，有很多文本编辑器或代码编辑器可以使用。一些流行的包括 Eclipse、[Visual Studio Code][1]、[PyCharm][2]、[Atom][3]、[IntelliJ][4]，以及 [Sublime Text][5]。 + +但是你想尝试一些有趣的东西，完全专注于给你一个最小的体验吗？ + +认识一下 _**Lite XL**_ 编辑器。 + +说实话，在上周之前我对它一无所知。但是，它成功地以其**极简主义的设计**和它**在编码时的速度**让我吃惊，但最重要的事实是它与 Visual Studio Code 相似。 + +所以，在开始之前，让我告诉你，如果你是一个 [Visual Studio Code 粉丝][6]，你绝对应该试试 _**Lite XL**_。它可能不是绝对的替代品，而是类似于使用场景的精简版。 + +![Showing how Lite XL looks][7] + +### Lite XL：用 Lua 编写的轻量级文本编辑器 + +Lite XL 是一个有趣的用 Lua 编写的开源文本编辑器（特别是为建立轻量级应用而定制）。 + +它也可用于 Windows、Linux 和 macOS。但是，在所有可用的[现代文本编辑器][8]中，为什么是 Lite XL？ + +![Lite XL Customize Configuration][9] + +通常情况下，我们并不关心文本编辑器在大多数时候会消耗我们系统的资源。然而，在创建 bash、python 或任何其他类型的脚本时，你会依赖文本编辑器，而它的资源效率越高越好。 + +当然，文本编辑器并不像其他一些应用那样对资源要求很高。但是，如果这对你很重要的话，我观察到的情况是这样的： + +Lite XL 只使用了 **3MB** 的磁盘，并消耗了大约 **20MB** 内存，而 Visual Studio Code 使用将近 550MB 内存。 + +**你能看到这些类似的编辑器之间的这种奇妙的差别吗？** + +不仅仅是资源使用量，它也是高度可定制的。 + +请注意，在不同的系统配置下，资源使用统计数字会有所不同。 + +### Lite XL的特点 + +![][10] + +As per the official information available, some of its most popular features include: + + * **跨平台：** 它目前可以在 Windows、Linux 和 macOS 上使用。 + * **轻量：** 正如我们之前所描述的，它的使用量几乎没有超过 10MB 的内存。 + * **可扩展：** 作为一个最小化的产品，并不意味着不能定制。Lite XL 可以通过一些可用的插件来扩展其功能，例如，[类似 VSC 的智能提示][11]。 + * **多光标编辑：** 在 Lite XL 中，你可以使用多个光标进行编辑，这听起来很美妙。 + * **集成的终端：** 像 Visual Studio Code 一样，Lite XL 实现了它的终端。 + * 支持高DPI显示。 + * 可使用额外的颜色主题。 + * 支持硬件加速渲染。 + * 支持硬件加速渲染。 + + + +### 如何在 Linux 中安装 Lite XL + +Lite XL 为 Linux 发行版提供了一个 AppImage 文件。你可以按照我们的 [AppImage 指南][12]来开始使用。 + +你可以在其 [GitHub 仓库][13]中找到 AppImage 文件。 + +当你前往其 GitHub 发布区，直接进入 Assets 并下载 _**LiteXL_x86_64.Appimage**_ 文件。 + +![Downloading Appimage file][14] + +AppImage 文件将被下载到你的下载目录中，因此，在双击该文件之前，请验证它是否允许作为程序执行。 + +![Verifying execution permissions][15] + +这就好了! 现在你可以双击该文件，开始在你的系统中使用 _***Lite XL***_。 + +[Lite XL][16] + +如果你对探索 Lite XL 感兴趣，你可以参与其 [GitHub 仓库][13]，访问官方网站，或加入其 [Discord 社区][17]。 + +_你喜欢用什么来编辑文本和代码？你是否专注使用轻量级的程序，或者与你的使用情况无关？请在下面的评论中告诉我你的想法。_ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/lite-xl/ + +作者：[Marco Carmona][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/install-visual-studio-code-ubuntu/ +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/install-pycharm-ubuntu/ +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/install-atom-ubuntu/ +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-intellij-ubuntu-linux/ +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/sublime-text-3-linux/ +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/visual-studio-code-vs-atom/ +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/lite-xl-editor-screenshot.png +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/best-modern-open-source-code-editors-for-linux/ +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/lite-xl-screenshot-2.png +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/lite-xl-screnshot-1.png +[11]: https://github.com/lite-xl/lite-xl-lsp +[12]: https://itsfoss.com/use-appimage-linux/ +[13]: https://github.com/lite-xl/lite-xl +[14]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Downloading_Appimage_file-800x447.png +[15]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Verifying_execution_permissions-800x535.png +[16]: https://lite-xl.com/ +[17]: https://discord.gg/RWzqC3nx7K From 0d3183d4bcc7a81107e0b8e37a5ed1089f16d169 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Fri, 15 Apr 2022 10:37:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 43/94] translating --- ...r Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220209 Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md b/sources/tech/20220209 Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md index d0ad8493a6..c795932314 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220209 Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220209 Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/twister-ui-2022/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From feb5584bccd87cbc51ac619a986adf92fecf725b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Starryi Date: Fri, 15 Apr 2022 10:42:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 44/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...3 Watching activity on Linux with watch and tail commands.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20200303 Watching activity on Linux with watch and tail commands.md b/sources/tech/20200303 Watching activity on Linux with watch and tail commands.md index 15780a5b34..17c5c23579 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20200303 Watching activity on Linux with watch and tail commands.md +++ b/sources/tech/20200303 Watching activity on Linux with watch and tail commands.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: translator: (Starryi) [#]: reviewer: ( ) [#]: publisher: ( ) [#]: url: ( ) From 7c6c818ed852bd77a08ffb158e4de4057c90e52b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 15 Apr 2022 12:43:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 45/94] RP MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @hwlife https://linux.cn/article-14474-1.html 以后请对菜单等位置使用 RUBY 标签做中英文对照。 --- ... mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md | 256 ++++++++++++++ ... mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md | 311 ------------------ 2 files changed, 256 insertions(+), 311 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md diff --git a/published/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md b/published/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0a2f51c525 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md @@ -0,0 +1,256 @@ +[#]: subject: (Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi) +[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/3/router-raspberry-pi) +[#]: author: (Lukas Janėnas https://opensource.com/users/lukasjan) +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (hwlife) +[#]: reviewer: (wxy) +[#]: publisher: (wxy) +[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-14474-1.html) + +使用树莓派建立一个带有移动网络连接功能的路由器 +====== + +> 在你的网络路由器上使用 OpenWRT 获得更多控制功能。 + +![Mesh networking connected dots][1] + +树莓派是一种小型单板电脑，尽管只有信用卡大小，但是能做许多事情。实际上，这个小电脑几乎可以成为你想让它成为的任何东西，只要你打开想象力。 + +树莓派爱好者已经做了许多不同的项目，从简单的程序到复杂的自动化项目和解决方案，如气象站，甚至智能家居设备。这篇文章将展示怎样使用 OpenWRT 项目将你的树莓派变成带有 LTE 移动网络连接功能的路由器。 + +### 关于 OpenWRT 和 LTE + +[OpenWRT][2] 是一个利用 Linux 内核为嵌入式设备开发的开源项目，它已经存在超过 15 年了，拥有一个庞大而活跃的社区。 + +有许多使用 OpenWRT 的方法，但是它的主要目的还是用在路由器上。它提供了包管理功能和一个完全可写的文件系统，并且因为它的的开源属性，你可以查看和修改代码，并贡献到开源生态。如果你想对你的路由器获得更多的控制，这就是你想要的系统。 + +长期演进技术Long-term evolution（LTE）是一个基于 GSM/EGDE 和 UMTS/HSPA 技术的无线宽带通信标准。我使用的 LTE 调制解调器是一个 USB 设备，可以为树莓派电脑增加 3G 或 4G（LTE）蜂窝连接。 + +![Teltonika TRM240 modem][3] + +### 安装前的准备 + +对这个项目来说，你需要： + + * 一个带有电源线的树莓派 + * 一台运行　Linux　的电脑 + * 一张至少 16GB 的 SD 储存卡 + * 以太网线 + * LTE 调制解调器（我使用的是 Teltonika [TRM240][5]） + * 一张移动网络的 SIM 卡 + +### 安装 OpenWRT + +首先，下载最新的 [兼容树莓派的 OpenWRT 的发布版本][6]。在 OpenWRT 官网，你可以看到 4 个镜像：两个 **ext4** 文件系统的和两个 **squashfs** 文件系统的。我使用 **ext4** 文件系统。你可以下载 **factory** 或者 **sysupgrade** 镜像，这两个都运行良好。 + +![OpenWRT image files][7] + +下载了镜像后，你按照 [以下的说明][8] 需要解压并安装它到 SD 卡上。这将会花些时间安装固件，需要些耐心。一旦安装完成，在你的 SD 卡上将会有两个分区。一个是用来放 bootloader ，另一个是 OpenWRT 系统。 + + +### 启动系统 + +要启动你的新系统，插入 SD 卡到树莓派，用以太网线把树莓派和你的路由器（或者交换机）相连，然后点亮。 + +如果你有使用树莓派的经验，你可能习惯于通过终端使用 SSH 访问过它，或者通过显示器和键盘连接到树莓派。OpenWRT 工作有一点点不同。你与这个系统交互是通过网页浏览器，所以你必须能够通过网络来访问你的树莓派。 + +缺省状态下，树莓派使用的 IP 地址是：192.168.1.1。用来配置树莓派的计算机必须和树莓派在同一个子网中。如果你的网络没有使用 192.168.1.x 地址，或者你不能确定，在 GNOME 打开 “设置Settings” ，导航到网络设置，选择 “手动Manual” ，然后键入以下的 IP 地址和子网掩码： + + * IP 地址：192.168.1.15 + * 网络掩码：255.255.255.0 + +![IP addresses][9] + +在你的电脑上打开浏览器然后导航到 192.168.1.1 。这将打开一个验证网页，你可以登录到你的树莓派。 + +![OpenWRT login page][10] + +首次登录不需要密码，所以直接点击 “登录Login” 按钮继续。 + +### 设置网络连接 + +树莓派只有一个以太网口，而普通路由器有两个：一个是 WAN（有线区域网络）口，另一个是 LAN （本地区域网络）。 + +你有两个选择： + + 1. 使用你的以太网口接入互联网 + 2. 使用 WIFI 接入互联网 + +#### 使用以太网连接 + +你决定使用以太网，导航到 “网络Network → 接口Interfaces”。在这个设置页面，按下与 “LAN” 接口对应的蓝色 “编辑Edit” 按钮。 + +![LAN interface][11] + +应该会出现一个弹窗，在这个窗口中，你需要键入与你将要连接树莓派的路由器子网匹配的 IP 地址。如果需要的话，修改子网掩码，并输入树莓派将要连接的路由器的 IP 地址。 + +![Enter IP in the LAN interface][12] + +保存设置，然后通过以太网将你的树莓派连接到路由器。你现在可以用这个新的 IP 地址访问树莓派。 + +当你在把树莓派投入生产环境使用之前，确保为你的 OpenWRT 设置一个密码！ + +#### 使用 WiFi 连接 + +如果你想通过 WiFi 将树莓派连接到互联网，导航到 “网络Network → 无线Wireless” 。在 “无线Wireless” 菜单里，按下蓝色的 “扫描Scan” 按钮查找你的家庭网络。 + +![Scan the network][13] + +在弹出的窗口中，找到你的 WiFi 网络然后连接它。不要忘记 “保存并应用Save and Apply” 设置。 + +在这 “网络Network → 接口Interfaces” 部分，你应该看到了一个新的接口。 + +![New interface][14] + +当你在把树莓派投入生产环境使用之前，确保为你的 OpenWRT 设置一个密码！ + +### 安装必要的软件包 + +默认状态下，路由器并没有安装许多软件包。OpenWRT 提供了一个包管理器，带有一系列你需要安装的。导航到 “系统System → 软件Software” 然后通过按下标有 “更新列表…Update lists...” 的按钮来更新你的包管理器。 + +![Updating packages][15] + +你将会看到许多软件包；你需要安装以下这些： + + * `usb-modeswitch` + * `kmod-mii` + * `kmod-usb-net` + * `kmod-usb-wdm` + * `kmod-usb-serial` + * `kmod-usb-serial-option` + * `kmod-usb-serial-wwan`（如果没有安装的话） + +另外，[下载这个调制解调器管理软件包][16]，然后在弹出的窗口中按下标有 “上传软件包…Upload Package...” 的按钮来安装它。重启树莓派让安装包生效。 + +### 设置移动网络接口 + +所有这些软件包被安装完之后，你可以设置移动网络接口。在连接调制解调器到树莓派之前，请阅读 [调制解调器的说明书][17]，对其进行设置。然后连接你的移动调制解调器到树莓派，然后等待一会直到调制解调器启动。 + +导航到 “网络Network → 接口Interfaces”。在页面底部，按下 “添加一个新接口…Add new interface...” 按钮。在弹出的窗口中，给你的接口起一个名字（比如 “mobile”），然后从下拉列表中选择 “ModemManager” 。 + +![Add a new mobile interface][18] + +按下一个标有 “创建接口Create Interface” 的按钮。你应该看到一个新的弹出窗口。这是设置接口的一个主窗口。在这个窗口中，选择你的调制解调器，然后键入像接入点名称Access Point Name（APN）或是 PIN 码之类的信息。 + +![Configuring the interface][19] + +**注意：** 如果在列表中没有调制解调器设备出现，尝试重启树莓派或者安装 `kmod-usb-net-qmi-wwan` 软件包 。 + +当你已经配置完你的接口，按下 “保存Save” 然后 “保存并应用Save and Apply”。给系统一些生效的时间。如果一切正常，你应该看到像这样的一些东西。 + +![Configured interface][20] + +如果你想通过接口查看你的网络连接，你可以使用 SSH 连接到你的树莓派 shell。在终端里，键入： + +``` +ssh root@192.168.1.1 +``` + +缺省 IP 地址是 192.168.1.1：如果你修改了它，就用修改后的 IP 地址连接。当连接后，在终端里执行命令： + +``` +ping -I ppp0 google.com +``` + +如果一切正常运行，那么你应该从 Google 的服务器接收到 ping 回包 。 + +![Terminal interface][21] + +`ppp0` 是你创建的移动网络接口的默认接口名称。你可以通过使用 `ifconfig` 命令检查你的接口。它只显示活动的接口。 + +### 设置防火墙 + +要让移动网接口运行，你需要为移动网络接口和本地网络接口配置防火墙，以便引导流量到正确的接口。 + +导航到 “网络Network → 防火墙Firewall”。在页面的底部，你应该看到一个叫做 “区域Zones” 的部分。 + +![Firewall zones][22] + +设置防火墙最简单的方法就是调整 “wan” 区域。在 “已覆盖的网络Covered networks” 选项里按下 “编辑Edit” 按钮，选择你的移动网络接口，然后 “保存并应用Save and Apply” 你的设置。如果你不想用 WiFi 连接你的树莓派，你可以从 “已覆盖的网络Covered networks” 里删除 “wwan” 接口，或者关闭 WiFi 连接。 + +![Firewall zone settings][23] + +如果你想为每个接口设置一个独立区域，只需创建一个新区域然后分配必要的接口即可。举个例子，你可能想有一个覆盖移动网络接口的区域，并且通过它来转发 LAN 接口流量。按下 “添加Name” 按钮，然后给你的区域 “命名Name”， 检查 “伪装” 复选框，选中 “已覆盖的网络Covered networks” ，并选择哪些区域可以转发其流量。 + +![Firewall zone settings][24] + +然后 “保存并应用Save and Apply” 这些修改。现在你有一个新的区域。 + +### 设置一个接入点 + +最后一步是为你的设备接入互联网设置一个网络接入点。要设置一个接入点，导航到 “网络Network → 无线Wireless” 。你将会看到一个 WiFi 设备接口，一个名为 OpenWRT 的禁用的接入点，以及一个用于通过 WiFi 连接互联网的连接（如果你之前没有禁用或删除它）。在这个禁用的接口上，按下 “编辑Edit” 按钮，然后 “启用Enable” 该接口。 + +![Enabling wireless network][25] + +如果你想，你可以通过编辑 “ESSID” 选项来修改接口名称。你也可以选择它要关联的网络。默认情况下，它会与 LAN 接口关联。 + +![Configuring the interface][26] + +要为这个接口添加密码，选择 “无线安全Wireless Security” 选项，选择 “WPA2-PSK” 加密方式然后在 “密钥Key” 选项字段键入接口的密码。 + +![Setting a password][27] + +然后 “保存并应用Save and Apply” 设置。如果设置正确的话，当用你的设备扫描可用接入点的话，你应该可以看到你分配了名称的新接入点。 + +### 额外的软件包 + +如果你愿意，你可以通过网页界面为你的路由器下载额外的软件包。只需到 “系统System → 软件Software” 然后安装你想从列表或者互联网上下载的软件包并上传它。如果你在列表中没有看到任何软件包，请按下 “更新列表…Update lists...” 按钮。 + +你也可以添加其他拥有适合与 OpenWRT 一起使用的软件包的仓库。软件包和它们的网页界面是分开安装的。软件包名称是以 “luci-” 开始的是网也界面软件包。 + +![Packages with luci- prefix][28] + +### 试试看 + +这就是我的树莓派路由设置的过程。 + +![Raspberry Pi router][29] + +从树莓派建立一个路由器不是很困难。缺点是树莓派只有一个以太网接口。你可以用一个 USB-to-Ethernet 适配器来增加更多的网口。不要忘记在接口的网站上设置网口。 + +OpenWRT 支持大量的移动调制解调器，你可以用管理调制解调器的通用工具 modemmanager 为它们设置移动网络接口。 + +你有没有把你的树莓派当作路由器使用？请在评论中告诉我们情况。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/21/3/router-raspberry-pi + +作者：[Lukas Janėnas][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlilfe) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/lukasjan +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/mesh_networking_dots_connected.png?itok=ovINTRR3 (Mesh networking connected dots) +[2]: https://openwrt.org/ +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/lte_modem.png (Teltonika TRM240 modem) +[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ +[5]: https://teltonika-networks.com/product/trm240/ +[6]: https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/19.07.7/targets/brcm2708/bcm2710/ +[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/imagefiles.png (OpenWRT image files) +[8]: https://opensource.com/article/17/3/how-write-sd-cards-raspberry-pi +[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/ipaddresses.png (IP addresses) +[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/openwrt-login.png (OpenWRT login page) +[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/lan-interface.png (LAN interface) +[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/lan-interface-ip.png (Enter IP in the LAN interface) +[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/scannetwork.png (Scan the network) +[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/newinterface.png (New interface) +[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/updatesoftwarelist.png (Updating packages) +[16]: https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/packages-21.02/aarch64_cortex-a53/luci/luci-proto-modemmanager_git-21.007.43644-ab7e45c_all.ipk +[17]: https://wiki.teltonika-networks.com/view/TRM240_SIM_Card +[18]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/addnewinterface.png (Add a new mobile interface) +[19]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/configureinterface.png (Configuring the interface) +[20]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/configuredinterface.png (Configured interface) +[21]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/terminal.png (Terminal interface) +[22]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/firewallzones.png (Firewall zones) +[23]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/firewallzonesettings.png (Firewall zone settings) +[24]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/firewallzonepriv.png (Firewall zone settings) +[25]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/enablewirelessnetwork.png (Enabling wireless network) +[26]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/interfaceconfig.png (Configuring the interface) +[27]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/interfacepassword.png (Setting a password) +[28]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/luci-packages.png (Packages with luci- prefix) +[29]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/raspberrypirouter.jpg (Raspberry Pi router) diff --git a/translated/tech/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md b/translated/tech/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3bdee566e6..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,311 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: (Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi) -[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/3/router-raspberry-pi) -[#]: author: (Lukas Janėnas https://opensource.com/users/lukasjan) -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (hwlife) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) - -使用树莓派建立一个带有移动网络连接功能的路由器 -====== -在你的网络路由器上使用 OpenWRT获得更多控制功能。 -![Mesh networking connected dots][1] - -树莓派是一个小型单板电脑，尽管只有信用卡大小，但是能做许多事情。事实上，这个小电脑几乎可以成为你想让它成为的任何东西。你只需要打开你的想象力。 - -树莓派爱好者已经做了许多不同的项目，从单个程序到复杂的自动化项目和类似气象站或者甚至智能家居设备的解决方案。这篇文章将展示怎样使用 OpenWRT 项目将你的树莓派变成带有 LTE 移动网络连接功能的路由器。 - - -### 关于 OpenWRT 和 LTE - -[OpenWRT][2] 是一个利用 Linux 内核为嵌入式设备开发的开源项目，它已经存在超过15年了，有着大量和活跃的社区。 - -有许多使用 OpenWRT 的方法，但是它的主要目的还是用在路由器上。它提供了一个带有包管理功能的完全可写的文件系统，并且因为它的的开源属性，你可以查看和修改代码并且可以贡献到开源生态。如果你喜欢对你的路由器获得更多的控制，这就是你想要的系统。 - -长期演进技术 (LTE) 是一个基于 GSM/EGDE 和 UMTS/HSPA 技术的无线宽带通信标准。我使用的 LTE 调制解调器是一个能够添加 3G 或 4G (LTE) 蜂窝连接到树莓派电脑的　USB　设备。 - -![Teltonika TRM240 modem][3] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -### 安装前的准备 - -对这个项目来说，你需要： - - * 一个带有电源线的树莓派 - * 一台运行　Linux　的电脑 - * 一张至少 16GB 的 SD 储存卡 - * 以太网线 - * LTE 调制解调器 (我使用的是 Teltonika [TRM240][5]) - * A SIM card for mobile connectivity 一张移动网络的 SIM 卡 - - - -### 安装 OpenWRT - -首先，下载最新的 [兼容树莓派的 OpenWRT 的发布版本][6]. 在 OpenWRT 官网，你可以看到 4 个镜像：两个 **ext4** 文件系统的和两个 **squashfs** 文件系统的。我使用 **ext4** 文件系统。你可以下载 **factory** 或者 **sysupgrade** 镜像，这两个都运行良好。 - -![OpenWRT image files][7] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -一旦你下载了镜像，你按照 [以下的说明][8] 需要解压并安装它到 SD 卡上。这将会花些时间安装固件，需要些耐心。一旦安装完成，在你的 SD 卡上将会有两个分区。一个是用来放 bootloader ，另一个是 OpenWRT 系统。 - - -### 启动系统 - -要启动你的新系统，插入 SD 卡到树莓派，用以太网线把树莓派和你的路由器 (或者交换机) 相连，然后点亮。 - -如果你有使用树莓派的经验，你可能通过终端使用 SSH 访问过它，或者通过显示器和键盘连接到树莓派。 OpenWRT 工作有一点点不同。你与这个系统交互是通过网络浏览器，所以你必须能够通过网络来访问你的树莓派。 - -缺省状态下，树莓派使用的 IP 地址是：192.168.1.1 。用来配置树莓派的计算机必须和树莓派在同一个子网中。如果你的网络没有使用 192.168.1.x 地址，或者你不能确定，在 GNOME 打开 **Settings** ，导航到网络设置，选择 **Manual** ，然后键入以下的 IP 地址和子网掩码： - - * **IP address:** 192.168.1.15 - * **Netmask:** 255.255.255.0 - - - -![IP addresses][9] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -在你的电脑上打开一个浏览器然后导航到 192.168.1.1 。这将打开一个授权网页，你可以登录到你的树莓派。 - -![OpenWRT login page][10] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -首次登录不需要密码，所以直接点击 **Login** 按钮继续。 - - -### 设置网络连接 - -树莓派只有一个以太网口，而普通路由器有两个：一个是 WAN (有线区域网络) 口，另一个是 LAN (本地区域网络)。 -你有两个选择： - - 1. 使用你的以太网口接入互联网 - 2. 使用 WIFI 接入互联网 - - - -**使用以太网连接:** - -你应该决定使用以太网，导航到 **网络 → 接口**。在这个设置页面，按下蓝色的 **Edit** 按钮，将 **LAN** 接口与之关联。 - -![LAN interface][11] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -一个弹窗应该出现，在这个窗口中，你需要键入与你将要连接树莓派的路由器子网匹配的 IP 地址。修改子网掩码，如果需要的话，与树莓派将要连接的路由器的 IP 地址。 - -![Enter IP in the LAN interface][12] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -保存设置，然后通过以太网连接你的树莓派到路由器。你可以现在用这个新的 IP 地址访问到树莓派。 - -当你在把树莓派投入生产环境使用之前，确保为你的 OpenWRT 设置一个密码！ - - -**使用 WiFi 连接** - -如果你想通过 WiFi 连接树莓派到互联网，导航到 **网络 → 无线** 。在 **无线** 菜单里，按下蓝色的 **扫描** 按钮查找你的家庭网络。 - - -![Scan the network][13] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -在弹出的窗口中，找到你的 WiFi 网络然后连接它。不要忘记 **保存并应用** 设置。 - -在这 **网络 → 接口** 部分，你应该看到了一个新的接口。 - -![New interface][14] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -当你在把树莓派投入生产环境使用之前，确保为你的 OpenWRT 设置一个密码！ - -### 安装必要的软件包 - -默认状态下，路由器并没有许多软件包。OpenWRT 提供了带有一系列你需要安装的一个包管理器。导航到 **系统 → 软件** 然后通过按下标有 "**更新列表…**" 的按钮来更新你的包管理器。 - -![Updating packages][15] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -你将会看到许多软件包；你需要安装一下这些： - - * usb-modeswitch - * kmod-mii - * kmod-usb-net - * kmod-usb-wdm - * kmod-usb-serial - * kmod-usb-serial-option - * kmod-usb-serial-wwan (是否可以不安装) - - - -另外，[下载这个调制解调器管理软件包]然后在弹出的窗口中按下标有 **上传软件包…** 的按钮来安装它。重启树莓派让安装包生效。 - -### 设置移动网接口 - -所有这些软件包被安装完之后，你可以设置移动网接口。在连接调制解调器到树莓派之前，先阅读以下 [调制解调器说明书][17] 。然后连接你的移动调制解调器到树莓派，然后等待一会直到调制解调器启动。 - -导航到 **网络 → 接口**。在页面底部，按下 **添加一个新接口** 按钮。在弹出的窗口中，给你的接口命令 (比如 **移动网** ) 然后从下拉列表中选择**调制解调器管理** 。 - -![Add a new mobile interface][18] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -按下一个标有 **创建接口** 的按钮。你应该看到弹出一个新窗口。这是设置接口的一个主窗口。在这个窗口中，选择你的调制解调器然后键入像接入点名称 (APN) 或是 PIN 码之类的信息。 - - -![Configuring the interface][19] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - - -**注意:** 如果在列表中没有调制解调器设备出现，尝试重启树莓派或者安装 kmod-usb-net-qmi-wwan 软件包 。 - -当你已经配置完你的接口，按下 **保存** 然后 **保存并应用**。给系统一些生效的时间。如果一切正常，你应该看到像这样的一些东西。 - -![Configured interface][20] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -如果你想通过接口查看你的网络连接，你可以使用 SSH 连接到你的树莓派 shell。在终端里，键入： - - -``` -`ssh root@192.168.1.1` -``` - -缺省 IP 地址是 192.168.1.1：如果你要修改它，然后用这个 IP 地址连接。当连接的状态时，在终端里执行命令： - - -``` -`ping -I ppp0 google.com` -``` - -如果一切正常运行，那么你应该从 Google 的服务器接收到 pings 。 - -![Terminal interface][21] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -**ppp0** 是为你创建的移动网接口的默认接口名称。你可以通过使用 **ifconfig** 命令检查你的接口。它只显示活动的接口。 - -### 设置防火墙 - -要让移动网接口运行，你需要为 **移动网** 接口和 **lan** 接口引导流量到正确的接口。 - -导航到 **网络 → 防火墙**。在页面的底部，你应该看到一个叫做 **区域** 的部分。 - -![Firewall zones][22] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -设置防火墙最简单的方法就是调整 **wan** 区域。在 **已覆盖的网络** 选项里按下 **编辑** 按钮，选择你的 **移动网** 接口，然后 **保存并应用** 你的设置。如果你不想用 WiFi 连接你的树莓派，你可以从 **已覆盖的网络** 里删除 **wwan** 接口，或者关闭 WiFi 连接。 - -![Firewall zone settings][23] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -如果你想为每个接口设置一个独立区域，只需创建一个新区域然后分配必要的接口即可。举个例子，你可能想有一个移动网区域，这个区域覆盖移动网接口并且通过它来转发 LAN 接口流量。按下 **添加** 按钮，然后给你的区域 **命名**， 检查 **伪装** 复选框，选中 **已覆盖的网络** ，然后选择可以转发它们流量的区域。 - -![Firewall zone settings][24] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -然后 **保存并应用** 这些修改。现在你有一个新的区域。 - -### 设置一个接入点 - -最后一步是为你的设备接入互联网设置一个网络接入点。要设置一个接入点，导航到 **网络 → 无线** 。你将会看到一个 WiFi 设备接口，一个关闭的以 **OpenWRT** 命名的接入点，这个连接通过 WiFi来连接到互联网 (如果你先前没有关闭或者删除它)。在这个 **关闭** 的接口上，按下 **编辑** 按钮，然后 **开启** 接口。 - -![Enabling wireless network][25] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -如果你想，你可以通过编辑 **ESSID** 选项来修改接口名称。你也可以选择它要关联的网络。默认状态下，它将会与 **lan** 口关联。 - -![Configuring the interface][26] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -要为这个接口添加密码，选择 **无线安全**选项，选择 **WPA2-PSK** 加密方式然后在 **Key** 选项字段键入接口的密码。 - -![Setting a password][27] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -然后 **保存并应用** 设置。如果设置正确的话，当用你的设备扫码可用接入点的话，你应该看到你分配了名称的新接入点。 - -### 额外的软件包 - -如果你愿意，你可以通过网络接口为你的路由器下载额外的软件包。只需到 **系统 → 软件** 然后安装你想从列表或者互联网上下载的软件包并上传它。如果你在列表中没有看到任何软件包，按下 **更新列表…** 按钮。 - -你也可以添加其他有软件包的仓库更好的利用 OpenWRT 。软件包和它们的网络接口分开安装。软件包名称是以 **luci-** 开始的是网络接口软件包。 - -![Packages with luci- prefix][28] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -### 试试看 - -这就是我的树莓派路由设置的过程。 - -![Raspberry Pi router][29] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -从树莓派建立一个路由器不是很困难。缺点是树莓派只有一个以太网接口。你可以用一个 USB-to-Ethernet 适配器来增加更多的网口。不要忘记在接口的网站上设置网口。 - -OpenWRT 支持大量移动调制解调器，你可以用管理调制解调器的通用工具 modemmanager 为它们设置移动网接口。 - -你使用你的树莓派作为路由器了吗？在下方评论让我们进展如何。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/21/3/router-raspberry-pi - -作者：[Lukas Janėnas][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlilfe) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/lukasjan -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/mesh_networking_dots_connected.png?itok=ovINTRR3 (Mesh networking connected dots) -[2]: https://openwrt.org/ -[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/lte_modem.png (Teltonika TRM240 modem) -[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ -[5]: https://teltonika-networks.com/product/trm240/ -[6]: https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/19.07.7/targets/brcm2708/bcm2710/ -[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/imagefiles.png (OpenWRT image files) -[8]: https://opensource.com/article/17/3/how-write-sd-cards-raspberry-pi -[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/ipaddresses.png (IP addresses) -[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/openwrt-login.png (OpenWRT login page) -[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/lan-interface.png (LAN interface) -[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/lan-interface-ip.png (Enter IP in the LAN interface) -[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/scannetwork.png (Scan the network) -[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/newinterface.png (New interface) -[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/updatesoftwarelist.png (Updating packages) -[16]: https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/packages-21.02/aarch64_cortex-a53/luci/luci-proto-modemmanager_git-21.007.43644-ab7e45c_all.ipk -[17]: https://wiki.teltonika-networks.com/view/TRM240_SIM_Card -[18]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/addnewinterface.png (Add a new mobile interface) -[19]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/configureinterface.png (Configuring the interface) -[20]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/configuredinterface.png (Configured interface) -[21]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/terminal.png (Terminal interface) -[22]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/firewallzones.png (Firewall zones) -[23]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/firewallzonesettings.png (Firewall zone settings) -[24]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/firewallzonepriv.png (Firewall zone settings) -[25]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/enablewirelessnetwork.png (Enabling wireless network) -[26]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/interfaceconfig.png (Configuring the interface) -[27]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/interfacepassword.png (Setting a password) -[28]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/luci-packages.png (Packages with luci- prefix) -[29]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/raspberrypirouter.jpg (Raspberry Pi router) From 46795f3884af19c7b676c7ced863aabe7b5fa66a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 15 Apr 2022 13:04:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 46/94] R --- ... a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/published/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md b/published/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md index 0a2f51c525..f4dcea7ed1 100644 --- a/published/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md +++ b/published/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ #### 使用以太网连接 -你决定使用以太网，导航到 “网络Network → 接口Interfaces”。在这个设置页面，按下与 “LAN” 接口对应的蓝色 “编辑Edit” 按钮。 +你决定使用以太网，导航到 “网络Network → 接口Interfaces”。在这个设置页面，按下与 “LAN” 接口对应的蓝色 “编辑Edit” 按钮。 ![LAN interface][11] @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ #### 使用 WiFi 连接 -如果你想通过 WiFi 将树莓派连接到互联网，导航到 “网络Network → 无线Wireless” 。在 “无线Wireless” 菜单里，按下蓝色的 “扫描Scan” 按钮查找你的家庭网络。 +如果你想通过 WiFi 将树莓派连接到互联网，导航到 “网络Network → 无线Wireless” 。在 “无线Wireless” 菜单里，按下蓝色的 “扫描Scan” 按钮查找你的家庭网络。 ![Scan the network][13] @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ ping -I ppp0 google.com 如果你愿意，你可以通过网页界面为你的路由器下载额外的软件包。只需到 “系统System → 软件Software” 然后安装你想从列表或者互联网上下载的软件包并上传它。如果你在列表中没有看到任何软件包，请按下 “更新列表…Update lists...” 按钮。 -你也可以添加其他拥有适合与 OpenWRT 一起使用的软件包的仓库。软件包和它们的网页界面是分开安装的。软件包名称是以 “luci-” 开始的是网也界面软件包。 +你也可以添加其他拥有适合与 OpenWRT 一起使用的软件包的仓库。软件包和它们的网页界面是分开安装的。软件包名称是以 “luci-” 开始的是网页界面软件包。 ![Packages with luci- prefix][28] From 5562da407053964622403503ad5437285ebe079c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 15 Apr 2022 17:33:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 47/94] RP @lkxed https://linux.cn/article-14475-1.html --- ...igure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md | 43 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md (74%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md b/published/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md similarity index 74% rename from translated/tech/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md rename to published/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md index 978ec0340f..efa236cae1 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md +++ b/published/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md @@ -3,14 +3,16 @@ [#]: author: "David Both https://opensource.com/users/dboth" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14475-1.html" 我如何在 Linux 上把 Vim 配置为默认编辑器 ====== -Vim 是我最喜爱的编辑器。对于那些默认使用其他编辑器的程序，我对系统所做的这些改变可以使得 Vim 成为它们默认编辑器。 -![一个正在使用笔记本电脑的人][1] + +> Vim 是我最喜爱的编辑器。对于那些默认使用其他编辑器的程序，我对系统所做的这些改变可以使得 Vim 成为它们默认编辑器。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/15/172912fvtvpfff83r373yy.png) 我使用 Linux 大概有 25 年了，在那之前我还使用了几年的 Unix。在这段时间里，我对一些日常使用的工具形成了偏好。Vim 是我使用的最重要的工具之一。 @@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ Vim 是我最喜爱的编辑器。对于那些默认使用其他编辑器的程 另外，我只是单纯地喜欢 Vim 而已。 -许多配置文件使用 Vi 而不是 Vim，你可以运行 `vi` 命令。不过，`vi` 命令其实是 `vim` 命令的一个链接。 +许多配置文件使用的名字是 Vi 而不是 Vim，你可以运行 `vi` 命令。不过，`vi` 命令其实是 `vim` 命令的一个链接。 许多 Linux 工具使用的编辑器都是在模拟或是直接调用的 [Nano][2]、[Emacs][3] 或者 Vim。其他的一些工具允许用户（比如那些有着明确偏好的用户）使用他们喜欢的编辑器。举两个对我影响最大的例子，一个是 Bash 命令行，它默认使用 Emacs；另一个是 Alpine 文本模式的邮件客户端，它默认使用 Pico。事实上，Pico 是专门为 Pine 邮件客户端编写的，而 Pine 是 Alpine 的前身。 @@ -32,25 +34,25 @@ Vim 是我最喜爱的编辑器。对于那些默认使用其他编辑器的程 我在 `/etc/profile.d` 中添加了一个名为 `myBashConfig.sh` 的文件。`/etc/profile.d` 目录中存放了所有已安装的 shell 的启动文件。在启动终端会话时，每个 shell 仅会根据文件名的扩展名，读取为其准备的启动文件。例如，Bash shell 只读取扩展名为 `.sh` 的文件。 -```shell - +``` +<截断> alias vim='vim -c "colorscheme desert" ' # 把 vi 设置为 Bash 的默认编辑器 set -o vi # 为所有检查 $EDITOR 变量的程序设置默认编辑器为 vi EDITOR=vi - +<截断> ``` 在这个全局 Bash 配置文件段中，`set -o vi` 将 Vi 设置为默认编辑器。这个 `set` 命令中的 `-o` 选项将 `vi` 定义为编辑器。为使配置生效，你需要关闭所有正在运行的 Bash 会话，并打开新的会话。 -现在，你现在可以使用所有你熟悉的 Vim 命令，包括光标移动。只要按下 **Escape** 键就可以进入 Vim 编辑模式。我特别喜欢多次使用 **b** 将光标移回多个字的功能。 +现在，你现在可以使用所有你熟悉的 Vim 命令，包括光标移动。只要按下 `Esc` 键就可以进入 Vim 编辑模式。我特别喜欢多次使用 `b` 将光标移回多个字的功能。 ### 将 Vim 设置为其他程序的默认值 一些 Linux 命令行工具和程序会检查 `$EDITOR` 环境变量来决定使用哪个编辑器。你可以用下面的命令检查这个变量的当前值。我在一个新安装的虚拟机上运行过该命令，以查看默认的编辑器到底是什么。 -```shell +``` # echo $EDITOR /usr/bin/nano # @@ -60,26 +62,27 @@ EDITOR=vi ### 在 Alpine 中编辑电子邮件 -几周前，我发现我的电子邮件编辑器 Pico 不能很好地工作。在使用 [Alpine][4] 之后，我从 Thunderbird 切换到了 Pico，它勉强够用，我也使用了一段时间。但我发现，当我试图使用 +几周前，我认为 Pico 不太适合作为我的电子邮件编辑器。我可以使用它，而且在从 Thunderbird 转到 [Alpine][4] 之后的一段时间内我也用了一段时间。但我发现，Pico 妨碍了我，我总是习惯使用 Vim 按键序列，这影响了我的工作效率。 我在 Alpine 的用户帮助中看到，默认编辑器是可以修改的。我决定把它改成 Vim。实际上这很容易做到。 -在 Alpine 主菜单上，按 **S** 键进入设置，然后按 **C** 键进行配置。在 “编辑器设置Composer Preferences” 部分，按 **X** 选择 “启用外部编辑器命令Enable Alternate Editor Command” 和 “隐式启用外部编辑器Enable Alternate Editor Implicitly” 项目。在往下滚动几页的 “高级用户设置Advanced User Preferences” 部分，找到 **Editor** 那一行。如果它还没有被修改的话，它应该是这样的： +在 Alpine 主菜单上，按 `S` 键进入设置，然后按 `C` 键进行配置。在 “编辑器设置Composer Preferences” 部分，按 `X` 选择 “启用外部编辑器命令Enable Alternate Editor Command” 和 “隐式启用外部编辑器Enable Alternate Editor Implicitly” 项目。在往下滚动几页的 “高级用户设置Advanced User Preferences” 部分，找到 `Editor 那一行。如果它还没有被修改的话，它应该是这样的： -```shell -`Editor    = ` +``` +Editor    = ``` -用光标栏突出显示 **Editor** 这一行，然后按 **Enter** 键来编辑。将 `` 改为 `vim`，再按 **Enter**，然后按 **E** 键退出，最后按 **Y** 键保存修改。 +用光标栏突出显示 `Editor 这一行，然后按回车键来编辑。将 `` 改为 `vim`，再按回车键，然后按 `E` 键退出，最后按 `Y` 键保存修改。 -要用 Vim 编辑电子邮件，只需输入电子邮件正文，Vim 就会自动启动，就像 Pico 那样。所有我喜欢的编辑功能都还在，因为它实际上是在使用 Vim。甚至退出 Vim 的 `Esc :wq` 操作也是一样的。 -### 最后，我的想法 +要用 Vim 编辑电子邮件，只需进入电子邮件正文，Vim 就会自动启动，就像 Pico 那样。所有我喜欢的编辑功能都还在，因为它实际上是在使用 Vim。甚至退出 Vim 的 `Esc :wq` 序列也是一样的。 + +### 总结 与其他编辑器相比，我更喜欢 Vim，对我的系统进行的这些改动后，那些默认使用其他编辑器的应用程序，将使用 Vim 来替代它们的默认编辑器。有些程序使用 `$EDITOR` 环境变量，因此你只需要做一次修改就够了。其他有用户配置选项的程序，如 Alpine，则必须为每个程序单独设置。 这种可以选择你喜欢的外部编辑器的能力，非常符合 Unix 哲学的宗旨：“每个程序都只做一件事，而且要做得出色”。既然已经有几个优秀的编辑器，为什么还要再写一个呢？而且它也符合 Linux 哲学的宗旨：“使用你最喜欢的编辑器”。 -当然，你可以把你的默认文本编辑器改为 Nano、Pico、EMACS 或任何其他你喜欢的编辑器。 +当然，你可以把你的默认文本编辑器改为 Nano、Pico、Emacs 或任何其他你喜欢的编辑器。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -88,7 +91,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/configure-vim-default-editor 作者：[David Both][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From ca4cd409ec14e3f2f2c9dcf50f8364c30f266065 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Fri, 15 Apr 2022 17:36:14 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 48/94] R --- ...0220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/published/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md b/published/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md index efa236cae1..f933119bef 100644 --- a/published/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md +++ b/published/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ EDITOR=vi Editor    = ``` -用光标栏突出显示 `Editor 这一行，然后按回车键来编辑。将 `` 改为 `vim`，再按回车键，然后按 `E` 键退出，最后按 `Y` 键保存修改。 +用光标栏突出显示 `Editor` 这一行，然后按回车键来编辑。将 `` 改为 `vim`，再按回车键，然后按 `E` 键退出，最后按 `Y` 键保存修改。 要用 Vim 编辑电子邮件，只需进入电子邮件正文，Vim 就会自动启动，就像 Pico 那样。所有我喜欢的编辑功能都还在，因为它实际上是在使用 Vim。甚至退出 Vim 的 `Esc :wq` 序列也是一样的。 From d95e1319805da462e7f2e3e65d180b4f22b13ae1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Sat, 16 Apr 2022 05:02:30 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 49/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220415=203-?= =?UTF-8?q?2-1=20Backup=20plan=20with=20Fedora=20ARM=20server?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220415 3-2-1 Backup plan with Fedora ARM server.md --- ...-2-1 Backup plan with Fedora ARM server.md | 306 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 306 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220415 3-2-1 Backup plan with Fedora ARM server.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220415 3-2-1 Backup plan with Fedora ARM server.md b/sources/tech/20220415 3-2-1 Backup plan with Fedora ARM server.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..db67cbbb04 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220415 3-2-1 Backup plan with Fedora ARM server.md @@ -0,0 +1,306 @@ +[#]: subject: "3-2-1 Backup plan with Fedora ARM server" +[#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/3-2-1-backup-plan-with-fedora-arm-server/" +[#]: author: "Hanku Lee https://fedoramagazine.org/author/hankuoffroad/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +3-2-1 Backup plan with Fedora ARM server +====== + +![][1] + +Photo by [Markus Winkler][2] on [Unsplash][3] + +Fedora Server Edition works on Single Board Computers (SBC) like Raspberry Pi. This article is aimed at data backup and restoration of personal data for users who want to take advantage of solid server systems and built-in tools like Cockpit. It describes 3 levels of backup. + +### Pre-requisites + +To use this guide, all you need is a working Fedora Linux workstation and the following items. + + * You should read, understand, and practice the requirements as documented in the Fedora Docs for [server installation][4] and [administration][5] + * An SBC (Single Board Computer), tested for Fedora Linux. Check [hardware status here][6]. + * [Fedora ARM][7] [server][7] raw image & ARM image installer + * A choice of microSD Card (64 GB / Class 10) and SSD device + * Ethernet cable / DHCP reserved IP or static IP + * A Linux client workstation with ssh keys prepared + * Make a choice of cloud storage services + * Have an additional Linux workstation available + + + +With this setup, I opted for Raspberry Pi 3B+/4B+ (one for hot-swap) because of the price and availability at the time of writing this article. While the Pi server is remotely connected using Cockpit, you can position the Pi near the router for a neat set-up. + +### Harden server security + +After following through with server installation and administration on the SBC, it is a good practice to harden the server security with firewalld. + +You must configure the firewall as soon as the server is online before connecting the storage device to the server. Firewalld is a zone-based firewall. It creates one pre-defined zone ‘FedoraServer’ after following through with the installation and administration guide in the Fedora Docs. + +#### Rich rules in firewalld + +Rich rules are used to block or allow a particular IP address or address range. The following rule accepts SSH connections only from the host with the registered IP (of client workstation) and drops other connections. Run the commands in Cockpit Terminal or terminal in client workstation connect to the server via ssh. + +``` + + firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv4 source address=/24 service name=ssh log prefix="SSH Logs" level="notice" accept' + +``` + +#### Reject ping requests from all hosts + +Use this command to set the icmp reject and disallow ping requests + +``` + + firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule='rule protocol value=icmp reject' + +``` + +To carry out additional firewall controls, such as managing ports and zones, please refer to the link below. Please be aware that misconfiguring the firewall may make it vulnerable to security breaches. + +[Managing firewall in Cockpit][8] +[firewalld rules][9] + +### Configure storage for file server + +The next step is to connect a storage device to the SBC and partition a newly attached storage device using Cockpit. With Cockpit’s graphical server management interface, managing a home lab (whether a single server or several servers) is much simpler than before. Fedora Linux server offers Cockpit as standard. + +In this setup, an SSD device, powered by the USB port of the SBC, is placed in service without the need for an additional power supply. + + * Connect the storage device to a USB port of the SBC + * After Cockpit is running (as set up in the pre-requisites), visit **ip-address-of-machine:9090** in the web browser of your client workstation + * After logging into Cockpit, click ‘Turn on administrative access’ at the top of the Cockpit page + * Click the “Storage” on the left pane + * Select the device under “Drives” section to format and partition a blank storage device + + + +![Cockpit Storage management][10] + + * On the screen of the selected storage device create a new partition table or format and create new partitions. When prompted to initialize disk, in the “Partitioning” type, select GPT partition + * For a file system type from the drop-down list (XFS and ext4), choose ext4. This is suitable for an SBC with limited I/O capability (like USB 2.0 port) and limited bandwidth (less than 200MB/s) + + + +![Create a partition in Cockpit][11] + + * To create a single partition taking up all the storage space on the device, specify its mount point, such as “/media” and click “Ok” + * Click “Create partition”, which creates a new partition mounted at “/media”. + + + +### Create backups and restore from backups + +Backups are rarely one-size-fits-all. There are a few choices to make such as where the data is backed up, the steps you take to backup data, identify any automation, and determine how to restore backed-up data. + +![Backup workflow – version 1.0][12] + +#### Backup 1. rsync from client to file server (Raspberry Pi) + +The command used for this transfer was: + +``` + + rsync -azP ~/source syncuser@host1:/destination + +``` + +``` + + Options: + -a, --archive + -z, --compress + -P, --progress + +``` + +To run rsync with additional options, set the following flags: + +Update destination files in-place + +``` + + --inplace + +``` + +Append data onto shorter files + +``` + + --append + +``` + +Source-side deduplication combined with compression is the most effective way to reduce the size of data to be backed up before it goes to backup storage. + +I run this manually at the end of the day. Automation scripts are advantageous once I settled in with the cloud backup workflow. + +For details on rsync, please visit the Fedora magazine article [here][13]. + +#### Backup 2. rsync from file server to primary cloud storage + +Factors to consider when selecting cloud storage are; + + * Cost: Upload, storage, and download fee + * rsync, sftp supported + * Data redundancy (RAID 10 or data center redundancy plan in place) + * Snapshots + + + +One of the cloud storage fitting these criteria is Hetzner’s hosted Nextcloud – [Storage Box][14]. You are not tied to a supplier and are free to switch without an exit penalty. + +##### Generate SSH keys and create authorized key files in the file server + +Use ssh-keygen to generate a new pair of SSH keys for the file server and cloud storage. + +``` + + ssh-keygen + Generating public/private rsa key pair. + Enter file in which to save the key . . . + +``` + +Insert the required public SSH keys into a new local authorized_keys file. + +``` + + cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub >> storagebox_authorized_keys + +``` + +##### Transfer keys to cloud storage + +The next step is to upload the generated authorized_keys file to the Storage Box. To do this, create the directory .ssh with permission 700 and create the file authorized_keys with the public SSH keys and permission 600. Run the following command. + +``` + + echo -e "mkdir .ssh \n chmod 700 .ssh \n put storagebox_authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys \n chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys" | sftp @.your-storagebox.de + +``` + +##### Use rsync over ssh + +Use rsync to synchronize the current state of your file directories to Storage Box. + +``` + + rsync --progress -e 'ssh -p23' --recursive @.your-storagebox.de: + +``` + +This process is called a push operation because it “pushes” a directory from the local system to a remote system. + +##### Restore a directory from cloud storage + +To restore a directory from the Storage Box, swap the directories: + +``` + + rsync --progress -e 'ssh -p23' --recursive @.your-storagebox.de: + +``` + +#### Backup 3. Client backup to secondary cloud storage + +[Deja Dup][15] is in the Fedora software repo, making it a quick backup solution for Fedora Workstation. It handles the GPG encryption, scheduling, and file inclusion (which directories to back up). + +![Backing up to the secondary cloud][16] + +![Restoring files from cloud storage][17] + +### Archive personal data + +Not every data needs a 3-2-1 backup strategy. That is personal data share. I repurposed a hand-me-down laptop with a 1TB HDD as an archive of personal data (family photos). + +Go to “Sharing” in settings (in my case, the GNOME file manager) and toggle the slider to enable sharing. + +![][18] + +Turn on “file sharing”, “Networks” and “Required password”, which allows you to share your public folders with other workstations on your local network using WebDAV. + +![][19] + +### Prepare fallback options + +Untested backups are no better than no backups at all. I take the ‘hot swap’ approach in a home lab environment where disruptions like frequent power outages or liquid damages do happen. However, my recommendations are far from disaster recovery plans or automatic failover in corporate IT. + + * Dry run restoration of files on a regular basis + * Backup ssh/GPG keys onto an external storage device + * Copy a raw image of the Fedora ARM server onto an SD card + * Keep snapshots of full backups at primary cloud storage + * Automate backup process to minimize human error or oversight + + + +### Track activity and troubleshoot with Cockpit + +As your project grows, so does the number of servers you manage. Activity and alert tracking in Cockpit ease your administrative burden. You can achieve this in three ways using Cockpit’s graphical interface. + +#### SELinux menu + +How to diagnose network issues, find logs and troubleshoot in Cockpit + + * Go to SELinux to check logs + * Check “solution details” + * Select “Apply this solution” when necessary + * View automation script and run it if necessary + + + +![SELinux logs][20] + +#### Network or storage logs + +Server logs track detailed metrics that correlate CPU load, memory usage, network activity, and storage performance with the system’s journal. Logs are organized under the network or storage dashboard. + +![Storage logs in Cockpit][21] + +#### Software updates + +Cockpit helps security updates on preset time and frequency. You can run all updates when you need them. + +![Software updates][22] + +Congratulations on setting up a file/backup server with the Fedora ARM server edition. