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[Translated] 20150722 How To Manage StartUp Applications In Ubuntu.md
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How To Manage StartUp Applications In Ubuntu
================================================================================
![Manage startup applications in Ubuntu](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Manage-Start-up-apps-in-Ubuntu.png)
Ever felt the need to **control startup applications in Ubuntu**? You should, if you feel that your Ubuntu system is very slow at the boot time.
Every time you boot in to an operating system, a number of applications start automatically. These are called ‘startup applications’ or ‘start up programs’. Over the time, when you have plenty of application installed in your system, you’ll find that there are too many of these ‘startup applications’ which start at the boot time automatically, eats up the system resource and slows down the system. This might result in a sluggish Ubuntu experience, which I think, you don’t want at all.
A way to make Ubuntu faster is to control startup applications. Ubuntu provides you GUI tools that you can use to find out the startup programs, disable them entirely or delay their execution so that you won’t have each application trying to run at the same time.
In this post we shall see **how to control startup applications, how to run an application at startup and how to find hidden startup applications in Ubuntu**. The instructions provided here are applicable to all Ubuntu versions such as Ubuntu 12.04, Ubuntu 14.04 and Ubuntu 15.04.
### Manage startup applications in Ubuntu ###
By default, Ubuntu provides Startup Applications utility that you could use. No need of installation. Just go in Unity Dash and look for startup applications.
![Startup applications Ubuntu](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/startup_applications_Ubuntu.jpeg)
Click on it to start. Here is what my startup applications look like:
![Find startup programs in Ubuntu](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Screenshot-from-2015-07-18-122550.png)
### Remove startup applications in Ubuntu ###
Now it is up to you what you find useless. For me [Caribou][1], on screen keyboard program, is not of any use at the startup. I would prefer to remove it.
You can choose to either prevent it from starting up at boot time but keeping it in the startup applications list for future reactivation. Click on close to save your preference.
![remove startup programs in Ubuntu](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/startup_applications_ubuntu_2.png)
To remove a program from startup applications list, select it and click on Remove from the right window pane.
![remove programs from startup applications in Ubuntu](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/startup_applications_Ubuntu_1.jpeg)
Note that, this will NOT uninstall the program. Just that the program will not start automatically at each boot. You can do it with all the programs that you don’t like.
### Delay the start up programs ###
What if you do not want to remove programs at the start up but you are worried about system performance at the boot time. What you can do is to add a delay in various programs so that not all the programs will be starting at the same time.
Select a program and click Edit.
![edit startup applications ubuntu](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/startup_applications_ubuntu_3.png)
This will show the command that runs this particular program.
![commands at startup programs](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/startup_applications_ubuntu_4.jpg)
All you need to do is to add sleep XX; before the command. It will add a delay of XX seconds before running the actual commands to run the applications. For example if I want Variety [wallpaper management application][2] for 2 minutes, I’ll add sleep 120; before the command like this:
![delay the startup of programs in Ubuntu](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/startup_applications_ubuntu_5.png)
Save it and close it. You’ll see the impact at the next boot.
### Add a program in the startup applications ###
This could be tricky for beginners. You see, things are in commands at the bottom of everything in Linux. We just saw in the previous section that these startup programs are just some commands being run at each boot. If you want to add a new program in the startup, you’ll need to know the command that runs the application.
#### Step 1: How to find the command to run an application? ####
Go in the Unity Dash and search for Main Menu:
![Program Menu Ubuntu](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Program_menu_Ubuntu.jpg)
This contains all the program that you have installed in various categories. In old Ubuntu days, you would see similar menu for selecting and running applications.
![main menu in ubuntu](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Main_menu_ubuntu.jpeg)
Just look for your application under various categories and click on the Properties tab to see the command that runs this application. For example, I want to run Transmission Torrent client on start up.
![find running command of programs in ubuntu](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Main_menu_ubuntu_1.jpeg)
This will give me the command that runs Transmission:
![find running commands of a program in Ubuntu](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/startup_programs_commands.png)
Now I’ll use the same information to add Transmission in startup applications.
#### Step 2: Adding programs in startup ####
Go again in Startup Applications and click on Add. This will ask you enter a name, command and description. The command is the most important of all. You can use whatever name and description you want. Use the command you got from previous step and click on Add.
