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20180508 How To Check Ubuntu Version and Other System Information Easily.md 翻译完毕
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Translating by DavidChenLiang.
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How To Check Ubuntu Version and Other System Information Easily
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======
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**Brief: Wondering which Ubuntu version are you using? Here’s how to check Ubuntu version, desktop environment and other relevant system information.**
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You can easily find the Ubuntu version you are using in the command line or via the graphical interface. Knowing the exact Ubuntu version, desktop environment and other system information helps a lot when you are trying to follow a tutorial from the web or seeking help in various forums.
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In this quick tip, I’ll show you various ways to check [Ubuntu][1] version and other common system information.
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### How to check Ubuntu version in terminal
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This is the best way to find Ubuntu version. I could have mentioned the graphical way first but then I chose this method because this one doesn’t depend on the [desktop environment][2] you are using. You can use it on any Ubuntu variant.
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Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and type the following command:
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```
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lsb_release -a
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```
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The output of the above command should be like this:
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```
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No LSB modules are available.
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Distributor ID: Ubuntu
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Description: Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS
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Release: 16.04
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Codename: xenial
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```
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![How to check Ubuntu version in command line][3]
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As you can see, the current Ubuntu installed in my system is Ubuntu 16.04 and its code name is Xenial.
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Wait! Why does it say Ubuntu 16.04.4 in Description and 16.04 in the Release? Which one is it, 16.04 or 16.04.4? What’s the difference between the two?
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The short answer is that you are using Ubuntu 16.04. That’s the base image. 16.04.4 signifies the fourth point release of 16.04. A point release can be thought of as a service pack in Windows era. Both 16.04 and 16.04.4 will be the correct answer here.
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What’s Xenial in the output? That’s the codename of the Ubuntu 16.04 release. You can read this [article to know about Ubuntu naming convention][4].
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#### Some alternate ways to find Ubuntu version
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Alternatively, you can use either of the following commands to find Ubuntu version:
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```
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cat /etc/lsb-release
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```
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The output of the above command would look like this:
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```
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DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
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DISTRIB_RELEASE=16.04
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DISTRIB_CODENAME=xenial
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DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS"
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```
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![How to check Ubuntu version in command line][5]
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You can also use this command to know Ubuntu version
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```
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cat /etc/issue
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```
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The output of this command will be like this:
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```
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Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS \n \l
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```
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Forget the \n \l. The Ubuntu version is 16.04.4 in this case or simply Ubuntu 16.04.
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### How to check Ubuntu version graphically
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Checking Ubuntu version graphically is no big deal either. I am going to use screenshots from Ubuntu 18.04 GNOME here. Things may look different if you are using Unity or some other desktop environment. This is why I recommend the command line version discussed in the previous sections because that doesn’t depend on the desktop environment.
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I’ll show you how to find the desktop environment in the next section.
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For now, go to System Settings and look under the Details segment.
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![Finding Ubuntu version graphically][6]
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You should see the Ubuntu version here along with the information about the desktop environment you are using, [GNOME][7] being the case here.
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![Finding Ubuntu version graphically][8]
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### How to know the desktop environment and other system information in Ubuntu
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So you just learned how to find Ubuntu version. What about the desktop environment in use? Which Linux kernel version is being used?
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Of course, there are various commands you can use to get all those information but I’ll recommend a command line utility called [Neofetch][9]. This will show you essential system information in the terminal beautifully with the logo of Ubuntu or any other Linux distribution you are using.
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Install Neofetch using the command below:
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```
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sudo apt install neofetch
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```
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Once installed, simply run the command `neofetch` in the terminal and see a beautiful display of system information.
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![System information in Linux terminal][10]
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As you can see, Neofetch shows you the Linux kernel version, Ubuntu version, desktop environment in use along with its version, themes and icons in use etc.
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I hope it helps you to find Ubuntu version and other system information. If you have suggestions to improve this article, feel free to drop it in the comment section. Ciao :)
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-know-ubuntu-unity-version/
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作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
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[1]:https://www.ubuntu.com/
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[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment
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[3]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/check-ubuntu-version-command-line-1-800x216.jpeg
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[4]:https://itsfoss.com/linux-code-names/
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[5]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/check-ubuntu-version-command-line-2-800x185.jpeg
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[6]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ubuntu-version-system-settings.jpeg
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[7]:https://www.gnome.org/
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[8]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/checking-ubuntu-version-gui.jpeg
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[9]:https://itsfoss.com/display-linux-logo-in-ascii/
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[10]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ubuntu-system-information-terminal-800x400.jpeg
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@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
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如何方便的检查Ubuntu版本以及其他系统信息
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======
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**简要：想知道你正在使用的Ubuntu具体是什么版本吗？这篇文档将告诉你如何检查你的Ubuntu版本，桌面环境以及其他相关的系统信息**
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通常，你能非常容易的通过命令行或者图形界面获取你正在使用的Ubutnu的版本。当你正在尝试学习一篇互联网上的入门教材或者正在从各种各样的论坛里获取帮助的时候，知道当前正在使用的Ubuntu确切的版本号，桌面环境以及其他的系统信息将是尤为重要的。
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在这篇简短的文章中，作者将展示各种检查[Ubuntu][1] 版本以及其他常用的系统信息的方法。
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### 如何在命令行检查Ubuntu版本
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这个是获得Ubuntu版本的最好的办法。 我本想先展示如何用图形界面做到这一点但是我决定还是先从命令行方法说起，因为这种方法不依赖于你使用的任何桌面环境[desktop environment][2]。 你可以在任何Ubuntu的变种系统上使用这种方法。
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打开你的命令行终端 (Ctrl+Alt+T)， 键入下面的命令：
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```
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lsb_release -a
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```
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上面命令的输出应该如下：
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```
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No LSB modules are available.