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://fedoramagazine.org/3-2-1-backup-plan-with-fedora-arm-server/ + +作者：[Hanku Lee][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/hankuoffroad/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/3-2-1_backup-816x345.jpg +[2]: https://unsplash.com/@markuswinkler?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText +[3]: https://unsplash.com/s/photos/computer-backup?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText +[4]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-server/server-installation-sbc/ +[5]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-server/sysadmin-postinstall/ +[6]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/raspberry-pi/ +[7]: https://arm.fedoraproject.org/ +[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/managing-network-interfaces-and-firewalld-in-cockpit/ +[9]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/firewalld-rules-and-scenarios +[10]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screenshot-from-2022-03-29-22-05-00b-1024x576.png +[11]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screenshot-from-2022-03-29-22-03-36a.png +[12]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Backups3-1-1024x525.jpg +[13]: https://fedoramagazine.org/copying-large-files-with-rsync-and-some-misconceptions/ +[14]: https://docs.hetzner.com/robot/storage-box/ +[15]: https://fedoramagazine.org/easy-backups-with-deja-dup/ +[16]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screenshot-from-2022-03-29-22-47-30.png +[17]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screenshot-from-2022-03-29-22-41-57.png +[18]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-14-20-48-49-1024x733.png +[19]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-14-20-51-18st.png +[20]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-02-11-24-30b-1024x441.png +[21]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-04-21-47-06SL-1024x259.png +[22]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screenshot-from-2022-04-04-21-35-42b.png From 3bc3cbfc8c90323e93eb528a493030400701281e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Sat, 16 Apr 2022 05:02:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 50/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220416=20Di?= =?UTF-8?q?sable=20Animations=20in=20Cinnamon=20Desktop=20to=20Slightly=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Speed=20Up=20Your=20Linux=20Mint=20System?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md --- ...lightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md | 74 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 74 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md b/sources/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d1dca4db85 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +[#]: subject: "Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/disable-animations-cinnamon-desktop/" +[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System +====== + +Let’s face it. + +Cinnamon is already a lightweight desktop environment when compared to the likes of GNOME. But it may not be as light on resources as Xfce. + +If you have a system which is low on hardware and you want a little bit of performance boost without switching to an alternative desktop environment (DE) like Xfce or window manager (WM) like [Sway][1] or [Fluxbox][2]. + +Let me share a neat little trick that should help you speed up Linux Mint but only slightly. + +### Disabling animation effects in Cinnamon desktop + +_**First thing first, you must not expect a drastic improvement in overall desktop performance with this trick. Here’s why!**_ + +These animations or effects (as it is called in Mint) are noticed when you open, close applications windows, use the menu, have dialogue box popped up etc. Since these events do not happen continuously, you don’t get a constant boost. + +Disabling these effects may help reduce the stutters if your system is really struggling. In those cases, every single bit helps. Let’s see how to do this! + +Open the menu and look for effects here. + +![Accessing Effects settings in Linux Mint Cinnamon][3] + +It opens the ‘effects’ settings window and you’ll be at the ‘Enable Effects’ tab. You’ll have the options to disable (or enable) various available animation effects here. + +![Disable animations in cinnamon Linux Mint Cinnamon Desktop][4] + +You can choose to disable some or all effects. + +If you go to the Customize tab, you can customize various effects you saw in the ‘Enable Effects’ tab. + +![Customizing window animation Cinnamon in Linux mint][5] + +The first column is the name of the effect, second one is the type of animation, third one is how the animation progresses and in the last one, you can configure how long the animation will take to complete. + +If you select None, easeNone and 0 duration, it is equivalent to disabling the effect. Though, using the disable option in the other tab is an easier option. + +### Is it worth the effort? + +I wrote this tip because a reader asked if it was possible to customize Cinnamon and disable the animations. + +Quite honestly, it doesn’t take much effort and it doesn’t make much difference. You’ll hardly notice the visual impacts or even the performance improvements. + +However, if your system is struggling a lot, every tiny bit helps. You can also try using lightweight applications that consume fewer system resources. That may also help you a bit. + +Do you have any similar small, ninja tips? Do share with me in the comment sections. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/disable-animations-cinnamon-desktop/ + +作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/sway-window-manager/ +[2]: http://fluxbox.org/ +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/accessing-effects-settings-mint-cinnamon-800x630.png +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/disable-animations-cinnamon-Linux-mint-800x466.png +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/customize-window-animation-cinnamon-linux-mint-800x571.png From cc73b6d9d4740ba06f24cd6a1a89f98c9d47a886 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Sat, 16 Apr 2022 05:03:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 51/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220415=20Ho?= =?UTF-8?q?w=20to=20Upgrade=20to=20Ubuntu=2022.04=20=E2=80=9CJammy=20Jelly?= =?UTF-8?q?fish=E2=80=9D=20From=20Ubuntu=2020.04=20LTS?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md --- ...-Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md | 115 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 115 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md b/sources/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..46b2936f12 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 “Jammy Jellyfish” From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/upgrade-ubuntu-22-04-from-20-04/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 “Jammy Jellyfish” From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS +====== +HERE ARE THE COMPLETE STEPS AND PRECAUTIONS YOU NEED TO TAKE BEFORE +UPGRADING TO UBUNTU 22.04 LTS FROM UBUNTU 20.04 LTS. +[Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish][1] releases on April 21, 2022. I recommend you wait for a month or two after April 21st to upgrade. Ideally, it would be best if you plan to Upgrade to any major release after the first point release. + +But if you are in a hurry or want to experience the stunning changes and features that Ubuntu 22.04 brings to the table, then read below the steps required for a flawless upgrade process. + +### Before Upgrade + +For any upgrade, it is always wiser to follow some best practices. These prevent some post-upgrade problems and lead to a successful upgrade process. + + * Backup data to another drive or USB storage from your home directory includes your pictures, videos, or other personal files. + * Keep a [LIVE USB ready with Ubuntu][2] if you run into an unstable system. + * If you upgrade to a GNOME workstation, disable all the GNOME extensions because they will be incompatible as they work with GNOME 3.36+. + * After a successful upgrade, you can enable the extensions one at a time. + * Ensure that your system is up to date with packages by running the command `sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade` + * Close all your running applications. + * Restart your system. + + + +With that said, if you are ready, then follow the instructions below to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. + +### Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 from Ubuntu 20.04 and Ubuntu 21.10 + +#### Before April 21, 2022 + +If you want to upgrade before the release day, open a terminal window and run the following command. + +``` + + sudo do-release-upgrade -d + +``` + +![Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS from Ubuntu 20.04 LTS][3] + +The above command will override the system “focal” branches with “jammy” to get the new packages. Not only that, but the command will also disable all third-party PPA that you may have added over the years. + +Furthermore, the command will take some time to finish depending on your internet speed. + +In addition to that, keep a watch on the terminal for occasional prompts which require your input as Y/N. Also, if you cancel the upgrade process midway, the third party PPA will not be enabled. So, you have to enable them manually. + +![Summary of the upgrade][4] + +Finally, the command will calculate the size of the upgrade and give you the estimated time required with a summary as shown below. Please read it carefully and give your permission to upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish. + +[][5] + +SEE ALSO:   Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Daily Builds Are Now Available + +After the upgrade process is complete, restart your system and enjoy the exciting Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. + +#### After April 21, 2022 + +On the day or after April 21, 2022, Ubuntu will not give you any visual upgrade prompt for an upgrade until the first point release in July 2022 because the first point release is considered the most stable version after initial bugs are ironed out. + +That said, you either wait until July, or you can force the upgrade. How? Open the Software and Updates, and go to the Updates tab. And change “notify me of new ubuntu version” to “any new version”. + +Once you do that, you should see a prompt for an upgrade on the desktop. Follow the on-screen instructions and continue with the upgrade process. + +The prompt also calculates the list of packages required to upgrade with the needed time, so read the updater output carefully. Once you are ready, start the process. + +Finally, after the upgrade process is finished, reboot the system to enjoy the brand new Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish. + +#### Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 from Ubuntu 21.10 + +You can follow the above exact instructions for Ubuntu 21.10 as well. There are no extra steps required to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 from Ubuntu 21.10. + +#### How long does the upgrade to the Ubuntu 22.04 process take? + +As per my test, the default install requires a little more than 30 minutes of total time to finish the entire upgrade process. It might be higher for your system based on how many software of packages you installed plus the age of your installation. So plan your time accordingly. + +### Conclusion + +Finally, I hope these steps help you successfully upgrade your Ubuntu system to Jammy Jellyfish. If you are planning to upgrade, I wish you all the best. + +Do let me know in the comment box below how the upgrade process goes. + +* * * + +We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][6], [Twitter][7], [YouTube][8], and [Facebook][9] and never miss an update! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/upgrade-ubuntu-22-04-from-20-04/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://releases.ubuntu.com/22.04/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/09/how-to-create-ubuntu-linux-os-bootable-usb-in-windows/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Upgrade-to-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS-from-Ubuntu-20.04-LTS-1024x540.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Summary-of-the-upgrade-1024x581.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/10/ubuntu-22-04-daily-builds/ +[6]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[7]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[8]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[9]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From ef2ed6892cfc037ddd0d91db33bee2ef57077c25 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Sat, 16 Apr 2022 05:03:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 52/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[news]:=2020220415=20El?= =?UTF-8?q?on=20Musk=20Believes=20Twitter=20Algorithm=20Should=20Be=20Open?= =?UTF-8?q?-Source?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md --- ...Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md | 71 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 71 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md b/sources/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c2f065b138 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +[#]: subject: "Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/elon-musk-twitter-open-source/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source +====== + +So, Elon Musk made it to the news again, as usual. + +However, this time, it was very interesting. He made an offer to buy Twitter for about **$43 billion.** + +Technically, he offered way more than the market price in a bid to acquire Twitter, which is why many outlets have claimed it as an attempt at a “hostile takeover”. + +While that may or may not succeed, considering the aggressive offer. At a TED talk, Elon Musk also shared some of his thoughts on how Twitter should move forward to promote free speech. + +### Twitter Algorithm Should be Open-Source + +Elon Musk believes that Twitter should open-source the algorithm to promote transparency in the platform. + +Of course, Twitter as a platform is exploding and unpredictable at the moment. The Twitter team also takes quick actions on certain matters, whether you think it is right or wrong. + +While Twitter’s internal decisions could sound good on paper, there are always issues with such massive platforms without transparency. + +So, Elon Musk might have a point here. Whether you believe or trust Twitter’s decision, transparency/open-source will only help strengthen the existing values. + +Well, no wonder, we love open-source here. + +To quote his words, he mentions: + +> “_And so one of the things that I believe Twitter should do is open-source the algorithm and make any changes to people’s tweets, if they’re emphasized or de-emphasized, that action should be made apparent so anyone can see that action has been taken. So, there’s no sort of behind-the-scenes manipulation, either algorithmically or manually_“ + +See more + +> How would Elon Musk change Twitter if he were to buy it? First, he’d make it open source. Watch [@ElonMusk][1]’s wide ranging live [#TED2022][2] interview with [@TEDChris][3] on [@YouTube][4] here: [pic.twitter.com/Okm3y5HpEy][5] +> +> — TED Talks (@TEDTalks) [April 14, 2022][6] + +On the other side, when we talk about Twitter as an open-source platform in some way, I can’t stop thinking about [Mastodon][7]. You can also find us on [Mastodon][8], if you haven’t explored it yet. + +Sure, Twitter has a lot of growth potential and it is constantly expanding for better or worse. But, can the concept of open-source help the platform? Personally, I think yes, but it is too big a change to expect overnight. + +Of course, no one can predict Elon Musk’s future actions for Twitter either, even if he manages to acquire it. Honestly, he’s just as unpredictable as any complex algorithm. + +_So, what would be your take on this? Do you believe what Elon Musk has to say? Feel free to share your thoughts in the comments down below._ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/elon-musk-twitter-open-source/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://twitter.com/elonmusk?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw +[2]: https://twitter.com/hashtag/TED2022?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw +[3]: https://twitter.com/TEDchris?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw +[4]: https://twitter.com/YouTube?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw +[5]: https://t.co/Okm3y5HpEy +[6]: https://twitter.com/TEDTalks/status/1514739086908555272?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw +[7]: https://joinmastodon.org/ +[8]: https://mastodon.social/@itsfoss From 971d93e74f8a33985244ead82212f329e8e31b08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 16 Apr 2022 09:06:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 53/94] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14478-1.html --- ... LTS - New Features and Release Details.md | 39 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md (59%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md b/published/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md similarity index 59% rename from translated/tech/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md rename to published/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md index 5b90cb8df2..6cceb7c1d4 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md +++ b/published/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md @@ -3,37 +3,38 @@ [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14478-1.html" Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - 新功能和发布细节 ====== -Xubuntu 22.04 LTS（Jammy jellyfish）的新功能列表以及关于该版本的其他信息。 + +> Xubuntu 22.04 LTS（Jammy Jellyfish）的新功能列表以及关于该版本的其他信息。 + ![Xubuntu 22.04 Desktop][1] ### Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - 新功能 -Xubuntu 22.04 LTS 由 Linux Kernel 5.15 和 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 的基础软件包提供支持。除此以外，默认的桌面环境版本是 Xfce 4.16。Xfce 桌面环境自 2020 年 12 月发布以来，没有看到任何重要的版本。 +Xubuntu 22.04 LTS 采用的是 Linux 内核 5.15，基础软件包来自 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS。除此以外，默认的桌面环境版本是 Xfce 4.16。Xfce 桌面环境自 2020 年 12 月发布以来，没有发布任何重要的版本。 -即便如此，Xfce 桌面 4.16 版本仍然是 Xubuntu 21.10（最后一个版本），桌面组件和本地应用得到了一些改进和错误修复。 +尽管如此，自 Xubuntu 21.10（最后一个版本）就在使用的 Xfce 桌面 4.16 版本，桌面组件和原生应用得到了一些改进和错误修复。 也许这个版本的重要工作是在 Greybird 主题中对 GTK4 和 libhandy 的初步支持（通过 3.23.1 版本）。这意味着来自 GNOME 生态系统的 GTK4 应用在 Xubuntu 的主题下看起来不错。 ### 应用更新 -默认的文件管理器 Thunar 4.16.10 增加了一些性能改进，包括回归修复、翻译更新和一些变化。虽然在扫描更新日志的时候，我找不到任何对用户可见的实质性报告。但如果你有兴趣，你可以[在这][2]详细阅读新闻。 +默认的文件管理器 Thunar 4.16.10 增加了一些性能改进，包括回归修复、翻译更新和一些变化。虽然在翻阅更新日志的时候，我找不到任何对用户可见的实质性报告。但如果你有兴趣，你可以 [在这][2] 详细阅读新闻。 +事实上，Thunar 现在正在和 Xfce 4.17 一起开发，包含了一些令人兴奋的变化。但不幸的是，我们都需要在短期支持版本中等待，因为要在长期支持版本中实现这些功能还为时过早。 -事实上，Thunar 现在正在开发 Xfce 4.17，它包含了一些令人兴奋的变化。但不幸的是，我们都需要在短期版本中等待，因为要在长期版本中实现这些功能还为时过早。 +除此之外，Xfce Terminal 在这个版本中仍然是 0.8.10。与 Thunar 类似，Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 重大更新也不会在这个长期支持版本中出现。 -除此之外，Xfce Terminal 在这个版本中仍然是 0.8.10。与 Thunar 类似，Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 的主要更新也不会在这个 LTS 版本中出现。 +除了这两个，其他的桌面组件仍然是最后的稳定版本，包括 Xfce Panel 4.16.3、Xfce Window Manager 4.16.1 和 Xfce Desktop 4.16。值得一提的是，Xfce 仍在进行 GTK4 的过渡工作，目前还没有太明确的时间表。 -除了这两个，其他的桌面组件仍然是最后的稳定版本，包括 Xfce Panel 4.16.3、Xfce window manager 4.16.1 和 Xfce Desktop 4.16。值得一提的是，Xfce 仍在进行 GTK4 的过渡工作，目前还没有太明确的时间表。 +此外，原生应用的版本被提升到最新的稳定迭代版本。但一个重大变化是，继 Ubuntu 之后， Xubuntu 22.04 中的 Firefox 可执行文件现在是 Snap 版本。因此，在理想情况下，用户不会感觉到任何差异，但由于其沙盒性质，可能会在扩展程序和其他工具方面面临一些问题。 -此外，原生应用看到它们的版本被提升到最新的稳定迭代版本。但一个重大变化是 Firefox 可执行文件现在是继 Ubuntu 之后的 Xubuntu 22.04 中的 Snap 版本。因此，在理想情况下，用户不会感觉到任何差异，但由于其沙盒性质，可能会在扩展程序和其他工具方面面临一些问题。 - -除此之外，Xubuntu 22.04 还期望从社区竞赛中获得一些漂亮的壁纸，包括一个默认壁纸。结果还没有出来。然而，你可以在[本页面][4]上找到一些令人兴奋的投稿。 +除此之外，Xubuntu 22.04 还期望从社区竞赛中获得一些漂亮的壁纸，其中一个作为默认壁纸。竞赛结果还没有出来。不过，你可以在 [本页面][4] 上找到一些令人兴奋的投稿。 ### 总结和下载 @@ -52,20 +53,12 @@ Xubuntu 22.04 LTS 由 Linux Kernel 5.15 和 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 的基础软件包 * Catfish 4.16.3 * Mousepad 0.5.8 - - 最后，要下载 Xubuntu 22.04 的 BETA 版本，请参考下面的 ISO 文件的链接。你可以尝试在虚拟机上安装或在物理系统中尝试。 * [xubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][5] * [其他下载选项包括torrent, checksum][6] - - -_通过 [官方更新日志][7]_ - -* * * - -我们带来最新的技术、软件新闻和重要的东西。通过 [Telegram][8]、[Twitter][9]、[YouTube][10] 和 [Facebook][11] 保持联系，永远不要错过任何更新！ +_信息来自 [官方更新日志][7]_ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -74,7 +67,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/xubuntu-22-04-lts/ 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From b4f47f4b48f60683c8e1a183c3388f9fa78c4c88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 16 Apr 2022 09:57:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 54/94] RP @lkxed https://linux.cn/article-14479-1.html --- ... Best Indie RPG Games for Linux in 2022.md | 54 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220410 10 Best Indie RPG Games for Linux in 2022.md (81%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220410 10 Best Indie RPG Games for Linux in 2022.md b/published/20220410 10 Best Indie RPG Games for Linux in 2022.md similarity index 81% rename from translated/tech/20220410 10 Best Indie RPG Games for Linux in 2022.md rename to published/20220410 10 Best Indie RPG Games for Linux in 2022.md index 8b3626f849..8391482514 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220410 10 Best Indie RPG Games for Linux in 2022.md +++ b/published/20220410 10 Best Indie RPG Games for Linux in 2022.md @@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14479-1.html" 2022 年 10 款最佳的 Linux 独立 RPG 游戏 ====== +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/16/095605drtattoin3r3rtmv.jpg) 无论是在 Windows、Linux 还是 macOS 上，你都能找到很多独立游戏玩。 你有可能会找到十分激动人心的游戏，这些游戏往往是被低估的，这使得探索独立游戏成为了一件令人兴奋的事。 @@ -20,13 +21,13 @@ 请注意，本列表包括来自 Steam 的游戏（没有特定的排名顺序），它们有些是免费的，有些则是付费的。 -如果你是一个狂热的游戏玩家，在游戏上花费了大量的时间和金钱，你应该订阅 Humble Monthly。这个来自 [Humble Bundle][1]（这是一个推广链接，请阅读我们的 [推广政策][2]）的月度订阅计划让你每个月只需花 12 美元就能获得 100 美元的游戏。 - -并不是所有游戏都能在 Linux 上玩，但这仍然是笔划算的交易，因为你从 Humble Bundle 网站购买任何游戏或书籍都能获得额外的 10% 折扣。 - -最棒的是，你的每一次购买都是对一个慈善组织的支持。因此，你不仅仅是在玩游戏，你也在为世界带来改变。 - -[订阅 Humble Monthly][1] +> 如果你是一个狂热的游戏玩家，在游戏上花费了大量的时间和金钱，你应该订阅 Humble Monthly。这个来自 [Humble Bundle][1]（这是一个推广链接，请阅读原文站点的 [推广政策][2]）的月度订阅计划让你每个月只需花 12 美元就能获得 100 美元的游戏。 +> +> 并不是所有游戏都能在 Linux 上玩，但这仍然是笔划算的交易，因为你从 Humble Bundle 网站购买任何游戏或书籍都能获得额外的 10% 折扣。 +> +> 最棒的是，你的每一次购买都是对一个慈善组织的支持。因此，你不仅仅是在玩游戏，你也在为世界带来改变。 +> +> - [订阅 Humble Monthly][1] ### 1. Valheim @@ -38,31 +39,32 @@ Valheim 是一个令人印象深刻的独立游戏，它目前仍处于内测阶 对于一个独立开发的游戏来说，它里面的世界看起来美极了，而且随着时间的推移，这个游戏也在不断改进。它是一款付费游戏，在 Steam 上的售价为 19.99 美元，它原生支持 Linux 平台。 -[Valheim][4] +> - [Valheim][4] ### 2. Undertale +![video](https://youtu.be/1Hojv0m3TqA) + Undertale 是一款有趣的 RPG 游戏，你不需要在游戏中杀任何人。你可以利用其战斗系统，通过谈判来摆脱危险。 游戏围绕着一个掉入地下怪物世界的人类而展开。令人惊讶的是，你可以和一个骷髅约会，甚至可以和所有的 boss 成为朋友。 因此，当你开始玩这个游戏时，你会有一个快乐的体验。 -[Undertale (Steam)][5] - -[Humble Bundle 商店][6] +> - [Undertal（Steam）][5] +> - [Humble Bundle 商店][6] ### 3. ARK：Survival Evolved ![][7] -ARK Survival Evolved 是一款生存和探索游戏，它发生在一个美丽设定下，里面有恐龙和其他生物。 +ARK Survival Evolved 是一款生存和探索游戏，它发生在一个美丽环境下，里面有恐龙和其他生物。 为了生存和逃跑，你需要制作、采集资源、狩猎、驯服生物、繁殖它们，以及做更多的事情。 它可能不完全像是一个独立游戏，但它尽力给你一个接近 3A 大作的游戏体验。 -[ARK: Survival Evolved][8] +> - [ARK: Survival Evolved][8] ### 4. Wildermyth @@ -70,11 +72,11 @@ ARK Survival Evolved 是一款生存和探索游戏，它发生在一个美丽 它是一个剧情决策 RPG 游戏，你的战术、战斗以及所做的决定将影响游戏中的世界和人物。 -你可以和你的角色们一起对抗邪恶，并体验他们的整个职业生涯。它不是一个普通的独立 RPG 游戏，而是一个提供角色深度的游戏，让你沉浸其中。 +你可以和你的角色们一起对抗邪恶，并跟随他们完成整个职业生涯。它不是一个普通的独立 RPG 游戏，而是一个提供角色深度的游戏，让你沉浸其中。 这个游戏售价为 24.99 美元，可在 Linux 上运行。 -[Wildermyth][10] +> - [Wildermyth][10] ### 5. Mount & Blade：Warband @@ -86,7 +88,7 @@ ARK Survival Evolved 是一款生存和探索游戏，它发生在一个美丽 游戏的基本费用为 9.99 美元。你可以根据需要购买额外的 DLC。 -[Mount & Blade][12] +> - [Mount & Blade][12] ### 6. Rakuen @@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ Rakuen 是一款有趣的冒险 RPG 游戏，它的主角是一个住在医院 该游戏在 Steam 上的价格为 9.9 美元。 -[Rakuen][14] +> - [Rakuen][14] ### 7. Darkwood @@ -108,9 +110,9 @@ Rakuen 是一款有趣的冒险 RPG 游戏，它的主角是一个住在医院 Darkwood 是一款独一无二的生存恐怖 RPG 游戏，它采用上帝视角。 -你可能认为它会是一个上帝视角的基本体验，但令人印象深刻的是，它设法提供了一个沉浸式的体验，在这个游戏中，你的决定至关重要。这个自由漫游的世界中没有任务标记，所以它会是一个具有挑战性的体验。 +你可能认为它会是一个上帝视角的基本体验，但令人印象深刻的是，它设法提供了一个沉浸式的体验，在这个游戏中，你的决定至关重要。这个自由漫游的世界中没有任何任务标记，所以它会是一个具有挑战性的体验。 -[Darkwood][16] +> - [Darkwood][16] ### 8. WAFKU @@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ WAFKU 是一个充满动作元素的大型多人在线 RPG 宇宙。 你可以建造自己的世界，控制生态系统，还可以参与政治生活。听起来很有意思，不是吗？ -[WAFKU][18] +> - [WAFKU][18] ### 9. Mechajammer @@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ Mechajammer 是一款有趣的 RPG 游戏，它具有令人兴奋的视觉效果 它或许不是一个受欢迎的选择，但它是一个硬核的经典风格的 RPG 游戏，因此口碑还是不错的。 -[Mechajammer][20] +> - [Mechajammer][20] ### 10. Finding Paradise @@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ Mechajammer 是一款有趣的 RPG 游戏，它具有令人兴奋的视觉效果 Finding Paradise 是一款很棒的故事驱动型 RPG 游戏，它围绕着实现一个垂死者的遗愿而展开。 -[Finding Paradise][22] +> - [Finding Paradise][22] ### 总结 @@ -163,7 +165,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/best-indie-rpg-games-linux/ 作者：[Ankush Das][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From f4e221b237a70f073bf45a89b5ac868ea50abc1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sat, 16 Apr 2022 14:56:38 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 55/94] RP @hwlife https://linux.cn/article-14480-1.html --- ...ge your passwords in the Linux terminal.md | 218 +++++++++++++++ ...ge your passwords in the Linux terminal.md | 261 ------------------ 2 files changed, 218 insertions(+), 261 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md diff --git a/published/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md b/published/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..415e376715 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md @@ -0,0 +1,218 @@ +[#]: subject: "Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/1/manage-passwords-linux-terminal" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "hwlife" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14480-1.html" + +在 Linux 终端里管理你的密码 +====== + +> pass 是一个经典的 UNIX 式密码管理系统，使用 GnuPG（GPG）作为加密方式，终端是它的主要界面。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/16/145508xw1uyw4ezbvrmybv.jpg) + +如今，我们每个人都有几十个密码。幸运的是，这些密码大部分几乎都是网站的，你可能通过互联网浏览器访问大部分网站，而许多浏览器都有内置的密码管理器。最流行的互联网浏览器也有一个同步的功能，可以帮助你在各种设备上运行的浏览器之间分发密码，所以当你需要时，绝不会找不到你的登录信息。如果这不能够满足你，还有类似 [BitWarden][2] 这样优秀的开源项目也可以托管你加密后的密码，确保只有你自己才能解锁它们。这些方案有助于你轻松维护独特的密码，我使用这些方便系统来管理一些密码。但是我的主密码存储库比以上这些方式简单的多。我主要是使用 [pass][3] ，这是一个经典的 UNIX 式密码管理系统，使用 GnuPG（GPG）作为加密方式，终端是它的主要界面。 + +### 安装 pass + +你可以从你的发行版仓库中安装 `pass` 命令。 + +在 Fedora、Mageia 和类似的发行版上，你可以用你的包管理器来安装它： + +``` +$ sudo dnf install pass +``` + +在 Elementary、Mint 和其它基于 Debian 的发行版上: + +``` +$ sudo apt install pass +``` + +在 macOS 上，你可以使用 [Homebrew][4] 来安装它： + +``` +$ brew install pass +``` + +### 设置 GnuPG + +在使用 `pass` 之前，你需要一个有效的 PGP（良好隐私Pretty Good Privacy）密钥。如果你已经维护了一个 PGP 密钥，你可以跳过这个步骤，或者你可以选择为使用 `pass` 而创建一个新的密钥。最常见的开源 PGP 实现是 GnuPG（GPG），它随 Linux 一起提供。对于 macOS，你可以从 [gpgtools.org][5]、Homebrew 或者 [Macports][6] 安装它。要创建 GnuPG 密码，运行这个命令： + +``` +$ gpg --generate-key +``` + +你会被提示输入你的名字和电子邮件，并且为密钥创建一个密码。你的密钥是一个数字文件，你的密码只有你自己知道。它俩组合起来能够“加锁”和“解锁”加密信息，比如包含密码的文件。 + +GPG 密钥更像是一个房门钥匙或者汽车钥匙，如果你失去了它，它“锁起来”的任何东西都会变得无法获得。仅仅知道你的密码是不够的。 + +如果你已经管理了几个 SSH 密钥，你可能已经习惯了这一点了。如果你对数字加密密钥是个新手，可能得花些时间来适应。备份你的 `~/.gnupg` 目录，这样当你下次心血来潮决定尝试一个令人兴奋的新发行版时，你就不会意外地删除它。 + +做一个备份，并保持备份安全。 + +### 设置 pass + +要开始使用 `pass` ，你必须初始化一个 _密码仓库_ ，它定义为一个储存位置，配置为使用特定加密密钥。你可以通过与密钥相关联的名称或数字指纹来指明要用于密码存储的 GPG 密钥。你自己的名字通常更容易选择： + +``` +$ pass init seth +mkdir: created directory '/home/seth/.password-store/' +Password store initialized for seth +``` + +如果你忘记了你的名称，你可以使用 `gpg` 命令查看数字指纹和关联你名称的密钥： + +``` +$ gpg --list-keys +gpg --list-keys +/home/seth/.gnupg/pubring.kbx +----------------------------- +pub  ed25519 2022-01-06 [SC] [expires: 2024-01-06] +     2BFF94286461216C907CBA52F067996F13EF10D8 +uid  [ultimate] Seth Kenlon <[seth@example.com][7]> +sub  cv25519 2022-01-06 [E] [expires: 2024-01-06] +``` + +用指纹初始化密码库与用你的名字初始化密码库基本相同： + +``` +$ pass init 2BFF94286461216C907CBA52F067996F13EF10D8 +``` + +### 存储密码 + +使用 `pass add` 命令添加密码到你的密码仓库： + +``` +$ pass add [www.example.com][8] +Enter password for [www.example.com][8]: +``` + +提示你键入你要添加的密码。 + +密码现在存储到了你的密码仓库中。你可以自己查看一下： + +``` +$ ls /root/.password-store/ +www.example.com.gpg +``` + +当然，这个文件是不可读的，并且你尝试对它运行 `cat` 或 `less` 时，在你的终端上会显示乱码（如果扰乱了你的显示，可以使用 `reset` 命令来恢复你的终端。） + +### 用 pass 编辑密码 + +我使用不同的用户名称进行不同的上网活动，所以网站的用户名常常和密码同样重要。`pass` 是有这个功能的，即使它默认状态下并不提示你。你可以使用 `pass edit` 命令添加用户名到密码文件： + +``` +$ pass edit www.example.com +``` + +这会打开一个编辑器（一般是你设置为 `EDITOR` 或者 `VISUAL` [环境变量][10] 的编辑器） 显示 `www.example.com` 文件的内容。目前，那仅仅是一个密码，但是你可以添加用户名甚至网址或者你想要添加的任何信息。它是个加密了的文件，所以你可以把你要放的任何东西放到里边。 + +``` +bd%dc$3a49af49498bb6f31bc964718C +user: seth123 +url: example.com +``` + +保存文件然后关闭。 + +### 从 pass 获取密码 + +要查看密码文件的内容，使用 `pass show` 命令： + +``` +$ pass show www.example.com +bd%dc$3a49af49498bb6f31bc964718C +user: seth123 +url: www.example.org +``` + +### 查找密码 + +有时候很难记住一个密码是归入到 `www.example.com` 还是 `example.com`，又或者一些类似 `app.example.com` 的网址。此外，一些网站架构使用不同的 URL 来实现不同的网站功能，所以你可能在 `www.example.com` 网址下填写过密码，你同时也用相同的登录信息在合作网站 `www.example.org` 下使用过密码。 + +如果有疑问，可以使用 `grep` 命令。`pass grep` 命令显示整个搜索项目的实例，无论是在文件名中还是在文件内容中： + +``` +$ pass grep example +www.example.com: +url: www.example.org +``` + +### 在浏览器中使用 pass + +我使用 `pass` 来获取互联网密码以外的信息，但是网站是我经常需要密码的地方。我常常在电脑上的某个地方打开一个终端，所以我通过 `Alt+Tab` 键切换到终端用 `pass` 来获取信息并不麻烦。但是我并不这么做是因为有一些插件可以将 `pass` 与网页浏览器整合在一起。 + +#### pass 托管脚本 + +首先，安装 `pass` 托管脚本： + +``` +$ curl -sSL github.com/passff/passff-host/release/latest/download/install_host_app.sh +``` + +这个脚本放置了一个 Python 脚本，帮助你的浏览器访问你的密码和 GPG 密码。用你所用的浏览器的名字运行它（或者不写参数，查看全部选项）： + +``` +$ bash ./install_host_app.sh firefox +``` + +如果你使用多个浏览器，你可以为每一个浏览器安装它。 + +#### pass 附件 + +一旦你已经安装了这个托管程序，你可以为你的浏览器安装一个附件或者扩展。在你的浏览器附件或者扩展管理器里搜索 `PassFF` 插件。 + +![PassFF][12] + +安装了这个附件，然后关闭并重新打开浏览器。 + +导航到一个你在密码仓库中存有密码的网站。在你的登录文本框右侧会显示一个小小的 “P” 图标。 + +![PassFF browser prompt][14] + +点击 “P” 按钮会看到你的密码仓库中与你网站名称匹配的一个列表。 + +![PassFF browser menu][15] + +点击“纸和笔”的图标填写表单，或者通过“纸飞机”的图标填写并自动提交表单。 + +轻松的密码管理，而且完全整合了！ + +### 尝试用 pass 作为你的 Linux 密码管理器 + +对于那些想用日常使用的工具来管理密码和个人信息的用户来说，`pass` 命令是一个很好的选择。如果你已经依赖 GPG 和终端，那么你可能会喜欢 `pass` 系统。对于那些不想让他们的密码被束缚在特定程序上的用户来说，这也是一个重要的选择。可能你并不只使用一个浏览器，或者你不喜欢这种想法，即如果你决定停止使用一个应用程序，可能很难从它那里提取你的密码。使用 `pass` ，你可以在一个 UNIX 式的直接系统中保持对你的秘密的控制。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/1/manage-passwords-linux-terminal + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/linux_keyboard_desktop.png?itok=I2nGw78_ (Linux keys on the keyboard for a desktop computer) +[2]: http://bitwarden.com +[3]: https://www.passwordstore.org/ +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/homebrew-mac +[5]: https://gpgtools.org/ +[6]: https://opensource.com/article/20/11/macports +[7]: mailto:seth@example.com +[8]: http://www.example.com +[9]: http://www.example.com.gpg +[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/what-are-environment-variables +[11]: http://www.example.org +[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/passff.jpg (PassFF) +[13]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ +[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/passff-button-web.jpg (PassFF browser prompt) +[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/passff-menu-web.jpg (PassFF browser menu) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md b/translated/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md deleted file mode 100644 index d981819c66..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20220119 Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,261 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Manage your passwords in the Linux terminal" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/1/manage-passwords-linux-terminal" -[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "hwlife" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -在 Linux 终端里管理你的密码 -====== -Pass 是一个经典的类 UNIX 密码管理系统，使用 GnuPG (GPG) 作为加密方式，并且终端作为它的主要界面。 - -![Linux keys on the keyboard for a desktop computer][1] - -这些日子里，我们有了几十个密码。幸运的是，这些密码大部分几乎都是用于网站的，而且你通过互联网浏览器访问了许多网站，许多浏览器都有内置的密码管理器。最普遍的互联网浏览器也有一个同步的功能帮助你所有设备上运行的浏览器之间分发共享密码，所以当你需要它的时候，绝不会找不到你的登录信息。如过这不能够满足你，还有类似 [BitWarden][2] 这样优秀的开源项目可以托管你的加密的密码，确保只有你自己才能解锁它们。这些方案帮助你轻松的维护唯一的密码，同时用这些方便的系统来选择密码。但是我的主密码存储库比以上这些方式简单的多。我主要是使用 [pass][3] ，一个经典的类 UNIX 密码管理系统，使用 GnuPG (GPG) 作为加密方式，并且终端作为它的主要界面。 - -### 安装 pass - -你可以从你的发行版仓库中安装 `pass` 命令。 - -在 Fedora，Mageia和类似的发行版上，你可以用你的包管理器来安装它： - - -``` -`$ sudo dnf install pass` -``` - -在 Elementary ，Mint 和其它基于 Debian 的发行版上: - - -``` -`$ sudo apt install pass` -``` - -在 macOS ,你可以使用 [Homebrew][4] 来安装它： - - -``` -`$ brew install pass` -``` - -### 设置 GnuPG - -在使用 `pass` 之前，你需要一个有效的 PGP ("Pretty Good Privacy") 密钥。如果你已经维护了一个 PGP 密钥，你可以跳过这个步骤，或者你可以选择为使用 `pass` 而创建一个新的密钥。最喜闻乐见的开源 PGP 协议是 Linux 附带的 GnuPG (GPG) ，你可以在 macOS 上从 [gpgtools.org][5] ，Homebrew 或者 [Macports][6] 来安装它。要创建 GnuPG 密码，运行这个命令： - -``` -`$ gpg --generate-key` -``` - -提示你输入你的名字和电子邮件并且为密钥创建密码。你的密钥是一个数字文件，你的密码只有你自己知道。它俩组合起来能够加密和解锁加密的信息，比如包含密码的文件。 - -GPG 密钥更像是一个房门钥匙或者车钥匙，如果你是去它，它加密的任何东西将不能在获得。光知道你的密码是不够的。 - -如果你已经管理了几个 SSH 密钥，你可能就知道怎么回事了。如果你对数字加密密钥是个新手，可能得花些时间来使用。备份你的 `~/.gnupg` 目录，你不能随意删除它，除非下次你一时兴起决定尝试一个新的发行版。 - -做一个备份保持备份安全。 - -### 设置 pass - -要开始使用 `pass` ， 你必须初始化一个 _密码仓库_ ，定义为一个已设置的使用指定加密密钥的储存位置。您可以通过与密钥相关联的名称或数字指纹来指示要用于密码存储的GPG密钥。你自己的名字通常更容易选择： - - -``` - - -$ pass init seth -mkdir: created directory '/home/seth/.password-store/' -Password store initialized for seth - -``` - -如果你忘记了你的名称，你可以使用 `gpg` 命令查看数字指纹和关联你名称的密钥： - - -``` - - -$ gpg --list-keys -gpg --list-keys -/home/seth/.gnupg/pubring.kbx -\----------------------------- -pub  ed25519 2022-01-06 [SC] [expires: 2024-01-06] -     2BFF94286461216C907CBA52F067996F13EF10D8 -uid  [ultimate] Seth Kenlon <[seth@example.com][7]> -sub  cv25519 2022-01-06 [E] [expires: 2024-01-06] - -``` - -用数字指纹初始化一个和你的名称基本相同的密码仓库： - - -``` -`$ pass init 2BFF94286461216C907CBA52F067996F13EF10D8` -``` - -### 存储密码 - -使用 `pass add` 命令添加密码到你的密码仓库： - - -``` - - -$ pass add [www.example.com][8] -Enter password for [www.example.com][8]: - -``` - -提示你键入你要添加的密码。 - -密码现在存储到了你的密码仓库中。你可以自己查看一下： - -``` - - -$ ls /root/.password-store/ -[www.example.com.gpg][9] - -``` - -当然，这个文件是不可读的，并且你尝试对它运行 `cat` 或 `less` 时，在你的终端上会显示乱码(如果显示太过杂乱，可以使用 `reset` 命令来恢复你的终端。) - - -### 用 pass 编辑密码 - -我使用不同的用户名称进行不同的上网活动，所以网站的用户名常常和密码同样重要。`pass` 是有这个功能的，即使它默认状态下并不提示你。你可以使用 `pass edit` 命令添加用户名到密码文件： - - -``` -`$ pass edit www.example.com` -``` - -这会打开一个编辑器 (特别是你已经设置了你的 `EDITOR` 或者 `VISUAL` [环境变量][10]) 显示 `www.example.com` 文件的内容。目前，那仅仅是一个密码，但是你可以添加用户名甚至网址或者你想要添加的任何信息。它是个加密了的文件，所以你可以把你要放的任何东西放到里边。 - - -``` - - -bd%dc$3a49af49498bb6f31bc964718C -user: seth123 -url: example.com - -``` - -保存文件然后关闭。 - -### 从 pass 获取密码 - -要查看密码文件的内容，使用 `pass show` 命令： - - -``` - - -$ pass show [www.example.com][8] -bd%dc$3a49af49498bb6f31bc964718C -user: seth123 -url: [www.example.org][11] - -``` - -### 查找密码 - -有时候很难记住是否在 `www.example.com` 或者仅仅是 `example.com` 又或者一些类似 `app.example.com` 的网址中填写过密码。此外，一些网站架构使用不同的 URLs 来实现不同的网站功能，所以你可能在 `www.example.com` 网址下填写过密码，你同时也用相同的登录信息在合作网站 `www.example.org` 下使用过密码。 - -如果有疑问，使用 `grep` 命令。 `pass grep` 命令显示整个搜索项目的实例，无论是在文件名中还是在文件内容中： - - -``` - - -$ pass grep example -[www.example.com][8]: -url: [www.example.org][11] - -``` - -### 在浏览器中使用 pass - -除了互联网密码，我还使用 `pass` 来查看信息，但是上网站是我经常需要密码的地方。我常常在电脑上有一个终端打开，所以我通过 **Alt+Tab** 键切换到终端用 `pass` 来获取信息。但是我并不这么做是因为有了网络浏览器整合了 `pass` 的插件。 - - -#### Pass 托管脚本 - -首先，安装 `pass` 托管脚本： - - -``` -`$ curl -sSL github.com/passff/passff-host/release/latest/download/install_host_app.sh` -``` - -这个脚本放置了一个 Python 脚本帮助你的浏览器访问你的密码和 GPG 密码。与其所用的浏览器同时运行(或者不运行，查看整个选项)： - - -``` -`$ bash ./install_host_app.sh firefox` -``` - -如果你使用多个浏览器，你可以为每一个浏览器安装它。 - -#### Pass 附件 - -一旦你已经安装了这个托管程序，你可以为你的浏览器安装一个附件或者扩展。在你的浏览器附件或者扩展管理器里搜索 `PassFF` 插件。 - - -![PassFF][12] - -(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][13]) - -安装了这个附件，然后关闭并重新打开浏览器。 - - -导航到一个你在密码仓库存存有密码的网站。在你的登录文本框右侧会显示一个小 **P** 的图标。 - -![PassFF browser prompt][14] - -(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][13]) - -点击 **P** 按钮会看到在你的密码仓库有一个与你网站名称匹配的列表。 - -![PassFF browser menu][15] - -(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][13]) - -点击纸和笔的图标填写表单或者通过纸飞机的图标填写并自动提交表单。 - -轻松的密码管理并完全整合了! - -### 尝试用 pass 作为你的 Linux 密码管理器 - -对于希望使用日常使用的工具管理密码和个人信息的用户来说，`pass` ”命令是一个很好的选择。如果你已经依赖 GPG 和终端，那么你可能会喜欢 `pass` 系统。对于用户不想让他们的密码和特定的程序挂钩，这也是一个重要的选择。可能你并不适用一个浏览器，或者你不喜欢这种想法，如果你决定停止使用它，从程序中提取密码就会变的困难。使用 `pass` ，你可以在类 UNIX 和直接的系统里保持着对你秘密的控制。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/1/manage-passwords-linux-terminal - -作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/linux_keyboard_desktop.png?itok=I2nGw78_ (Linux keys on the keyboard for a desktop computer) -[2]: http://bitwarden.com -[3]: https://www.passwordstore.org/ -[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/homebrew-mac -[5]: https://gpgtools.org/ -[6]: https://opensource.com/article/20/11/macports -[7]: mailto:seth@example.com -[8]: http://www.example.com -[9]: http://www.example.com.gpg -[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/what-are-environment-variables -[11]: http://www.example.org -[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/passff.jpg (PassFF) -[13]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ -[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/passff-button-web.jpg (PassFF browser prompt) -[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/passff-menu-web.jpg (PassFF browser menu) From dd36355a3f2f28cb4c4e5d2bde11e2187b12ff3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Sun, 17 Apr 2022 05:02:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 56/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220417=20Lu?= =?UTF-8?q?buntu=2022.04=20LTS=20=E2=80=93=20New=20Features=20and=20Releas?= =?UTF-8?q?e=20Details?