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translating wi-cuckoo LLAP
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How to Interactively Create a Docker Container
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================================================================================
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Hi everyone, today we'll learn how we can interactively create a docker container using a docker image. Once we start a process in Docker from an Image, Docker fetches the image and its Parent Image, and repeats the process until it reaches the Base Image. Then the Union File System adds a read-write layer on top. That read-write layer, the information about its Parent Image and some other information like its unique id, networking configuration, and resource limits is called a **Container**. Containers has states as they can change from **running** to **exited** state. A container with state as **running** includes a tree of processes running on the CPU, isolated from the other processes running on the host where as **exited** is the state of the file system and its exit value is preserved. You can start, stop, and restart a container with it.
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Docker Technology has brought a remarkable change in the field of IT enabling cloud service for sharing applications and automating workflows, enabling apps to be quickly assembled from components and eliminates the friction between development, QA, and production environments. In this article, we'll build CentOS Instance in which we'll host a website running under Apache Web Server.
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Here is quick and easy tutorial on how we can create a container in an interactive method using an interactive shell.
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### 1. Running a Docker Instance ###
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Docker initially tries to fetch and run the required image locally and if its not found in local host the it pulls from the [Docker Public Registry Hub][1] . Here. we'll fetch and create a fedora instance in a Docker Container and attach a bash shell to the tty.
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# docker run -i -t fedora bash
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### 2. Installing Apache Web Server ###
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Now, after our Fedora base image with instance is ready, we'll now gonna install Apache Web Server interactively without creating a Dockerfile for it. To do so, we'll need to run the following commands in a terminal or shell.
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# yum update
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# yum install httpd
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# exit
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### 3. Saving the Image ###
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Now, we'll gonna save the changes we made into the Fedora Instance. To do that, we'll first gonna need to know the Container ID of the Instance. To get that we'll need to run the following command.
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# docker ps -a
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Then, we'll save the changes as a new image by running the below command.
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# docker commit c16378f943fe fedora-httpd
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Here, the changes are saved using the Container ID and image name fedora-httpd. To make sure that the new image is running or not, we'll run the following command.
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# docker images
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### 4. Adding the Contents to the new image ###
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As we have our new Fedora Apache image running successfully, now we'll want to add the web contents which includes our website to Apache Web Server so that our website will run successfully out of the box. To do so, we'll need to create a new Dockerfile which will handle the operation from copying web contents to allowing port 80. To do so, we'll need to create a file Dockerfile using our favorite text editor as shown below.
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# nano Dockerfile
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Now, we'll need to add the following lines into that file.
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FROM fedora-httpd
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ADD mysite.tar /tmp/
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RUN mv /tmp/mysite/* /var/www/html
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EXPOSE 80
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ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/sbin/httpd" ]
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CMD [ "-D", "FOREGROUND" ]
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Here, in above Dockerfile, the web content which we have in mysite.tar will get automatically extracted to /tmp/ folder. Then, the entire site will move to the Apache Web root ie /var/www/html/ and the expose 80 will open port 80 so that the website will be available normally. Then, the entrypoint is set to /usr/sbin/httpd so that the Apache Server will execute.
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### 5. Building and running a Container ###
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Now, we'll build our Container using the Dockerfile we just created in order to add our website on it. To do so, we'll need to run the following command.
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# docker build -rm -t mysite .
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After building our new container, we'll want to run the container using the command below.