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Distributor ID: Ubuntu
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Description: Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS
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Release: 16.04
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Codename: xenial
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```
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![How to check Ubuntu version in command line][3]
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正像你所看到的，当前我的系统安装的Ubuntu版本是 Ubuntu 16.04， 版本代号: Xenial
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且慢！为什么版本描述中显示的是Ubuntu 16.04.4而发行号是16.04？到底哪个才是正确的版本？16.04还是16.04.4? 这两者之间有什么区别？
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如果言简意赅的回答这个问题的话，那么答案应该是你正在使用Ubuntu 16.04. 这个是基准版本, 而16.04.4进一步指明这是16.04的第四个补丁版本。你可以将补丁版本理解为Windows世界里的服务包。在这里，16.04和16.04.4都是正确的版本号。
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那么输出的Xenial又是什么？那正是Ubuntu 16.04版本代号。你可以阅读下面这篇文章获取更多信息[article to know about Ubuntu naming convention][4].
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#### 其他一些获取Ubuntu版本的方法
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你也可以使用下面任意的命令得到Ubuntu的版本：
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```
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cat /etc/lsb-release
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```
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输出如下信息：
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```
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DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
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DISTRIB_RELEASE=16.04
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DISTRIB_CODENAME=xenial
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DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS"
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```
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![How to check Ubuntu version in command line][5]
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你还可以使用下面的命令来获得Ubuntu版本
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```
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cat /etc/issue
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```
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命令行的输出将会如下：
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```
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Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS \n \l
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```
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不要介意输出末尾的\n \l. 这里Ubuntu版本就是16.04.4或者更加简单:16.04.
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### 如何在图形界面下得到Ubuntu版本
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在图形界面下获取Ubuntu版本更是小事一桩。这里我使用了Ubuntu 18.04的图形界面系统GNOME的屏幕截图来展示如何做到这一点。如果你在使用Unity或者别的桌面环境的话，显示可能会有所不同。这也是为什么我推荐使用命令行方式来获得版本的原因：你不用依赖形形色色的图形界面。
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下面我来展示如何在桌面环境获取Ubuntu版本。
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进入‘系统设置’并点击下面的‘详细信息’栏。
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![Finding Ubuntu version graphically][6]
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你将会看到系统的Ubuntu版本和其他和桌面系统有关的系统信息 这里的截图来自[GNOME][7] 。
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![Finding Ubuntu version graphically][8]
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### 如何知道桌面环境以及其他的系统信息
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你刚才学习的是如何得到Ubuntu的版本信息，那么如何知道桌面环境呢？ 更进一步， 如果你还想知道当前使用的Linux内核版本呢？
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有各种各样的命令你可以用来得到这些信息，不过今天我想推荐一个命令行工具， 叫做[Neofetch][9]。 这个工具能在命令行完美展示系统信息，包括Ubuntu或者其他Linux发行版的系统图标。
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用下面的命令安装Neofetch:
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```
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sudo apt install neofetch
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```
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安装成功后，运行'neofetch'将会优雅的展示系统的信息如下。
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![System information in Linux terminal][10]
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如你所见，neofetch 完全展示了Linux内核版本，Ubuntu的版本，桌面系统版本以及环境，主题和图标等等信息。
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希望我如上展示方法能帮到你更快的找到你正在使用的Ubuntu版本和其他系统信息。如果你对这篇文章有其他的建议，欢迎在评论栏里留言。
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再见。：）
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-know-ubuntu-unity-version/
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作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[DavidChenLiang](https://github.com/davidchenliang)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
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[1]:https://www.ubuntu.com/
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[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment
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[3]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/check-ubuntu-version-command-line-1-800x216.jpeg
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[4]:https://itsfoss.com/linux-code-names/
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[5]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/check-ubuntu-version-command-line-2-800x185.jpeg
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[6]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ubuntu-version-system-settings.jpeg
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[7]:https://www.gnome.org/
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[8]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/checking-ubuntu-version-gui.jpeg
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[9]:https://itsfoss.com/display-linux-logo-in-ascii/
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[10]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ubuntu-system-information-terminal-800x400.jpeg
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