![Adding a startup program in Ubuntu](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Add_startup_program_Ubuntu.jpg)
That’s it. You’ll see it in the next boot up, running automatically. This is all you can do with startup applications in Ubuntu.
So, far we have discussed about applications that are visible in startup but there are many more services, daemons and programs that are not visible to Startup applications. In next section, we shall see how to see hidden startup programs in Ubuntu.
### See hidden startup program in Ubuntu ###
To see what are the services running at startup, open a terminal and use the following command:
sudo sed -i 's/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/g' /etc/xdg/autostart/*.desktop
This is just a quick find and replace command that changes the NoDisplay=false with NoDisplay=true in all the programs that are in autostart. Once you do this, open Startup Applications again and now you shall see many more programs here:
![See Hidden Start up programs in Ubuntu](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Hidden_startup_program_Ubuntu.jpg)
You can manage these startup applications the same way which were described earlier. I hope this tutorial helped you to control startup program in Ubuntu. Any questions or suggestions are always welcomed.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://itsfoss.com/manage-startup-applications-ubuntu/
作者：[Abhishek][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
[1]:https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Projects/Caribou?action=show&redirect=Caribou
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/applications-manage-wallpapers-ubuntu/

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如何在 Ubuntu 中管理开机启动应用
================================================================================
![在 Ubuntu 中管理开机启动应用](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Manage-Start-up-apps-in-Ubuntu.png)
你曾经考虑过 **在 Ubuntu 中管理开机启动应用** 吗？如果在开机时，你的 Ubuntu 系统启动得非常缓慢，那么你就需要考虑这个问题了。
每当你开机进入一个操作系统，一系列的应用将会自动启动。这些应用被称为‘开机启动应用’ 或‘开机启动程序’。随着时间的推移，当你在系统中安装了足够多的应用时，你将发现有太多的‘开机启动应用’在开机时自动地启动了，它们吃掉了很多的系统资源，并将你的系统拖慢。这可能会让你感觉卡顿，我想这种情况并不是你想要的。
让 Ubuntu 变得更快的方法之一是对这些开机启动应用进行控制。 Ubuntu 为你提供了一个 GUI 工具来让你发现这些开机启动应用，然后完全禁止或延迟它们的启动，这样就可以不让每个应用在开机时同时运行。
在这篇文章中，我们将看到 **在 Ubuntu 中，如何控制开机启动应用，如何让一个应用在开机时启动以及如何发现隐藏的开机启动应用。**这里提供的指导对所有的 Ubuntu 版本均适用，例如 Ubuntu 12.04, Ubuntu 14.04 和 Ubuntu 15.04。
### 在 Ubuntu 中管理开机启动应用 ###
默认情况下， Ubuntu 提供了一个`开机启动应用工具`来供你使用，你不必再进行安装。只需到 Unity 面板中就可以查找到该工具。
![ubuntu 中的开机启动应用工具](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/startup_applications_Ubuntu.jpeg)
点击它来启动。下面是我的`开机启动应用`的样子：
![在 Ubuntu 中查看开机启动程序](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Screenshot-from-2015-07-18-122550.png)
### 在 Ubuntu 中移除开机启动应用 ###
现在由你来发现哪个程序对你用处不大，对我来说，是 [Caribou][1] 这个软件，它是一个屏幕键盘程序，在开机时它并没有什么用处，所以我想将它移除出开机启动程序的列表中。
你可以选择阻止某个程序在开机时启动，而在开机启动程序列表中保留该选项以便以后再进行激活。点击 `关闭`按钮来保留你的偏好设置。