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# docker run -d -P mysite
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### Conclusion ###
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Finally, we've successfully built a Docker Container interactively. In this method, we build our containers and image directly via interactive shell commands. This method is quite easy and quick to build and deploy our images and containers. If you have any questions, suggestions, feedback please write them in the comment box below so that we can improve or update our contents. Thank you ! Enjoy :-)
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/interactively-create-docker-container/
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作者：[Arun Pyasi][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
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[1]:https://registry.hub.docker.com/
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如何交互式地创建一个Docker容器
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===============================================================================
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大家好，今天我们来学习如何使用一个docker镜像交互式地创建一个Docker容器。一旦我们从镜像中启动一个Docker进程，Docker就会在父镜像与子镜像间来回搬运，重复工作，直到到达子镜像。然后联合文件系统会在顶层添加一个读写层。读写层又叫一个 **Container** 包含一些信息，关于它的父镜像和一些其他的信息，如单独的ID，网络配置和资源限制。容器已经声明，他们可以从 **running** 切换到 **exited** 状态。一个处于 **running** 状态的容器包含了很多分支在CPU上面运行，独立于其他在主机上运行的进程，而主机上 **exited** 是文件系统的状态，它的退出变量值是保留的。你可以使用读写层来启动，停止和重启一个容器。
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Docker技术为IT界带来了巨大的改变，它使得云服务可以用来共享应用和工作流程自动化，使得应用可以从组件快速组合，消除了开发与品质保证和产品环境间的摩擦。在这篇文章中，我们将会建立CentOS环境，然后维护一个网站，在Apache网络服务器下运行。
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这是快速且容易的教程，讨论我们怎样使用一个交互的shell，以一个交互的方式来创建一个容器。
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### 1. 运行一个Docker实例 ###
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Docker一开始尝试从本地取得和运行所需的镜像，如果在本地主机上没有发现，它就会从[Docker公共注册中心][1]拉取。这里，我们将会在一个DOcker容器里取得并创建一个fedora实例，附加一个bash shell到tty
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# docker run -i -t fedora bash
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### 2.安装Apache网络服务器 ###
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现在，在我们的Fedora基本镜像准备好后，我们将会开始交互式地安装Apache网络服务器，而不必为它创建Dockerfile。为了做到这点，我们需要在终端或者shell运行以下命令。
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# yum update
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# yum install httpd
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# exit
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### 3.Saving the Image ###
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现在，我们要去保存在Fedora实例里做的修改。要做到这个，我们首先需要知道实例的容器ID。而为了得到ID，我们又需要运行以下命令。
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# docker ps -a
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然后，我们会保存这些改变为一个新的镜像，请运行以下命令。
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# docker commit c16378f943fe fedora-httpd
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这里，修改已经通过使用容器ID保存起来了，镜像名字叫fedora-httpd。为了确认新的镜像时候在运行，我们将运行以下命令
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# docker images
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### 4. 添加内容到新的镜像 ###
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我们自己新的Fedora Apache镜像正成功的运行，现在我们想添加一些网页内容到Apache网络服务器，包括我们的网站，使得网站能够脱离盒子正确运行。为做到这点，我们需要创建一个新的Dockerfile，它会处理从复制网页内容到使用80端口的所有操作。而为做到这，我们又需要使用我们最喜欢的文本编辑器创建Dockerfile文件，像下面演示的一样。
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# nano Dockerfile
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现在，我们需要添加以下的命令行到文件中。
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FROM fedora-httpd
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ADD mysite.tar /tmp/
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RUN mv /tmp/mysite/* /var/www/html
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EXPOSE 80
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ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/sbin/httpd" ]
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CMD [ "-D", "FOREGROUND" ]
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这里，运行Dockerfile，mysite.tar里的网页内容会自动解压到/temp/文件夹里。然后，整个文件会被转移到Apache网页根目录/var/www/html/，命令expose 80会打开80端口，这样网站就能正常访问。其次，入口点放在了/usr/sbin/https里面，保证Apache服务器能够执行。
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### 5. 建立并运行一个容器 ###
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现在，为了添加我们网站在上面，我们要用刚刚创建的Dockerfile创建我们的容器，为做到这，我们需要运行以下命令。
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# docker build -rm -t mysite .
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我们建立自己的容器后，我们想要用下面的命令来运行容器。
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# docker run -d -P mysite
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### 总结 ###
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最后，我们已经成功的以交互式的方式建立了一个Docker容器。在本节方法中，我们是直接通过交互的shell命令建立我们的容器和镜像。这种方法十分简单且快速，在建立与配置镜像与容器方面。如果你有任何问题，建议和反馈，请在下方的评论框里写下来，以便我们可以提升或者更新我们的文章。谢谢！祝生活快乐 :-)
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/interactively-create-docker-container/
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作者：[Arun Pyasi][a]
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译者：[wi-cuckoo](https://github.com/wi-cuckoo)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
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[1]:https://registry.hub.docker.com/
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