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220417 Lubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md --- ... LTS - New Features and Release Details.md | 104 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 104 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220417 Lubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220417 Lubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/tech/20220417 Lubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7de21b601f --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220417 Lubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +[#]: subject: "Lubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/lubuntu-22-04-lts/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Lubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details +====== +A LIST OF NEW FEATURES AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE LUBUNTU 22.04 LTS +RELEASE. +Lubuntu is the LXQt-based Linux Distribution based on Ubuntu Linux. It is one of the super lightweight distros that brings both worlds’ power. With Lubuntu 22.04, you get the latest Ubuntu tech with a lightweight desktop environment. A perfect combination if you still favour the legacy desktops. + +![Lubuntu 22.04 LTS Desktop – isn’t it nice and clean][1] + +### Lubuntu 22.04 – New Features + +The Lubuntu 22.04 LTS based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, which features the Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS. The Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS brings the underlying Kernel support for the latest line of the hardware across processors, GPU and ARM chips. It also brings performance improvements across kernel modules and the secure and stable kernel to date. + +Perhaps the vital change in Lubuntu 22.04 LTS is the latest [LXQt desktop version 0.17][2] (based on Qt 5.15). If you are a Lubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa user, then you should notice significant changes in LXQt 0.17 compared to LXQt 0.14 from Focal Fossa. It is worth mentioning here that [LXQt 1.0.0][3] is the current stable release, and it will not be featured in this version due to schedule and planning mismatch. + +Firstly, LXQt 0.17 brings PCManFM-Qt 0.17, which brings a few changes such as displaying the creation time of files, options to create launchers and shortcuts from the menu and a fix for blurred thumbnails. + +![Creation time][4] + +![Launcher option and root instance in File Manager][5] + +Secondly, the LXQt power manager improves the idle watchers with separate AC and batter options. + +Other than that, the LXQt panel can not behave like a dock with an auto-hide feature when overlapped with the application window. + +![Autohide in LXQt 0.17][6] + +In addition, LXImage Qt image viewer brings “autofit” features when browsing images, a new thumbnail option in settings. Also many more bug fixes across the LXQt desktop in version 0.17, which lands in Lubutnu 22.04 LTS. + +[][7] + +SEE ALSO:   Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details + +Moreover, the default Browser is the Firefox Snap version, resulting in little slowness on this fast desktop. But it is completely a workload and hardware dependent. What I mean is, you may not feel Firefox Snap is slow in the latest Intel or AMD processor lineup, but it would feel slower compared to the Firefox deb version. + +Furthermore, Lubuntu 22.04 brings the Calamares installer (not the default Ubuntu installer) and adds the KDE Plasma’s Discover software manager. I believe these two are an excellent addition to this release and going to help users. + +Finally, an awesome default wallpaper featuring the official “Jammy Jellyfish” mascot enriches the overall Lubuntu desktop experience. + +### Summary and Download + +With that said, here is a summary of the applications and packages in Lubuntu 22.04 LTS. + + * Based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS + * LXQt Desktop 0.17.0 with Qt 5.15 support + * Linux Kernel 5.15 + * PCManFM-Qt 0.17.0 + * Discover 5.24 + * LibreOffice 7.3.2.x + * VLC Media Player 3.0.16 + * Qterminal 0.17 + * Featherpad text editor 1.0.1 + * Calamares installer 3.2.41 + + + +Overall, a perfect update of Lubuntu since the last LTS version, considering the latest LXQt desktop with the latest Qt support, new installer, Discover software manager and underlying applications. Lubuntu 22.04 LTS is now available to download using the below link as Beta. You may want to give it a spin before the final release. + + * [lubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][8] + * [lubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent][9] + + + +_A note on Lubuntu users: The official website of Lubuntu is [lubuntu.me][10]. There is another website with .net domain, which is not official. So, always get the info and download it from [lubuntu.me][10]._ + +* * * + +We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][11], [Twitter][12], [YouTube][13], and [Facebook][14] and never miss an update! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/lubuntu-22-04-lts/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Lubuntu-22.04-LTS-Desktop-isnt-it-nice-and-clean-1024x580.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/04/lxqt-0-17-release/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/lxqt-1-0-release/ +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Creation-time-1024x206.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Launcher-option-and-root-instance-in-File-Manager.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Autohide-in-LXQt-0.17.gif +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[8]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/22.04/beta/lubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso +[9]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/22.04/beta/lubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent +[10]: https://lubuntu.me/ +[11]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[12]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[13]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[14]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From 8a964d24a016cd965d9bd57e88b853cc1d306bac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Xingyu.Wang" Date: Sun, 17 Apr 2022 06:44:35 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 57/94] Rename sources/tech/20220417 Lubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md to sources/news/20220417 Lubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md --- ...220417 Lubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename sources/{tech => news}/20220417 Lubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220417 Lubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/news/20220417 Lubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/20220417 Lubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md rename to sources/news/20220417 Lubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md From 53d2ca649c3ff85287dd5396a4615d7e1a88dd6f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 17 Apr 2022 06:50:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 58/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=B8=85=E9=99=A4=E8=BF=87=E6=9C=9F?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...l-s First Alpha Release Looks Promising.md | 121 ------------------ 1 file changed, 121 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220405 Maui Shell-s First Alpha Release Looks Promising.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220405 Maui Shell-s First Alpha Release Looks Promising.md b/sources/news/20220405 Maui Shell-s First Alpha Release Looks Promising.md deleted file mode 100644 index f23fed0673..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220405 Maui Shell-s First Alpha Release Looks Promising.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,121 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Maui Shell’s First Alpha Release Looks Promising" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/maui-shell-alpha-release/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Maui Shell’s First Alpha Release Looks Promising -====== - -Even before its release, [Maui shell][1] has been praised as the future of the Linux desktop user interface. - -And, for all the right reasons: - -It attempts to bring convergence to the mainstream, just like Canonical tried with Unity. Regarding looks, you get modern aesthetics inspired by various existing desktop experiences. - -Overall, it could provide a good desktop experience thanks to various KDE technologies being used under the hood. - -If you didn’t know already, the team behind [Nitrux OS][2] is developing the Maui shell. - -Recently, they announced the first alpha release of the shell. Let me mention the key highlights of the release. - -### Maui Shell Alpha: What’s New? - -![][3] - -With the first alpha release, they focus on introducing missing features and fixing some of the biggest issues found with the initial testing. - -You can check out Jacob’s [first impressions on using Maui shell on a Linux phone][4] if you are curious. - -While it is still the “alpha” release, numerous problems experienced by early testers and developers may have been fixed. - -Some of the most significant changes include: - -#### Improving Cask - -**Cask** is the shell container with elements like cards, popups, panels, dock, and more. - -The first alpha release focused more on improving Cask. - -![][5] - -The panel now includes the ability to handle sound, Bluetooth, dark mode, brightness, dark mode, and media controls. - -Media control has a new look and can be expanded to get more options. - -The dock and launcher also received some visual tweaks, with subtle shadows/bold text. You will notice the most used apps on the first page of the launcher, along with the categories and quick access. - -They mention that it will be configurable for the users. - -There’s also an option to enable an adaptive color scheme, where the shell takes colors from wallpaper and change it to light/dark mode. - -While you can also toggle light/dark mode manually, it only works with the adaptive color feature disabled. - -![][6] - -In addition to all this, you will also find improvements to the panel cards, session cards, and notification cards. - -![][7] - -#### Functionality Upgrades - -A new session startup program called “**starcask-wayland**” is in place to set up all the necessary parts before launching the shell, including autostart services, setting environment variables, etc. - -You will also find a new [PolKit][8] agent added to handle authentication. - -The release note also mentions the backend stack being used for all the new functionalities introduced: - - * BlueDevil, to handle Bluetooth connections - * Plasma-nm for Network connections - * KSolid - * KIO for file manager functions - * PulseAudio - * MauiKit - * Kirigami - - - -#### Other Improvements - -This alpha release involves setting up the most basic functionalities needed in a modern desktop experience. - -Things like calendar integration are still in progress, and the overall completion of Cask (or the Shell container) is expected to be complete with its beta release in the future. - -The beta release is expected in **June**, with the final stable release scheduled for **September**. - -You can learn more about the technical changes, known issues, how you can contribute, and more details in its [official announcement post][9]. - -### How to Test Maui Shell Alpha Release? - -You will have to wait for the next Nitrux release or build it from the source if you want to get your hands on the first alpha release of Maui shell. - -Note that you should not try it on your production system, considering the shell is in heavy development. - -You can refer to the [announcement][9] for testing instructions or explore the [GitHub page][10]. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/maui-shell-alpha-release/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/maui-shell-unveiled/ -[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/reasons-to-try-nitrux-os/ -[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUwNyIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= -[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/tested-maui-shell/ -[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ1NCIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= -[6]: https://i0.wp.com/i.ytimg.com/vi/8WVkcMONYd0/hqdefault.jpg?w=780&ssl=1 -[7]: https://i0.wp.com/i.ytimg.com/vi/xmJjsR8_-pQ/hqdefault.jpg?w=780&ssl=1 -[8]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Polkit -[9]: https://nxos.org/maui/maui-shell-alpha-release/ -[10]: https://github.com/Nitrux/maui-shell/ From 19956f76700e26d6394b5fd65606aea48f4ffb9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 17 Apr 2022 07:16:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 59/94] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14482-1.html --- ...o Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md | 131 +++++++++++++++++ ...o Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md | 137 ------------------ 2 files changed, 131 insertions(+), 137 deletions(-) create mode 100644 published/20220406 Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md delete mode 100644 translated/tech/20220406 Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md diff --git a/published/20220406 Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md b/published/20220406 Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a6b9c64b22 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220406 Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +[#]: subject: "Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/unsnap-migrate-snap-to-flatpak/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14482-1.html" + +Ubuntu 的前 Snap 倡导者创建了一个工具，帮助你从 Snap 迁移到 Flatpak +====== + +> 吃惊！Canonical 的前 Snap 倡导者开发了一个工具，帮助你快速抛弃 Snap 并使用 Flatpak。 + +![](https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/unsnap.png) + +不喜欢使用 Snap？ + +好吧，你可以一直坚持使用传统的二进制包（deb/rpm），或者选择 [Flatpak][1]。 + +但是，如果你已经用上了 Snap 商店的应用，怎么办？ + +手动删除 Snap 应用，和 Snap 说再见，安装 Flatpak，并安装所有 Flatpak 需要的软件包，这将是非常耗时的。 + +这就是 “Unsnap” 派上用场的地方。 + +Unsnap 是一个开源工具，由 Canonical 的前 Snap 倡导者 **Alan Pope** 开发，帮助你从Snap 快速迁移到 Flatpak。 + +### Unsnap：它是如何工作的 + +> 请注意，该工具仍处于前 alpha 阶段，你可以测试它，但如果你想实际使用并帮助改进，你可能要做一些研究。 + +基本上，该工具生成的脚本可以帮助你做以下事情（按特定顺序）： + + * 备份现有的 Snap 软件包。 + * 安装 Flatpak（如果尚未存在）。 + * 启用 Flathub。 + * 为 Snap 应用安装相同的 Flatpak 应用。 + * 移除已安装的 Flatpak 应用的 Snap 应用。 + * 删除所有 Snap 软件包。 + +虽然脚本是在你运行工具时自动生成的，但你可以选择手动或自动逐个运行这些脚本来切换到 Flatpak 应用。 + +### 如何测试 Unsnap？ + +![][2] + +看了上面的截图，你可能对它的实现方式有了一个模糊的概念。你也可以参考它的 [GitHub 页面][3] 了解最新信息。 + +作为参考，让我为你强调一下步骤： + +#### 1、克隆 GitHub 仓库 + +请确保你已经 [在你的 Linux 发行版上安装了 Git][4]。完成后，你可以输入以下命令： + +``` +git clone https://github.com/popey/unsnap +``` + +#### 2、切换到该目录 + +当你克隆了仓库，你的系统上就会有 `unsnap` 目录。 + +输入以下命令切换到目录： + +``` +cd unsnap +``` + +#### 3、运行该工具 + +在切换到目标目录后，只需使用命令运行 `unsnap` 工具： + +``` +./unsnap +``` + +它将检查现有的 Snap 和 Flatpak 软件包等等，进行设置。 + +正如你在上面的截图中注意到的，它已经检测到我的系统有了 Flatpak 环境，所以它跳过了为这些任务生成脚本。 + +在这个过程中，它还会了解你系统上安装的 Snap 应用，以便在你运行生成的脚本时找到相应的 Flatpak 应用。 + +如果你想立即运行所有的脚本，你可以输入： + +``` +./unsnap auto +``` + +![][2] + +如果你想要不使用自动选项进行控制，你可以发现生成的脚本驻留在一个日志目录内，如下图所示： + +![][2a] + +下面是你应该遵循的脚本的执行顺序： + + * `00-backup` + * `01-install-flatpak` + * `02-enable-flathub` + * `03-install-flatpaks` + * `04-remove-snaps` + * `99-remove-snapd` + +在我的例子中，我已经设置了 Flatpak，所以我继续运行备份脚本，然后安装 Flatpak 软件包，如此循环。下面是它看起来的样子： + +![][2b] + +你应该记住，这个工具正在积极开发中，可能不会像预期那样工作。所以，你如果依赖众多的 Snap 应用，你应该在虚拟机或测试机上试验使用该工具，并等待该工具随着稳定版本的推出而改进。 + +请在下面的评论中告诉我你对 Unsnap 的看法。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/unsnap-migrate-snap-to-flatpak/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/ +[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/unsnap-auto.png +[3]: https://github.com/popey/unsnap +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-git-ubuntu/ +[2a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/unsnap-scripts.png +[2b]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/unsnap-install-flatpaks.png \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20220406 Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md b/translated/tech/20220406 Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md deleted file mode 100644 index cb63344ec9..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20220406 Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,137 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/unsnap-migrate-snap-to-flatpak/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Ubuntu 的前 Snap 倡导者创建了一个工具，帮助你从 Snap 迁移到 Flatpak -====== - -不喜欢使用 Snap？ - -好吧，你可以一直坚持使用传统的二进制包（deb/rpm），或者选择 [Flatpak][1]。 - -但是，如果你已经依赖 Snap 商店的应用，怎么办？ - -手动删除应用，摆脱 Snap，安装 Flatpak，并安装所有 Flatpak 包，这将是非常耗时的。 - -这就是 “Unsnap” 派上用场的地方。 - -Unsnap 是一个开源工具，由 Canonical 的前 Snap 倡导者 **Alan Pope** 开发，帮助你从使用 snap 包快速迁移到 Flatpaks。 - -### Unsnap：它是如何工作的 - -请注意，该工具仍处于前 alpha 阶段，你可以测试它，但如果你想帮助改进它并亲自尝试，你可能要做一些研究。 - -基本上，该工具生成的脚本可以帮助你做以下事情（按特定顺序）： - - * 备份现有的 Snaps。 - * 安装 Flatpak（如果尚未存在）。 - * 启用 Flathub。 - * 为相同的 Snap 应用安装 Flatpaks。 - * 移除已安装的 Flatpaks 的 Snap 应用。 - * 删除所有 Snap。 - - - -虽然脚本是在你运行工具时自动生成的，但你可以选择手动或自动逐个运行这些脚本来切换到 Flatpaks。 - -### 如何测试 Unsnap？ - -![][2] - -看了上面的截图，你可能对它的实现方式有了一个模糊的概念。你也可以参考它的 [GitHub 页面][3]了解最新信息。 - -作为参考，让我为你强调一下步骤： - -#### 1\. 克隆 GitHub 仓库 - -请确保你已经[在你的 Linux 发行版上安装了 Git][4]。完成后，你可以输入以下命令： - -``` - - git clone https://github.com/popey/unsnap - -``` - -#### 2\. 切换到该目录 - -当你克隆了仓库，你的系统上就会有 **unsnap** 目录。 - -输入以下命令切换到目录： - -``` - - cd unsnap - -``` - -#### 3\. 运行该工具 - -在切换到目标目录后，只需使用命令运行 **unsnap** 工具： - -``` - - ./unsnap - -``` - -它将检查现有的 snap、Flatpaks 等进行设置。 - -正如你在上面的截图中注意到的，它已经检测到我的系统有 Flatpak 设置，所以它跳过了为这些任务生成脚本。 - -在这个过程中，它还会了解你系统上安装的 Snap 包，以便在你运行生成的脚本时找到相应的 Flatpaks。 - -如果你想立即运行所有的脚本，你可以输入： - -``` - - ./unsnap auto - -``` - -![][2] - -如果你想在没有自动选项的情况下进行控制，你可以发现生成的脚本驻留在一个日志目录内，如下图所示： - -![][2] - -下面是你应该遵循的脚本的顺序： - - * 00-backup - * 01-install-flatpak - * 02-enable-flathub - * 03-install-flatpaks - * 04-remove-snaps - * 99-remove-snapd - - - -在我的例子中，我已经设置了 Flatpak，所以我继续运行备份脚本，然后安装 Flatpak，如此循环。下面是它看起来的样子： - -![][2] - -你应该记住，这个工具正在积极开发中，可能不会像预期那样工作。所以，你如果依赖众多的 Snap 包，你应该在虚拟机或测试机上试验使用该工具，并等待该工具随着稳定版本的推出而改进。 - -_请在下面的评论中告诉我你对 Unsnap 的看法。_ - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/unsnap-migrate-snap-to-flatpak/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/ -[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU4NyIgd2lkdGg9IjgzMSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= -[3]: https://github.com/popey/unsnap -[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-git-ubuntu/ From 8c63d53ab2b64caeeffed4faac28fd479f04fddd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Sun, 17 Apr 2022 08:46:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 60/94] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14483-1.html --- ... LTS - New Features and Release Details.md | 31 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md (56%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md b/published/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md similarity index 56% rename from translated/tech/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md rename to published/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md index 8e10a0d820..47a2ec9f18 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md +++ b/published/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md @@ -3,32 +3,34 @@ [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14483-1.html" Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - 新功能和发布细节 ====== -Kubuntu 22.04 LTS（Jammy jellyfish）的新功能列表以及关于该版本的其他信息。 + +> Kubuntu 22.04 LTS（Jammy Jellyfish）的新功能列表以及关于该版本的其他信息。 + ![Kubuntu 22.04 LTS Desktop][1] ### Kubuntu 22.04 LTS 新功能 -也许在可用性、外观和稳定性方面，最受欢迎的基于 Ubuntu 的 Linux 发行版是 Kubuntu。Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS 为 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS 提供支持，与 Ubuntu 基础相同。此外，它还具有 [KDE Plasma 5.24.x 系列][2]，这是当前 LTS 版本的 Plasma 桌面。 +也许在可用性、外观和稳定性方面，最受欢迎的基于 Ubuntu 的 Linux 发行版是 Kubuntu。Kubuntu 22.04 LTS 采用的是 Linux 内核 5.15 LTS，采用同 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 一样的基础软件包。此外，它还带有 [KDE Plasma 5.24.x 系列][2]，这是 Plasma 桌面当前的 LTS 版本。 -此外，KDE Plasma 5.24.x 系列是 KDE Plasma 桌面的第 26 个版本，带来了一些令人惊叹的功能，如概览效果、新通知等。尽管到今天为止它还不是最新的 Plasma，但它是最后一个稳定版本。 +此外，KDE Plasma 5.24.x 系列是 KDE Plasma 桌面的第 26 个版本，带来了一些令人惊叹的功能，如概览效果、新通知等。尽管到今天为止它还不是最新的 Plasma，但它是最新的稳定版本。 -另一方面，如果你将最后的 Kubuntu 20.04 LTS 与这个版本相比较，你应该期待一大堆变化。首先，Kubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa 有 KDE Plasma 5.18，而今天是 5.24 系列。你可以期待大量的新功能和一个完全不同的桌面，为更好的无障碍和性能而改进。其次，KDE Plasma 5.24 被 Qt 5.15.2 和 KDE Frameworks 5.90 支持，这也是自上一个 Kbuntu Focal Fossa 以来的一个跳跃。 +另一方面，如果你将上一个 Kubuntu 20.04 LTS 与这个版本相比较，你可以期待看到一大堆变化。首先，Kubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa 带有 KDE Plasma 5.18，而如今是 5.24 系列。你可以看到大量的新功能和一个完全不同的桌面，做了更好的无障碍和性能的改进。其次，KDE Plasma 5.24 由 Qt 5.15.2 和 KDE Frameworks 5.90 支持，这也是自上一个 Kbuntu Focal Fossa 以来的一个跳跃。 -毋庸置疑，你能体验到的重要功能是 Plasma 桌面新设计的概览屏幕。你可以使用 Meta+W 组合键启动它，而且必须有多个虚拟机。新的概览屏幕让你想起了 GNOME 的应用视图。该视图在顶部给你提供了虚拟桌面的缩略图，在中间，你可以看到虚拟桌面的开放窗口列表。它还为你提供了一个搜索选项，使你更快地找到你的应用。 +毋庸置疑，你能体验到的重要功能是 Plasma 桌面新设计的概览屏幕。你可以使用 `Meta+W` 组合键启动它，而且支持多个虚拟屏幕。新的概览屏幕会让你想起 GNOME 的应用视图。该视图在顶部给你提供了虚拟桌面的缩略图，在中间，你可以看到虚拟桌面打开的窗口列表。它还为你提供了一个搜索选项，可以使你更快地找到你的应用。 ![Kubuntu 22.04 Overview screen][3] -这个版本的 Plasma 还带来了一个自定义的强调色选项，会触发你对美丽桌面的想象。除此之外，更新的 Breeze Classic 主题和重新设计的字体大小使这个版本成为 LTS 版本中的一个完美版本。 +这个版本的 Plasma 还带来了一个自定义的强调色选项，会触发你对美丽桌面的灵感。除此之外，更新的 Breeze Classic 主题和重新设计的字体大小使这个版本成为 LTS 发布中的一个完美版本。 ### 其他变化 -由于 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS 的基础是 [Ubuntu 22.04][5]，核心应用和软件包给你提供了他们稳定版本中最好的东西，总结如下。 +由于 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS 基于 [Ubuntu 22.04][5]，其核心应用和软件包给你提供了他们稳定版本中最好的东西，总结如下： * KDE Plasma 5.24.x * KDE Frameworks 5.92 @@ -37,19 +39,12 @@ Kubuntu 22.04 LTS（Jammy jellyfish）的新功能列表以及关于该版本的 * Thunderbird 91.8 * LibreOffice 7.3.x - - 最后，要下载这个版本的 BETA 版本，请参考下面的 ISO 文件链接。你可以尝试在虚拟机上安装或在物理系统中尝试。 * [kubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][6] * - -* * * - -我们带来最新的技术、软件新闻和重要的东西。通过 [Telegram][7]、[Twitter][8]、[YouTube][9] 和 [Facebook][10] 保持联系，永远不会错过任何更新! - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/ @@ -57,7 +52,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/ 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 4a1b7afaa59624d317c6794854f62d57c6d3c473 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MjSeven Date: Sun, 17 Apr 2022 09:55:16 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 61/94] Translating --- .../tech/20220221 3 steps to start running containers today.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220221 3 steps to start running containers today.md b/sources/tech/20220221 3 steps to start running containers today.md index 9eaf660165..cdaa1b904f 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220221 3 steps to start running containers today.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220221 3 steps to start running containers today.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/2/start-running-containers" [#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "MjSeven" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From e8ce973499191cc2c104ed07fa7979888907adb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Sun, 17 Apr 2022 16:37:08 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 62/94] =?UTF-8?q?[=E8=87=AA=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220417=20How=20I=20scan=20family=20photos=20on=20Linux?= =?UTF-8?q?.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...20417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md | 69 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 69 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..258d628b41 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +[#]: subject: "How I scan family photos on Linux" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/4/scan-family-photos-linux" +[#]: author: "Alan Formy-Duval https://opensource.com/users/alanfdoss" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How I scan family photos on Linux +====== +With Linux, I can connect with my ancestors in unexpected ways. + +![Camera][1] + +Image by: + +PublicDomainPictures. CC0. + +Linux isn't just something that runs on servers and powers the internet. It's a safe place for your data, your family history and memories, working or having fun, and real life. + +Case in point: Right now I'm in the middle of a project scanning old family photos. I have been using Fedora Linux with the GNOME desktop for a few years, so I didn't have to install any additional software packages. I just plug my scanner into the USB port, start up the scanning software (Document Scanner), and I'm good to go. Keep reading to see how I did it. + +### Digitizing memories + +Many people are interested in learning more about their family history, ancestry, and legacy. With the technology now available, digitizing old artifacts has become a common practice. Whether it's your 1980s cassette collection, high school artwork, or old family photos, putting them into a digital format is a modern method of preservation and future proofing. + +My mom recently gave me some photos of some of my ancestors, so I have several images that I want to preserve. Scanning them not only provides a certain sense of permanence but also allows me to manipulate them in ways that were unheard of in the era when they were captured. For instance, I have a photo of my grandfather, who unfortunately passed a few years before my birth. By digitizing his photo, I can zoom in, get to know him, and maybe relate to him in a way that otherwise would be impossible. + +### Workflow + +The first thing to do is plug my Canon scanner into the USB port. When I open Document Scanner, it detects my Canon LiDE 210 scanner. Next, I place the photo onto the flatbed scanner. I adjust the settings for 2400 DPI image resolution to ensure I capture every detail. + +Then I click scan. At this resolution the scan may take a while, but once it is complete, I can crop the image as needed and save it. + +By the way, as I scan my photos and write this article, I'm also enjoying some of my favorite music with [Clementine][2], an open source audio player—on the same computer. Performance hit? Not a bit! + +Once scanning is complete, I've also got the option of cropping the image and saving it as a PDF, JPG, or whatever format I choose. + +### Real life + +Allow me to introduce my grandfather and my Uncle George, circa 1944. George was a World War II vet having seen action in Europe battling the Nazis. My grandfather, on the right, was the foreman of a southeastern North Carolina lumber mill. While he didn't see the battlefield, he was in charge of captured Nazi POWs assigned to work at his mill. He described them as young boys that just wanted to go home to their families. + +![Scan of photo of my grandfather][3] + +Image by: + +(Alan Formy-Duval, CC BY-SA 4.0) + +### Final thoughts + +As a dedicated Linux desktop user, I sometimes hear people say they don't use Linux because there are certain tasks it can't perform. Linux is all I use, and I haven't had that problem for roughly 14 years and counting. Whether you're looking for a pleasant pastime or a way to be more productive, there's likely a solution for you that runs on Linux. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/scan-family-photos-linux + +作者：[Alan Formy-Duval][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/alanfdoss +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/camera-photography-film.jpg +[2]: https://opensource.com/life/16/10/4-open-music-players-compared +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-04/Scanner_Picture2022.png From 00b17b6d61ddeda273662d366acd26646c39f8a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 18 Apr 2022 09:17:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 63/94] translated --- ...2 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md | 188 ------------------ ...2 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md | 188 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 188 insertions(+), 188 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md b/sources/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md deleted file mode 100644 index 661802a8e0..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,188 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "A list of new(ish) command line tools" -[#]: via: "https://jvns.ca/blog/2022/04/12/a-list-of-new-ish--command-line-tools/" -[#]: author: "Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -A list of new(ish) command line tools -====== - -Hello! Today I asked [on twitter][1] about newer command line tools, like `ripgrep` and `fd` and `fzf` and `exa` and `bat`. - -I got a bunch of replies with tools I hadn’t heard of, so I thought I’d make a list here. A lot of people also pointed at the [modern-unix][2] list. - -### replacements for standard tools - - * [ripgrep][3], [ag][4], [ack][5] (grep) - * [exa][6], [lsd][7] (ls) - * [mosh][8] (ssh) - * [bat][9] (cat) - * [delta][10] (a pager for git) - * [fd][11] (find) - * [drill][12], [dog][13] (dig) - * [duf][14] (df) - * [dust][15], ncdu (du) - * [pgcli][16] (psql) - * [btm][17], [btop][18], [glances][19], [gtop][20], [zenith][21] (top) - * [tldr][22] (man, sort of) - * [sd][23] (sed) - * [difftastic][24] (diff) - * mtr (traceroute) - * [plocate][25] (locate) - * xxd, [hexyl][26] (hexdump) - - - -### new inventions - -Here are some tools that are not exactly replacements for standard tools: - - * [z][27], [fasd][28], [autojump][29], [zoxide][30] (tools to make it easier to find files / change directories) - * [broot][31], [nnn][32], [ranger][33] (file manager) - * [direnv][34] (load environment variables depending on the current directory) - * [fzf][35], [peco][36] (“fuzzy finder”) - * [croc][37] and [magic-wormhole][38] (send files from one computer to another) - * [hyperfine][39] (benchmarking) - * [httpie][40], [curlie][41], [xh][42] (for making HTTP requests) - * [entr][43] (run arbitrary commands when files change) - * [asdf][44] (version manager for multiple languages) - * [tig][45], [lazygit][46] (interactive interfaces for git) - * [lazydocker][47] (interactive interface for docker) - * [choose][48] (the basics of awk/cut) - * [ctop][49] (top for containers) - * [fuck][50] (autocorrect command line errors) - * [tmate][51] (share your terminal with a friend) - * [lnav][52], [angle-grinder][53] (tools for managing logs) - * [mdp][54], [glow][55] (ways to display markdown in the terminal) - * pbcopy/pbpaste (for clipboard <> stdin/stdout) maybe aren’t “new” but were mentioned a lot. You can [use xclip][56] to do the same thing on Linux. - - - -**JSON/YAML/CSV things:** - - * [jq][57] (a great JSON-wrangling tool) - * [jc][58] (convert various tools’ output into JSON) - * [jo][59] (create JSON objects) - * [yq][60] (like `jq`, but for YAML). there’s also [another yq][61] - * [fq][62] (like `jq`, but for binary) - * [htmlq][63] (like `jq`, but for HTML) - * [fx][64] (interactive json tool) - * [jless][65] (json pager) - * [xsv][66] (a command line tool for csv files, from burntsushi) - * [visidata][67] (“an interactive multitool for tabular data”) - * [miller][68] (“like awk/sed/cut/join/sort for CSV/TSV/JSON/JSON lines”) - - - -**grep things:** - - * [pdfgrep][69] (grep for PDF) - * [gron][70] (make JSON greppable) - * [ripgrep-all][71] (ripgrep, but also PDF, zip, ebooks, etc) - - - -### less-new tools - -Here are a few of not-so-new tools folks mentioned aren’t that well known: - - * pv (“pipe viewer”, gives you a progress bar for a pipe) - * vidir (from [moreutils][72], lets you batch rename/delete files in vim) - * sponge, ts, parallel (also from moreutils) - - - -### some of my favourites - -My favourites of these that I use already are `entr`, `ripgrep`, `git-delta`, `httpie`, `plocate`, and `jq`. - -I’m interested in trying out `direnv`, `btm`, `z`, `xsv`, and `duf`, but I think the most exciting tool I learned about is `vidir`. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2022/04/12/a-list-of-new-ish--command-line-tools/ - -作者：[Julia Evans][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://jvns.ca/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://twitter.com/b0rk/status/1513903221466664962 -[2]: https://github.com/ibraheemdev/modern-unix -[3]: https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep/ -[4]: https://github.com/ggreer/the_silver_searcher -[5]: https://github.com/beyondgrep/ack3 -[6]: https://github.com/ogham/exa -[7]: https://github.com/Peltoche/lsd -[8]: https://mosh.org/ -[9]: https://github.com/sharkdp/bat -[10]: https://github.com/dandavison/delta -[11]: https://github.com/sharkdp/fd -[12]: https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/projects/ldns/about/ -[13]: https://github.com/ogham/dog -[14]: https://github.com/muesli/duf -[15]: https://github.com/bootandy/dust -[16]: https://www.pgcli.com/ -[17]: https://github.com/ClementTsang/bottom -[18]: https://github.com/aristocratos/btop -[19]: https://github.com/nicolargo/glances -[20]: https://github.com/aksakalli/gtop -[21]: https://github.com/bvaisvil/zenith -[22]: https://tldr.sh/ -[23]: https://github.com/chmln/sd -[24]: https://github.com/Wilfred/difftastic -[25]: https://plocate.sesse.net/ -[26]: https://github.com/sharkdp/hexyl -[27]: https://github.com/rupa/z -[28]: https://github.com/clvv/fasd -[29]: https://github.com/wting/autojump -[30]: https://github.com/ajeetdsouza/zoxide -[31]: https://github.com/Canop/broot -[32]: https://github.com/jarun/nnn -[33]: https://github.com/ranger/ranger -[34]: https://github.com/direnv/direnv -[35]: https://github.com/junegunn/fzf -[36]: https://github.com/peco/peco -[37]: https://github.com/schollz/croc -[38]: https://github.com/magic-wormhole/magic-wormhole -[39]: https://github.com/sharkdp/hyperfine -[40]: https://httpie.io/ -[41]: https://github.com/rs/curlie -[42]: https://github.com/ducaale/xh -[43]: https://github.com/eradman/entr -[44]: https://github.com/asdf-vm/asdf -[45]: https://github.com/jonas/tig -[46]: https://github.com/jesseduffield/lazygit -[47]: https://github.com/jesseduffield/lazydocker -[48]: https://github.com/theryangeary/choose -[49]: https://github.com/bcicen/ctop -[50]: https://github.com/nvbn/thefuck -[51]: https://tmate.io/ -[52]: https://github.com/tstack/lnav -[53]: https://github.com/rcoh/angle-grinder -[54]: https://github.com/visit1985/mdp -[55]: https://github.com/charmbracelet/glow -[56]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5130968/how-can-i-copy-the-output-of-a-command-directly-into-my-clipboard/41843618#41843618 -[57]: https://stedolan.github.io/jq/ -[58]: https://github.com/kellyjonbrazil/jc -[59]: https://github.com/jpmens/jo -[60]: https://github.com/mikefarah/yq -[61]: https://github.com/kislyuk/yq -[62]: https://github.com/wader/fq -[63]: https://github.com/mgdm/htmlq -[64]: https://github.com/antonmedv/fx -[65]: https://github.com/PaulJuliusMartinez/jless -[66]: https://github.com/BurntSushi/xsv -[67]: https://www.visidata.org/ -[68]: https://github.com/johnkerl/miller -[69]: https://pdfgrep.org/ -[70]: https://github.com/tomnomnom/gron -[71]: https://github.com/phiresky/ripgrep-all -[72]: https://joeyh.name/code/moreutils diff --git a/translated/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md b/translated/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e6ca8521f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ +[#]: subject: "A list of new（ish） command line tools" +[#]: via: "https://jvns.ca/blog/2022/04/12/a-list-of-new-ish--command-line-tools/" +[#]: author: "Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +一个新的命令行工具列表 +====== + +你好！今天我[在 twitter][1] 询问了一些新的命令行工具，比如 `ripgrep` 和 `fd` 以及 `fzf` 和 `exa` 以及 `bat`。 + +我收到了一大堆我没有听说过的工具的回复，所以我想我应该在这里列出一个清单。很多人还指出了 [modern-unix][2] 的列表。 + +### 标准工具的替代物 + + * [ripgrep][3]、[ag][4]、[ack][5] （grep） + * [exa][6]、[lsd][7] （ls） + * [mosh][8] （ssh） + * [bat][9] （cat） + * [delta][10] （git 分页器） + * [fd][11] （find） + * [drill][12]、[dog][13] （dig） + * [duf][14] （df） + * [dust][15]、ncdu （du） + * [pgcli][16] （psql） + * [btm][17]、[btop][18]、[glances][19]、[gtop][20]、[zenith][21] （top） + * [tldr][22] （类似 man） + * [sd][23] （sed） + * [difftastic][24] （diff） + * mtr （traceroute） + * [plocate][25] （locate） + * xxd、[hexyl][26] （hexdump） + + + +### 新的发明 + +这里有一些不完全是替代标准工具的工具： + + * [z][27]、[fasd][28]、[autojump][29]、[zoxide][30] （使查找文件/改变目录更容易的工具） + * [broot][31]、[nnn][32]、[ranger][33] （文件管理器） + * [direnv][34] （根据当前目录加载环境变量） + * [fzf][35]、[peco][36] （“模糊查找器”） + * [croc][37] and [magic-wormhole][38] （将文件从一台计算机发送到另一台） + * [hyperfine][39] 基准测试 + * [httpie][40]、[curlie][41]、[xh][42] （用于发出 HTTP 请求） + * [entr][43] （当文件改变时运行任意命令） + * [asdf][44] （多语言的版本管理器） + * [tig][45]、[lazygit][46] （git 的交互界面） + * [lazydocker][47] （docker 的交互式界面） + * [choose][48] （awk/cut 的基础） + * [ctop][49] （容器的 top） + * [fuck][50] （自动纠正命令行错误） + * [tmate][51] （与朋友分享你的终端） + * [lnav][52]、[angle-grinder][53] （管理日志的工具） + * [mdp][54]、[glow][55] （在终端显示 markdown 的方法） + * pbcopy/pbpaste （用于剪贴板标准输入/标准输出，可能不是“新的”，但被提到了很多。你可以使用 xclip 在 Linux 上做同样的事情。） + + + +**JSON/YAML/CSV 工具：** + + * [jq][57] （一个很好的 JSON 处理工具） + * [jc][58] （将各种工具的输出转换成 JSON） + * [jo][59] （创建 JSON 对象） + * [yq][60] （类似 `jq`，但用于 YAML）。还有[另一个 yq][61] 。 + * [fq][62] （类似 `jq`，但用于二进制） + * [htmlq][63] （类似 `jq`，但用于 HTML） + * [fx][64] （交互式 json 工具） + * [jless][65] （json 分页器） + * [xsv][66] （一个用于 csv 文件的命令行工具，来自 burntsushi） + * [visidata][67] （“一个用于表格数据的交互式多功能工具”） + * [miller][68] （“像 awk/sed/cut/join/sort 一样用于 CSV/TSV/JSON/JSON 行”） + + + +**grep 工具：** + + * [pdfgrep][69] （用于 PDF 的 grep） + * [gron][70] （使 JSON 可 grep） + * [ripgrep-all][71] （ripgrep，但包括 PDF、zip、ebooks 等） + + + +### 不太新的工具 + +下面是一些不那么新的工具，人们提到的不那么知名的工具： + + * pv （“pipe viewer”, 给你一个管道的进度条） + * vidir （来自 [moreutils][72]，让你在 vim 中批量重命名/删除文件） + * sponge、ts、parallel （也来自 moreutils） + + + +### 我的一些最爱 + +我最喜欢的是 `entr`、`ripgrep`、`git-delta`、`httpie`、`plocate`和 `jq`，这些都是我已经使用的。 + +我有兴趣尝试 `direnv`、`btm`、`z`、`xsv` 和 `duf`，但我认为我了解到的最令人兴奋的工具是 `vidir`。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2022/04/12/a-list-of-new-ish--command-line-tools/ + +作者：[Julia Evans][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi]（https://github.com/geekpi） +校对：[校对者ID]（https://github.com/校对者ID） + +本文由 [LCTT]（https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject） 原创编译，[Linux中国]（https://linux.cn/） 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://jvns.ca/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://twitter.com/b0rk/status/1513903221466664962 +[2]: https://github.com/ibraheemdev/modern-unix +[3]: https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep/ +[4]: https://github.com/ggreer/the_silver_searcher +[5]: https://github.com/beyondgrep/ack3 +[6]: https://github.com/ogham/exa +[7]: https://github.com/Peltoche/lsd +[8]: https://mosh.org/ +[9]: https://github.com/sharkdp/bat +[10]: https://github.com/dandavison/delta +[11]: https://github.com/sharkdp/fd +[12]: https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/projects/ldns/about/ +[13]: https://github.com/ogham/dog +[14]: https://github.com/muesli/duf +[15]: https://github.com/bootandy/dust +[16]: https://www.pgcli.com/ +[17]: https://github.com/ClementTsang/bottom +[18]: https://github.com/aristocratos/btop +[19]: https://github.com/nicolargo/glances +[20]: https://github.com/aksakalli/gtop +[21]: https://github.com/bvaisvil/zenith +[22]: https://tldr.sh/ +[23]: https://github.com/chmln/sd +[24]: https://github.com/Wilfred/difftastic +[25]: https://plocate.sesse.net/ +[26]: https://github.com/sharkdp/hexyl +[27]: https://github.com/rupa/z +[28]: https://github.com/clvv/fasd +[29]: https://github.com/wting/autojump +[30]: https://github.com/ajeetdsouza/zoxide +[31]: https://github.com/Canop/broot +[32]: https://github.com/jarun/nnn +[33]: https://github.com/ranger/ranger +[34]: https://github.com/direnv/direnv +[35]: https://github.com/junegunn/fzf +[36]: https://github.com/peco/peco +[37]: https://github.com/schollz/croc +[38]: https://github.com/magic-wormhole/magic-wormhole +[39]: https://github.com/sharkdp/hyperfine +[40]: https://httpie.io/ +[41]: https://github.com/rs/curlie +[42]: https://github.com/ducaale/xh +[43]: https://github.com/eradman/entr +[44]: https://github.com/asdf-vm/asdf +[45]: https://github.com/jonas/tig +[46]: https://github.com/jesseduffield/lazygit +[47]: https://github.com/jesseduffield/lazydocker +[48]: https://github.com/theryangeary/choose +[49]: https://github.com/bcicen/ctop +[50]: https://github.com/nvbn/thefuck +[51]: https://tmate.io/ +[52]: https://github.com/tstack/lnav +[53]: https://github.com/rcoh/angle-grinder +[54]: https://github.com/visit1985/mdp +[55]: https://github.com/charmbracelet/glow +[56]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5130968/how-can-i-copy-the-output-of-a-command-directly-into-my-clipboard/41843618#41843618 +[57]: https://stedolan.github.io/jq/ +[58]: https://github.com/kellyjonbrazil/jc +[59]: https://github.com/jpmens/jo +[60]: https://github.com/mikefarah/yq +[61]: https://github.com/kislyuk/yq +[62]: https://github.com/wader/fq +[63]: https://github.com/mgdm/htmlq +[64]: https://github.com/antonmedv/fx +[65]: https://github.com/PaulJuliusMartinez/jless +[66]: https://github.com/BurntSushi/xsv +[67]: https://www.visidata.org/ +[68]: https://github.com/johnkerl/miller +[69]: https://pdfgrep.org/ +[70]: https://github.com/tomnomnom/gron +[71]: https://github.com/phiresky/ripgrep-all +[72]: https://joeyh.name/code/moreutils From 3347468d73160041136898828a20b2b5625a8a90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Mon, 18 Apr 2022 09:21:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 64/94] translating --- sources/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md index 258d628b41..143f097c54 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/4/scan-family-photos-linux" [#]: author: "Alan Formy-Duval https://opensource.com/users/alanfdoss" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 04a172f47076f91c20c38ecbf2a4ef8a1e53d225 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 18 Apr 2022 12:33:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 65/94] =?UTF-8?q?