![在 Ubuntu 中移除开机启动程序](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/startup_applications_ubuntu_2.png)
要将一个程序从开机启动程序列表中移除，选择对应的选项然后从窗口右边的面板中点击`移除`按钮来保留你的偏好设置。
![在 Ubuntu 中将程序从开机启动列表中移除](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/startup_applications_Ubuntu_1.jpeg)
需要提醒的是，这并不会将该程序卸载掉，只是让该程序不再在每次开机时自动启动。你可以对所有你不喜欢的程序做类似的处理。
### 让开机启动程序延迟启动 ###
若你并不想在开机启动列表中移除掉程序，但同时又忧虑着系统性能的问题，那么你所需要做的是给程序添加一个延迟启动命令，这样所有的程序就不会在开机时同时启动。
选择一个程序然后点击 `编辑` 按钮。
![编辑开机启动应用列表](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/startup_applications_ubuntu_3.png)
这将展示出运行这个特定的程序所需的命令。
![在开机启动列表的程序运行所需的命令](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/startup_applications_ubuntu_4.jpg)
所有你需要做的就是在程序运行命令前添加一句 `sleep XX;` 。这样就为实际运行该命令来启动的对应程序添加了 `XX` 秒的延迟。例如，假如我想让 Variety [壁纸管理应用][2] 延迟启动 2 分钟，我就需要像下面那样在命令前添加 `sleep 120;`
![在 Ubuntu 中延迟开机启动的程序](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/startup_applications_ubuntu_5.png)
保存并关闭设置。你将在下一次启动时看到效果。
### 增添一个程序到开机启动应用列表中 ###
这对于新手来说需要一点技巧。我们知道，在 Linux 的底层都是一些命令，在上一节我们看到这些开机启动程序只是在每次开机时运行一些命令。假如你想在开机启动列表中添加一个新的程序，你需要知道运行该应用所需的命令。
#### 第 1 步：如何查找运行一个程序所需的命令？ ####
首先来到 Unity Dash 面板然后搜索 `Main Menu`:
![Ubuntu 下的程序菜单](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Program_menu_Ubuntu.jpg)
这将展示出在各种类别下你安装的所有程序。在 Ubuntu 的低版本中，你将看到一个相似的菜单，通过它来选择并运行应用。
![Ubuntu 下的 main menu ](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Main_menu_ubuntu.jpeg)
在各种类别下找到你找寻的应用，然后点击 `属性` 按钮来查看运行该应用所需的命令。例如，我想在开机时运行 `Transmission Torrent 客户端`。
![在 Ubuntu 下查找运行程序所需的命令](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Main_menu_ubuntu_1.jpeg)
这就会向我给出运行 `Transmission` 应用的命令：
![在 Ubuntu 下查找运行某个程序所需的命令](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/startup_programs_commands.png)
接着，我将用相同的信息来将 `Transmission` 应用添加到开机启动列表中。
#### 第 2 步： 添加一个程序到开机启动列表中 ####
再次来到开机启动应用工具中并点击 `添加` 按钮。这将让你输入一个应用的名称，对应的命令和相关的描述。其中命令最为重要，你可以使用任何你想用的名称和描述。使用上一步得到的命令然后点击 `添加` 按钮。
![在 Ubuntu 中添加一个开机启动程序](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Add_startup_program_Ubuntu.jpg)
就这样，你将在下一次开机时看到这个程序会自动运行。这就是在 Ubuntu 中你能做的关于开机启动应用的所有事情。
到现在为止，我们已经讨论在开机时可见的应用，但仍有更多的服务，守护进程和程序并不在`开机启动应用工具`中可见。下一节中，我们将看到如何在 Ubuntu 中查看这些隐藏的开机启动程序。
### 在 Ubuntu 中查看隐藏的开机启动程序 ###
要查看在开机时哪些服务在运行，可以打开一个终端并使用下面的命令：
sudo sed -i 's/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/g' /etc/xdg/autostart/*.desktop
上面的命令是一个快速查找和替换命令，它将在所有自动启动的程序里的 `NoDisplay=false` 改为 `NoDisplay=true` ，一旦执行了这个命令后，再次打开`开机启动应用工具`，现在你应该可以看到更多的程序：
![在 Ubuntu 中查看隐藏的开机启动程序](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Hidden_startup_program_Ubuntu.jpg)
你可以像先前我们讨论的那样管理这些开机启动应用。我希望这篇教程可以帮助你在 Ubuntu 中控制开机启动程序。任何的问题或建议总是欢迎的。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://itsfoss.com/manage-startup-applications-ubuntu/
作者：[Abhishek][a]
译者：[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
[1]:https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Projects/Caribou?action=show&redirect=Caribou
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/applications-manage-wallpapers-ubuntu/