[=E8=87=AA=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][ta?= =?UTF-8?q?lk]:=2020220415=20How=20the=20C=20programming=20language=20has?= =?UTF-8?q?=20grown.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ow the C programming language has grown.md | 88 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 88 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20220415 How the C programming language has grown.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20220415 How the C programming language has grown.md b/sources/talk/20220415 How the C programming language has grown.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6cfaa40aed --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20220415 How the C programming language has grown.md @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +[#]: subject: "How the C programming language has grown" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/3/how-c-programming-language-has-grown" +[#]: author: "Jim Hall https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +How the C programming language has grown +====== +Here's my interview with Brian Kernighan, co-author (with Dennis Ritchie) of The C Programming Language book, to discuss the C programming language and its 50-year history. + +![The original C programming guide by two of the language authors, circa 1978][1] + +The C programming language will turn fifty years old in 2022. Yet despite its long history, C remains one of the top "most-used" programming languages in many "popular programming languages" surveys. For example, check out the [TIOBE Index][2], which tracks the popularity of different programming languages. Many Linux applications are written in C, such as the GNOME desktop. + +I interviewed [Brian Kernighan][3], co-author (with Dennis Ritchie) of *The C Programming Language* book, to learn more about the C programming language and its history. + +**Where did the C programming language come from?** + +C is an evolution of a sequence of languages intended for system programming—that is, writing programs like compilers, assemblers, editors, and ultimately operating systems. The Multics project at MIT, with Bell Labs as a partner, planned to write everything in a high-level language (a new idea at the time, roughly 1965). They were going to use IBM's PL/1, but it was very complicated, and the promised compilers didn't arrive in time. + +After a brief flirtation with a subset called EPL (by Doug McIlroy of Bell Labs), Multics turned to BCPL, a much simpler and cleaner language designed and implemented by Martin Richards of Cambridge, who I think was visiting MIT at the time. When Ken Thompson started working on what became Unix, he created an even simpler language, based on BCPL, that he called B. He implemented it for the PDP-7 used for the first proto-Unix system in 1969. + +BCPL and B were both "typeless" languages; that is, they had only one data type, integer. The DEC PDP-11, which arrived on the scene in about 1971 and was the computer for the first real Unix implementation, supported several data types, notably 8-bit bytes as well as 16-bit integers. For that, a language that also supported several data types was a better fit. That's the origin of C. + +**How was C used within Bell Labs and the early versions of Unix?** + +C was originally used only on Unix, though after a while, there were also C compilers for other machines and operating systems. Mostly it was used for system-programming applications, which covered quite a spectrum of interesting areas, along with a lot of systems for managing operations of AT&T's telephone network. + +**What was the most interesting project written in C at Bell Labs?** + +Arguably, the most interesting, memorable, and important C program was the Unix operating system itself. The first version of Unix in 1971 was in PDP-11 assembly language, but by the time of the fourth edition, around 1973, it was rewritten in C. That was truly crucial since it meant that the operating system (and all its supporting software) could be ported to a different kind of computer basically by recompiling everything. Not quite that simple in practice, but not far off. + +**You co-authored The C Programming Language book with Dennis Ritchie. How did that book come about, and how did you and Dennis collaborate on the book?** + +I had written a tutorial on Ken Thompson's B language to help people get started with it. I upgraded that to a tutorial on C when it became available. And after a while, I twisted Dennis's arm to write a C book with me. Basically, I wrote most of the tutorial material, except for the system call chapter, and Dennis had already written the reference manual, which was excellent. Then we worked back and forth to smooth out the tutorial parts; the reference manual stayed pretty much the same since it was so well done from the beginning. The book was formatted with the *troff* formatter, one of many tools on Unix, and I did most of the formatting work. + +**When did C become a thing that other programmers outside of Bell Labs used for their work?** + +I don't really remember well at this point, but I think C mostly followed along with Unix for the first half dozen years or so. With the development of compilers for other operating systems, it began to spread to other systems besides Unix. I don't recall when we realized that C and Unix were having a real effect, but it must have been in the mid to late 1970s. + +**Why did C become such an influential programming language?** + +The primary reason in the early days was its association with Unix, which spread rapidly. If you used Unix, you wrote in C. Later on, C spread to computers that might not necessarily run Unix, though many did because of the portable C compiler that Steve Johnson wrote. The workstation market, with companies like Sun Microsystems, MIPS (which became SGI), and others, was enabled by the combination of Unix and C. The IBM PC came somewhat later, about 1982, and C became one of the standard languages, under MS-DOS and then Windows. And today, most Internet of Things (IoT) devices will use C. + +**C remains a popular programming language today, some 50 years after its creation. Why has C remained so popular?** + +I think C hit a sweet spot with efficiency and expressiveness. In earlier times, efficiency really mattered since computers were slow and had limited memory compared to what we are used to today. C was very efficient, in the sense that it could be compiled into efficient machine code, and it was simple enough that it was easy to see how to compile it. At the same time, it was very expressive, easy to write, and compact. No other language has hit that kind of spot quite so well, at least in my humble but correct opinion. + +**How has the C programming language grown or changed over the years?** + +C has grown modestly, I guess, but I haven't paid much attention to the evolving C standards. There are enough changes that code written in the 1980s needs a bit of work before it will compile, but it's mostly related to being honest about types. Newer features like complex numbers are perhaps useful, but not to me, so I can't make an informed comment. + +**What programming problems can be solved most easily in C?** + +Well, it's a good language for anything, but today, with lots of memory and processing power, most programmers are well served by languages like Python that take care of memory management and other more high-level constructs. C remains a good choice for lower levels where squeezing cycles and bytes still matter. + +**C has influenced other programming languages, including C++, Java, Go, and Rust. What are your thoughts on these other programming languages?** + +Almost every language is in some ways a reaction to its predecessors. To over-simplify a fair amount, C++ adds mechanisms to control access to information, so it's better than C for really large programs. [Java][4] is a reaction to the perceived complexity of C++. Go is a reaction to the complexity of C++ and the restrictions of [Java][4]. [Rust][5] is an attempt to deal with memory management issues in C (and presumably C++) while coming close to C's efficiency. + +They all have real positive attributes, but somehow no one is ever quite satisfied, so there will always be more languages that, in their turn, react to what has gone before. At the same time, the older languages, for the most part, will remain around because they do their job well, and there's an embedded base where they are perfectly fine, and it would be infeasible to reimplement in something newer. + +Thanks to Brian for sharing this great history of the C programming language! + +Would you like to learn C programming? Start with these popular C programming articles from the last year: [5 ways to learn the C programming language in 2022][6]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/3/how-c-programming-language-has-grown + +作者：[Jim Hall][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2482009942_6caea217e0_c.jpg +[2]: https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/ +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/22/1/interview-brian-kernighan +[4]: https://opensource.com/tags/java +[5]: https://opensource.com/tags/rust +[6]: https://opensource.com/article/22/1/c-programming From 26a8a51f5c72c1976e65654a277b89ed66ff6575 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Mon, 18 Apr 2022 15:33:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 66/94] RP:20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @aREversez https://linux.cn/article-14485-1.html 翻译的不错！ --- ...u vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md | 100 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 50 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md (67%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md b/published/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md similarity index 67% rename from translated/tech/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md rename to published/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md index f103eefb08..c4836821b5 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md +++ b/published/20220303 Ubuntu vs Arch- Which Linux Distro is better.md @@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "aREversez" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14485-1.html" -Ubuntu vs Arch: 孰优孰劣？ +Ubuntu vs Arch：孰优孰劣？ ====== Ubuntu 与 Arch Linux 为用户提供了完全不同的桌面体验。 @@ -18,35 +18,35 @@ Ubuntu 与 Arch Linux 为用户提供了完全不同的桌面体验。 在这篇文章中，我将从各方面介绍 Ubuntu 和 Arch Linux 的不同之处，希望可以帮助你解决这一选择难题。 -![][2] +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/18/152800txaq8qdjsmj1oxaj.jpg) ### 1、目标用户 -Arch Linux 旨在为那些喜欢鼓捣喜欢折腾的用户提供 **DIY** 体验，自定义 Linux 系统的各种元素。 +Arch Linux 旨在为那些喜欢鼓捣、喜欢折腾的用户提供 **DIY** 体验，自定义 Linux 系统的各种元素。 -比如，构建软件包，用以自定义桌面。 +比如，构建软件包，以及自定义桌面。 -这种开箱即用的体验取决于 [安装设置了 Arch Linux][3] 的用户。所以，Arch Linux 可以轻易迎合寻找不同包以及桌面环境等元素的用户。 +Arch Linux 的上手体验取决于 [安装设置它][3] 的用户。所以，Arch Linux 可以轻易迎合寻找不同包以及桌面环境等元素的用户。 -而另一方面，Ubuntu 的目标用户是那些想使用**操作方便，预先配置好的** Linux 系统。 +而另一方面，Ubuntu 的目标用户是那些想使用 **操作方便，预先配置好的** Linux 系统。 -这类用户希望系统预装基础工具，确保一切都会按照预期进行。换言之，他们想要的是一个理想的系统，无需担心设置问题。 +这类用户希望系统预装必要的工具，确保一切都会按照预期进行。换言之，他们想要的是一个理想的系统，无需担心设置问题。 Ubuntu 也不希望用户花费大把时间来提升自己的体验，所以它选择以满足绝大多数用户的需求为基准。 -### 2、安装 +### 2、系统安装 -不得不说，Ubuntu 提供了简洁直观的安装方式，因为它提供的 GUI 大大方便了软件安装。 +不得不说，Ubuntu 提供了简洁直观的安装方式，因为它提供的图形用户界面大大方便了安装。 ![][4] -如果有需要，你甚至可以 [在 Ubuntu 服务器上安装一个 GUI][5]。 +如果有需要，你甚至可以 [在 Ubuntu 服务器上安装一个图形用户界面][5]。 但要安装 Arch Linux，你就不得不使用终端（命令行）。 ![][6] -还好，[Arch Linux 现在有了安装指导][7] 可以参考，这使得通过终端安装 Arch Linux 变得更加容易了。 +还好，[Arch Linux 现在有了引导式的安装程序][7]，这使得通过终端安装 Arch Linux 变得更加容易了。 ![][8] @@ -56,41 +56,41 @@ Ubuntu 也不希望用户花费大把时间来提升自己的体验，所以它 ![][9] -Ubuntu 旨在**方便用户**。为此，Ubuntu 项目的领导者 Canonical 公司提供了自定义的 GNOME 桌面环境体验。 +Ubuntu 旨在 **方便用户**。为此，Ubuntu 项目的领导者 Canonical 公司提供了自定义的 GNOME 桌面环境体验。 尽管你可能无法像在 KDE Plasma 上那样自由地定制桌面，你依然可以有很多其他选择。感兴趣的话，可以点击了解 [KDE vs GNOME][10]。 Ubuntu 也会定期收集用户体验反馈信息，尽可能地帮助用户提高工作效率。 -Arch Linux **更加关注功能** 以及其他技术方面，而不是用户的桌面体验。用户体验完全取决于用户在安装 Arch Linux 时是如何设置的。 +Arch Linux **更加注重功能** 以及其他技术方面，而不是用户的桌面体验。用户体验完全取决于用户在安装 Arch Linux 时是如何设置的。 使用 Arch Linux 时，你能依赖的只有桌面环境提供的开箱即用工具，没有为用户量身定制的改进。如果你想体验一些不一样的东西，你就必须对系统加以调整。 ![Arch Linux with GNOME][11] -不过，好在 Arch Linux 允许用户选择 KDE Plasma, GNOME, 或者 [其他桌面环境][12]，所以你可以充分利用这一优势，根据自己的喜好来选择桌面环境。 +不过，好在 Arch Linux 允许用户选择 KDE Plasma、GNOME 或者 [其他桌面环境][12]，所以你可以充分利用这一优势，根据自己的喜好来选择桌面环境。 不仅如此，在安装 Arch Linux 时，你还可以选择平铺式窗口管理器。 总体来说，如果使用 Ubuntu，你的桌面体验和其他用户的体验别无二致，因为 Ubuntu 可以自定义的元素极少。 -相反，如果使用 Arch Linux，你就可以**自由定义桌面体验**。但请注意，这可能只适合 Linux 老手，如果你刚开始使用 Linux，恐怕做起来比较困难。 +相反，如果使用 Arch Linux，你就可以 **自由定义桌面体验**。但请注意，这可能只适合 Linux 老手，如果你刚开始使用 Linux，恐怕做起来比较困难。 ### 4、文件系统 -大多数用户不会在意 Linux 发行版的文件系统。 +大多数用户不需要关心他们的 Linux 发行版所使用的文件系统。 因此，Ubuntu 坚持使用 **ext4** 作为文件系统。ext4 具有现代计算机所需的全部基本功能，是一种非常优秀的最常见的文件系统。 -如果你不想使用 **ext4**，而想选择具备其他各种优势的文件系统，那么你可以考虑 Arch Linux。 +然而，如果你不想使用 **ext4**，而想选择具备其他各种优势的文件系统，那么你可以考虑 Arch Linux。 ![][13] -你可以选择 btrfs, ext4, xfs, 或者 f2fs。针对这些文件系统的优势，本文不再详述，但是如果你选择 **ext4** 之外的文件系统，你需要确保知道自己要做些什么。 +你可以选择 btrfs、ext4、xfs 或者 f2fs。针对这些文件系统的优势，本文不再详述，但是如果你选择 **ext4** 之外的文件系统，请确保你知道自己在做什么。 ### 5、软件生态 -Ubuntu 支持的软件更多，因此 [绝大多数 Linux 主流发行版][14] 都是基于 Ubuntu 的。 +Ubuntu 支持的软件更多，这就是为什么 [大多数主流 Linux 发行版][14] 都是基于 Ubuntu 的。 ![][15] @@ -102,31 +102,31 @@ Ubuntu 支持的软件更多，因此 [绝大多数 Linux 主流发行版][14] 如果你使用的是 Arch Linux，那么你也可以通过官方仓库安装许多软件。 -可惜的是，相较于 Ubuntu，Arch Linux 可能不会得到一些软件开发者的官方支持。 +可惜的是，相较于 Ubuntu，一些应用开发者可能不会正式支持 Arch Linux。 -此外，你会发现，Arch Linux [安装和管理软件包都需要使用 pacman][18]。pacman 是一个 GUI，用于软件安装与管理，依赖于你所选择安装的桌面环境。 +此外，你会发现，Arch Linux [安装和管理软件包都需要使用 pacman][18]。使用哪个图形界面的安装程序进行软件的安装和管理，取决于你所选择安装的桌面环境。 ![][19] -举个例子，如果你安装的是 GNOME 桌面，你可以使用 GNOME 的软件中心；如果是 KDE Plasma 桌面，可以使用 Discover。 +举个例子，如果你安装的是 GNOME 桌面，你可以使用 GNOME 的 “软件” 应用；如果是 KDE Plasma 桌面，可以使用 “发现” 应用。 -这些软件包管理器都不会内置 Snap 或 Flatpak，所以你只能根据需要自行安装。 +这些软件包管理器都不会内置 Snap 或 Flatpak 支持，所以你只能根据需要自行安装。 -为了获取更多的软件，你可以使用 [AUR][20]。请注意，AUR 是一个以社区为主导的软件仓库，所以官方建议你不要完全依赖它。 +为了获取更多的软件，你可以使用 [AUR][20]。请注意，AUR 是社区构建的软件仓库，所以官方建议你不要完全依赖它。 ![][21] 即便如此，AUR 也经常被看做是 Arch Linux 的优势之一，毕竟社区提供的软件包比 Ubuntu 提供的更为丰富。 -你可以通过使用一些 [AUR 助手][22]，提升体验质量。 +你可以通过使用一些 [AUR 辅助工具][22] 来提升体验质量。 总体来说，如果你想仅靠一个工具就能轻松安装并且管理软件，那么 Ubuntu 当属不二之选。 ### 6、极简 vs 臃肿 -极简还是臃肿，这完全取决于个人的偏好，因为在配置 Arch Linux 时，一切尽在你的掌握之中。所以你可以在满足需要的情况下,只安装最少数量的包。 +极简还是臃肿，这完全取决于个人的偏好，因为在配置 Arch Linux 时，一切尽在你的掌握之中。所以你可以在满足需要的情况下，只安装最少数量的包。 -与之相反，Ubuntu 预装了许多软件。在一些人看来，这些软件都很实用。 +相比之下，Ubuntu 预装了许多软件。在一些人看来，这些软件都很实用。 ![][23] @@ -142,13 +142,13 @@ Ubuntu 支持的软件更多，因此 [绝大多数 Linux 主流发行版][14] 就像前文所提到的，Arch Linux 允许你控制系统的一切，它赋予用户极大的自由度，让用户可以尽情定制体验。 -这不仅仅局限于桌面环境或是平铺式窗口管理器。 +这不仅仅局限于桌面环境或是平铺式窗口管理器，而是更多。 -你还可以选择自己喜欢的音频服务器，比如 PulseAudio 或者 pipewire。 +例如，你还可以选择自己喜欢的音频服务器，比如 PulseAudio 或者 pipewire。 -你也可以选择特定的 Linux 内核，比如安全性更高的版本、能够提升用户体验的 Zen 内核或者某个 Linux 内核的长期支持版本。 +你也可以选择特定的 Linux 内核，比如提供了安全性更高的加固版本、能够提升用户体验的 Zen 内核或者某个长期支持版本的 Linux 内核。 -不同于 Arch Linux，Ubuntu 一直坚持使用的 Linux 内核都是能够通过全面测试而且以 PulseAudio 作为默认音频服务器的（笔者写这篇文章时情况如此）。 +不同于 Arch Linux，Ubuntu 一直坚持使用经过全面测试的 Linux 内核，而且默认使用 PulseAudio 作为音频服务器（笔者写这篇文章时情况如此）。 但说到底，哪个能满足你的需求，哪个才是最好的。 @@ -160,21 +160,21 @@ Ubuntu 拥有坚实的用户基础，可以提供广泛的社区支持。与其 你也可以在论坛（包括 [It’s FOSS 社区][26]）发布问题，寻求帮助。 -Arch Linux 用户比较少，所以不提供类似的社区支持。不过，ArchWiki 提供了几乎涉及 Arch Linux 各个方面的高质量技术文档，算是弥补了这一不足。 +Arch Linux 用户比较少，所以不提供类似的社区支持。不过，Arch Linux 的维基提供了几乎涉及各个方面的高质量技术文档，算是弥补了这一不足。 ![arch wiki][27] -如果你想探索，[ArchWiki][28] 有着最丰富的技术文档。 +如果你想探索，[Arch Linux 维基][28] 有着最丰富的技术文档。 ### 9、发布周期 -Ubuntu 提供 [长期支持版本][29]，每隔 5 年发布一次镜像更新，企业版则需要更长的时间。 +Ubuntu 提供 [长期支持版本][29]，在五年或更长时间（针对企业）提供小的更新维护。 ![][30] -Ubuntu 还提供了非长期支持版本，每 9 个月发布一次更新，每半年发布一个新版本。非长期支持版本适合那些想体验最新软件包与功能的用户，每次升级都可能伴随着重大更新。 +Ubuntu 还提供了非长期支持版本，可以得到九个月的更新维护，而每半年发布一个新版本。非长期支持版本适合那些想体验最新软件包与功能的用户，每次升级都可能伴随着重大更新。 -长期支持版本更适合想要在每次更新中都能获得突破性体验的用户。 +长期支持版本更适合于那些不希望每次更新都有破坏性变化的用户。 更多信息可以参考我们的文章：[Ubuntu 发行周期与生命周期结束][31] @@ -182,19 +182,19 @@ Arch Linux 属于 [滚动发行版][32]，所以不用担心发布周期的问 ![][33] -这样一来，Arch Linux 系统的软件包会一直保持最新状态，质量也是最高的。这听起来确实不错，但有时也会给一些用户造成不便。 +这可以确保你一直在使用最新和最强的软件包。这有时是件好事，但当它破坏一些东西时，对一些用户来说可能会很不方便。 ### 10、硬件兼容性 ![][34] -Ubuntu 是一款面向台式电脑的主流发行版，所以在发行之前，需要测试它与各种硬件的兼容性。 +Ubuntu 是一款面向台式电脑的主流发行版，所以在发布之前，它需要测试与各种硬件的兼容性。 我可以打包票，**Ubuntu 开箱即用的硬件兼容性非常优秀**。 Arch Linux 不像 Ubuntu 那样进行过大量的测试，所以它不一定能在你的硬件上正常运行。 -不过，正因为 Arch Linux 有着最新最强大的 Linux 内核包，所以有时它的表现要优于 Ubuntu。 +不过，正因为 Arch Linux 有着最新最强的 Linux 内核包，所以有时它的表现要优于 Ubuntu。 如果你不太清楚自己硬件的兼容性，你最好请教一下周围的人，确保你在安装 Arch Linux 时不会出现别人已经遇到过的问题。 @@ -204,19 +204,19 @@ Arch Linux 不像 Ubuntu 那样进行过大量的测试，所以它不一定能 如果你不想让你的系统崩溃，或是不想遇到错误，**Ubuntu 应该是更好的选择**. -Arch Linux 的话，情况就不好说了。更新之后，它可能会正常运行，也可能会大不如前。 +Arch Linux 的话，情况就不好说了。它可以工作得很好，也可以因为一次更新而倒下。 -Arch Linux 本身并不算稳定，你需要自行维护它，确保在自定义以及更新过程中不会出现故障。 +Arch Linux 本身并不算稳定，你需要自行维护它，确保在自定义以及更新过程中不会出现任何问题。 ### 再三考虑: 你该选哪个？ 考虑到稳定性、兼容性、软件生态以及上手速度等因素，对于那些只想顺利完成工作而不想麻烦折腾的人来说，Ubuntu 是一个完美的选择。 -而对那些为适应自己工作内容想要定制桌面体验，以及寻求最新功能和最强性能的用户来说，Arch Linux 最合适不过了。 +而对那些想要定制桌面体验而适应自己工作内容，以及寻求最新功能和最强性能的用户来说，Arch Linux 最合适不过了。 如果你想探索未知，Arch Linux 可以给你带来非常奇妙的体验。但对于一些人来说，Arch Linux 使用起来可能比 Ubuntu 要困难许多。 -那么，考虑到以上所有因素，**你觉得自己会选哪个？**期待你能在下方评论区留言。 +那么，考虑到以上所有因素，**你觉得自己会选哪个？** 期待你能在下方评论区留言。 ### 常见问题解答：如果你还没决定到底用哪一个 @@ -226,9 +226,9 @@ Arch Linux 本身并不算稳定，你需要自行维护它，确保在自定义 对，也不对。就技术层面来讲，Arch Linux 确实更好，但是你也需要考虑它的稳定性、软件生态以及维护它所需要的学习时间。也就是说，在得出答案之前，你需要根据自己的喜好，再三考虑一番。 -**哪个更快？ Ubuntu 还是 Arch？** +**哪个更快？Ubuntu 还是 Arch？** -Arch Linux 更快，因为它安装体积极小。不过，根据你的配置不同，情况可能也会有所不同。 +Arch Linux 更快，因为它安装的东西很少。不过，根据你的配置不同，情况可能也会有所不同。 注意，Ubuntu 与 Arch Linux 相比，速度并不会差很多。只不过因为它开箱即用的包会更多，所以有些人会认为 Ubuntu 比较臃肿。 @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-vs-arch/ 作者：[Ankush Das][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[aREversez](https://github.com/aREversez) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-vs-arch/ [7]: https://news.itsfoss.com/arch-new-guided-installer/ [8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-install-terminal.png?resize=800%2C279&ssl=1 [9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-20-04-ux.jpg?resize=800%2C407&ssl=1 -[10]: https://itsfoss.com/kde-vs-gnome/ +[10]: https://linux.cn/article-14320-1.html [11]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-linux-gnome.png?resize=732%2C413&ssl=1 [12]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-desktop-environment/ [13]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/arch-linux-filesystem.png?resize=800%2C149&ssl=1 From f7f76ff47d281c05b1c017313926e41f7928628b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Mon, 18 Apr 2022 16:15:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 67/94] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14486-1.html --- ...rminal with the konsolekalendar command.md | 91 +++++++------------ 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md (55%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md b/published/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md similarity index 55% rename from translated/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md rename to published/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md index 1b1a9aaf75..370909af4d 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md +++ b/published/20220215 Manage your calendar from the Linux terminal with the konsolekalendar command.md @@ -3,131 +3,110 @@ [#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14486-1.html" -用 konsolekalendar 命令从 Linux 终端管理你的日历 +在 Linux 终端管理你的日历 ====== -KDE 很适合在 Linux 上进行基于终端的日程安排。konsolekalendar 命令让你从终端查看和管理 iCal 日历。 -![Calendar close up snapshot][1] +> KDE 很适合在 Linux 上进行基于终端的日程安排。konsolekalendar 命令让你从终端查看和管理 iCal 日历。 -我是一个 [KDE 用户][2]，多年来我一直在 Plasma 桌面上进行着看似无尽的探索之旅。如果你在公开场合问我，我可能会声称自己对我每天使用的桌面了如指掌。但实际上，我只是刚刚触及到表面而已。似乎每天我都能学到一个新的 KDE 技巧，让我的生活变得更轻松或更有趣，我最新的发现是 `konsolekalendar` 命令，它让你从终端查看和管理 iCal 日历。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/18/161418rsp7x2evo6zl766v.jpg) + +我是一个 [KDE 用户][2]，多年来我一直在 Plasma 桌面上进行着看似无尽的探索。如果你在公开场合问我，我可能会声称自己对我每天使用的桌面了如指掌。但实际上，我只是刚刚触及到表面而已。似乎每天我都能学到一个新的 KDE 技巧，让我的生活变得更轻松或更有趣，我最新的发现是 `konsolekalendar` 命令，它让你从终端查看和管理 iCal 日历。 ### Akonadi -Akonadi 项目是一个底层 KDE 框架，帮助 Plasma 桌面跟踪所有的个人信息管理器（PIM）数据。它主要是为开发者服务的，包括很多库，允许程序员创建应用，通过这些程序你可以访问你的联系人、笔记、电子邮件、日历等等。Akonadi 中包括一些终端命令，比如 `akonadictl` 可以启动和停止 Akonadi 服务，但它们主要是为了排除故障。然而，`konsolekalendar` 是一个面向用户的命令，可以让你完全访问 Kontact 套件的所有数据，包括 KMail、Notes 和日历。 +Akonadi 项目是一个底层 KDE 框架，帮助 Plasma 桌面跟踪所有的个人信息管理器（PIM）数据。它主要是为开发者服务的，包括很多可以让程序员用来创建应用的库，通过这些程序你可以访问你的联系人、笔记、电子邮件、日历等等。Akonadi 中包括一些终端命令，比如 `akonadictl` 可以启动和停止 Akonadi 服务，但它们大多是为了排除故障。然而，`konsolekalendar` 是一个面向用户的命令，可以让你完全访问 Kontact 套件的所有数据，包括 KMail、Notes 和日历。 如果你正在运行 KDE 的 Plasma 桌面，那么你已经安装了 Kontact 套件。 ![Kontact UI][3] -（Seth Kenlon，[CC BY-SA 4.0][4]） - -你也已经安装了 Akonadi 和它的工具，所以你所需要的基于终端的日历完成了! +你也安装好了 Akonadi 和它的工具，所以你所需要的基于终端的日历完成了! ### 从终端查看你的日历 -由于 [NextCloud][5] 和 [Radicale][6] 等项目的存在，你可以托管自己的 iCal 日历服务，或者你可能已经在流行的供应商（例如，Google）那里拥有一个 iCal 账户。当你使用 Kontact 做日历时，你订阅了一个日历对象（用 Akonadi 的术语说是一个“集合”）。当你对你的本地日历进行更新时，这些变化会被送回你的 iCal 服务器以同步你的日历服务器和客户端。 +由于 [NextCloud][5] 和 [Radicale][6] 等项目的存在，你可以托管自己的 iCal 日历服务，或者你可能已经在流行的供应商（例如，Google）那里拥有一个 iCal 账户。当你使用 Kontact 管理日历时，你订阅了一个日历对象（用 Akonadi 的术语说是一个“集合collection”）。当你对你的本地日历进行更新时，这些变化会被送回你的 iCal 服务器以同步你的日历服务器和客户端。 -无论你是否使用过 Kontact 的日历部分，你在 Kontact 中都有一些默认的日历对象。你有一个叫**个人日历**和**生日和纪念日**。 +无论你是否使用过 Kontact 的日历功能，你在 Kontact 中都有一些默认的日历对象。你有一个叫**个人日历**和**生日和纪念日**的日历对象。 以下是如何显示当天的日历（默认为**个人日历**）： - ``` - - $ konsolekalendar -Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 -        10:00 AM - 11:00 AM +Date: Saturday, January 15, 2022 + 10:00 AM - 11:00 AM Summary: Covid booster shot UID: 8d8a1e38-c88c-4d84-99e5-23... -\---------------------------------- -Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 -        12:00 PM - 01:00 PM +---------------------------------- +Date: Saturday, January 15, 2022 + 12:00 PM - 01:00 PM Summary: Lunch UID: 7aa89a... -\---------------------------------- -Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 -        01:00 PM - 04:45 PM +---------------------------------- +Date: Saturday, January 15, 2022 + 01:00 PM - 04:45 PM Summary: Afternoon coding UID: 9cde38b... -\---------------------------------- -Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 -        06:00 PM - 10:00 PM +---------------------------------- +Date: Saturday, January 15, 2022 + 06:00 PM - 10:00 PM Summary: Planescape game UID: c73f7e98-722f-48a2-8006-66... -\---------------------------------- - +---------------------------------- ``` ### 添加一个事件 要查看你订阅的所有日历，请使用 `--list-calendars` 选项： - ``` - - $ konsolekalendar --list-calendars -\---------------------------------- -3  - (Read only) Birthdays & Anniversaries +---------------------------------- +3 - (Read only) Birthdays & Anniversaries 11 - Personal Calendar 60 - (Read only) Open Invitations 61 - (Read only) Declined Invitations 66 - Dnd 67 - Work 68 - Museum - ``` 左边的数字是日历的 ID。要添加一个事件到一个特定的日历，请使用 `--calendar` 选项，然后是日历 ID： - ``` - - $ konsolekalendar --add --calendar 66 \ -\--date 2022-01-16 \ -\--time 20:00 --end-time 23:59 \ -\--summary "Another game" \ -\--description "Remember to bring dice" \ +--date 2022-01-16 \ +--time 20:00 --end-time 23:59 \ +--summary "Another game" \ +--description "Remember to bring dice" \ Success: "Another game" inserted - ``` ### 删除一个事件 你也可以删除事件。每个事件都有一个唯一的 ID（UID），在每个事件列表的底部提供： - ``` - - $ konsolekalendar --list -Date:   Saturday, January 15, 2022 -        06:00 PM - 10:00 PM +Date: Saturday, January 15, 2022 + 06:00 PM - 10:00 PM Summary: Planescape game UID: c73f7e98-722f-48a2-8006-66aa8ddcf789 - ``` 要删除一个事件，请使用 `--delete` 选项，同时使用 `--uid` 选项： - ``` - - $ konsolekalendar --delete \ -\--uid c73f7e98-722f-48a2-8006-66aa8ddcf789 - +--uid c73f7e98-722f-48a2-8006-66aa8ddcf789 ``` ### 终端中的 Akonadi -你用 `konsolekalendar` 所做的一切都会立即在 Akonadi 中执行，并在 Kontact 中得到同样快的反映。使用一个并不意味着你必须放弃另一个。由于它们共享 Akonadi 后端，两者查看和编辑相同的数据。`konsolekalendar` 命令是一项正在进行的工作。未来的计划包括与 Kontact 的 Notes 和 Journal 部分的整合，而且还有很多比本文所涉及的更多的选项。如果你在使用 KDE 桌面，试试 `konsolekalendar`，体验一下终端的 PIM! +你用 `konsolekalendar` 所做的一切都会立即在 Akonadi 中执行，并在 Kontact 中得到同样快的反映。使用一个并不意味着你必须放弃另一个。由于它们共享 Akonadi 后端，两者查看和编辑相同的数据。`konsolekalendar` 命令是一项正在进行的工作。未来的计划包括与 Kontact 的笔记和日记部分的整合，而且还有很多比本文所涉及的更多的选项。如果你在使用 KDE 桌面，试试 `konsolekalendar`，体验一下终端的 PIM！ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -136,7 +115,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/manage-calendar-linux-konsolekalender-k 作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 0fefbda0d75692a9d4d7291600aaf0dd56ec7fb5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=91?= Date: Mon, 18 Apr 2022 18:23:04 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 68/94] Translated --- ...ributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md | 221 ------------------ ...ributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md | 220 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 220 insertions(+), 221 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220330 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220330 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220330 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md b/sources/tech/20220330 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md deleted file mode 100644 index e26ef6fab0..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220330 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,221 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "robsean" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022 -====== -WE HIGHLIGHT A LIST OF 10 LIGHTWEIGHT LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS IDEAL FOR YOUR -OLDER PC IN 2022. WE GIVE YOU THEIR FEATURES AND WHAT MAKES THEM PERFECT -FOR REVIVING OLDER HARDWARE. -We believe that you should not throw away any hardware, especially PC and its components. Ideally, well-designed software should always run on any hardware. There are many [Linux Distributions][1] specifically designed for older hardware and PCs. And you can quickly revive them with the help of these Linux operating systems. In this post, we highlight ten such Linux Distributions which are lightweight and old hardware friendly in 2022. - -### 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions 2022 - -#### 1\. Linux Lite - -The first lightweight Linux Distribution we feature in this list for 2022 is Linux Lite. Linux Lite is a continually developed and improved Linux Distribution based on Ubuntu and Debian. This decade-old Linux Distribution is perfect for your older hardware which needs a friendly and well-designed distro. The team markets this distro as an ideal starting point for Windows users who ends up with not supported hardware with Windows. The primary advantages of this distro are well customized and nice-looking Xfce desktop with an Ubuntu base, the latest Kernel and, of course, a 32-bit ISO image. - -![Linux Lite][2] - -Advantages of Linux Lite: - - * Ubuntu-based - * Customized Xfce desktop - * Native applications - * 32-bit support - * Active development - * Minimum system requirement < 1 GB RAM - - - -[Download Linux Lite][3] - -#### 2\. Puppy Linux - -The second distro that we feature in this list is Puppy Linux. Puppy Linux is a little different than traditional distros out there. It is designed to run from RAM without needing to install it in a physical system. If appropriately configured, you can save the sessions, plus it continues to work well even if you remove the bootable medium. - -![Puppy Linux – one of the best lightweight Linux Distribution in 2022][4] - -This Linux distro is binary compatible with Ubuntu LTS versions; the latest version is based on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. Since Ubuntu dropped the 32-bit support, the newest version dropped the 32-bit version. - -Puppy Linux use cases are perfect for older computers, Netbooks, hardware with less than 1GB of RAM. At the core, it is run by superfast JWM (Jow’s Window Manager), Puppy Package Manager that supports .deb, .rpm and its native PET packages. - -Overall, it’s a perfect and well designed Linux Distribution for older hardware, hands down. - -Features: - - * Based on the Ubuntu LTS Version - * It can run on low-end Netbooks - * Works directly from RAM even after removing the bootable media - * Unique package manager – Puppy Package Manager - * Powered by JWM - - - -#### 3\. BunsenLabs Linux - -The third lightweight Linux distro in this list is BunsenLabs Linux, a successor of the Crunchbang project. The BunsenLabs Linux is based on the Debian Stable branch, bringing modern applications to your low-end system. This distro provides a 32-bit version image for low-end systems and a standard 64-bit system for your regular hardware. At the core, BunsenLabds is powered by a pre-configured OpenBox window manager with a stunning tint2 panel, pre-configured Conky and jgmenu. - -![BunsenLabs Linux][5] - -This is a well designed, superfast, stable and nice-looking distribution for older systems. - -Feature summary: - - * Based on Debian Stable branch - * Openbox window manager with tint2 panel, conky and jgmenu - * Provides a 32-bit installer - * Help and support are available via official forums - - - -[Download BunsenLabs Linux][6] - -#### 4\. Lubuntu - -Lubuntu is famous for being a lightweight Linux Distribution. It is an official Ubuntu Linux flavour that features the lightweight LxQt desktop environment. Lubuntu gives you modern Ubuntu Linux packages and technology while it features the LxQt for your low-end hardware. Although it might require some extra system resources compared to other distros in this list, it is still a go to Linux distro for older hardware. - -![Lubuntu][7] - -If you need a moderately lighter Linux Distribution which is stable and works out of the box, then choose Lubuntu. - -[Download Lubuntu][8] - -#### 5\. Absolute Linux - -The fifth lightweight Linux distribution is Absolute Linux, based on Slackware Linux. This distro packages all necessary day to day applications in its installer image so that you get a complete distro out of the box. Absolute Linux features the IceWM and ROX Desktop, which gives you ultimate speed while using it in your older hardware. It is systemd-free, which offers an extra advantage over other distributions. - -![Absolute Linux][9] - -Feature Summary: - - * Based on Slackware - * Systemd-free - * Packages necessary software - * Powered by IceWM and package manager Slapt-get - - - -[Download Absolute Linux][10] - -#### 6\. antiX Linux - -Yet another lightweight Linux distribution we want to highlight is antiX Linux. The antiX Linux is based on Debian stable branch and comes with several attractive features. At its core, it uses IceWM, Fluxbox, and ROX Desktop options, giving you an excellent and fast desktop experience. It is entirely systemd-free and uses sysVinit and runit system. The antiX Linux also gives you a 32-bit installer and has four variants – Full, Core, Base and net catering to different use cases. - -![antiX Linux][11] - -Features: - - * Based on Debian stable - * Provides a 32-bit installer - * Systemd free - * Powered by IceWM and other window manager flavours - - - -[Download antiX Linux][12] - -#### 7\. LXLE - -The LXLE Linux is a spin of the Lubuntu LTS series with an LXDE desktop instead of an LXQt desktop. The choice of applications, installer and other features makes it a perfect distro for older hardware. It is ideal for reviving your old system with a stable Ubuntu-LTS base and a fast LXDE desktop environment. - -![LXLE Linux][13] - -However, in my personal opinion, I feel LXQt is a little faster than LXDE. Well, that feedback might be relative and can be different for you. There are not many Linux distributions today which give you an LXDE flavour. Hence it is one of the unique and lightweight Linux distributions for your daily use. - -[Download LXLE][14] - -#### 8\. Porteus Linux - -The Porteus Linux is a remix of Slackware Linux that features the old KDE 4.0+ desktop environment (before the KDE Plasma series). This superfast Linux distribution is perfect for your antique hardware because it is based on bleeding edge Slackware and gives you a 32-bit version. This distro can run from Live USB or a CD or any bootable media and comes with just 300 MB of installer size. - -[][15] - -SEE ALSO:   10 Great Apps to Improve Your GNOME Experience [Part 3] - -If you love the old KDE (like me!) and Slackware simplicity, this is a perfect distro for you, even your new hardware. - -![Porteus Linux][16] - -[Download Porteus Linux][17] - -#### 9\. Q4OS - -Q4OS is a unique Linux Distribution in this list. It targets the older Windows systems, which have become obsolete today. Many older PCs used to run Windows XP and Windows 7. They no longer work well with Windows and some modern Linux Distributions because the modern and updated OS requires much more computing power and resources. - -Q4OS targets those use cases and give you a well designed Linux Distribution with features such as a 32-bit installer, Windows installer, Trinity Desktop environments, pre-made Windows themes, etc. - -![MX Linux][18] - -[Download Q4OS][19] - -#### 10\. MX Linux - -The final Linux Distribution in this list is the famous MX Linux which makes it mark in recent times with its features and uniqueness. However, I doubted whether I would list MX Linux as the lightweight. Because in my opinion, it is a medium-weight Linux Distribution if you consider its KDE Plasma flavour. - -![MX Linux][20] - -However, it has some features which make it a perfect candidate for lightweight Linux distributions. MX Linux is based on the Debian Stable branch and created with antiX components. It features its own MX Linux native applications for your additional workflow. You get KDE Plasma, Xfce and Fluxbox as desktop options. - -[Download MX Linux][21] - -### Summary & Conclusion - -If you look closely, most of the lightweight Linux Distribution that we listed here is based on Debian Linux. It is truly the “Universal Operating System”. Modern Linux Desktop Environments like GNOME 40+, KDE Plasma with Systemd init systems are no longer compatible with older hardware. Also, as technology progresses, more software complexity is introduced, requiring higher-end systems. - -That said, I hope you get some idea about which lightweight Linux distributions to choose for your old laptop or PC from this list. Each of them serves different tastes and needs with one goal: to revive your older systems. So, take your pick. - -Cheers. - -_Some image credit: Respective Linux Distributions_ - -_This article Top Ten Lightweight Linux Distributions of 2022 is filed under [Top Ten List][22]._ - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][23], [Twitter][24], [YouTube][25], and [Facebook][26] and never miss an update! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/category/distributions -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Linux-Lite-1024x576.jpg -[3]: http://www.linuxliteos.com/ -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Puppy-Linux-one-of-the-best-lightweight-Linux-Distribution-in-2022-1024x579.jpg -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/BunsenLabs-Linux.jpg -[6]: https://www.bunsenlabs.org/ -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Lubuntu-1024x576.jpg -[8]: https://lubuntu.me/ -[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Absolute-Linux-1024x640.jpg -[10]: https://www.absolutelinux.org/ -[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/antiX-Linux-1024x640.jpg -[12]: https://antixlinux.com/ -[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/LXLE-Linux-1024x576.jpg -[14]: http://www.lxle.net/ -[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/best-gnome-apps-part-3/ -[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Porteus-Linux-1024x576.jpg -[17]: http://www.porteus.org/ -[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/MX-Linux-1024x515.jpg -[19]: https://q4os.org/ -[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/MX-Linux-1-1024x515.jpg -[21]: https://mxlinux.org/ -[22]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/top-10-list -[23]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[24]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[25]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[26]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/translated/tech/20220330 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md b/translated/tech/20220330 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..094abfa2bd --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220330 10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022.md @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ +[#]: subject: "10 Lightweight Linux Distributions for your Old Hardware in 2022" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "robsean" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +2022 年最适合用于旧计算机的 10 款 Linux 发行版 +====== +我们重点推荐一份关于 10 款轻量级 Linux 发行版的列表，它们是 2022年最适合你的较旧的 PC 的发行版。我们将向你们介绍它们的特色，以及为什么它们会成为复活较旧硬件的完美之选。 + +我们认为你不应该扔掉任何的硬件，尤其是 PC 以及配件。在理想的情况下，设计良好的软件总是能够在任意硬件上运行。这里有很多专门针对较旧的硬件和 PC 的 [Linux 发行版][1] 。你可以在这些 Linux 操作系统的帮助快速地复活它们。在这篇文章中，我们重点推荐 10 款这样的 Linux 发行版，它们是 2022年 轻量级的并对较旧硬件友好的。 + +### 2022 年的 10 款轻量级 Linux 发行版 + +#### 1\. Linux Lite + +在 2022 年的这份列表中，我们推出的第一款轻量级 Linux 发行版是 Linux Lite 。Linux Lite 是一款基于 Ubuntu 和 Debian 的正在不断发展和完善的 Linux 发行版。这款有十年开发历史的 Linux 发行版非常适合于你的比较旧的硬件，这些硬件需要友好且设计良好的发行版。该开发团队以这个发行版支持不再被 Windows 所支持的硬件且是这些 Windows 用户的理想的起点为卖点。这个发行版的主要优势是良好的自定义和极好看的 Xfce 桌面，并使用 Ubuntu 的基础、最新的内核，当然，还带有一个 32-位 ISO 镜像。 + +![Linux Lite][2] + +Linux Lite 的优势: + + * 基于 Ubuntu + * 自定义的 Xfce 桌面环境 + * 本机原生应用程序 + * 支持 32 位 + * 积极开发 + * 最小系统要求 1 GB RAM + + + +[下载 Linux Lite][3] + +#### 2\. Puppy Linux + +在这份列表中的第二个重要的发行版是 Puppy Linux 。Puppy Linux 与传统发行版稍有不同。在这里，它被设计成在 RAM 中运行，而不需要在物理机系统中安装。如果恰当地配置，你可以保留会话期间，此外，即使你移除可启动媒介，它也可以继续很好地工作。 + +![Puppy Linux – one of the best lightweight Linux Distribution in 2022][4] + +这个 Linux 发行版与 Ubuntu 的 LTS 版本在二进制文件方面是兼容的;其最新的版本是基于 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 的。因为 Ubuntu 放弃了 32-位的支持，所以其最新版本也放弃了 32-位 的支持。 + +Puppy Linux 的特殊使用情况非常适合于较旧的计算机、上网本以及小于 1GB RAM 的硬件。它的核心是，运行超快速的 JWM (Jow’s Window Manager), Puppy 软件包管理器支持 .deb 、.rpm 及其原生的 PET 软件包。 + +总的来说，它是一款完美的和设计良好的 Linux 发行版，适合于唾手可得的较旧的硬件。 + +特色: + + * 基于 Ubuntu 的 LTS 版本 + * 它能够在低端的上网本上运行 + * 即使在移除可启动介质后，也可以直接从 RAM 工作 + * 特有的软件包管理器 – Puppy 软件包管理器 + * JWM 桌面环境 + + + +#### 3\. BunsenLabs Linux + +在这份列表中的第三款 Linux 发行版是 BunsenLabs Linux ，Crunchbang 项目的一个继任者。BunsenLabs Linux 基于 Debian 的 Stable 分支, 将现代的应用程序带到你的低端硬件系统。这个发行版为低端硬件系统提供一个 32-位 版本的镜像，并为你的常规硬件系统提供一个标准的 64-位 版本的镜像。它的核心是，BunsenLabds 由一个预配置的OpenBox 窗口管理器所驱动，并带有令人惊艳的 tint2 面板，预配置的 Conky 和 jgmenu 。 + +![BunsenLabs Linux][5] + +这是一款设计良好、超快速、稳定和极好看的针对较旧系统的发行版。 + +特色概要： + + * 基于 Debian 的 Stable 分支 + * Openbox 窗口管理器，附带 tint2 面板、conky 和 jgmenu + * 提供 32-位 安装程序 + * 可以通过官方论坛获取帮助和支持 + + + +[下载 BunsenLabs Linux][6] + +#### 4\. Lubuntu + +Lubuntu 是一款著名的轻量级 Linux 发行版。它是一款官方的 Ubuntu Linux 衍生特色版本，其特点是使用轻量级 LxQt桌面环境。Lubuntu 在给予你现代的 Ubuntu Linux 软件包和技术的同时，也针对你的低端硬件提供 LxQt 桌面环境。尽管与这份列表中的其它的发行版相比，它可能需要一些额外的系统资源，但是对于较旧的硬件系统来说，它仍然是一个可接受的 Linux 发行版。 + +![Lubuntu][7] + +如果你需要一款稳定且开箱即用的适中型轻量的 Linux 发行版，那么，请选择 Lubuntu 。 + +[下载 Lubuntu][8] + +#### 5\. Absolute Linux + +第五款轻量级 Linux 发行版是 Absolute Linux ，基于 Slackware Linux 。这个发行版在其安装程序镜像中打包了所有日常需要的应用程序，以便你可以获得一款开箱即用的发行版。Absolute Linux 以使用 IceWM 和 ROX 桌面环境为特色，在你的较旧的硬件中使用它们时，它们将给予你终极的速度。它是 systemd 自由的，它提供超出其它的发行版的额外优势。 + +![Absolute Linux][9] + +特色概要： + + * 基于 Slackware + * Systemd-自由 + * 打包必要的软件包 + * IceWM 桌面环境，Slapt-get 软件包管理器 + + + +[下载 Absolute Linux][10] + +#### 6\. antiX Linux + +我们想重点推荐的另一款轻量级 Linux 发行版是 antiX Linux 。antiX Linux 基于 Debian 的 stable 分支，并带来一些诱人的特色。它的核心是，它使用 IceWM 、Fluxbox 和 ROX 桌面环境选项，给予你一种极好的和快速的桌面体验。它完全是 systemd 自由的，使用 sysVinit 和 runit 系统。antiX Linux 也给予你一个 32-位 安装程序，并且还有种变体 – 完全体、核心体、基本体以及网络体，以满足不同的实际使用情况。 + +![antiX Linux][11] + +特色: + + * 基于 Debian 的 stable 分支 + * 通过 32-位 安装程序 + * Systemd-自由 + * IceWM 桌面环境，其它的窗口管理器衍生特色版本 + + + +[下载 antiX Linux][12] + +#### 7\. LXLE + +LXLE Linux 是 Lubuntu LTS 系列的一种变体，使用 LXDE 桌面环境而不再使用 LXQt 桌面环境。应用程序、安装程序以及其它的特色的选择使其成针对较旧的硬件系统的一款完美的发行版。它非常适合于复活你的旧硬件系统，使用稳定的 Ubuntu-LTS 基础和快速的 LXDE 桌面环境。 + +![LXLE Linux][13] + +然而，就我个人见解，我感觉 LXQt 比 LXDE 稍快一点。好吧，这种反馈可能是因人而异的，对你来说可能是不同的。现在，这里没有多少 Linux 发行版向你提供 LXDE 桌面环境的衍生特色版本。因此，对于你的日常使用的来说，它可能是独特的一款轻量级的 Linux 发行版。 + +[下载 LXLE][14] + +#### 8\. Porteus Linux + +Porteus Linux 是 Slackware Linux 的一款混成版本，以旧的 KDE 4.0+ 桌面环境 (在 KDE Plasma 系列之前的版本) 为特色。这款超快的 Linux 发行版非常适合于你的考古级的硬件系统，因为它基于最先进的 Slackware ，并且向你提供一款 32-位 的版本。这款发行版可以从 Live USB 或 Live CD 或任意可启动媒介中运行，安装程序仅 300 MB 大小。 + +[][15] + +请参考：  10 款改善你的 GNOME 体验的重要应用程序 [部分 3] + +如果你喜欢老的 KDE (像我一样!) 和 Slackware 的简单易用，对你来说这将会是一个完美的发行版，甚至针对你的新硬件也是一样。 + +![Porteus Linux][16] + +[下载 Porteus Linux][17] + +#### 9\. Q4OS + +Q4OS 是这份列表中的一款独特的 Linux 发行版。它针对现今已经过时的较旧的 windows 系统。曾经很多较旧的 PC 运行 Windows XP 和 Windows 7 。它们在 windows 和一些现代的 Linux 发行版下不再能很好地工作，因为现代的及其更新的操作系统要求更多的计算能力和资源。 + +Q4OS 针对这些实际使用实例，给予你一款设计良好的 Linux 发行版，附带有一个 32-位 安装程序、在 Windows 系统中的安装程序、Trinity 桌面环境、预制的 Windows 主题等等。 + +![MX Linux][18] + +[下载 Q4OS][19] + +#### 10\. MX Linux + +在这份列表中的最后一款 Linux 发行版是著名的 MX Linux ，它凭借其特色和独特性在当今时代留下的印记。然而，我都怀疑是否应该将 MX Linux 列为轻量级。因为在我看来，如果你推敲它的 KDE Plasma 衍生特色版本的味道时，它应该是中等级的 Linux 发行版。 + +![MX Linux][20] + +不管怎么说，它所有的一些特色使其成为一款轻量级 Linux 发行版的完美候选版本。MX Linux 基于 Debian 的 Stable 分支，并使用了 antiX 组件创建。它重点向你推荐它自己的用于附加工作流的 MX Linux 原生应用程序。你可以获取使用 KDE Plasma 、Xfce 和 Fluxbox 作为桌面环境的选项。 + +[下载 MX Linux][21] + +### 总结 + +如果你仔细地阅读会发现，我们在这里所列出的大多数的轻量级 Linux 发行版都基于 Debian Linux 。它是真正的 “通用操作系统”。现代的 Linux 桌面环境，像 GNOME 40+ 、KDE Plasma 和 Systemd init 系统，不再兼容较旧的硬件系统。此外，随着技术的进步，引入了更多的软件复杂性，需要更高端的硬件系统。 + +尽管如此，我希望你可以从这份列表中获取一些为你的旧笔记本电脑或 PC 选择哪款轻量级 Linux 发行版的灵感。每一款发行版都提供不同的体验，但是都有共同的目标：复活你的较旧的硬件系统。所以，任君采撷。 + +谢谢。 + +_一些图像文件的版权: 各自的 Linux 发行版_ + +_这篇 2022年 最佳的 10 款轻量级 Linux 发行版收录在 [Top Ten List][22] 中。_ + +* * * + +我们带来最新的科技、软件新闻和重要的题材。通过 [Telegram][23]、[Twitter][24][YouTube][25] 和 [Facebook][26] 保持联系、不错过一次更新! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/category/distributions +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Linux-Lite-1024x576.jpg +[3]: http://www.linuxliteos.com/ +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Puppy-Linux-one-of-the-best-lightweight-Linux-Distribution-in-2022-1024x579.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/BunsenLabs-Linux.jpg +[6]: https://www.bunsenlabs.org/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Lubuntu-1024x576.jpg +[8]: https://lubuntu.me/ +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Absolute-Linux-1024x640.jpg +[10]: https://www.absolutelinux.org/ +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/antiX-Linux-1024x640.jpg +[12]: https://antixlinux.com/ +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/LXLE-Linux-1024x576.jpg +[14]: http://www.lxle.net/ +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/best-gnome-apps-part-3/ +[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Porteus-Linux-1024x576.jpg +[17]: http://www.porteus.org/ +[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/MX-Linux-1024x515.jpg +[19]: https://q4os.org/ +[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/MX-Linux-1-1024x515.jpg +[21]: https://mxlinux.org/ +[22]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/top-10-list +[23]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[24]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[25]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[26]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From a0dbf25af2b7213f1e6fc5287c85b2b92151e793 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=91?= Date: Mon, 18 Apr 2022 18:24:41 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 69/94] Translating --- ...e to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md b/sources/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md index 46b2936f12..f600bd6269 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/upgrade-ubuntu-22-04-from-20-04/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "robsean" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 3d9aba90b84ba9999d79d00336736392809ae894 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Mon, 18 Apr 2022 18:47:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 70/94] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020220415=20Elon=20Musk=20Believes=20Twitter=20Algorithm?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Should=20Be=20Open-Source.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...lon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md b/sources/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md index c2f065b138..add28c4192 100644 --- a/sources/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md +++ b/sources/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/elon-musk-twitter-open-source/" [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "lkxed" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 49391020369b9eb663be8d18ab21d026e53f6bb1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: aREversez <53844261+aREversez@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 18 Apr 2022 23:01:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 71/94] Update 20220327 Top 10 Linux Distributions for Programmers in 2022 -Featured.md --- ...0 Linux Distributions for Programmers in 2022 -Featured.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220327 Top 10 Linux Distributions for Programmers in 2022 -Featured.md b/sources/tech/20220327 Top 10 Linux Distributions for Programmers in 2022 -Featured.md index 0f4aa6934e..00755ef9f4 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220327 Top 10 Linux Distributions for Programmers in 2022 -Featured.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220327 Top 10 Linux Distributions for Programmers in 2022 -Featured.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/top-linux-distributions-programmers-2022/" [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "aREversez" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/top-linux-distributions-programmers-2022 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[aREversez](https://github.com/aREversez) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From e472d557102e2a727acf412f3823aab87064f23e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Mon, 18 Apr 2022 23:10:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 72/94] RP @geekpi https://linux.cn/article-14488-1.html --- ...2 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md | 104 ++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 48 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md (65%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md b/published/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md similarity index 65% rename from translated/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md rename to published/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md index e6ca8521f7..32c83d0841 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md +++ b/published/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md @@ -3,38 +3,38 @@ [#]: author: "Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14488-1.html" -一个新的命令行工具列表 +新式 Linux 命令行工具大全 ====== -你好！今天我[在 twitter][1] 询问了一些新的命令行工具，比如 `ripgrep` 和 `fd` 以及 `fzf` 和 `exa` 以及 `bat`。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/18/230845e83y1wla8feawucp.jpg) -我收到了一大堆我没有听说过的工具的回复，所以我想我应该在这里列出一个清单。很多人还指出了 [modern-unix][2] 的列表。 +嗨！今天我 [在 twitter][1] 询问有没有一些像 `ripgrep`、`fd`、`fzf`、`exa` 及 `bat` 之类的新式命令行工具。 + +我收到了一大堆回复，都是我没有听说过的工具，所以我想我应该在这里列出一个清单。另外，很多人还指出有一个 [modern-unix][2] 的列表。 ### 标准工具的替代物 - * [ripgrep][3]、[ag][4]、[ack][5] （grep） - * [exa][6]、[lsd][7] （ls） - * [mosh][8] （ssh） - * [bat][9] （cat） - * [delta][10] （git 分页器） - * [fd][11] （find） - * [drill][12]、[dog][13] （dig） - * [duf][14] （df） - * [dust][15]、ncdu （du） + * [ripgrep][3]、[ag][4]、[ack][5] （`grep`） + * [exa][6]、[lsd][7] （`ls`） + * [mosh][8] （`ssh`） + * [bat][9] （`cat`） + * [delta][10] （`git` 分页器） + * [fd][11] （`find`） + * [drill][12]、[dog][13] （`dig`） + * [duf][14] （`df`） + * [dust][15]、`ncdu` （`du`） * [pgcli][16] （psql） - * [btm][17]、[btop][18]、[glances][19]、[gtop][20]、[zenith][21] （top） - * [tldr][22] （类似 man） - * [sd][23] （sed） - * [difftastic][24] （diff） - * mtr （traceroute） - * [plocate][25] （locate） - * xxd、[hexyl][26] （hexdump） - - + * [btm][17]、[btop][18]、[glances][19]、[gtop][20]、[zenith][21] （`top`） + * [tldr][22] （类似 `man`） + * [sd][23] （`sed`） + * [difftastic][24] （`diff`） + * `mtr` （`traceroute`） + * [plocate][25] （`locate`） + * `xxd`、[hexyl][26] （`hexdump`） ### 新的发明 @@ -44,62 +44,54 @@ * [broot][31]、[nnn][32]、[ranger][33] （文件管理器） * [direnv][34] （根据当前目录加载环境变量） * [fzf][35]、[peco][36] （“模糊查找器”） - * [croc][37] and [magic-wormhole][38] （将文件从一台计算机发送到另一台） + * [croc][37] 和 [magic-wormhole][38] （将文件从一台计算机发送到另一台） * [hyperfine][39] 基准测试 * [httpie][40]、[curlie][41]、[xh][42] （用于发出 HTTP 请求） * [entr][43] （当文件改变时运行任意命令） * [asdf][44] （多语言的版本管理器） - * [tig][45]、[lazygit][46] （git 的交互界面） - * [lazydocker][47] （docker 的交互式界面） - * [choose][48] （awk/cut 的基础） - * [ctop][49] （容器的 top） + * [tig][45]、[lazygit][46] （`git` 的交互界面） + * [lazydocker][47] （`docker` 的交互式界面） + * [choose][48] （基本版的 `awk`/`cut`） + * [ctop][49] （容器的 `top`） * [fuck][50] （自动纠正命令行错误） * [tmate][51] （与朋友分享你的终端） * [lnav][52]、[angle-grinder][53] （管理日志的工具） - * [mdp][54]、[glow][55] （在终端显示 markdown 的方法） - * pbcopy/pbpaste （用于剪贴板标准输入/标准输出，可能不是“新的”，但被提到了很多。你可以使用 xclip 在 Linux 上做同样的事情。） + * [mdp][54]、[glow][55] （在终端显示 Markdown 的方法） + * `pbcopy`/`pbpaste`（用于剪贴板和标准输入/标准输出之间）可能不是“新的”，但被提到了很多次。你可以使用 `xclip` 在 Linux 上做同样的事情。 - - -**JSON/YAML/CSV 工具：** +### JSON/YAML/CSV 工具 * [jq][57] （一个很好的 JSON 处理工具） * [jc][58] （将各种工具的输出转换成 JSON） * [jo][59] （创建 JSON 对象） - * [yq][60] （类似 `jq`，但用于 YAML）。还有[另一个 yq][61] 。 + * [yq][60] （类似 `jq`，但用于 YAML）。还有 [另一个 yq][61] * [fq][62] （类似 `jq`，但用于二进制） * [htmlq][63] （类似 `jq`，但用于 HTML） - * [fx][64] （交互式 json 工具） - * [jless][65] （json 分页器） - * [xsv][66] （一个用于 csv 文件的命令行工具，来自 burntsushi） + * [fx][64] （交互式 JSON 工具） + * [jless][65] （JSON 分页器） + * [xsv][66] （一个用于 CSV 文件的命令行工具，来自 burntsushi） * [visidata][67] （“一个用于表格数据的交互式多功能工具”） - * [miller][68] （“像 awk/sed/cut/join/sort 一样用于 CSV/TSV/JSON/JSON 行”） - - - -**grep 工具：** - - * [pdfgrep][69] （用于 PDF 的 grep） - * [gron][70] （使 JSON 可 grep） - * [ripgrep-all][71] （ripgrep，但包括 PDF、zip、ebooks 等） + * [miller][68] （“像用于 CSV/TSV/JSON/JSON 的 awk/sed/cut/join/sort”） +### grep 工具 + * [pdfgrep][69] （用于 PDF 的 `grep`） + * [gron][70] （用于 JSON 的 `grep`） + * [ripgrep-all][71] （`ripgrep`，但也用于 PDF、zip、电子书等） ### 不太新的工具 -下面是一些不那么新的工具，人们提到的不那么知名的工具： - - * pv （“pipe viewer”, 给你一个管道的进度条） - * vidir （来自 [moreutils][72]，让你在 vim 中批量重命名/删除文件） - * sponge、ts、parallel （也来自 moreutils） - +下面是人们提到的一些不那么新的工具，但不那么知名： + * `pv` （“管道查看程序”，给你一个管道的进度条） + * `vidir` （来自 [moreutils][72]，可以让你在 `vim` 中批量重命名/删除文件） + * `sponge`、`ts`、`parallel` （也来自 moreutils） ### 我的一些最爱 -我最喜欢的是 `entr`、`ripgrep`、`git-delta`、`httpie`、`plocate`和 `jq`，这些都是我已经使用的。 +我最喜欢的是 `entr`、`ripgrep`、`git-delta`、`httpie`、`plocate` 和 `jq`，这些都是我已经使用过的。 -我有兴趣尝试 `direnv`、`btm`、`z`、`xsv` 和 `duf`，但我认为我了解到的最令人兴奋的工具是 `vidir`。 +我也想尝试一下 `direnv`、`btm`、`z`、`xsv` 和 `duf`，但我认为我知道到的最令人兴奋的工具是 `vidir`。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -108,7 +100,7 @@ via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2022/04/12/a-list-of-new-ish--command-line-tools/ 作者：[Julia Evans][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[geekpi]（https://github.com/geekpi） -校对：[校对者ID]（https://github.com/校对者ID） +校对：[wxy]（https://github.com/wxy） 本文由 [LCTT]（https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject） 原创编译，[Linux中国]（https://linux.cn/） 荣誉推出 From 4010bd21a7d68a966b23aee45160cd7457460ba1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Mon, 18 Apr 2022 23:16:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 73/94] R --- .../20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/published/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md b/published/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md index 32c83d0841..be3f3450c8 100644 --- a/published/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md +++ b/published/20220412 A list of new(ish) command line tools.md @@ -57,14 +57,14 @@ * [tmate][51] （与朋友分享你的终端） * [lnav][52]、[angle-grinder][53] （管理日志的工具） * [mdp][54]、[glow][55] （在终端显示 Markdown 的方法） - * `pbcopy`/`pbpaste`（用于剪贴板和标准输入/标准输出之间）可能不是“新的”，但被提到了很多次。你可以使用 `xclip` 在 Linux 上做同样的事情。 + * `pbcopy`/`pbpaste`（用于剪贴板和标准输入/标准输出之间）可能不是“新的”，但被提到了很多次。你可以使用 `xclip` 在 Linux 上做同样的事情 ### JSON/YAML/CSV 工具 * [jq][57] （一个很好的 JSON 处理工具） * [jc][58] （将各种工具的输出转换成 JSON） * [jo][59] （创建 JSON 对象） - * [yq][60] （类似 `jq`，但用于 YAML）。还有 [另一个 yq][61] + * [yq][60] （类似 `jq`，但用于 YAML），还有 [另一个 yq][61] * [fq][62] （类似 `jq`，但用于二进制） * [htmlq][63] （类似 `jq`，但用于 HTML） * [fx][64] （交互式 JSON 工具） @@ -99,10 +99,10 @@ via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2022/04/12/a-list-of-new-ish--command-line-tools/ 作者：[Julia Evans][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[geekpi]（https://github.com/geekpi） -校对：[wxy]（https://github.com/wxy） +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) -本文由 [LCTT]（https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject） 原创编译，[Linux中国]（https://linux.cn/） 荣誉推出 +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 [a]: https://jvns.ca/ [b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 From 070fbb093faa7d73d7987daae633c92588a89d59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Tue, 19 Apr 2022 01:43:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 74/94] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87][ne?= =?UTF-8?q?ws]:=2020220415=20Elon=20Musk=20Believes=20Twitter=20Algorithm?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Should=20Be=20Open-Source.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md | 71 ------------------- ...Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md | 65 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md create mode 100644 translated/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md b/sources/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md deleted file mode 100644 index add28c4192..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,71 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/elon-musk-twitter-open-source/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source -====== - -So, Elon Musk made it to the news again, as usual. - -However, this time, it was very interesting. He made an offer to buy Twitter for about **$43 billion.** - -Technically, he offered way more than the market price in a bid to acquire Twitter, which is why many outlets have claimed it as an attempt at a “hostile takeover”. - -While that may or may not succeed, considering the aggressive offer. At a TED talk, Elon Musk also shared some of his thoughts on how Twitter should move forward to promote free speech. - -### Twitter Algorithm Should be Open-Source - -Elon Musk believes that Twitter should open-source the algorithm to promote transparency in the platform. - -Of course, Twitter as a platform is exploding and unpredictable at the moment. The Twitter team also takes quick actions on certain matters, whether you think it is right or wrong. - -While Twitter’s internal decisions could sound good on paper, there are always issues with such massive platforms without transparency. - -So, Elon Musk might have a point here. Whether you believe or trust Twitter’s decision, transparency/open-source will only help strengthen the existing values. - -Well, no wonder, we love open-source here. - -To quote his words, he mentions: - -> “_And so one of the things that I believe Twitter should do is open-source the algorithm and make any changes to people’s tweets, if they’re emphasized or de-emphasized, that action should be made apparent so anyone can see that action has been taken. So, there’s no sort of behind-the-scenes manipulation, either algorithmically or manually_“ - -See more - -> How would Elon Musk change Twitter if he were to buy it? First, he’d make it open source. Watch [@ElonMusk][1]’s wide ranging live [#TED2022][2] interview with [@TEDChris][3] on [@YouTube][4] here: [pic.twitter.com/Okm3y5HpEy][5] -> -> — TED Talks (@TEDTalks) [April 14, 2022][6] - -On the other side, when we talk about Twitter as an open-source platform in some way, I can’t stop thinking about [Mastodon][7]. You can also find us on [Mastodon][8], if you haven’t explored it yet. - -Sure, Twitter has a lot of growth potential and it is constantly expanding for better or worse. But, can the concept of open-source help the platform? Personally, I think yes, but it is too big a change to expect overnight. - -Of course, no one can predict Elon Musk’s future actions for Twitter either, even if he manages to acquire it. Honestly, he’s just as unpredictable as any complex algorithm. - -_So, what would be your take on this? Do you believe what Elon Musk has to say? Feel free to share your thoughts in the comments down below._ - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/elon-musk-twitter-open-source/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://twitter.com/elonmusk?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw -[2]: https://twitter.com/hashtag/TED2022?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw -[3]: https://twitter.com/TEDchris?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw -[4]: https://twitter.com/YouTube?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw -[5]: https://t.co/Okm3y5HpEy -[6]: https://twitter.com/TEDTalks/status/1514739086908555272?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw -[7]: https://joinmastodon.org/ -[8]: https://mastodon.social/@itsfoss diff --git a/translated/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md b/translated/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5e14c3edc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +[#]: subject: "Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/elon-musk-twitter-open-source/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +埃隆·马斯克认为推特的算法应该开源 +====== + +没错，埃隆·马斯克又搞了一个大新闻，这已经算是他的日常操作了。 + +然而，这一次的新闻非常有趣。他提出了要以大约 **430 亿美元**收购推特。 + +从技术上讲，他的报价远远超过了市场价格，这也就是为什么许多媒体称他这是在试图“恶意收购”。 + +考虑到这个激进的报价，我们还不确定这次收购是否会成功。不过，在一次 TED 演讲中，埃隆·马斯克还分享了他对于推特应该如何推动言论自由的一些想法。 + +### 推特的算法应该开源 + +埃隆·马斯克认为，推特应该将算法开源，以促进平台的透明度。 + +当然，推特作为一个平台，目前仍在爆炸式发展，很难预测。推特团队在某些事情上也会采取果断行动，不管用户认为它是否正确。 + +虽然推特的内部决定在纸面上看起来很好，但这种没有透明度的大规模平台总是会存在问题的。 + +因此，埃隆·马斯克有一个观点：无论你是否认同或相信推特的决定，透明/开源只会有助于加强现有的价值观。 + +嗯，难怪我们喜欢开源。 + +这里引用他的原话： + +> _因此，我认为推特应该做的事情之一就是开源它的算法，所有推文的修改都应该是透明的，任何人都可以看到这个修改，哪怕是加粗一段文字或是取消加粗它。这样一来，幕后操纵将不复存在，无论是算法还是人工。_” + +另一方面，当我们把推特当作一个某种程度上的开源平台来谈论时，我不由自主地想到了 [Mastodon][7]。你也可以在[Mastodon][8] 上找到我们，如果你还没有用过它的话。 + +诚然，推特有很大的增长潜力，无论好坏，它都在不断扩张。但是，开源理念能否帮助这个平台？我个人认为可以，但这是一个巨大的变革，不能指望一夜之间就能实现。 + +当然，即使埃隆·马斯克成功地收购了推特，也没有人能够预测他会对推特做什么。说实话，他就像任何复杂算法一样不可预测。 + +_那么，你是如何看待这个新闻的呢？你相信埃隆·马斯克说的话吗？欢迎在下面的评论中分享你的想法。_ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/elon-musk-twitter-open-source/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://twitter.com/elonmusk?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw +[2]: https://twitter.com/hashtag/TED2022?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw +[3]: https://twitter.com/TEDchris?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw +[4]: https://twitter.com/YouTube?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw +[5]: https://t.co/Okm3y5HpEy +[6]: https://twitter.com/TEDTalks/status/1514739086908555272?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw +[7]: https://joinmastodon.org/ +[8]: https://mastodon.social/@itsfoss From ba33582bc083444625ab8612c243a4edc15cf30e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Tue, 19 Apr 2022 05:02:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 75/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220418=20ML?= =?UTF-8?q?Cube=20and=20Podman?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220418 MLCube and Podman.md --- sources/tech/20220418 MLCube and Podman.md | 206 +++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 206 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220418 MLCube and Podman.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220418 MLCube and Podman.md b/sources/tech/20220418 MLCube and Podman.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f6de02160c --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220418 MLCube and Podman.md @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ +[#]: subject: "MLCube and Podman" +[#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/mlcube-and-podman/" +[#]: author: "Benson Muite https://fedoramagazine.org/author/fed500/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +MLCube and Podman +====== + +![Two sides of a blue cube with the text "Machine" and "Learning" on one face, and "Pod" and "Management" on the other face. The background is comprised of alternating zeroes and ones in green on black.][1] + +[MLCube][2] is a new open source container based infrastructure specification introduced to enable reproducibility in Python based machine learning workflows. It can utilize tools such as [Podman][3], [Singularity][4] and [Docker][5]. Execution on remote platforms is also supported. One of the chairs of the MLCommons Best Practices working group that is developing MLCube is [Diane Feddema][6] from Red Hat. This introductory article explains how to run the [hello world MLCube example][7] using Podman on Fedora Linux. + +[Yazan Monshed][8] has written a very helpful introduction to [Podman on Fedora][9] which gives more details on some of the steps used here. + +First install the necessary dependencies. + +``` + + sudo dnf -y update + sudo dnf -y install podman git virtualenv \ + policycoreutils-python-utils + +``` + +Then, following the documentation, setup a virtual environment and get the example code. To ensure reproducibility, use a specific commit as the project is being actively improved. + +``` + + virtualenv -p python3 ./env_mlcube + source ./env_mlcube/bin/activate + git clone https://github.com/mlcommons/mlcube_examples.git + cd ./mlcube_examples/hello_world + git checkout 5fe69bd + pip install mlcube mlcube-docker + mlcube describe + +``` + +Now change the runner command from _docker_ to _podman_ by editing the file $HOME/mlcube.yaml so that the line + +``` + + docker: docker + +``` + +becomes + +``` + + docker: podman + +``` + +If you are on a computer with x86_64 architecture, you can get the container using + +``` + + mlcube configure --mlcube=. --platform=docker + +``` + +You will see a number of options + +``` + + ? Please select an image: + ▸ registry.fedoraproject.org/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1 + registry.access.redhat.com/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1 + docker.io/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1 + quay.io/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1 + +``` + +Choose docker.io/mlcommons/hello_world:0.0.1 to obtain the container. + +If you are not on a computer with x86_64 architecture, you will need to build the container. Change the file $HOME/mlcube.yaml so that the line + +``` + + build_strategy: pull + +``` + +becomes + +``` + + build_strategy: auto + +``` + +and then build the container using + +``` + + mlcube configure --mlcube=. --platform=docker + +``` + +To run the tests, you may need to set SELinux permissions in the directories appropriately. You can check that SELinux is enabled by typing + +``` + + sudo sestatus + +``` + +which should give you output similar to + +``` + + SELinux status: enabled + ... + +``` + +[Josphat Mutai][10], [Christopher Smart][11] and [Daniel Walsh][12] explain that you need to be careful in setting appropriate SELinux policies for files used by containers. Here, you will allow the container to read and write to the _workspace_ directory. + +``` + + sudo semanage fcontext -a -t container_file_t "$PWD/workspace(/.*)?" + sudo restorecon -Rv $PWD/workspace + +``` + +Now check the directory policy by checking that + +``` + + ls -Z + +``` + +gives output similar to + +``` + + unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 Dockerfile + unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 README.md + unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 mlcube.yaml + unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0 requirements.txt + unconfined_u:object_r:container_file_t:s0 workspace + +``` + +Now run the example + +``` + + mlcube run --mlcube=. --task=hello --platform=docker + mlcube run --mlcube=. --task=bye --platform=docker + +``` + +Finally, check that the output + +``` + + cat workspace/chats/chat_with_alice.txt + +``` + +has text similar to + +``` + + Hi, Alice! Nice to meet you. + Bye, Alice! It was great talking to you. + +``` + +You can create your own MLCube as described [here][13]. Contributions to the [MLCube examples repository][14] are welcome. [Udica][15] is a new project that promises more fine grained SELinux policy controls for containers that are easy for system administrators to apply. Active development of these projects is ongoing. Testing and providing feedback on them would help make secure data management on systems with SELinux easier and more effective. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://fedoramagazine.org/mlcube-and-podman/ + +作者：[Benson Muite][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/fed500/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/MLCubePodman-816x345.jpg +[2]: https://mlcommons.org/en/mlcube/ +[3]: https://podman.io/ +[4]: https://sylabs.io/singularity/ +[5]: https://www.docker.com/ +[6]: https://www.redhat.com/en/authors/diane-feddema +[7]: https://mlcommons.github.io/mlcube/getting-started/hello-world/ +[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/yazanalmonshed/ +[9]: https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-started-with-podman-in-fedora/ +[10]: https://computingforgeeks.com/set-selinux-context-label-for-podman-graphroot-directory/ +[11]: https://blog.christophersmart.com/2021/01/31/podman-volumes-and-selinux/ +[12]: https://opensource.com/article/18/2/selinux-labels-container-runtimes +[13]: https://mlcommons.github.io/mlcube/tutorials/create-mlcube/ +[14]: https://github.com/mlcommons/mlcube_examples +[15]: https://github.com/containers/udica From e3a728ff5bcd746b60a6547c28825f16a82d14d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Tue, 19 Apr 2022 05:02:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 76/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220418=20Ub?= =?UTF-8?q?untu=20Kylin=2022.04=20LTS=20=E2=80=93=20New=20Features=20and?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Release=20Details?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220418 Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md --- ... LTS - New Features and Release Details.md | 101 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 101 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220418 Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220418 Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/tech/20220418 Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eded533d5f --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220418 Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +[#]: subject: "Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-kylin-22-04-lts/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details +====== +A LIST OF NEW FEATURES OF THE BEAUTIFUL UBUNTU KYLIN 22.04 LTS WITH +ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. +[Ubuntu Kylin][1] is the official Chinese version of Ubuntu Linux. It targets Chinese users, but you can install it because it has almost all popular local language support across countries. Canonical and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China agreed in 2013 to officially build Ubuntu for the Chinese market for national usage. Hence, it has continued since then. + +The main attraction of Ubuntu Kylin is the stunning UKUI desktop environment (Ubuntu Kylin User Interface). The UKUI desktop environment is a beautiful desktop, uses few system resources and resembles Windows 7 and Windows 10 user interfaces for easy adoption. The UKUI is written using Qt and based on GTK for a few components. + +![Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS Desktop][2] + +### Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS – What’s New + +That said, the Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS brings the revamped UKUI 3.1, which brings several stunning UI changes since its 3.0 release. Firstly, the icon sets changed to look more modern and flat for the entire operating system. The icon colours are vibrant and easily distinguishable for similar colour usage. For example, the folder colours are yellow-orange, identical to other OSes. + +![Peony File Manager][3] + +Secondly, the bottom panel is revamped in UKUI 3.x+ with clean texts, icon spacing and three new size options – small, medium and large. The panel options allow you to move it to the top, left, and right without any extensions or tweaks. + +Third, the workspace view is improved with well-organized workspace thumbnails and application window previews. It’s worth mentioning that the workspace view in Ubuntu Kylin is similar to the Pop OS workspace view. You can easily drag the running applications and put them to any workspaces while remaining in workspace view. + +In addition to that, the UKUI design revamps since the 3.0 version includes an expanded application menu view which is a toggle option at the right-top of the main menu. When activated, it gives you a full-screen application view similar to GNOME. Interestingly, this is one unique way of intuitively combining the traditional app menu with the modern application menu. + +![Ubuntu Kylin Workspace View][4] + +Moreover, the Peony file manager of Ubuntu Kylin brings several improvements and aligns itself with the UKUI design revamp in this release. The Peony file manager 3.2.2 brings new folder icons, bug fixes, and an underlying performance boost. + +[][5] + +SEE ALSO:   Pop OS 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Updates + +One of the interesting change is the cursor theme settings which provides you with a preview of cursors before you apply. I think no other Linux distribution provides the cursor preview today in their settings. The Settings window also gives you a built-in dark and light theme with well-categorised sections to tweak your desktop. + +![Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 – Cursor preview][6] + +### Summary and Download + +Together with the above changes, Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS brings the default applications based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, which we list below. + + * Based on [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][7] and [Linux Kernel 5.15][8] + * UKUI Desktop Environment 3.1 (Kylin Linux Desktop V10 – SP1) + * Based on GTK Version 3.0 (for MATE applications) + * Based on Qt 5.15 (for UKUI) + * Firefox 99 (Snap version) + * LibreOffice 7.3.2.2 + * MATE Terminal 1.26 + * Peony File Manager 3.2.2 + * Pluma Text Editor 1.26 (MATE Application) + * Python 3.10 + * Rythmbox 3.4.4 + + + +Finally, the Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS is available to download as Beta from the link below. You may want to try it out before the final release. + +_If you are planning to install, remember to choose the language, locale and keyboard properly during installation. They default to Chinese._ + + * [ubuntukylin-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][9] (ISO file 3.9G) + * [ubuntukylin-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent][10] (Torrent) + + + +* * * + +We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][11], [Twitter][12], [YouTube][13], and [Facebook][14] and never miss an update! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-kylin-22-04-lts/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.ubuntukylin.com/index-en.html +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-Kylin-22.04-LTS-Desktop-1024x645.jpg +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Peony-File-Manager-1024x560.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-Kylin-Workspace-View-1024x545.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/pop-os-22-04-lts/ +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-Kylin-22.04-Cursor-preview-1024x641.jpg +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-kernel-5-15/ +[9]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntukylin/releases/22.04/beta/ubuntukylin-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso +[10]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntukylin/releases/22.04/beta/ubuntukylin-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso.torrent +[11]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[12]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[13]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[14]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From d41e879aabe1de9cc7d8e857de19787eb403f9d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Tue, 19 Apr 2022 05:03:13 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 77/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[news]:=2020220418=20LX?= =?UTF-8?q?Qt=201.1.0=20Releases=20With=20Theme=20Updates,=20Panel=20Impro?= =?UTF-8?q?vements,=20and=20More?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/news/20220418 LXQt 1.1.0 Releases With Theme Updates, Panel Improvements, and More.md --- ...e Updates, Panel Improvements, and More.md | 98 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 98 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/news/20220418 LXQt 1.1.0 Releases With Theme Updates, Panel Improvements, and More.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220418 LXQt 1.1.0 Releases With Theme Updates, Panel Improvements, and More.md b/sources/news/20220418 LXQt 1.1.0 Releases With Theme Updates, Panel Improvements, and More.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..15f515eacd --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20220418 LXQt 1.1.0 Releases With Theme Updates, Panel Improvements, and More.md @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +[#]: subject: "LXQt 1.1.0 Releases With Theme Updates, Panel Improvements, and More" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/lxqt-1-1-0-release/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +LXQt 1.1.0 Releases With Theme Updates, Panel Improvements, and More +====== + +LXQt is a lightweight Qt-based desktop environment. + +With the latest LXQt 1.1.0 update, the desktop experience depends on Qt 5.15, the LTS version of Qt 5 series. The release announcement mentions that they started working on [Qt 6.0][1] port but needed a more stable version. + +Let me briefly highlight what’s new with the new release. + +### LXQt 1.1.0: What’s New? + +![][2] + +The 1.1.0 release is a major upgrade that involves several improvements and additions. + +The primary work includes refinements to the file manager, updating the theme, panel, and some enhancements to the configuration. + +#### File Manager Supports DBus Interface + +When it comes to displaying files inside folders from within non-Qt applications, File Manager now gets the support for DBus interface that should work nicely with apps like Firefox, and Chromium. + +#### Improvements to Compatibility with non-Qt Applications + +Not just limited to file manager, but the new component xdg-desktop-portal-lxqt should help improve the behavior of non-Qt apps with the file dialog. + +#### Theme Refinements + +The LXQt themes received upgrades that include a new theme (Valendas), and several new wallpapers. + +![][3] + +To further let users tweak Qt widget styles, matching Qt palettes have been made available for a better look/feel. + +In addition to small enhancements, several fixes have been made to the themes. + +![][4] + +#### Panel Improvements + +The LXQt panel also received some subtle changes, like the legacy tray icons being collapsed inside Status Notifier when the System Tray plugin is enabled. + +The reset buttons were fixed in configuration dialogs. And, now the desktop names are shown in the context menus of active task buttons. + +The panel’s config dialog is split into 3 sections to make things easier to navigate. + +#### Other Improvements + +![][5] + +In addition to the visual changes and file manage improvements, you will notice the following: + + * Refinements to the power management tray icon. + * New option to LXQt session settings for global screen scaling + * The Default LXQt theme changed to clearlooks, and the default icon theme is now Breeze. + * Improved translations. + * Improvements to the QTerminal. + + + +If you want more details on the changes with the release, you may refer to the [official announcement][6]. + +### Getting LXQt 1.1.0 + +You will have to wait for your distribution to make the update available for you to install. We did not notice it even with the latest daily build for Lubuntu 22.04. + +However, you can experiment with it on Arch Linux using the community testing packages. + +[LXQt 1.1.0][7] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/lxqt-1-1-0-release/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/qt-6-released/ +[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3OCIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+ +[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3NCIgd2lkdGg9Ijg3OSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= +[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3NiIgd2lkdGg9Ijg3NyIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= +[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3NCIgd2lkdGg9Ijg3OCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= +[6]: https://lxqt-project.org/release/2022/04/15/lxqt-1-1-0/ +[7]: https://lxqt-project.org/ From 7de3818eb28bb74121f536273c08ae686c5bbe70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Xingyu.Wang" Date: Tue, 19 Apr 2022 07:23:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 78/94] Rename sources/tech/20220418 Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md to sources/news/20220418 Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md --- ...8 Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename sources/{tech => news}/20220418 Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220418 Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/news/20220418 Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/20220418 Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md rename to sources/news/20220418 Ubuntu Kylin 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md From 2861ee07fdbf42c382f03b2816ee89c601340587 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Tue, 19 Apr 2022 07:58:08 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 79/94] A --- ...Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md b/sources/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md index 04d8f681dc..019ea6ed11 100644 --- a/sources/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md +++ b/sources/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/tensorbook-razer-lambda/" [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "wxy" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 2fb02d66d3268e4c15e9c70f02459b0aadd321d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Tue, 19 Apr 2022 09:50:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 80/94] translated --- ...ubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md | 167 ------------------ ...ubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md | 160 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 160 insertions(+), 167 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220209 Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220209 Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220209 Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md b/sources/tech/20220209 Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md deleted file mode 100644 index c795932314..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220209 Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,167 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/twister-ui-2022/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI -====== -TWISTER UI IS THE EASIEST WAY TO GIVE YOUR LINUX MINT AND XUBUNTU A -VISUAL UPLIFT USING PRE-LOADED THEMES. HERE’S HOW. -[Twister UI][1] is an add-on to your existing Linux Mint and Xubuntu installation. The Pi Labs created this UI, who made the [Twister OS][2] for Raspberry Pi and related hardware. - -### Twister UI - -The Twister UI is a collection of packages for [Linux Mint][3], and Xubuntu brings several popular OS-specific themes and configurations out of the box. You can apply them with just a click of a button. You do not need to download separate icons, themes or cursors. - -The latest release gives out-of-box desktop theme, icons, sound, and other settings changes for the below OS types. - - * Native Twister OS Theme - * Windows 98, Windows 7, Windows XP - * Windows 11, Windows 10 - * iTwister and iTwister Sur (for macOS) - - - -#### How does it work? - -The team prepared automated scripts that download all popular OS-specific themes, sounds, etc., from GitHub. Then the script modifies them, download additional packages from the Ubuntu repository and installs this add-on as a whole. The installer takes care of installing everything by itself, and all you need to do is wait. - -Before we explain to you how to install it, let’s look at some of the screenshots and features of this OS mod. These screenshots are from the Linux Mint Xfce edition with this OS mod applied. - -#### How it looks (screenshots) - -![Twister UI – macOS Theme][4] - -![Twister UI – Windows XP Theme][5] - -![native Twister OS theme][6] - -#### Contents of the Twister UI Package - -The package brings its own settings app called ThemeTwister. You can use this to switch themes quickly. You can change as many times you want between them. Nothing breaks. - -The project also installs some good open-source packages by default. It installs Lutris, Steam gaming platforms to help you quickly play games. It also installs Discord, Wine emulator for the users. - -As you can see, the team carefully thought of which packages to install, considering the user base of this add-on. - -### How to Install - -If you plan to install this, I recommend using this package in Linux Mint Xfce edition and Xubuntu. Do not try to install it in other Linux distributions _(I tried before reading the documentation, I messed up my Fedora install, so don’t try it in other distributions)_. - -The requirement is a Linux Mint Xfce or Xubuntu installation (wither 32-bit 64-bit). It also requires around 5 GB of disk space. - -First, download the package from the below link, which contains the Torrent link. It is not an ISO file. It consists of three files, one of which is the actual script. - -[Download Twister UI][1] - -Once downloaded, open the downloaded folder, and you should see a file with extension .run (as below). - -![Give the execute permission to the run file][7] - -Change the permission of the file to make it executable. Then run it via the terminal. - -The script requires an admin password, so provide that once asked. Before you start the installation, make sure that you have a stable internet connection to download additional packages on the fly. - -![Starting the installation script][8] - -The download and installation take some time. Depending on your internet speed, it might take around 15 to 20 minutes. - -[][9] - -SEE ALSO:   Zorin OS 16 Lite Review - Perfect Combination of Beauty, Performance and Simplicity - -You should know that the installer will replace the default Plymouth and . - -Once installation completes, the script should prompt you to reboot. - -After reboot, log in to your Linux Mint Xfce or Xubuntu system. - -### How to Change Themes - -If you are using the Linux Mint Xfce edition, you need to make the following additional changes for the best results before changing the theme: - - * Open Application Menu > Settings > Desktop, under the Icons tab, uncheck the Use custom font size. - * Open Application Menu > Settings > Window Manager tweaks, under the Compositor tab, uncheck Show shadows under dock windows. - - - -You should now see a “ThemeTwister” icon on the desktop and open the application. This application gives you options to change themes, as shown below. - -![Changing theme using ThemeTwister tool][10] - -Select a theme and click on the respective button. Each time you change or apply a piece, the script asks you to log off. So make sure you close all your programs before changing the theme. - -### How to Uninstall - -If you are done and want to uninstall, then open a terminal and run the following shell script. - -``` - - sh /usr/share/ThemeSwitcher/uninstall.sh - -``` - -The above script only uninstalls Twister UI components and doesn’t uninstall Steam, Lutris etc. So if you want to uninstall, use the Software manager to uninstall them. - -It would be best if you did a reboot after uninstallation. - -### Review and Performance - -As per the Pi Labs documentation, the customizations should not consume much additional memory. And it is true. - -The customization is not impacting much on the desktop performance. When I ran one or two of the customization in Linux Mint Xfce edition in idle mode, it consumed around 740 MB of memory with CPU around 2% to 3%. This itself is impressive. The only cost of using this is the additional disk space. - -![Resource Usage in Linux Mint with Twister UI][11] - -The theme switcher is excellent and flawlessly changes the theme without surprises or errors. - -In general, the entire process is error-free and went well as per its design. - -### Closing Notes - -After downloading individual themes icons and changing settings, you can manually configure your Linux distribution to look like Windows or macOS. That takes a lot of time and is sometimes difficult for new users. With that in mind, I think this new approach is a time saver and very easy for everyone. You can get all the required mods with just a click of a button. - -There will always be an argument about why a Linux need to look like Windows or macOS. But older folks may not be familiar with computers much and remember the Windows colours and icons. They can adapt Linux using this simple modification without any hassles. - -Overall, it’s an excellent project from the Pi Labs and helps many users worldwide. - -So, what do you think about this project? Let me know in the comment box below. - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][12], [Twitter][13], [YouTube][14], and [Facebook][15] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/twister-ui-2022/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://twisteros.com/twisterui.html -[2]: https://twisteros.com -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-mint-20-3-new-app/ -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Twister-UI-macOS-Theme-1024x576.jpg -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Twister-UI-Windows-XP-Theme-1024x574.jpg -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/native-Twister-OS-theme-1024x581.jpg -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Give-the-execute-permission-to-the-run-file-1024x521.jpg -[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Starting-the-installation-script.jpg -[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/zorin-os-16-lite-review-xfce/ -[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Changing-theme-using-ThemeTwister-tool.jpg -[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Resource-Usage-in-Linux-Mint-with-Twister-UI-1024x579.jpg -[12]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[13]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[14]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[15]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/translated/tech/20220209 Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md b/translated/tech/20220209 Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e2262f5e31 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220209 Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI.md @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +[#]: subject: "Give Your Linux Mint and Xubuntu a Visual Uplift Using Twister UI" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/twister-ui-2022/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +使用 Twister UI 给你的 Linux Mint 和 Xubuntu 一个视觉上的提升 +====== +Twister UI 是给你的 Linux Mint 和 Xubuntu 提供视觉提升的最简单方法。以下是方法。 + +[Twister UI][1] 是你现有的 Linux Mint 和 Xubuntu 安装的一个插件。Pi 实验室创造了这个用户界面，他们为树莓派和相关硬件开发了 [Twister OS][2]。 + +### Twister UI + +Twister UI 是 [Linux Mint][3] 的一个软件包集合，Xubuntu 带来了几个流行的操作系统特定的主题和配置，开箱即用。你只需点击一个按钮就可以应用它们。你不需要下载单独的图标、主题或光标。 + +最新的版本为以下操作系统类型提供了开箱即用的桌面主题、图标、声音和其他设置变化。 + + * 原生 Twister 操作系统主题 + * Windows 98、Windows 7、Windows XP + * Windows 11、Windows 10 + * iTwister 和 iTwister Sur (用于 macOS) + + + +#### 它是如何工作的？ + +该团队准备了自动脚本，从 GitHub 下载所有流行的操作系统特定的主题、声音等。然后脚本修改它们，从 Ubuntu 仓库下载额外的包，并整体安装这个附加组件。安装程序自己负责安装一切，你需要做的就是等待。 + +在向你解释如何安装之前，让我们看看这个操作系统 mod 的一些截图和功能。这些截图来自应用了这个操作系统 mod 的 Linux Mint Xfce 版。 + +#### 它的外观（截图） + +![Twister UI – macOS Theme][4] + +![Twister UI – Windows XP Theme][5] + +![native Twister OS theme][6] + +#### Twister UI 软件包的内容 + +该软件包带来了自己的设置应用，名为 ThemeTwister。你可以用它来快速切换主题。你可以随心所欲地在它们之间转换。没有任何中断。 + +该项目还默认安装了一些好的开源包。它安装了 Lutris、Steam 游戏平台以帮助你快速玩游戏。它还为用户安装了 Discord，Wine 模拟器。 + +正如你所看到的，考虑到这个附加组件的用户群，该团队仔细考虑了要安装哪些软件包。 + +### 如何安装 + +如果你打算安装这个，我建议在 Linux Mint Xfce 版和 Xubuntu 中使用这个包。不要试图在其他 Linux 发行版中安装它_（我在阅读文档之前就试过了，我把我的 Fedora 安装搞得一团糟，所以不要在其他发行版中尝试）_。 + +要求是安装 Linux Mint Xfce 或 Xubuntu（无论是 32 位还是 64 位）。它还需要大约 5GB 的磁盘空间。 + +首先，从下面的链接中下载该软件包，其中包含 Torrent 链接。它不是一个 ISO 文件。它由三个文件组成，其中一个是实际的脚本。 + +[下载 Twister UI][1] + +下载完毕后，打开下载的文件夹，你应该看到一个扩展名为 .run 的文件（如下图所示）。 + +![Give the execute permission to the run file][7] + +改变该文件的权限，使其可执行。然后通过终端运行它。 + +该脚本需要一个管理员密码，所以在要求时就提供这个密码。在你开始安装之前，请确保你有一个稳定的网络连接，以便即时下载其他软件包。 + +![Starting the installation script][8] + +下载和安装需要一些时间。取决于你的网速，可能需要 15 到 20 分钟左右。 + +你应该知道，安装程序将取代默认的 Plymouth 和更新 initramfs。 + +安装完成后，脚本应该提示你重新启动。 + +重启后，登录到你的 Linux Mint Xfce 或 Xubuntu 系统。 + +### 如何改变主题 + +如果你使用的是 Linux Mint Xfce 版，在改变主题之前，你需要做以下额外的改变以获得最佳效果： + + * 打开应用程序菜单 > 设置 > 桌面，在图标标签下，取消勾选使用自定义字体大小。 + * 打开应用程序菜单 > 设置 > 窗口管理器调整，在合成器标签下，取消勾选在停靠窗口下显示阴影。 + + + +现在你应该在桌面上看到一个 “ThemeTwister” 图标，并打开该应用。这个应用为你提供了改变主题的选项，如下图所示。 + +![Changing theme using ThemeTwister tool][10] + +选择一个主题并点击相应的按钮。每次你改变或应用一个主题时，脚本都会要求你注销。所以在改变主题之前，请确保你关闭所有的程序。 + +### 如何卸载 + +如果你完成后想卸载，那么打开终端，运行下面的 shell 脚本。 + +``` + + sh /usr/share/ThemeSwitcher/uninstall.sh + +``` + +上述脚本只卸载了 Twister UI 组件，并没有卸载 Steam、Lutris 等。所以如果你想卸载，请使用软件管理器来卸载它们。 + +如果你在卸载后做一次重启，那将是最好的。 + +### 回顾和性能 + +根据 Pi 实验室的文件，定制应该不会消耗太多的额外内存。这也是事实。 + +定制对桌面性能影响不大。当我在 Linux Mint Xfce 版的空闲模式下运行一到两个定制程序时，它消耗了大约 740MB 的内存，CPU 大约 2% 到 3%。这本身就令人印象深刻。使用它的唯一代价是额外的磁盘空间。 + +![Resource Usage in Linux Mint with Twister UI][11] + +主题切换器非常好，完美地改变了主题，没有惊喜和错误。 + +总的来说，整个过程是没有错误的，并且按照其设计进行得很好。 + +### 结尾说明 + +在下载独立主题图标和改变设置后，你可以手动配置你的 Linux 发行版，使其看起来像 Windows 或 macOS。这需要很多时间，有时对新用户来说也很困难。考虑到这一点，我认为这种新方法可以节省时间，对每个人来说都非常容易。你只需点击一个按钮，就可以得到所有需要的 mod。 + +总会有一种争论，为什么 Linux 需要看起来像 Windows 或 macOS。但老年人可能不太熟悉电脑，但记得 Windows 的颜色和图标。他们可以使用这种简单的修改来适应 Linux，而不会有任何麻烦。 + +总的来说，这是一个来自Pi实验室的优秀项目，可以帮助全世界的许多用户。 + +那么，你对这个项目有什么看法？请在下面的评论栏里告诉我。 + +* * * + +我们带来最新的科技、软件新闻和重要的东西。通过 [Telegram][12]、[Twitter][13]、[YouTube][14] 和 [Facebook][15] 保持联系，永远不会错过任何更新！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/twister-ui-2022/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://twisteros.com/twisterui.html +[2]: https://twisteros.com +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-mint-20-3-new-app/ +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Twister-UI-macOS-Theme-1024x576.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Twister-UI-Windows-XP-Theme-1024x574.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/native-Twister-OS-theme-1024x581.jpg +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Give-the-execute-permission-to-the-run-file-1024x521.jpg +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Starting-the-installation-script.jpg +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Changing-theme-using-ThemeTwister-tool.jpg +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Resource-Usage-in-Linux-Mint-with-Twister-UI-1024x579.jpg +[12]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[13]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[14]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[15]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From 1da14bf051d06a9a7e7e4ecb16fd192fb3d6285f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Tue, 19 Apr 2022 09:51:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 81/94] translating --- sources/tech/20220418 MLCube and Podman.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220418 MLCube and Podman.md b/sources/tech/20220418 MLCube and Podman.md index f6de02160c..5aaa184b41 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220418 MLCube and Podman.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220418 MLCube and Podman.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/mlcube-and-podman/" [#]: author: "Benson Muite https://fedoramagazine.org/author/fed500/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 23841ae67dd1571b554558b282ad8c138234762b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Tue, 19 Apr 2022 11:41:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 82/94] TR --- ...Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md | 99 ------------------- ...Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md | 99 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 99 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md create mode 100644 translated/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md diff --git a/sources/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md b/sources/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md deleted file mode 100644 index 019ea6ed11..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,99 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/tensorbook-razer-lambda/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "wxy" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning -====== - -Razer is known for its gaming peripherals and hardware. - -On the other hand, Lambda offers workstations, servers, and GPU clusters equipped with their software stack to facilitate deep learning as conveniently as possible. - -They have collaborated to present a sleek-looking modern laptop (powered by Ubuntu 20.04) tailored for deep learning on the go. - -And, it isn’t like any [other Linux laptops][1] available. - -In case you are curious, deep learning is a type of machine learning where you teach a computer to process information similar to how humans do (by example). You can explore [Wikipedia][2] for more details. - -### Tensorbook: The Deep Learning Laptop - -![][3] - -The Tensorbook is a Linux-powered laptop with state-of-the-art specifications to help you efficiently work with deep learning training/development anywhere. And, Lambda’s software stack supports all the tools to conveniently update PyTorch, Tensorflow, CUDA, etc., with just a single command. - -Of course, the name isn’t a surprise, considering tensor cores help speed up the machine learning training/process. - -![][4] - -Razer did not add any of their usual signature patterns with this laptop, like a green accent/color, logo, or RGB elements. Well, for the greater good, this is tailored for deep learning. So, it is only fair that it isn’t too flashy. - -You only find the lambda logo as the primary on the lid and a Razer x Lambda text on the bottom bezel of the screen. And, the purple accent goes all over, Lambda taking the lead on its branding here. - -The specifications for the laptop involve: - - * **GPU**: GeForce RTX 3080 Max-Q 16 GB VRAM - * **CPU:** Intel i7-11800H - * **RAM:** 64 GB 3200 MHz DDR4 - * **Storage:** 2 TB NVMe PCIe 4.0 - * **Display:** 165 Hz 1440p 15.6-inch - - - -In addition to the solid core configuration, the connectivity options include: - - * 3 x USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-A ports - * 1 x HDMI 2.1 - * 1 x UHS-III SD Card Reader - * 3.5 mm Headphone/Microphone jack - * 2 x Thunderbolt 4 ports - * Wi-Fi 6E - * Bluetooth 5.2 - - - -Undoubtedly, the laptop is a sleek powerhouse with all the components packed in it. - -The RTX 3080 GPU should be capable enough to help with your deep learning tasks, whether you are a professional or a beginner. - -Of course, it isn’t pitched for gaming, but with what you have, along with a high refresh rate screen, you can comfortably game on it when you want. - -![][5] - -The machine learning training benchmarks claim that it is way ahead of the M1 Max chip. - -So, you will not have any trouble with training models. - -### Pricing and Availability - -It is a premium offering, so the price tag suits the same, starting at **$3499**. You can customize it for enterprise settings to pack in Windows 10 and Ubuntu. - -An extended warranty and premium support is available if you want to pay the extra. - -You can customize and proceed with the purchase on Lambda’s official website. - -[Tensorbook][6] - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/tensorbook-razer-lambda/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/get-linux-laptops/ -[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_learning -[3]: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/wMh6Dhq7P_Q/hqdefault.jpg -[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjgwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjcyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= -[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjYwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjgyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= -[6]: https://lambdalabs.com/deep-learning/laptops/tensorbook diff --git a/translated/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md b/translated/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..eafc2689e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/news/20220413 Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +[#]: subject: "Razer and Lambda Team Up to Unveil a Linux Laptop for Deep Learning" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/tensorbook-razer-lambda/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "wxy" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +雷蛇与 Lambda 联手推出用于深度学习的 Linux 笔记本电脑 +====== + +> Razer 与一家专注于深度学习的硬件公司合作，以时尚的外形、昂贵的价格提供了最新和最伟大的产品。 + +![](https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/tensorbook-linux-ml-laptop.jpg) + +雷蛇Razer 以其游戏外设和硬件而闻名。 + +另一方面，Lambda 提供配备了他们的软件栈的工作站、服务器和 GPU 集群，以尽可能方便地促进深度学习。 + +他们合作推出了一款外观时尚的现代笔记本电脑（由 Ubuntu 20.04 驱动），专为随时随地的深度学习而设计。 + +它不同于 [其他 Linux 笔记本电脑][1]。 + +顺便说一句，深度学习是一种机器学习，你通过实例教给计算机学会类似人类处理信息的方式。你可以查看 [维基百科][2] 以了解更多细节。 + +### Tensorbook：深度学习笔记本电脑 + +[![][3]](https://youtu.be/wMh6Dhq7P_Q) + +Tensorbook 是一款由 Linux 驱动的笔记本电脑，具有最先进的规格，可以帮助你在任何地方高效地进行深度学习训练/开发。而且，Lambda 的软件栈支持各种工具，只需一个命令就能方便地更新 PyTorch、Tensorflow、CUDA 等。 + +当然，这个名字并不令人意外，因为张量核心有助于加快机器学习训练/过程。 + +![][4] + +雷蛇没有在这台笔记本电脑上添加任何他们惯用的标志性图案，比如绿色的点缀/颜色、标志或 RGB 元素。好吧，毕竟这是为深度学习而定制的。所以，它不太浮华是公平的。 + +你只能在盖子上找到 lambda 主要标志，在屏幕的底边框上找到 Razer x Lambda 的文字。而且，紫色的风格贯穿始终，Lambda 在这里主导了其品牌宣传。 + +这款笔记本电脑的规格涉及： + + * GPU：GeForce RTX 3080 Max-Q 16 GB VRAM + * CPU：Intel i7-11800H + * 内存：64 GB 3200 MHz DDR4 + * 存储：2 TB NVMe PCIe 4.0 + * 显示：165 Hz 1440p 15.6 英寸 + +除了可靠的核心配置外，连接选项包括： + + * 3 个 USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-A 端口 + * 1 x HDMI 2.1 + * 1 个 UHS-III SD 卡阅读器 + * 3.5 毫米耳机/麦克风插孔 + * 2 个雷电 4 端口 + * Wi-Fi 6E + * 蓝牙 5.2 + +毋庸置疑，这款笔记本电脑是一个时尚的动力源，将这些组件容纳于其中。 + +RTX 3080 GPU 应该有足够的能力来帮助你完成深度学习任务，无论你是专业人士还是初学者。 + +当然，它不是为游戏而设计的，但以你所拥有的配置以及高刷新率的屏幕，你可以在需要的时候在上面舒适地玩游戏。 + +![][5] + +其机器学习训练基准声称，它远远领先于 M1 Max 芯片。 + +因此，你在训练模型方面不会有任何问题。 + +### 定价和可用性 + +这是一款高端产品，所以价格标签也一样，起价为 **3499 美元**。你可以为企业设置定制它，以便安装上 Windows 10 和 Ubuntu。 + +如果你支付额外的费用，还可以获得延长保修和高级支持。 + +你可以在 Lambda 的官方网站上定制并进行购买。 + +> [Tensorbook][6] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/tensorbook-razer-lambda/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/get-linux-laptops/ +[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_learning +[3]: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/wMh6Dhq7P_Q/hqdefault.jpg +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/tensorbook-1.jpg +[5]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/tensorbook-2.jpg +[6]: https://lambdalabs.com/deep-learning/laptops/tensorbook From f23f9c8fac34f223a036e18cf610b5b080ce1b24 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=91?= Date: Tue, 19 Apr 2022 17:03:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 83/94] =?UTF-8?q?Translated.=E8=BF=99=E7=AF=87=E6=96=87?= =?UTF-8?q?=E7=AB=A0=E6=9C=89=E4=B8=80=E4=B8=AA2022=E5=B9=B404=E6=9C=8821?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=97=A5=E7=9A=84=E6=97=B6=E9=97=B4=E8=8A=82=E7=82=B9?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...-Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md | 115 ------------------ ...-Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md | 114 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 114 insertions(+), 115 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md b/sources/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md deleted file mode 100644 index f600bd6269..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,115 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 “Jammy Jellyfish” From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/upgrade-ubuntu-22-04-from-20-04/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "robsean" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 “Jammy Jellyfish” From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS -====== -HERE ARE THE COMPLETE STEPS AND PRECAUTIONS YOU NEED TO TAKE BEFORE -UPGRADING TO UBUNTU 22.04 LTS FROM UBUNTU 20.04 LTS. -[Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish][1] releases on April 21, 2022. I recommend you wait for a month or two after April 21st to upgrade. Ideally, it would be best if you plan to Upgrade to any major release after the first point release. - -But if you are in a hurry or want to experience the stunning changes and features that Ubuntu 22.04 brings to the table, then read below the steps required for a flawless upgrade process. - -### Before Upgrade - -For any upgrade, it is always wiser to follow some best practices. These prevent some post-upgrade problems and lead to a successful upgrade process. - - * Backup data to another drive or USB storage from your home directory includes your pictures, videos, or other personal files. - * Keep a [LIVE USB ready with Ubuntu][2] if you run into an unstable system. - * If you upgrade to a GNOME workstation, disable all the GNOME extensions because they will be incompatible as they work with GNOME 3.36+. - * After a successful upgrade, you can enable the extensions one at a time. - * Ensure that your system is up to date with packages by running the command `sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade` - * Close all your running applications. - * Restart your system. - - - -With that said, if you are ready, then follow the instructions below to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. - -### Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 from Ubuntu 20.04 and Ubuntu 21.10 - -#### Before April 21, 2022 - -If you want to upgrade before the release day, open a terminal window and run the following command. - -``` - - sudo do-release-upgrade -d - -``` - -![Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS from Ubuntu 20.04 LTS][3] - -The above command will override the system “focal” branches with “jammy” to get the new packages. Not only that, but the command will also disable all third-party PPA that you may have added over the years. - -Furthermore, the command will take some time to finish depending on your internet speed. - -In addition to that, keep a watch on the terminal for occasional prompts which require your input as Y/N. Also, if you cancel the upgrade process midway, the third party PPA will not be enabled. So, you have to enable them manually. - -![Summary of the upgrade][4] - -Finally, the command will calculate the size of the upgrade and give you the estimated time required with a summary as shown below. Please read it carefully and give your permission to upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish. - -[][5] - -SEE ALSO:   Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Daily Builds Are Now Available - -After the upgrade process is complete, restart your system and enjoy the exciting Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. - -#### After April 21, 2022 - -On the day or after April 21, 2022, Ubuntu will not give you any visual upgrade prompt for an upgrade until the first point release in July 2022 because the first point release is considered the most stable version after initial bugs are ironed out. - -That said, you either wait until July, or you can force the upgrade. How? Open the Software and Updates, and go to the Updates tab. And change “notify me of new ubuntu version” to “any new version”. - -Once you do that, you should see a prompt for an upgrade on the desktop. Follow the on-screen instructions and continue with the upgrade process. - -The prompt also calculates the list of packages required to upgrade with the needed time, so read the updater output carefully. Once you are ready, start the process. - -Finally, after the upgrade process is finished, reboot the system to enjoy the brand new Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish. - -#### Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 from Ubuntu 21.10 - -You can follow the above exact instructions for Ubuntu 21.10 as well. There are no extra steps required to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 from Ubuntu 21.10. - -#### How long does the upgrade to the Ubuntu 22.04 process take? - -As per my test, the default install requires a little more than 30 minutes of total time to finish the entire upgrade process. It might be higher for your system based on how many software of packages you installed plus the age of your installation. So plan your time accordingly. - -### Conclusion - -Finally, I hope these steps help you successfully upgrade your Ubuntu system to Jammy Jellyfish. If you are planning to upgrade, I wish you all the best. - -Do let me know in the comment box below how the upgrade process goes. - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][6], [Twitter][7], [YouTube][8], and [Facebook][9] and never miss an update! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/upgrade-ubuntu-22-04-from-20-04/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://releases.ubuntu.com/22.04/ -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/09/how-to-create-ubuntu-linux-os-bootable-usb-in-windows/ -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Upgrade-to-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS-from-Ubuntu-20.04-LTS-1024x540.jpg -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Summary-of-the-upgrade-1024x581.jpg -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/10/ubuntu-22-04-daily-builds/ -[6]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[7]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[8]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[9]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/translated/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md b/translated/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e29d4d4dde --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 “Jammy Jellyfish” From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/upgrade-ubuntu-22-04-from-20-04/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "robsean" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +如何从 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 “Jammy Jellyfish” +====== +这里是你从 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 升级到 Ubuntu 之前，你所需要采取的完整步骤和预防措施。 +[Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish][1] 将在2022年04月21日发布。我建议你在04月21日之后的一两个月后再升级。理想的情况下，如果你在第一次修正版本发布后，才计划升级到任意主要版本，这会是最好的选择。 + +但是，如果你迫切想要体验 Ubuntu 22.04 带来的令人震惊的更改和特色功能，那么，接下来请阅读用于完美升级过程的步骤。 + +### 在升级前 + +在任何升级前，遵循一些最佳的惯例总是更加明智的。这会防止出现一些升级后的问题，并引领通往成功的升级流程。 + + * 备份你的 home 目录中的数据到另一个驱动器或 USB 存储器，包括：图片、视频或其他的个人文件。 + * 如果你在一个不稳定的系统中运行，保持在 [Ubuntu 的 LIVE USB ][2] 系统之中。 + * 如果你打算升级 GNOME 工作站，请先禁用所有的 GNOME 扩展，因为这些扩展与 GNOME 3.36+ 不兼容。 + * 在成功的升级后，你可以一次启用一个扩展。 + * 运行命令 `sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade` 以确保你的系统是最新的软件包 + * 关闭所有你正在运行的应用程序。 + * 重新启动你的系统。 + + + +话虽如此，如果你准备好了，接下来遵循下面的指令来从 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 。 + +### 从 Ubuntu 20.04 和 Ubuntu 21.10 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 + +#### 在2022年04月21日之前 + +如果你想在发布日期前升级，打开一个终端窗口，并运行下面的命令。 + +``` + + sudo do-release-upgrade -d + +``` + +![Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS from Ubuntu 20.04 LTS][3] + +上面的命令将系统地使用 "jammy" 来覆盖 "focal" 分支以获取新的软件包。不仅如此，这个命令也会禁用你这些年所可能添加的所有的第三方 PPA 。 + +此外，这个命令将花费一些时间才完成，这主要取决于你的网速。 + +除此之外，注意终端上偶尔出现的提示，它需要你输入 Y 或 N 。另外，如果你中途取消升级过程，这些第三方 PPA 也将会被禁用。因此，你必须手动启用它们。 + +![Summary of the upgrade][4] + +最后，这个命令将计算升级系统所需软件包的大小，并给予你估算所需时间的概述，如下图所示。请仔细地阅读它，并给予升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish 的权限。 + +[][5] + +请参考: Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish 每日构建版本现在已经可用 + +在升级过程完成后，重新启动你的系统，享受令人兴奋的 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 。 + +#### 在2022年04月21日之后 + +在2022年04月21日当天或之后，直到2022年07月第一次修正版本发布，Ubuntu 都不会给予你任何关于升级的可见的提示，因为在解决了最初错误后的第一次修正版本会被认为是最稳定的版本。 + +这意味着，你要么等到07月，你要么强制升级。如何强制升级？打开软件包和更新，转到更新标签页。更改“通知我新的 ubuntu 版本Settings notify me of new ubuntu version” 为 “任意新的 ubuntu 版本any new version”。 + +在你完成后，你应该会在桌面上看到一个升级提示。遵循屏幕上的指令，接着继续升级过程。 + +这个提示也会计算升级系统所列软件包所需的时间，因此，仔细的阅读更新程序的输出内容。在你准备好了以后，开始升级过程。 + +最后，在升级过程完成后，重新启动系统，享受全新的 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish 。 + +#### 从 Ubuntu 21.10 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 + +针对 Ubuntu 21.10 ，你也可以参考上面严格的指令来升级。从 Ubuntu 21.10 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 不需要额外的步骤。 + +#### 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 的过程将花费多长的时间? + +根据我的测试，在默认安装的情况下，整个升级过程需要30多分钟。对于你的系统来说，安装时间可能会更多一些，这取决于你安装的软件包的多少，以及你所安装 ubuntu 版本的时间。因此，相应地计划你的时间。 + +### 总结 + +最后，我希望这些步骤能帮助你成功地升级你的 Ubuntu 系统为 Jammy Jellyfish 。如果你正在打算升级，祝你一切顺利。 + +请在下面的评论区中告诉我升级过程是如何进行的。 + +* * * + +我们带来最新的科技、软件新闻和重要的题材。通过 [Telegram][6]、[Twitter][7]、[YouTube][8] 和 [Facebook][8] 保持联系、不错过一次更新! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/upgrade-ubuntu-22-04-from-20-04/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://releases.ubuntu.com/22.04/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/09/how-to-create-ubuntu-linux-os-bootable-usb-in-windows/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Upgrade-to-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS-from-Ubuntu-20.04-LTS-1024x540.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Summary-of-the-upgrade-1024x581.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/10/ubuntu-22-04-daily-builds/ +[6]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[7]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[8]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[9]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From 0c951deb205fae99d341b530db67a0ef04f4a5ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Tue, 19 Apr 2022 20:49:45 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 84/94] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220414=20A=20guide=20to=20JVM=20parameters=20for=20Jav?= =?UTF-8?q?a=20developers.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...e to JVM parameters for Java developers.md | 232 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 232 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220414 A guide to JVM parameters for Java developers.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220414 A guide to JVM parameters for Java developers.md b/sources/tech/20220414 A guide to JVM parameters for Java developers.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa996bdda0 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220414 A guide to JVM parameters for Java developers.md @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +[#]: subject: "A guide to JVM parameters for Java developers" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/4/jvm-parameters-java-developers" +[#]: author: "Jayashree Huttanagoudar https://opensource.com/users/jayashree-huttanagoudar" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +A guide to JVM parameters for Java developers +====== +By understanding and using JVM and JVM parameters, both developers and end users can diagnose failures and improve the performance of a Java application. + +![young woman working on a laptop][1] + +Image by: + +CC BY 3.0 US Mapbox Uncharted ERG + +When you write source code, you're writing code for humans to read. Computers can't execute source code until the code is compiled into *machine language*, a generic term referring to any number of languages required by a specific machine. Normally, if you compile code on Linux, it runs on Linux, and if you compile code on Windows, it runs on Windows, and so on. However, Java is different. It doesn't target an actual machine. It targets something called the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and so it can run on any machine. + +Java source code gets compiled into bytecode which is run by a JVM installed on a computer. The JVM is an execution engine, but it's not one you usually interact with directly. It runs quietly, processing Java bytecode. Most people don't need to think or even know about the JVM, but it can be useful to understand how the JVM works so you can debug and optimize Java code. For example: + +* In the production environment, you might find a deployed application needs a performance boost. +* If something goes wrong in an application you've written, both the developer and end-user have options to debug the problem. +* Should you want to know the details of the Java Development Kit (JDK) being used to develop or run a Java application, you can get those details by querying the JVM. + +In the production environment, you might find a deployed application needs a performance boost. + +If something goes wrong in an application you've written, both the developer and end-user have options to debug the problem. + +Should you want to know the details of the Java Development Kit (JDK) being used to develop or run a Java application, you can get those details by querying the JVM. + +This article introduces some basic JVM parameters to help in these scenarios… + +![Jvm parameters][2] + +Image by: + +(Jayashree Huttanagoudar CC BY-SA 4.0) + +### What's the difference between a JVM, JDK, and JRE? + +Java has a lot of J-acronyms, including JVM, JDK, and JRE. + +* A Java Developer Kit (JDK) is accessed by programmers who need development libraries to use in their code. +* The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is employed by people who want to run a Java application. +* The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is the component that runs Java bytecode. + +A Java Developer Kit (JDK) is accessed by programmers who need development libraries to use in their code. + +The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is employed by people who want to run a Java application. + +The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is the component that runs Java bytecode. + +The JDK contains both a JRE and a JVM, but some Java distributions provide an alternate download containing a JRE (including a JVM). + +![JDK][3] + +Image by: + +(Jayashree Huttanagoudar CC BY-SA 4.0) + +Java is open source, so different companies build and distribute JDKs. You can install more than one on your system, which can be helpful when you're working on or using different Java projects, some of which might use an old JDK. + +To list the JDKs on your Linux system, you can use the alternatives command: + +``` +$ alternatives --config java +There are 2 programs that provide java.Selection Command-----------------------------------------------*+ 1 java-11-openjdk.x86_64 (/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-11.0.13.0.8-2.fc35.x86_64/bin/java)2 java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 (/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.312.b07-2.fc35.x86_64/jre/bin/java) +Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: +``` + +To switch between available JDKs, run the command again: + +``` +$ sudo alternatives --config java +``` + +Another option is to use [SDKMan][4], which helps you download, update, and manage the JDKs on your system. + +### What is JVM tuning? + +Tuning a JVM is the process of adjusting JVM parameters to improve the performance of the Java application. It also helps to diagnose application failure. + +In general, it's important to consider these points before tuning: + +* Cost : Sometimes, improving the hardware running your code can improve an application's performance. That might seem like a "cheat" but consider how much time you're willing to spend tuning the JVM parameters. Sometimes, an application requires more memory to perform as desired, and no amount of software hacking will change that. +* Desired Outcome: Stability is more important than performance in the long run. If your tuning affects the stability, it's probably better to wisely choose your tuning parameters. +* Underlying issues : Sometimes, the issue could be an underlying issue with the host operating system. Before tuning the JVM, ensure that the JVM's platform is working as expected. +* Memory leaks: If you find yourself using Garbage Collection (GC) tuning parameters, there are likely memory leaks that need to get fixed in the application code. + +**Cost** : Sometimes, improving the hardware running your code can improve an application's performance. That might seem like a "cheat" but consider how much time you're willing to spend tuning the JVM parameters. Sometimes, an application requires more memory to perform as desired, and no amount of software hacking will change that. + +**Desired Outcome**: Stability is more important than performance in the long run. If your tuning affects the stability, it's probably better to wisely choose your tuning parameters. + +**Underlying issues** : Sometimes, the issue could be an underlying issue with the host operating system. Before tuning the JVM, ensure that the JVM's platform is working as expected. + +**Memory leaks**: If you find yourself using Garbage Collection (GC) tuning parameters, there are likely memory leaks that need to get fixed in the application code. + +### Types of JVM Parameters + +JVM parameters are grouped under three categories: Standard options, Non-standard, and Advanced. + +#### Standard options + +All JVM implementations support standard options. Run the 'java' command in a terminal to see a list of standard options. + +``` +$ java +Usage: java [options] [args...] +        (to execute a class) +   or  java [options] -jar [args...] +        (to execute a jar file) + where options include: +        -cp +        -classpath +        --class-path +                A : separated list of directories, JAR archives, +                and ZIP archives to search for class files. +        --enable-preview +                allow classes to depend on preview features of this release +To specify an argument for a long option, you can use --= or-- . +``` + +These are all standard options included with any JVM, and you can safely use them as you use any [command-line option][5]. For example, to validate command options for configuration, and create a VM and load a main class without executing the main class, use: + +``` +$ java --dry-run +``` + +#### Non-standard options + +Non-standard options start with `-X`. These are for general purpose use and are specific to a particular implementation of JVM. To list these options: + +``` +$ java -X-Xbatch disable background compilation-Xbootclasspath/a: +append to end of bootstrap class path-Xinternalversion +displays more detailed JVM version information than the-version option-Xloggc: log GC status to a file with time stamps[...] +``` + +These extra options are subject to change without notice and are not supported by all JVM implementations. + +A JVM built by Microsoft may have different options than one built by Red Hat, and so on. + +To get detailed JVM version information, use the following option: + +``` +$ java -Xinternalversion --version +OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (11.0.13+8) for linux-amd64 JRE (11.0.13+8), built on Nov 8 2021 00:00:00 by "mockbuild" with gcc 11.2.1 20210728 (Red Hat 11.2.1-1) +``` + +To get the property setting use: + +``` +$ java -XshowSettings:properties --version +``` + +#### Advanced options + +These options are not for casual use and are used for tuning the specific areas of the Hotspot VM. These options are subject to change, and there is no guarantee that all JVM implementations will support it. + +These options start with -XX. To list these options, use the following command: + +``` +$ java -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -version +``` + +For example, to trace the class loading then use the below command: + +``` +$ java -XX:+TraceClassLoading Hello +``` + +The Hello.java has: + +``` +$ cat Hello. javapublic class Hello { +  public static void main(String[] args) { +    System.out.println("Inside Hello World!"); +  }} +``` + +Another common problem you might face is OOM (Out Of Memory) errors, which can happen without much debug information. To solve such a problem, you might use the debug option -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError, which creates a .hprof file with debug information. + +``` +$ cat TestClass. java +import java.util.ArrayList; +import java.util.List; + +public class TestClass { + public static void main(String[] args) { + List list = new ArrayList(); + for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { + list.add(new char[1000000]); + } + } +} +$ Javac TestClass.java +$ java -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -Xms10m -Xmx1g TestClass +java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: java heap space +Dumping heap to java_pid444496.hprof ... +Heap dump file created [1018925828 bytes in 1.442 secs] +Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: java heap space +at TestClass.main(TestClass.Java:8) +``` + +[There are tools][6] to look at this .hprof file to understand what went wrong. + +### Conclusion + +By understanding and using JVM and JVM parameters, both developers and end users can diagnose failures and improve the performance of a Java application. The next time you're working with Java, take a moment to look at the options available to you. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/jvm-parameters-java-developers + +作者：[Jayashree Huttanagoudar][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jayashree-huttanagoudar +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/lenovo-thinkpad-laptop-window-focus.png +[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-03/java-jvm-parameters.jpg +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-03/jdk.jpg +[4]: https://opensource.com/%5Bhttps%3A//opensource.com/article/22/3/manage-java-versions-sdkman%5D%28https%3A//opensource.com/article/22/3/manage-java-versions-sdkman%29 +[5]: https://opensource.com/%5Bhttps%3A//opensource.com/article/21/8/linux-terminal%5D%28https%3A//opensource.com/article/21/8/linux-terminal%29 +[6]: https://opensource.com/%5Bhttps%3A//docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/tools/share/jhat.html%5D%28https%3A//docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/tools/share/jhat.html%29 From 3818c71b529fcfd7ff80d2dbcd14f687d015721d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Tue, 19 Apr 2022 20:53:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 85/94] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=89=8B=E5=8A=A8=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220414=20My=20favorite=20build=20options=20for=20Go.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...220414 My favorite build options for Go.md | 267 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 267 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220414 My favorite build options for Go.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220414 My favorite build options for Go.md b/sources/tech/20220414 My favorite build options for Go.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..abe249a8d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220414 My favorite build options for Go.md @@ -0,0 +1,267 @@ +[#]: subject: "My favorite build options for Go" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/4/go-build-options" +[#]: author: "Gaurav Kamathe https://opensource.com/users/gkamathe" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +My favorite build options for Go +====== +These handy Go build options can help you understand the Go compilation process better. + +![GitHub launches Open Source Friday][1] + +(Image by: Opensource.com) + +One of the most gratifying parts of learning a new programming language is finally running an executable and getting the desired output. When I discovered the programming language Go, I started by reading some sample programs to get acquainted with the syntax, then wrote small test programs. Over time, this approach helped me get familiar with compiling and building the program. + +The build options available for Go provide ways to gain more control over the build process. They can also provide additional information to help break the process into smaller parts. In this article, I will demonstrate some of the options I have used. Note: I am using the terms build and compile to mean the same thing. + +### Getting started with Go + +I am using Go version 1.16.7; however, the command given here should work on most recent versions as well. If you do not have Go installed, you can download it from the [Go website][2] and follow the instructions for installation. Verify the version you have installed by opening a prompt command and typing: + +``` +$ go version +``` + +The response should look like this, depending on your version. + +``` +go version go1.16.7 linux/amd64 +$ +``` + +### Basic compilation and execution of Go programs + +I'll start with a sample Go program that simply prints "Hello World" to the screen. + +``` +$ cat hello.go +package main +import "fmt" +func main() { +        fmt.Println("Hello World")} +$ +``` + +Before discussing more advanced options, I'll explain how to compile a sample Go program. I make use of the `build `option followed by the Go program source file name, which in this case is `hello.go`. + +``` +$ go build hello.go +``` + +If everything is working correctly, you should see an executable named `hello` created in your current directory. You can verify that it is in ELF binary executable format (on the Linux platform) by using the file command. You can also execute it and see that it outputs "Hello World." + +``` +$ ls +hello  hello.go +$ +$ file ./hello +./hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped +$ +$ ./hello +Hello World +$ +``` + +Go provides a handy `run` option in case you do not want to have a resulting binary and instead want to see if the program works correctly and prints the desired output. Keep in mind that even if you do not see the executable in your current directory, Go still compiles and produces the executable somewhere, `run`s it, then removes it from the system. I'll explain in a later section of this article. + +``` +$ go run hello.go +Hello World +$ +$ ls +hello.go +$ +``` + +### Under the hood + +The above commands worked like a breeze to run my program with minimal effort. However, if you want to find out what Go does under the hood to compile these programs, Go provides a `-x` option that prints everything Go does to produce the executable. + +A quick look tells you that Go creates a temporary working directory within `/tmp`, produces the executable, and then moves it to the current directory where the source Go program was present. + +``` +$ go build -x hello.goWORK=/tmp/go-build1944767317mkdir -p $WORK/b001/<< snip >>mkdir -p $WORK/b001/exe/cd ./usr/lib/golang/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/link -o $WORK \/b001/exe/a.out -importcfg $WORK/b001 \/importcfg.link -buildmode=exe -buildid=K26hEYzgDkqJjx2Hf-wz/\ +nDueg0kBjIygx25rYwbK/W-eJaGIOdPEWgwC6o546 \/K26hEYzgDkqJjx2Hf-wz -extld=gcc /root/.cache/go-build /cc \/cc72cb2f4fbb61229885fc434995964a7a4d6e10692a23cc0ada6707c5d3435b-d/usr/lib/golang/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/buildid -w $WORK \/b001/exe/a.out # internalmv $WORK/b001/exe/a.out hellorm -r $WORK/b001/ +``` + +This helps solve the mysteries when a program runs but no resulting executable is created within the current directory. Using `-x `shows that the executable file was indeed created in a` /tmp `working directory and was executed. However, unlike the `build` option, the executable did not move to the current directory, making it appear that no executable was created. + +``` +$ go run -x hello.gomkdir -p $WORK/b001/exe/cd ./usr/lib/golang/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/link -o $WORK/b001 \/exe/hello -importcfg $WORK/b001/importcfg.link -s -w -buildmode=exe -buildid=hK3wnAP20DapUDeuvAAS/E_TzkbzwXz6tM5dEC8Mx \/7HYBzuaDGVdaZwSMEWAa/hK3wnAP20DapUDeuvAAS -extld=gcc \/root/.cache/go-build/75/ \ +7531fcf5e48444eed677bfc5cda1276a52b73c62ebac3aa99da3c4094fa57dc3-d$WORK/b001/exe/hello +Hello World +``` + +### Mimic compilation without producing the executable + +Suppose you don't want to compile the program and produce an actual binary, but you do want to see all steps in the process. You can do so by using the `-n` build option, which prints the steps that it would normally run without actually creating the binary. + +``` +$ go build -n hello.go +``` + +### Save temp directories + +A lot of work happens in the `/tmp` working directory, which is deleted once the executable is created and run. But what if you want to see which files were created in the compilation process? Go provides a ``-work`` option that can be used when compiling a program. The ``-work`` option prints the working directory path in addition to running the program, but it doesn't delete the working directory afterward, so you can move to that directory and examine all the files created during the compile process. + +``` +$ go run -work hello.goWORK=/tmp/go-build3209320645 +Hello World +$ +$ find /tmp/go-build3209320645/tmp/go-build3209320645/tmp/go-build3209320645/b001/tmp/go-build3209320645/b001/importcfg.link/tmp/go-build3209320645/b001/exe/tmp/go-build3209320645/b001/exe/hello +$ +$ /tmp/go-build3209320645/b001/exe/hello +Hello World +$ +``` + +### Alternative compilation options + +What if, instead of using the build/run magic of Go, you want to compile the program by hand and end up with an executable that can be run directly by your operating system (in this case, Linux)? This process can be divided into two parts: compile and link. Use the `tool` option to see how it works. + +First, use the `tool compile` option to produce the resulting `ar` `ar`chive file, which contains the `.o` intermediate file. Next, use the `tool link` option on this hello`.o` file to produce the final executable, which can then run. + +``` +$ go tool compile hello.go +$ +$ file hello.o +hello.o: current ar archive +$ +$ ar t hello.o +__.PKGDEF +_go_.o +$ +$ go tool link -o hello hello.o +$ +$ file hello +hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped +$ +$ ./hello +Hello World +$ +``` + +To peek further into the link process of producing the executable from the `hello.o` file, you can use the `-v` option, which searches for the `runtime.a` file included in every Go executable. + +``` +$ go tool link -v -o hello hello.o +HEADER = -H5 -T0x401000 -R0x1000 +searching for runtime.a in /usr/lib/golang/pkg/linux_amd64/runtime.a82052 symbols, 18774 reachable +        1 package symbols, 1106 hashed symbols, 77185 non-package symbols, 3760 external symbols81968 liveness data +$ +``` + +### Cross-compilation options + +Now that I've explained the compilation of a Go program, I'll demonstrate how Go allows you to `build` an executable targeted at different hardware architectures and operating systems by providing two environment variables—GOOS and GOARCH—before the actual `build` command. + +Why does this matter? You can see an example when an executable produced for the ARM (aarch64) architecture won't run on an Intel (x86_64) architecture and produces an Exec format error. + +These options make it trivial to produce cross-platform binaries. + +``` +$ GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build hello.go +$ +$ file ./hello +./hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, ARM aarch64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped +$ +$ ./hello +bash: ./hello: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error +$ +$ uname -m +x86_64 +$ +``` + +You can read my earlier blog post about my experiences with [cross-compilation using Go][3] to learn more. + +### View underlying assembly instructions + +The source code is not directly converted to an executable, though it generates an intermediate assembly format which is then assembled into an executable. In Go, this is mapped to an intermediate assembly format rather than the underlying hardware assembly instructions. + +To view this intermediate assembly format, use `-gcflags` followed by `-S` given to the build command. This command shows the assembly instructions. + +``` +$ go build -gcflags="-S" hello.go# command-line-arguments"".main STEXT size=138 args=0x0 locals=0x58 funcid=0x0 +        0x0000 00000 (/test/hello.go:5) TEXT    "".main(SB), ABIInternal, $88-0 +        0x0000 00000 (/test/hello.go:5) MOVQ    (TLS), CX +        0x0009 00009 (/test/hello.go:5) CMPQ    SP, 16(CX) +        0x000d 00013 (/test/hello.go:5) PCDATA  $0, $-2 +        0x000d 00013 (/test/hello.go:5) JLS     128<< snip >> +$ +``` + +You can also use the `objdump -s` option, as shown below, to see the assembly instructions for an executable program that was already compiled. + +``` +$ ls +hello  hello.go +$ +$ +$ go tool objdump -s main.main hello +TEXT main.main(SB) /test/hello.go +  hello.go:5            0x4975a0                64488b0c25f8ffffff      MOVQ FS:0xfffffff8, CX                  +  hello.go:5            0x4975a9                483b6110                CMPQ 0x10(CX), SP                       +  hello.go:5            0x4975ad                7671                    JBE 0x497620                            +  hello.go:5            0x4975af                4883ec58                SUBQ $0x58, SP                          +  hello.go:6            0x4975d8                4889442448              MOVQ AX, 0x48(SP)                       << snip >> +$ +``` + +### Strip binaries to reduce their size + +Go binaries are typically large. For example, a simple Hello World program produces a 1.9M-sized binary. + +``` +$ go build hello.go +$ +$ du -sh hello +1.9M    hello +$ +$ file hello +hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped +$ +``` + +To reduce the size of the resulting binary, you can strip off information not needed during execution. Using `-ldflags` followed by `-s -w` flags makes the resulting binary slightly lighter, at 1.3M. + +``` +$ go build -ldflags="-s -w" hello.go +$ +$ du -sh hello +1.3M    hello +$ +$ file hello +hello: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped +$ +``` + +### Conclusion + +I hope this article introduced you to some handy Go build options that can help you understand the Go compilation process better. For additional information on the build process and other interesting options available, refer to the help section: + +``` +$ go help build +``` + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/go-build-options + +作者：[Gaurav Kamathe][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/gkamathe +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/build_structure_tech_program_code_construction.png +[2]: https://go.dev/doc/install +[3]: https://opensource.com/article/21/1/go-cross-compiling From 8baab0b0a5e90737223da7167faefee2fe6701b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Tue, 19 Apr 2022 21:20:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 86/94] =?UTF-8?q?[=E7=94=B3=E9=A2=86=E5=8E=9F=E6=96=87][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220416=20Disable=20Animations=20in=20Cinnamon=20Deskto?= =?UTF-8?q?p=20to=20Slightly=20Speed=20Up=20Your=20Linux=20Mint=20System.m?= =?UTF-8?q?d?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...namon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md b/sources/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md index d1dca4db85..2afc3e3d3c 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/disable-animations-cinnamon-desktop/" [#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "lkxed" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From a7a0c54a6bfcef4f59acc80b16b16df771239b53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Wed, 20 Apr 2022 05:02:32 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 87/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220420=20Nu?= =?UTF-8?q?shell:=20Cross-platform=20Shell=20That=20Gives=20You=20More=20C?= =?UTF-8?q?larity=20on=20Error=20Messages?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220420 Nushell- Cross-platform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages.md --- ...ives You More Clarity on Error Messages.md | 114 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 114 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220420 Nushell- Cross-platform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220420 Nushell- Cross-platform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages.md b/sources/tech/20220420 Nushell- Cross-platform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2424ac2e48 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220420 Nushell- Cross-platform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages.md @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +[#]: subject: "Nushell: Cross-platform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/nushell/" +[#]: author: "Marco Carmona https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Nushell: Cross-platform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages +====== + +_**Brief:** Nushell is a unique type of shell that provides easy-to-read error messages and offers cross-platform support. Find out more about it here._ + +Even if you are not interested in using the terminal, the Linux terminal often makes some of the heavy lifting more effortless and lets you fix stuff. So, is safe to say that the Linux terminal is pretty powerful if you know what you’re doing. + +And that is true! But the problem appears when you get an error. If you don’t have enough experience using it, you won’t know how to solve it. + +While the error messages try to convey the best meaning of the problem, not every user can easily decode the fix. It usually takes a bit of research for beginners. But, if the error can have more clarity, the user could be able to fix it sooner. + +Not just limited to the error message, the structure of the output you get in your terminal to browse files, for example, is not the prettiest. + +![Terminal listing several files][1] + +**Do you see what I mean?** Of course, this could become more complex when you have more files of distinct types. And, you get no idea about file permissions, groups, etc with the output you get with the basic ls command. + +That’s where Nushell tries to solve the problem. + +### Nushell: A Shell That Provides User-Friendly Output by Default + +![Nushell example screenshot][2] + +Nu, as it’s also called, it takes its philosophy and inspiration from projects like [PowerShell][3], functional programming languages, and modern [CLI][4] tools. + +Let me give you an example, imagine you want to list only the output with a type equal to the file inside your home directory, including the hidden files. Well, to achieve this it is as easy as just typing the following command: + +``` + + ls -a | where type == 'file' + +``` + +![Listing only files with Nushell][5] + +Observe how clear and simple its syntax is; now imagine how easy it could be to find the process and name ID, its status, and CPU or memory consumed with the Nushell. **It’s part of its magic!** + +It tries its best to provide user-friendly output for the commands you enter, organized in a specific structure. + +### Features of Nushell + +![Error messages in Nu, one of its primary highlights][6] + +As per the official information available, some of its most popular features include: + + * **Pipelines to control any OS.** Nu works on Linux, macOS, and Windows. In other words, being a flexible cross-platform shell with a modern feel. + * **Everything is data.** Nu pipelines use structured data, so you can safely select, filter, and sort the same way every time. + * **Powerful plugins.** It’s easy to extend Nu functionalities using a powerful plugin system. + * **Easy to read error messages.** Nu operates on typed data, so it catches bugs that other shells don’t. And when things break, Nu tells you exactly where and why. + * Clean IDE support. + + + +You can take a look at its [official documentation][7] for a thorough look at its features and usage. + +### Installing Nushell in your system + +Unfortunately, if you’re an Ubuntu user like me, you won’t find an apt repository to install Nushell. But, you can build it by installing the required dependencies, as per its instructions on [GitHub][8]. + +Fortunately, there is a way to install it on any distro, using **Homebrew**. Head to its official website to explore more installation options. + +[Nushell][9] + +You can refer to our tutorial on [installing and using Homebrew Package Manager on Linux][10]. Once you successfully set it up on Linux, you need to type in the following command to install Nushell: + +``` + + brew install nushell + +``` + +![Installing nushell with Homebrew][11] + +Once the process is finished, just type `nu` to start the Nushell shell. **That’s it!** + +If you’d like to set Nushell as your default shell, you can do it with the command **chsh**, but remember, it is still in development, that’s why we do not recommend it for everyday use. + +However, you can explore more about it on its website or the [GitHub page][8] before you decide to try it. + +What do you think about this interesting shell? Let me know your thoughts in the comments down below. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/nushell/ + +作者：[Marco Carmona][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Terminal-with-several-files-800x477.png +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Nushell-example-800x475.jpg +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/microsoft-open-sources-powershell/ +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/gui-cli-tui/ +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Listing-only-files-with-nushell-800x246.png +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Error-messages-in-Nu-800x259.png +[7]: https://www.nushell.sh/book/ +[8]: https://github.com/nushell/nushell +[9]: https://www.nushell.sh/ +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/homebrew-linux/ +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Installing-nushell-with-brew-800x470.png From e3f16a59f09023f33af74f589e2e7713835f01fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Wed, 20 Apr 2022 05:02:50 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 88/94] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98[tech]:=2020220419=20Di?= =?UTF-8?q?fference=20Between=20Ubuntu=2022.04=20and=20Ubuntu=2020.04=20LT?= =?UTF-8?q?S?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20220419 Difference Between Ubuntu 22.04 and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md --- ...tween Ubuntu 22.04 and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md | 176 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 176 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20220419 Difference Between Ubuntu 22.04 and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220419 Difference Between Ubuntu 22.04 and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md b/sources/tech/20220419 Difference Between Ubuntu 22.04 and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..463d4add2d --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220419 Difference Between Ubuntu 22.04 and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ +[#]: subject: "Difference Between Ubuntu 22.04 and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/difference-ubuntu-22-04-20-04/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Difference Between Ubuntu 22.04 and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS +====== +A LIST OF 10 SIGNIFICANT FEATURE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN UBUNTU 20.04 AND +UBUNTU 22.04 LTS FOR FOLKS TRANSITIONING FROM LTS TO LTS. +If you are a [Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa][1] user and plan to upgrade or install the latest [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish”][2], this guide is for you. The primary aspect is there are significant and structural changes between these two LTS versions which is somewhat rare in terms of LTS releases. In one go, a lot changed if you compare both the LTS releases. + +So, with that in mind, in this guide, we give you ten pointers that address the fundamental changes from an average user perspective and give you a heads up before you try the new Jammy Jellyfish. + +### Ubuntu 22.04 LTS vs Ubuntu 20.04 LTS – Feature Difference + +#### 1\. Logo, Colors and Plymouth + +The first visual change that you notice is the base accent colour of Ubuntu changes to more “Orange” compared to two earlier “brown-orange”. Also, Canonical changed the Ubuntu official logo from this release onwards, and it is visible right from the Plymouth animation while booting. The new logo may look a little strange while you look at it for the first time, but it grows into you, eventually. I feel it’s a distinct logo in its way. + +![New Ubuntu logo and Plymouth][3] + +#### 2\. Installation + +The default Ubuntu installer did not see any additional changes. We hoped that the new [Flutter based installer][4] would land, but it didn’t. With that said, the steps to installation remain the same. The only difference you may notice is the accent colour and cosmetic changes on the dialogue boxes and controls. Functionality wise, there is no change in the installation steps. + +![Colour differences between two LTS Versions][5] + +#### 3\. Lock and Login Screen, Desktop First look and Wallpaper + +Furthermore, the lock and login screen colour gradient changes with more fine and borderless controls for the password box. The apparent difference is the stunning Jammy Jellyfish default wallpaper when you first log in. The desktop “Home” shortcut is renamed as Home than that of your username, and the Trash shortcut now goes to the left dock with a separator in the new Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. + +In addition to that, the top bar didn’t change much. However, the system tray menu is little organised with more spacing and separators. There are mainly the changes coming from the [GNOME 42][6] changes. + +The Calendar menu remained almost the same between both the LTS versions. + +![Ubuntu 20.04 Vs Ubuntu 22.04 – Login Screen][7] + +![Ubuntu 20.04 Vs Ubuntu 22.04 – Lock Screen][8] + +![Difference between Ubuntu 20.04 and Ubuntu 22.04 – default look][9] + +#### 4\. Desktop Layouts and GNOME Version Upgrades + +The significant difference that users would see visually is the GNOME version change – GNOME 3.36 vs the GNOME 42. This is the significant difference that all users migrating to current LTS would face. The Ubuntu 22.04 LTS with GNOME 42 brings a horizontal workspace view alongside the horizontal application view. So, it would be a little weird to feel first time migrating from vertical to horizontal gestures. But you get used to it within a day or two. + +If you use touch-based Laptops or screens, then the GNOME 42 gestures would give you some fluid feel with a bit of learning. Here’s how the desktop, applications and workspace view looks side by side. + +![Activities View Difference – Ubuntu 20.04 and 22.04][10] + +![Application View Difference – Ubuntu 20.04 and 22.04][11] + +#### 5\. New Appearance Style with Accent Color + +Moreover, one particular change which I would like to highlight here is new settings for light and dark modes. Earlier Ubuntu had three options for desktop looks – light, dark and a mixed one – Standard. This is completely changed and replaced by the GNOME 42’s built-in light and dark mode. In addition to that, a new Accent colour option is introduced (which is not part of vanilla GNOME 42) that enables you to change the colour across the desktop based on a selection of palettes. + +However, you can not choose the custom accent colour yet, like KDE Plasma 🥰. Most of these changes come with the recent libadwaita and GTK4 port of GNOME Shell and native applications. + +When you apply the dark mode in Ubuntu 22.04 – it applies automatically to all the supported applications. This is one of the fundamental differences with the Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. + +![Accent Color and other changes][12] + +![How Accent colour change impact looks in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][13] + +#### 6\. File Manager + +The Files file manager version changes from 3.36.x to 42 in this release. The difference you see is the more compact design, well-defined spacing between controls and texts, and the top bar widgets style, thanks to GTK4 and underlying bug fixes. The address bar in Files is a little different, with a separator between directories, and the hamburger menu is at the end. Although, these minor changes would not impact much, and you may not feel much difference between the two LTS releases. + +![Files Difference – Ubuntu 20.04 vs 22.04][14] + +#### 7\. Screenshot Workflow difference between Ubuntu 22.04 and 20.04 + +Another notable change that requires a little learning for migrating users is how screenshots are captured. It changes completely. Earlier, you hit print-screen from the keyboard to take a screenshot and save the image file automatically in your Pictures folder. The workflow is different now with GNOME 42’s built-in screenshot and screen-recorder tool. + +[][15] + +SEE ALSO:   Ubuntu Budgie 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details + +So, when you try to take a screenshot in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, you see a screen below which gives you all the options, such as a screenshot of an area, an entire desktop or a specific window. Moreover, you have the option to show the cursor in a screenshot or want to record the screen. And when you hit the capture button, the tool saves the image file in the Pictures folder and in your clipboard. + +![New Screenshot tool in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][16] + +Overall, an additional step change for your earlier workflow. + +You get a new context menu, “Take a screenshot”, on the top bar right-click menu of all the application windows. + +![Take Screenshot option in top bar menu][17] + +#### 8\. Firefox Web Browser as Snap in Ubuntu 22.04 + +In addition to the above changes, the Firefox is now a snap version in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS if you compare it with the prior LTS version. The Firefox 97 in Ubuntu 20.04 was a deb package. So, if you are an average user, you may not see much difference. + +However, Firefox Snap runs in a sandbox mode, which means users may face trouble while installing GNOME Extensions and may feel slow performance due to Snap in the same hardware used by Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. + +I think it would be interesting to see how this significant snap migration of the most used applications of Ubuntu plays out in the coming days. + +#### 9\. Difference in Settings Window between Ubuntu 22.04 and 20.04 + +Furthermore, a new panel is introduced in Settings, i.e. Multitasking. The Multitasking panel gives you options to tweak the hot corners and active screen edges. In addition to that, you can now specify the fixed number of workspace you want with the option to remove the empty workspace automatically. Other than that, if you use multiple displays, you have now options to show workspaces in the primary display or all displays. + +![New Multitasking Panel in Settings][18] + +#### 10\. Flavours and Application Updates + +In addition to the above differences, the Software application changes bring different responsive looks and adapt to any form factor. The Software also brings a more different home page with the arrangement of applications as per categories and editor choice section. + +Furthermore, the details page of any software shows essential information in a distinguishable manner with details such as total download size, ratings, safe marker and image carousels. + +![GNOME Software – Home page difference][19] + +![GNOME Software – Details page difference][20] + +Finally, the under the hood differences between these two releases are spread across the packages, official desktop environment flavours and bug fixes. Here’s a quick summary of important packages. + +**20.04** | **22.04** +---|--- +GCC 10.3 | GCC 11.2 +Hplip 3.20.3 | Hplip 3.21.12 +LibreOffice 6.4.7 | LibreOffice 7.3.2 +[not introduced] | Pipewire 0.3.48 +Python3 3.8.2 | Python3 3.10.1 +Samba 4.13 | Samba 4.15 +Systemd 245.4 | Systemd 249.11 + +### Summary + +To conclude the difference between Ubuntu 20.04 LTS and Ubuntu 22.04, I am compelled to say; that it is one of the biggest LTS releases from Ubuntu in terms of visual and feature changes. + +I hope this guide showing the difference between Ubuntu 20.04 LTS and Ubuntu 22.04 gives you and many users a starting point on what to expect on their journey of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and beyond. + +Cheers. + +* * * + +We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][21], [Twitter][22], [YouTube][23], and [Facebook][24] and never miss an update! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/difference-ubuntu-22-04-20-04/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/08/ubuntu-20-04-3-release/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/New-Ubuntu-logo-and-playmouth.jpg +[4]: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-desktop-installer +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Colour-differences-between-two-LTS-Versions.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/gnome-42-release/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-20.04-Vs-Ubuntu-22.04-Lock-and-Login-Screen-1024x431.jpg +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-20.04-Vs-Ubuntu-22.04-Lock-Screen-1024x408.jpg +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Difference-between-Ubuntu-20.04-and-Ubuntu-22.04-default-look-1024x421.jpg +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Activities-View-Difference-Ubuntu-20.04-and-22.04-1024x425.jpg +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Application-View-Difference-Ubuntu-20.04-and-22.04-1024x420.jpg +[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Accent-Color-and-other-changes-1024x417.jpg +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/How-Accent-colour-change-impact-looks-in-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.jpg +[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Files-Difference-Ubuntu-20.04-vs-22.04-1024x359.jpg +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-budgie-22-04-lts/ +[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/New-Screenshot-tool-in-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS.jpg +[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Take-Screenshot-option-in-top-bar-menu.jpg +[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/New-Multitasking-Panel-in-Settings.jpg +[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GNOME-Software-Home-page-difference-1024x416.jpg +[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GNOME-Software-Details-page-difference-1024x417.jpg +[21]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[22]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[23]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[24]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint From 30ef862d2f84e0ecd83430cbb53d394c64b30c4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Wed, 20 Apr 2022 08:20:47 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 89/94] RP @robsean https://linux.cn/article-14490-1.html --- ...-Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md | 64 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-) rename {translated/tech => published}/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md (51%) diff --git a/translated/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md b/published/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md similarity index 51% rename from translated/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md rename to published/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md index e29d4d4dde..4c43ff989f 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md +++ b/published/20220415 How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 -Jammy Jellyfish- From Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.md @@ -3,14 +3,18 @@ [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "robsean" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14490-1.html" 如何从 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 “Jammy Jellyfish” ====== -这里是你从 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 升级到 Ubuntu 之前，你所需要采取的完整步骤和预防措施。 -[Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish][1] 将在2022年04月21日发布。我建议你在04月21日之后的一两个月后再升级。理想的情况下，如果你在第一次修正版本发布后，才计划升级到任意主要版本，这会是最好的选择。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/20/081835mfrb93flhqrz9dou.jpg) +s +> 本文介绍从 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 升级到 Ubuntu 之前，你所需要采取的完整步骤和预防措施。 + +[Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish][1] 将在 2022 年 4 月 21 日发布。我建议你在该日期之后的一两个月后再升级。理想的情况下，如果你在第一次修正版本发布后，才计划升级到任意主要版本，这会是最好的选择。 但是，如果你迫切想要体验 Ubuntu 22.04 带来的令人震惊的更改和特色功能，那么，接下来请阅读用于完美升级过程的步骤。 @@ -18,55 +22,47 @@ 在任何升级前，遵循一些最佳的惯例总是更加明智的。这会防止出现一些升级后的问题，并引领通往成功的升级流程。 - * 备份你的 home 目录中的数据到另一个驱动器或 USB 存储器，包括：图片、视频或其他的个人文件。 - * 如果你在一个不稳定的系统中运行，保持在 [Ubuntu 的 LIVE USB ][2] 系统之中。 + * 备份你的家目录中的数据到另一个驱动器或 USB 存储器，包括：图片、视频或其他的个人文件。 + * 如果你遇到一个不稳定的系统行，请保留一个准备好的 [Ubuntu 的现场 USB][2]。 * 如果你打算升级 GNOME 工作站，请先禁用所有的 GNOME 扩展，因为这些扩展与 GNOME 3.36+ 不兼容。 - * 在成功的升级后，你可以一次启用一个扩展。 - * 运行命令 `sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade` 以确保你的系统是最新的软件包 + * 在成功的升级后，你可以逐一启用这些扩展。 + * 运行命令 `sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade` 以确保你的系统是最新的软件包。 * 关闭所有你正在运行的应用程序。 * 重新启动你的系统。 - - -话虽如此，如果你准备好了，接下来遵循下面的指令来从 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 。 +说到这里，如果你准备好了，接下来遵循下面的说明来从 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 。 ### 从 Ubuntu 20.04 和 Ubuntu 21.10 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 -#### 在2022年04月21日之前 +#### 在 2022 年 4 月 21 日之前 如果你想在发布日期前升级，打开一个终端窗口，并运行下面的命令。 ``` - - sudo do-release-upgrade -d - +sudo do-release-upgrade -d ``` ![Upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS from Ubuntu 20.04 LTS][3] -上面的命令将系统地使用 "jammy" 来覆盖 "focal" 分支以获取新的软件包。不仅如此，这个命令也会禁用你这些年所可能添加的所有的第三方 PPA 。 +上面的命令将使用 “jammy” 来覆盖系统中的 “focal” 分支，以获取新的软件包。不仅如此，这个命令也会禁用你这些年可能添加的所有的第三方 PPA 。 此外，这个命令将花费一些时间才完成，这主要取决于你的网速。 -除此之外，注意终端上偶尔出现的提示，它需要你输入 Y 或 N 。另外，如果你中途取消升级过程，这些第三方 PPA 也将会被禁用。因此，你必须手动启用它们。 +除此之外，注意终端上偶尔出现的提示，它需要你输入 `Y` 或 `N` 。另外，如果你中途取消升级过程，这些第三方 PPA 也不会被启用，你必须手动启用它们。 ![Summary of the upgrade][4] -最后，这个命令将计算升级系统所需软件包的大小，并给予你估算所需时间的概述，如下图所示。请仔细地阅读它，并给予升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish 的权限。 - -[][5] - -请参考: Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish 每日构建版本现在已经可用 +最后，这个命令将计算升级系统所需软件包的大小，并估算所需时间，摘要如下图所示。请仔细地阅读它，并允许升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish。 在升级过程完成后，重新启动你的系统，享受令人兴奋的 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 。 -#### 在2022年04月21日之后 +#### 在 2022 年 4 月 21 日之后 -在2022年04月21日当天或之后，直到2022年07月第一次修正版本发布，Ubuntu 都不会给予你任何关于升级的可见的提示，因为在解决了最初错误后的第一次修正版本会被认为是最稳定的版本。 +在 2022 年 4 月 21 日当天或之后，直到 2022 年 07 月第一次修正版本发布，Ubuntu 都不会给予你任何可视化的升级提示，因为第一个修改版本被认为是初始错误被消除后最稳定的版本。 -这意味着，你要么等到07月，你要么强制升级。如何强制升级？打开软件包和更新，转到更新标签页。更改“通知我新的 ubuntu 版本Settings notify me of new ubuntu version” 为 “任意新的 ubuntu 版本any new version”。 +这意味着，你要么等到 7 月，你要么强制升级。如何强制升级？打开“软件和更新Software and Updates”，转到“更新Updates”标签页。更改“通知我有新的 Ubuntu 版本Settings notify me of new ubuntu version” 为 “任意新的 Ubuntu 版本any new version”。 -在你完成后，你应该会在桌面上看到一个升级提示。遵循屏幕上的指令，接着继续升级过程。 +在完成后，你应该会在桌面上看到一个升级提示。遵循屏幕上的指示，接着继续升级过程。 这个提示也会计算升级系统所列软件包所需的时间，因此，仔细的阅读更新程序的输出内容。在你准备好了以后，开始升级过程。 @@ -74,22 +70,18 @@ #### 从 Ubuntu 21.10 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 -针对 Ubuntu 21.10 ，你也可以参考上面严格的指令来升级。从 Ubuntu 21.10 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 不需要额外的步骤。 +针对 Ubuntu 21.10 ，你也可以参考上面确切说明来升级。从 Ubuntu 21.10 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 不需要额外的步骤。 -#### 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 的过程将花费多长的时间? +#### 升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 的过程需要多长的时间? -根据我的测试，在默认安装的情况下，整个升级过程需要30多分钟。对于你的系统来说，安装时间可能会更多一些，这取决于你安装的软件包的多少，以及你所安装 ubuntu 版本的时间。因此，相应地计划你的时间。 +根据我的测试，在默认安装的情况下，整个升级过程需要 30 多分钟。根据你安装的软件包的数量和安装的年限，你的系统可能会更多。因此，相应地计划你的时间。 ### 总结 -最后，我希望这些步骤能帮助你成功地升级你的 Ubuntu 系统为 Jammy Jellyfish 。如果你正在打算升级，祝你一切顺利。 +最后，我希望这些步骤能帮助你成功地升级你的 Ubuntu 系统到 Jammy Jellyfish 。如果你正在打算升级，祝你一切顺利。 请在下面的评论区中告诉我升级过程是如何进行的。 -* * * - -我们带来最新的科技、软件新闻和重要的题材。通过 [Telegram][6]、[Twitter][7]、[YouTube][8] 和 [Facebook][8] 保持联系、不错过一次更新! - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/upgrade-ubuntu-22-04-from-20-04/ @@ -97,7 +89,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/upgrade-ubuntu-22-04-from-20-04/ 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From 656fb52a5b8cf92af72badf46f35e22a9c5f2489 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Wed, 20 Apr 2022 08:52:04 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 90/94] RP @lkxed https://linux.cn/article-14491-1.html --- ...Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md | 20 +++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) rename {translated/news => published}/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md (75%) diff --git a/translated/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md b/published/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md similarity index 75% rename from translated/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md rename to published/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md index 5e14c3edc9..68142562e4 100644 --- a/translated/news/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md +++ b/published/20220415 Elon Musk Believes Twitter Algorithm Should Be Open-Source.md @@ -3,16 +3,20 @@ [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14491-1.html" 埃隆·马斯克认为推特的算法应该开源 ====== +> 埃隆·马斯克希望推特开源他们的算法。这会促进言论自由吗？以下是他的说法。 + +![](https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/elon-musk-twitter-algorithm-opensource.jpg) + 没错，埃隆·马斯克又搞了一个大新闻，这已经算是他的日常操作了。 -然而，这一次的新闻非常有趣。他提出了要以大约 **430 亿美元**收购推特。 +然而，这一次的新闻非常有趣。他提出了要以大约 **430 亿美元** 收购推特。 从技术上讲，他的报价远远超过了市场价格，这也就是为什么许多媒体称他这是在试图“恶意收购”。 @@ -32,15 +36,15 @@ 这里引用他的原话： -> _因此，我认为推特应该做的事情之一就是开源它的算法，所有推文的修改都应该是透明的，任何人都可以看到这个修改，哪怕是加粗一段文字或是取消加粗它。这样一来，幕后操纵将不复存在，无论是算法还是人工。_” +> “因此，我认为推特应该做的事情之一就是开源它的算法，所有推文的修改都应该是透明的，任何人都可以看到这个修改，哪怕是加粗一段文字或是取消加粗它。这样一来，幕后操纵将不复存在，无论是算法还是人工。” -另一方面，当我们把推特当作一个某种程度上的开源平台来谈论时，我不由自主地想到了 [Mastodon][7]。你也可以在[Mastodon][8] 上找到我们，如果你还没有用过它的话。 +另一方面，当我们把推特当作一个某种程度上的开源平台来谈论时，我不由自主地想到了 [Mastodon][7]。你也可以在 [Mastodon][8] 上找到我们，如果你还没有用过它的话。 诚然，推特有很大的增长潜力，无论好坏，它都在不断扩张。但是，开源理念能否帮助这个平台？我个人认为可以，但这是一个巨大的变革，不能指望一夜之间就能实现。 当然，即使埃隆·马斯克成功地收购了推特，也没有人能够预测他会对推特做什么。说实话，他就像任何复杂算法一样不可预测。 -_那么，你是如何看待这个新闻的呢？你相信埃隆·马斯克说的话吗？欢迎在下面的评论中分享你的想法。_ +那么，你是如何看待这个新闻的呢？你相信埃隆·马斯克说的话吗？欢迎在下面的评论中分享你的想法。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -49,7 +53,7 @@ via: https://news.itsfoss.com/elon-musk-twitter-open-source/ 作者：[Ankush Das][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From a4d450bba6dee2a55a0e440043336d5e2d9a905a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Wed, 20 Apr 2022 09:28:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 91/94] translated --- ...20417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md | 69 ------------------ ...20417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md | 70 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 70 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 143f097c54..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,69 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How I scan family photos on Linux" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/4/scan-family-photos-linux" -[#]: author: "Alan Formy-Duval https://opensource.com/users/alanfdoss" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How I scan family photos on Linux -====== -With Linux, I can connect with my ancestors in unexpected ways. - -![Camera][1] - -Image by: - -PublicDomainPictures. CC0. - -Linux isn't just something that runs on servers and powers the internet. It's a safe place for your data, your family history and memories, working or having fun, and real life. - -Case in point: Right now I'm in the middle of a project scanning old family photos. I have been using Fedora Linux with the GNOME desktop for a few years, so I didn't have to install any additional software packages. I just plug my scanner into the USB port, start up the scanning software (Document Scanner), and I'm good to go. Keep reading to see how I did it. - -### Digitizing memories - -Many people are interested in learning more about their family history, ancestry, and legacy. With the technology now available, digitizing old artifacts has become a common practice. Whether it's your 1980s cassette collection, high school artwork, or old family photos, putting them into a digital format is a modern method of preservation and future proofing. - -My mom recently gave me some photos of some of my ancestors, so I have several images that I want to preserve. Scanning them not only provides a certain sense of permanence but also allows me to manipulate them in ways that were unheard of in the era when they were captured. For instance, I have a photo of my grandfather, who unfortunately passed a few years before my birth. By digitizing his photo, I can zoom in, get to know him, and maybe relate to him in a way that otherwise would be impossible. - -### Workflow - -The first thing to do is plug my Canon scanner into the USB port. When I open Document Scanner, it detects my Canon LiDE 210 scanner. Next, I place the photo onto the flatbed scanner. I adjust the settings for 2400 DPI image resolution to ensure I capture every detail. - -Then I click scan. At this resolution the scan may take a while, but once it is complete, I can crop the image as needed and save it. - -By the way, as I scan my photos and write this article, I'm also enjoying some of my favorite music with [Clementine][2], an open source audio player—on the same computer. Performance hit? Not a bit! - -Once scanning is complete, I've also got the option of cropping the image and saving it as a PDF, JPG, or whatever format I choose. - -### Real life - -Allow me to introduce my grandfather and my Uncle George, circa 1944. George was a World War II vet having seen action in Europe battling the Nazis. My grandfather, on the right, was the foreman of a southeastern North Carolina lumber mill. While he didn't see the battlefield, he was in charge of captured Nazi POWs assigned to work at his mill. He described them as young boys that just wanted to go home to their families. - -![Scan of photo of my grandfather][3] - -Image by: - -(Alan Formy-Duval, CC BY-SA 4.0) - -### Final thoughts - -As a dedicated Linux desktop user, I sometimes hear people say they don't use Linux because there are certain tasks it can't perform. Linux is all I use, and I haven't had that problem for roughly 14 years and counting. Whether you're looking for a pleasant pastime or a way to be more productive, there's likely a solution for you that runs on Linux. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/scan-family-photos-linux - -作者：[Alan Formy-Duval][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/alanfdoss -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/camera-photography-film.jpg -[2]: https://opensource.com/life/16/10/4-open-music-players-compared -[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-04/Scanner_Picture2022.png diff --git a/translated/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md b/translated/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7ed8662f7e --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220417 How I scan family photos on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +[#]: subject: "How I scan family photos on Linux" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/4/scan-family-photos-linux" +[#]: author: "Alan Formy-Duval https://opensource.com/users/alanfdoss" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +我如何在 Linux 上扫描家庭照片 +====== +有了 Linux，我可以用意想不到的方式与我的祖先联系。 + +![Camera][1] + +图片由： + +PublicDomainPictures. CC0. + +Linux 不仅仅是在服务器上运行和为互联网提供动力的东西。它是你的数据、你的家庭历史和记忆、工作或娱乐以及现实生活的安全场所。 + +这就是例子：现在我正在进行一个扫描家庭老照片的项目。我使用带有 GNOME 桌面的 Fedora Linux 已经有几年了，所以我不需要安装任何额外的软件包。我只是把扫描仪插入 USB 接口，启动扫描软件（Document Scanner），就可以了。继续阅读，看看我是如何做到的。 + +### 将记忆数字化 + +许多人对了解他们的家族历史、祖先和遗产感兴趣。随着现在技术的发展，将旧的人工制品数字化已经成为一种普遍的做法。无论是你 80 年代的磁带收藏，还是高中的艺术作品，或者是家庭的老照片，把它们变成数字格式是一种现代的保存和未来证明的方法。 + +我妈妈最近给了我一些祖先的照片，所以我有几张想保存的图片。扫描它们不仅提供了某种意义上的永久性，而且使我能够以在拍摄它们的时代闻所未闻的方式来处理它们。例如，我有一张我祖父的照片，他在我出生前几年不幸去世。通过将他的照片数字化，我可以放大，了解他，并可能以一种原本不可能的方式与他建立联系。 + +### 工作流程 + +首先要做的是把我的佳能扫描仪插入 USB 接口。当我打开 Document Scanner 时，它检测到我的 Canon LiDE 210 扫描仪。接下来，我把照片放到平板扫描仪上。我将设置调整为 2400 DPI 的图像分辨率，以确保我捕捉到每一个细节。 + +然后我点击扫描。在这种分辨率下，扫描可能需要一些时间，但完成后，我可以根据需要裁剪图像并保存它。 + +顺便说一下，在我扫描照片和写这篇文章的时候，我也在用 [Clementine][2]，一个开源的音频播放器在同一台电脑上欣赏我最喜欢的一些音乐。性能受到影响？一点也不。 + +扫描完成后，我还可以选择裁剪图片并将其保存为 PDF、JPG 或任何我选择的格式。 + + +### 现实生活 + +请允许我介绍我的祖父和我的叔叔乔治，大约在 1944 年。乔治是一名二战老兵，曾在欧洲与纳粹作战。我的祖父，在右边，是北卡罗来纳州东南部一家木材厂的工头。虽然他没有看到战场，但他负责分配到他的工厂工作的被俘纳粹战俘。他形容他们是年轻的男孩，只想回家和他们的家人在一起。 + +![Scan of photo of my grandfather][3] + +图片由： + +(Alan Formy-Duval, CC BY-SA 4.0) + +### 最后的想法 + +作为一个专门的 Linux 桌面用户，我有时会听到有人说他们不使用 Linux，因为有一些任务它不能执行。Linux 是我使用的全部，而且在大约 14 年的时间里，我没有遇到这个问题。无论你是在寻找一种愉快的消遣，还是寻找一种提高工作效率的方法，都有可能有一种在 Linux 上运行的解决方案适合你。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/scan-family-photos-linux + +作者：[Alan Formy-Duval][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/alanfdoss +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/camera-photography-film.jpg +[2]: https://opensource.com/life/16/10/4-open-music-players-compared +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-04/Scanner_Picture2022.png From e57287f4a850cdb44ef667c557ddee59c2f87f7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Wed, 20 Apr 2022 09:32:25 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 92/94] translating --- ...tform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220420 Nushell- Cross-platform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages.md b/sources/tech/20220420 Nushell- Cross-platform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages.md index 2424ac2e48..eb56000b60 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220420 Nushell- Cross-platform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages.md +++ b/sources/tech/20220420 Nushell- Cross-platform Shell That Gives You More Clarity on Error Messages.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/nushell/" [#]: author: "Marco Carmona https://itsfoss.com/author/marco/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " From 98d3bedf87e812855e2d81dd789afdc45bfcb771 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lkxed Date: Wed, 20 Apr 2022 14:39:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 93/94] =?UTF-8?q?[=E6=8F=90=E4=BA=A4=E8=AF=91=E6=96=87][te?= =?UTF-8?q?ch]:=2020220416=20Disable=20Animations=20in=20Cinnamon=20Deskto?= =?UTF-8?q?p=20to=20Slightly=20Speed=20Up=20Your=20Linux=20Mint=20System.m?= =?UTF-8?q?d?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...lightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md | 74 ------------------- ...lightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md | 72 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 72 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md b/sources/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2afc3e3d3c..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,74 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System" -[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/disable-animations-cinnamon-desktop/" -[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System -====== - -Let’s face it. - -Cinnamon is already a lightweight desktop environment when compared to the likes of GNOME. But it may not be as light on resources as Xfce. - -If you have a system which is low on hardware and you want a little bit of performance boost without switching to an alternative desktop environment (DE) like Xfce or window manager (WM) like [Sway][1] or [Fluxbox][2]. - -Let me share a neat little trick that should help you speed up Linux Mint but only slightly. - -### Disabling animation effects in Cinnamon desktop - -_**First thing first, you must not expect a drastic improvement in overall desktop performance with this trick. Here’s why!**_ - -These animations or effects (as it is called in Mint) are noticed when you open, close applications windows, use the menu, have dialogue box popped up etc. Since these events do not happen continuously, you don’t get a constant boost. - -Disabling these effects may help reduce the stutters if your system is really struggling. In those cases, every single bit helps. Let’s see how to do this! - -Open the menu and look for effects here. - -![Accessing Effects settings in Linux Mint Cinnamon][3] - -It opens the ‘effects’ settings window and you’ll be at the ‘Enable Effects’ tab. You’ll have the options to disable (or enable) various available animation effects here. - -![Disable animations in cinnamon Linux Mint Cinnamon Desktop][4] - -You can choose to disable some or all effects. - -If you go to the Customize tab, you can customize various effects you saw in the ‘Enable Effects’ tab. - -![Customizing window animation Cinnamon in Linux mint][5] - -The first column is the name of the effect, second one is the type of animation, third one is how the animation progresses and in the last one, you can configure how long the animation will take to complete. - -If you select None, easeNone and 0 duration, it is equivalent to disabling the effect. Though, using the disable option in the other tab is an easier option. - -### Is it worth the effort? - -I wrote this tip because a reader asked if it was possible to customize Cinnamon and disable the animations. - -Quite honestly, it doesn’t take much effort and it doesn’t make much difference. You’ll hardly notice the visual impacts or even the performance improvements. - -However, if your system is struggling a lot, every tiny bit helps. You can also try using lightweight applications that consume fewer system resources. That may also help you a bit. - -Do you have any similar small, ninja tips? Do share with me in the comment sections. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/disable-animations-cinnamon-desktop/ - -作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/sway-window-manager/ -[2]: http://fluxbox.org/ -[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/accessing-effects-settings-mint-cinnamon-800x630.png -[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/disable-animations-cinnamon-Linux-mint-800x466.png -[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/customize-window-animation-cinnamon-linux-mint-800x571.png diff --git a/translated/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md b/translated/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..58b322ce90 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +[#]: subject: "Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/disable-animations-cinnamon-desktop/" +[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +禁用 Cinnamon 桌面的动画以略微加速你的 Linux Mint 系统 +====== + +让我们面对现实吧。 + +与 GNOME 等相比，Cinnamon 已经是一个轻量的桌面环境了。虽然它占用的资源可能没有 Xfce 那么低。 + +不过，如果你有一个硬件不足的系统，并且你想要提升一点性能，而不用切换到 Xfce 等替代性桌面环境（DE）或 [Sway][1]、[Fluxbox][2] 等窗口管理器（WM）的话，我这里倒是有一个实用小技巧可以分享给你。它应该帮助你加快 Linux Mint 的速度，虽然只能够加快一点点。 + +### 禁用 Cinnamon 桌面的动画效果 + +_**首先，你一定不要指望用这个小技巧来大幅提高整体桌面性能。原因如下：**_ + +当你打开/关闭应用程序窗口、使用菜单、弹出对话框等时，你会注意到这些动画animations或效果effects。由于这些事件都是短暂的，不会持续运行，因此禁用它们并不能得到很大提升。 + +如果你的系统真的在崩溃的边缘挣扎，禁用这些效果可能有助于减少卡顿。真的到了这种时候，能快一点是一点。让我们来看看该怎么做吧！ + +首先，打开菜单，搜索效果effects。 + +![打开 Linux Mint Cinnamon 的效果设置][3] + +打开“效果”设置窗口，你默认会在“启用效果Enable Effects”这个标签页中。你可以在这里选择禁用（或启用）各种可用的动画效果。 + +![禁用 Linux Mint Cinnamon 桌面的动画][4] + +你可以选择禁用部分或全部效果。 + +如果你切换到自定义Customize标签页，你可以自定义你在”启用效果Enable Effects“标签页中看到的各种效果。 + +![自定义 Linux Mint Cinnamon 中的窗口动画][5] + +第一栏是效果的名称，第二栏是动画的类型，第三栏是动画的展示方式，在最后一栏，你可以配置动画完成的时间。 + +如果你选择了 None、easeNone 和 0 duration，就相当于禁用了这个效果。不过，使用另一个标签中的禁用选项是一个更简单的选择。 + +### 值得这样做吗？ + +我写这个小技巧的原因是，有读者问我能否定制 Cinnamon 并禁用动画。 + +说实话，这并不费什么劲，而且做了之后也没有多大区别。你几乎不会注意到视觉上的影响，更别说是性能上的改进了。 + +但是，如果你的系统正处于挣扎状态，每一个微小的优化都会有帮助。你也可以尝试使用消耗较少系统资源的轻量级应用程序。这或许对你也有一点帮助。 + +你有任何类似的优化小技巧吗？请在评论区和大家分享吧！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/disable-animations-cinnamon-desktop/ + +作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/sway-window-manager/ +[2]: http://fluxbox.org/ +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/accessing-effects-settings-mint-cinnamon-800x630.png +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/disable-animations-cinnamon-Linux-mint-800x466.png +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/customize-window-animation-cinnamon-linux-mint-800x571.png From 645fd2149680b9d2037a6444c9cee59670ed9587 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8C=97=E6=A2=A6=E5=8D=97=E6=AD=8C?= Date: Wed, 20 Apr 2022 22:59:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 94/94] Translated 20210424 getting started with markdown beginner s guide.md (#25285) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit * translating * Translating * Translating * Translated 翻译完成 * Translated 翻译完成 --- ...Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md | 303 ----------------- ...Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md | 306 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 306 insertions(+), 303 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md b/sources/tech/20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md deleted file mode 100644 index ec7e3ed1e3..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,303 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: (Getting Started With Markdown [Beginner’s Guide]) -[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/) -[#]: author: (Bill Dyer https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/) -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (hwlife) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) - -Getting Started With Markdown [Beginner’s Guide] -====== - -In my work, I often have to write code, write the documentation that goes with that code, create Web pages, and work on text restoration projects, and have written several formal papers while I was in school. I can include class notes here, too; I needed to write them for nearly every class. - -I use Markdown for nearly all of my writing and it is a major time-saver for me. - -In this article, I am going to share my experience with Markdown. You’ll be learning the following: - - * What is Markdown? - * How does it work? - * Markdown basic syntax and how to use them - - - -### What is Markdown? - -If you are new to Markdown, it is a text-to-HTML conversion tool for web writers. Markdown files follow a specific syntax that is easy to read and just as easy to write. They are plain text files so they can be created using any text editor on any computer. These files can then be turned into Web pages – and Web pages are built using a markup called HTML. - -Markdown then, is just a way to create Web pages without the need (or even know how) to write HTML code. Actually, Markdown is an great way to format plain text even if you don’t have to convert to HTML. Someone once described Markdown to me this way: - -> “It isn’t _what you see is what you get_, but _what you see is what you mean_”. - -Markdown, however, is more than an easy formatting scheme, it is also a software tool that converts the plain text formatting to HTML. - -This is why the syntax is important. If you want a title on your Web page, Markdown will create one based on the character(s) you use in front of your title. A sampling of some of Markdown’s syntax is shown this screenshot: - -![Markdown to HTML conversion][1] - -### So how do I make this plain text to HTML conversion? - -John Gruber’s Markdown is a Perl script that is run on the command line. Basically, it reads the Markdown text that you create and builds a Web page from it. - -I will avoid the command line here since there are [many outstanding Markdown editors][2] that can do this conversion for you. Not only that, many of these editors will let you write your text and show you what the Web page will look like (called _rendering_) at the same time. - -Markdown editors are generally set up to show two frames. The left frame is where you write your text and the right frame shows you what the formatted text will look like in HTML: - -![Most Markdown editors have two panes to write and preview the text][3] - -When you are finished with your text and are happy with it, simply save the Markdown file. This way, you’ll always have it in case you need to edit or rewrite later. Once the file is saved, you can have the editor export the markdown file to HTML. - -The editor will create the Web page, using your Markdown as a reference. Your Markdown file will not be changed during an export – you will still have it – along with a separate, newly created HTML (Web page) file that you can put on a Web server. - -**Note**: Many Markdown editors can also export your Markdown files to other formats, such as `.doc`, `.docx`, and `.pdf`. You can learn about those advanced setups, and extra software you might need, later on. - -### Basic Markdown Syntax - -To get the new Markdown user up to speed quickly, I will limit this to cover the syntax I use most often. These, I believe will be the most helpful – you can be productive now while you learn more about what Markdown can do for you later on. - -#### Write Headings - -I normally use `#` characters to denote headings. There are six levels: - -``` -# Level 1 Heading -## Level 2 Heading -### Level 3 Heading -#### Level 4 Heading -##### Level 5 Heading -###### Level 6 Heading -``` - -There is another heading style that uses lines underneath the text. I rarely use this type of heading since I am limited to only two. A double line, which is made with the `=` character, makes a `H1` heading. A single line, made with the `-` character, makes a `H2` heading: - -``` -Level 1 Heading -=============== - -Level 2 Heading ---------------- -``` - -![][4] - -#### Paragraphs - -Paragraphs are separated by a blank line (make sure that there is a blank line between paragraphs). Do not indent the first line at all. Indenting with a `` or `` has a different purpose in Markdown. - -A paragraph is a block of text and should not be indented with spaces or tabs. It can have one line or many lines. To end a paragraph and start a new one, the `` key is hit twice; paragraphs are separated by a blank line. - -![][5] - -#### Line Breaks - -Remember that with paragraphs, a blank line has to separate them and this is done by pressing twice on the `` key. Markdown is strict about it. - -Markdown does not support “hard-wrapped” or “fixed-line-length” paragraphs. That is, hitting the `` key once will not force text to a new line. It may appear so in the editing window, but the HTML won’t show it. - -Yet, there will be times when you may need to break up paragraphs with some way to break up a line. Markdown does have a way to do this but it may seem a little strange at first: **a line break is made by ending a line with two or more spaces and then hitting the `` key once.** - -![][6] - -Here is a working example of a short verse. Each line has two spaces at the end. The last line, since it’s the end of the verse, doesn’t have the extra spaces. Since it’s the end of the verse (paragraph), I hit the `` key twice: - -Baa, baa black sheep, -Have you any wool?. -Yes, sir. Yes, sir. -Three bags full. - -Adding two spaces at the end of a line, to create a line break, can take some getting used to. - -![][7] - -#### Horizontal Rules - -Horizontal rules are great for splitting up text into sections. - -Use three or more dashes `-`, underscores `_`, or asterisks `*` for horizontal rules, like so: - -``` -`---` - -`***` - -`___` -``` - -You can even put spaces between the characters: - -``` -`- - -` -``` - -I do not use horizontal rules very often in articles or papers, but they come in handy for me in journal entries, system logs, and class notes. - -![][8] - -#### Emphasis on text with bold and italics - -When you want a word or phrase to stand out and be noticed, you can either make it bold or italicized. Italics and bold text can be made on one of two ways. The first is by surrounding the text with asterisks `*`, while the second is to use underscores `_`. - -To italicize a word or phrase, surround the text with one underscore or asterisk. To make a word or phrase bold, surround it with two underscores or asterisks: - -``` -This is *italics* made with asterisks. - -This is _italics_ made with underscores. - -This is **bold** made with asterisks. - -This is __bold__ made with underscores. -``` - -Remember to use the same character. An asterisk on one side of a word or phrase, and an underscore on the side, will not work. The same character has to be on both sides of the word or phrase. - -![][9] - -#### Block quotes - -Block quotes are used for direct quotes. If you were writing a blog entry and you wanted to repeat something that Benjamin Franklin said, you could use a block quote. - -A right angle bracket is used to specify a block quote: - -``` -> This is a block quote. - ->> Use two right angle brackets if you want a block quote that is further indented. -``` - -![][10] - -#### Adding links in Markdown - -Links are just plain cool. There are three ways to create links on basic Markdown, but I will only cover two here: Regular links and automatic links. - -The third type of link, called reference links, are supported in basic Markdown and more advanced flavors. I want to get to started quickly. You can look up reference links when you are ready for that. - -Regular links let you link to various websites. The name of the site, or a phrase you want to use, is placed in square brackets `[]`. The actual link is inside parentheses `()`. - -``` -Visit [It's FOSS](https://itsfoss.com) today! -``` - -Automatic links are made with angle brackets `<>` surrounding the link. The link is an actual address (either a Web or email address). The link is spelled out and, when it is converted to HTML, the spelled out link becomes a working link. - -``` - - -<[email protected]> -``` - -This is useful for when you want to spell out the address in your text: - -![][11] - -#### Adding images in Markdown - -Links to images are almost identical to links to Web sites. The small difference between site links and images, is that image links begin with a bang (exclamation point) `!` - -The name of the image, or a descriptive phrase of the image, is placed in square brackets `[]`. The actual link is inside parentheses `()`. - -You can embed images like so: - -``` -![alternate text](./images/image.jpg) -``` - -Here’s an example image link. It is a sample link, with no image, but it is a decent sample of how an actual link might look like: - -``` -![a picture of bill](./images/my_photo_of_me.jpg) -``` - -![][12] - -#### Lists - -Lists are made for many reasons. They can be used as ‘things to do’ items, topic elements in an outline, parts lists in an assembly project, and so on. There are two main types of lists: unordered and ordered. - -Unordered lists are not numbered; these are the ‘bullet items’ we see in many documents. Ordered lists are numbered. - -To create an ordered (numbered) list, just begin each line with a number, like so: - -``` -1. Item one. -2. Item two. -3. Item three. -``` - -Unordered lists are not numbered, but use either an asterisk `*`, a plus sign `+`, or a minus sign `-` at the beginning of each item on the list. I prefer to use either an asterisk or minus sign, but you get to choose: - -``` -* Item one. -+ Item two. -- Item three. -``` - -Sub-items can be added to both ordered and unordered lists by indenting, like so: - -``` -1. Item 1 - 1. Sub-item 1 - 2. Sub-item 2 -2. Item 2 -3. Item 3 -``` - -![][13] - -### Markdown syntax cheat sheet - -For your reference, here is a short listing of Markdown syntax that has been covered in this small introduction. - -If you decide to adopt it as a writing tool, you’ll find that Markdown has the means to simplify writing even more. - -![][14] - -[Download Markdown Cheat Sheet in PDF format][15] - -### Conclusion - -Markdown can do more than what I have described here. A huge percentage of my writing can be accomplished with the Markdown syntax I have covered here – and these are the items I use most often even in more complex projects. - -If all of this seems too simple, it really is that easy. Markdown was built to simply the writing task, but you don’t have to take my word for it. Try it out! There is no need to install a Markdown editor; you can do this online. There are several [good online Markdown editors][16]. Here are three that I prefer: - -John Gruber’s [Dingus][17], [Editor.md][18], and [Dillinger][19]. Editor.md and Dillinger will let you see your Markdown rendered as HTML in real time. Dingus doesn’t preview in real time, but there is a Markdown syntax cheat sheet on the page for reference. - -![][20] - -Try out some of the examples in this article on either of these online editors. Try out some of your own ideas, too. This will let you get used to Markdown before possibly committing to learn more about it. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/ - -作者：[Bill Dyer][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/retext_window_showing_syntax_and_preview-2.png?resize=800%2C429&ssl=1 -[2]: https://itsfoss.com/best-markdown-editors-linux/ -[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ghostwriter_two_frames-1.png?resize=800%2C458&ssl=1 -[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/1_md_headings_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C485&ssl=1 -[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2_md_paragraphs_example_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C593&ssl=1 -[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/3_md_line_break_fail_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C593&ssl=1 -[7]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/4_md_line_break_success_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1 -[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/5_md_horizontal_rules_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C326&ssl=1 -[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/6_md_emphasis_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C393&ssl=1 -[10]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/7_md_blockquotes_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C393&ssl=1 -[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/8_md_links_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C678&ssl=1 -[12]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/9_md_images_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C725&ssl=1 -[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/10_md_lists_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C725&ssl=1 -[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/markdown-syntax-cheatsheet.png?resize=727%2C743&ssl=1 -[15]: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y-Qz9PX_2HksEG5D_WwN-asNB-tpjZHV/view?usp=sharing -[16]: https://itsfoss.com/online-markdown-editors/ -[17]: https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/dingus -[18]: http://editor.md.ipandao.com/en.html -[19]: https://dillinger.io/ -[20]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/editor-md_page_in_browser-1.png?resize=800%2C505&ssl=1 diff --git a/translated/tech/20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md b/translated/tech/20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..15480a82ce --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md @@ -0,0 +1,306 @@ +[#]: subject: (Getting Started With Markdown [Beginner’s Guide]) +[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/) +[#]: author: (Bill Dyer https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/) +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (hwlife) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) + +开始使用 Markdown [初学者指南] +====== + +在我的工作中，我经常要写代码，写与代码相配套的文档，创建网页，进行文本恢复项目，我在学校的时候还写过几篇正式的论文。我也在这写课堂笔记，几乎每节课都写。 + +我几乎在我所有的写作中都使用 Markdown,它对我来说是一个节省时间的好工具。 + +在这篇文章中，我将分享我使用 Markdown 的体会。你将会了解一下内容： + + * 什么是 Markdown ？ + * 它是怎么工作的？ + * Markdown 的基本语法和怎样使用它们。 + + + +### 什么是 Markdown ？ + +假如你是 Markdown 新手，它是一个为网络写手转换文本到 HTML 格式的工具。Markdown 文档按照特定的语法让人容易阅读和写作。它们是纯文本，所以能够通过电脑上的任何文本编辑器来创建。然后这些文档能够转换成网页 —— 网页通过使用一个叫做 HTML 的语言标记而创建。 + +Markdown只是一种不必 (即使知道怎么做) 写 HTML 代码就能够创建网页的方式。实际上，如果你不转换成 HTML 的话，Markdown甚至是个纯文本格式化的好方法。有人曾这样对我描述 Markdown ： + + +> “ 它不是 _你看到的就是你得到的，而是 _你看到的是你想到的_ ”. + +然而，Markdown不只是一个简单的格式化体系，它也是一个纯文本格式转化到 HTML 的一个软件工具。 + +这就是为什么语法是重要的了。如果你想在网页上起个标题，Markdown 将会基于你标题前面的字符来创建。Markdown　的一些语法示例如截图所示： + +![Markdown to HTML conversion][1] + +### 所以我怎样才能使纯文本文件转换成 HTML 格式呢? + +John Gruber 的 Markdown 是一个运行在命令行上的 Perl 脚本。也就是说，它可以读取你创建的的 Markdown 文本并用它来构建网页。 + +由于有 [许多著名的编辑器][2] 可以为你做这个转换，我在这里尽量避免使用命令行。不止这些，许多编辑器会让你写的文本通过网页实时显示给你看 (被称为 _渲染_) 。 + +Markdown 编辑器总的来说设置了两个结构。左边部分是你要写你文本的地方，右边部分是用 HTML 语言显示给你格式化后文本的样子： + + +![Most Markdown editors have two panes to write and preview the text][3] + +当你用它完成你的写作并喜欢上使用它时，只需简单的保存 Markdown 文件。就像这样，之后一旦你需要编辑和修改的时候，你总是会想起它。文件保存后，你可以用编辑器将 Markdown 文档导出为 HTML 格式的文档。 + +编辑器将会创建网页，用你的 Markdown 作为参考。你的 Markdown 文档在导出时不会修改，你仍然可以拥有源文档，同时创建一个独立的，新的 HTML网页 文档，你可以把它放到一个网页服务器上。 + +**注意**: 许多 Markdown 编辑器也可以将你的 Markdown 文档导出为其他格式，比如 `.doc`, `.docx`, and `.pdf`。之后你可以了解这些高级设置和你可能需要的额外软件。 + + +### Markdown 基础语法 + +为了让 Markdown 新用户快速了解，我将有限的讲解我经常使用的的语法。我相信这些将是最有帮助的 - 当你了解更多关于 Markdown 能为你做什么之后，可以马上提高你的生产力。 + +#### 写标题 + +我经常使用 `#` 字符来表示标题。这里有六个等级： + +``` +# 一级标题 +## 二级标题 +### 三级标题 +#### 四级标题 +##### 五级标题 +###### 六级标题 +``` + +另一种标题类型是在文本下使用下划线。我很少使用这种类型的标题，因为我只限于使用两种。一种是使用 `=`字符表示的双下划线，生成 `H1` 标题。一种是使用 `-` 字符表示的单下划线，生成 `H2` 标题： + +``` +一级标题 +=============== + +二级标题 +--------------- +``` + +![][4] + +#### 段落 + +段落被空行隔开(确保段落之间有一个空行)。首行不要缩进。在 Markdown 里用 ``Tab键 或者 ``空格键 缩进有着不懂的目的和作用。 + +段落是一个文本块，不应该用空格键和 tab 键来缩进。它可以有一行或者多行。要结束这一段另起一段，点两下 ``回车键 ；段落通过一个空行分开。 + +![][5] + +#### 换行 + + 记住一个空行将段落分开通过按下两次 ``回车键 。关于这个 Markdown 是有严格标准的。 + +Markdown 不支持 “hard-wrapped”强制插入换行符 或者 “fixed-line-length”固定行长度 段落。那就是说，单击 ``回车键 一次将不会强制文本换到新的一行。它可能在编辑窗口显示，但是 HTML 格式下不显示。 + +然而，有时你可能需要拆分段落或者换行。Markdown 确实有一种方法可以做到，但是它起先看起来可能有一点陌生：**换行是通过点击两到多个空格键然后点一次 ``回车键 完成的。** + +![][6] + +这里有一个小节的范例。每行以两个空格结束。最后一行，由于是这个小节的结束，没有额外的空格。因为它是这个小节(段落)的结束，我双击 ``回车键 两次： + +Baa, baa black sheep, +Have you any wool?. +Yes, sir. Yes, sir. +Three bags full. + +在一行的最后加两个空格，去创建一个换行，可能需要时间去习惯。 + +![][7] + +#### 水平线 + +水平线非常适合将文本拆分为多个部分。 + +用三个或更多的破折号 `-` ，下划线 `_` ，或者星号 `*` 来做水平线，像这样： + +``` +`---` + +`***` + +`___` +``` + +你甚至可以在字符之间输入空格： + +``` +`- - -` +``` + + 在文章和报告中我不经常使用水平线，但是在日记账中，系统日志和课堂笔记中对我很有用。 + +![][8] + +#### 用加粗和斜体来强调文本 + +当你想让一个单词或者短语脱颖而出，引起注意，你可以让它加粗或者斜体显示。斜体和加粗文本可以在两种方式中任选其一。第一种是用星号 `*` 将其包括，第二种是用下划线 `_` 的方式。 + +使一个单词或者短语斜体显示，用一个下划线或者星号来括住文本。是一个单词或者短语加粗，使用两个下划线或者星号来括住文本： + +``` +用星号来显示斜体 *italics* 。 + +用下划线来显示斜体 _italics_ 。 + +用星号来显示加粗 **bold** 。 + +用下划线来显示加粗 __bold__ 。 +``` + +记住两边使用相同的字符。单词或短语的一面是星号，另一面是下划线，将不会生效。相同字符必须在单词或者短语的两边。 + +![][9] + +#### 块引用 + +块引用被用来直接引用。如果你正在写博客，你想重复本杰明富兰克林说过的话，你可以使用块引用。 + +一个右尖括号被用来指定块引用： + +``` +> 这是块引用。 + +>> 如果你想进一步再次块引用，使用两个右尖括号。 +``` + +![][10] + +#### 在　Markdown　添加超链接 + +超链接非常酷。在基础　Markdown　语言有三种方式创建超链接，在这里我只讲两种：常规连接和自动连接。 + +第三种链接被称为参考链接，在　Markdown　语言的基础和高级风格都支持。我想快速的开始。你可以在准备好的时候查找参考链接。 + +常规链接可以让你链接到各种各样的网站。网站名称或者你要使用的短语被放置在中括号 `[]`　中。真实的链接地址在小括号　`()`　中。 + +``` +Visit [It's FOSS](https://itsfoss.com) today! +``` + +自动连接通过用尖括号 `<>`　括住链接地址。这个链接是一个真实的地址　(可以是网址或者电子邮件地址)。链接拼写出来并转换到　HTML　的时候，拼写出的链接就变成了有效的链接。 + +``` + + +<[email protected]> +``` + +当你想在文本中拼写出地址时，这很有用： + +![][11] + +#### 在　Markdown 中添加图片 + +链接图片几乎与链接网站等同。网站链接和图片链接微小的不同是，图片链接以 exclamation point感叹号 `!` 开始。 + + 图片名称或者图片描述放置在中括号 `[]` 里。真实链接放置在小括号 `()` 里。 + +你可以像这样嵌入图片： + +``` +![alternate text](./images/image.jpg) +``` + +这儿有一个示例图像链接。这是一个示例链接，没有图片，但是这是个好例子，显示了真实链接应该有的样子： + +``` +![a picture of bill](./images/my_photo_of_me.jpg) +``` + +![][12] + +#### 列表 + +制作列表有多个原因。它们可能用来作为 ‘things to do’代办事项，大纲中的主题元素，部分项目中的明细栏等等。列表有两种主要类型：无序列表和有序列表。 + +无序列表没有编号；这些就是我们在许多文档中所看到的 ‘bullet items’项目符号 。有序列表是有编号的。 + +要创建一个有序(有编号的)列表，只需在每行用一个数字开始，像这样： + +``` +1. 项目 一. +2. 项目 二. +3. 项目 三. +``` + +无序列表没有编号，但要在列表每个项目的开始使用一个星号 `*` ，一个加号 `+` ，或者一个减号 `-` 。我偏向于使用一个星号或者减号，你可以选择适合你的： + +``` +* Item one. ++ Item two. +- Item three. +``` + +子项目可以通过缩进被添加到有序和无序列表中，像这样： + +``` +1. 项目 1 + 1. 子项目 1 + 2. 子项目 2 +2. 项目 2 +3. 项目 3 +``` + +![][13] + +### Markdown 语法备查表 + +这是一个简短的 Markdown 语法列表为你作为参考，这个列表已经在本小结中介绍。 + +如果你决定使用 Markdown 作为写作工具，你会发现 Markdown 会让写作变得更加简单。 + +![][14] + +[Download Markdown Cheat Sheet in PDF format][15] + +### 结语 + +Markdown 可以做比我描述的更多的事情。我写作的很大比例是用我在这里介绍的 Markdown 语法完成的 - 并且我在更复杂的项目中经常用这些项目。 + + 如果所有这些看起来很简单，那么它真的很容易。Markdown 用来完成简单的写作任务，但是你不必完全听我的。你可以尝试一下！不必安装 Markdown 编辑器；你可以在线尝试。这里有几个 [优秀的在线 Markdown 编辑器][16]。这里我喜欢用这三个： + +John Gruber’s [Dingus][17] ， [Editor.md][18] ，[Dillinger][19]。 Editor.md 和 Dillinger 会让你看到你的 Markdown 文本作为 HTML 实时渲染的效果。 Dingus 不能够实时预览，但是在参考页有 Markdown 的语法备查表。 + +![][20] + +用以上这些在线编辑器尝试一下文章中的示例。也可以尝试一下你自己的想法。这可以让你在可能更加深入了解它之前，习惯的使用 Markdown 。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/ + +作者：[Bill Dyer][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/retext_window_showing_syntax_and_preview-2.png?resize=800%2C429&ssl=1 +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/best-markdown-editors-linux/ +[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ghostwriter_two_frames-1.png?resize=800%2C458&ssl=1 +[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/1_md_headings_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C485&ssl=1 +[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2_md_paragraphs_example_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C593&ssl=1 +[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/3_md_line_break_fail_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C593&ssl=1 +[7]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/4_md_line_break_success_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1 +[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/5_md_horizontal_rules_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C326&ssl=1 +[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/6_md_emphasis_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C393&ssl=1 +[10]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/7_md_blockquotes_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C393&ssl=1 +[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/8_md_links_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C678&ssl=1 +[12]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/9_md_images_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C725&ssl=1 +[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/10_md_lists_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C725&ssl=1 +[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/markdown-syntax-cheatsheet.png?resize=727%2C743&ssl=1 +[15]: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y-Qz9PX_2HksEG5D_WwN-asNB-tpjZHV/view?usp=sharing +[16]: https://itsfoss.com/online-markdown-editors/ +[17]: https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/dingus +[18]: http://editor.md.ipandao.com/en.html +[19]: https://dillinger.io/ +[20]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/editor-md_page_in_browser-1.png?resize=800%2C505&ssl=1