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@ -1,184 +0,0 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( guevaraya)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How to List Installed Packages on Ubuntu and Debian [Quick Tip])
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[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/list-installed-packages-ubuntu)
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[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
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How to List Installed Packages on Ubuntu and Debian [Quick Tip]
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======
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So you [installed Ubuntu and started using][1] it extensively. Somewhere down the line, you are bound to lose the track of the software that you had installed over the time.
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That’s perfectly normal. No one expects you to remember all the packages installed on your system. But the question arises, how to know what packages have been installed? How to see the installed packages?
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### List installed packages in Ubuntu and Debian
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![List installed Packages][2]
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If you use [apt command][3] extensively, you would probably expect a command like apt list installed packages. You are not entirely wrong here.
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While [apt-get command][4] doesn’t have a straightforward option like apt-get list installed packages, apt has a command for this.
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```
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apt list --installed
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```
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This will list all the packages that have been installed using apt. It will also list the packages that were installed as a dependency. Which means that not only you’ll have the applications you installed, you’ll also have a huge list of libraries and other packages that you didn’t install directly.
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![List installed packages in Ubuntu with apt command][5]Listing installed packages with apt command
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Since the list of installed packages is a huge one, it would be a better idea to use grep and filter the output for a certain package.
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```
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apt list --installed | grep program_name
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```
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Note that the above method also lists the [applications installed with .deb files][6]. That’s cool, isn’t it?
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If you have read my [apt vs apt-get comparison][7] article, you probably already know that both apt and apt-get basically use [dpkg][8]. This means you can use dpkg command to list all the installed packages in Debian.
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```
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dpkg-query -l
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```
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You can filter the output with grep again to search for a specific package.
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![Listing installed packages with dpkg command][9]![Listing installed packages with dpkg command][9]Listing installed packages with dpkg
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So far, you have dealt with applications installed with Debian’s package manager. What about Snap and Flatpak applications? How to list them because they are not accessible with apt and dpkg?
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To show all the [Snap packages][10] installed on your system, use this command:
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```
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snap list
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```
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Snap list also indicates which applications are from a verified publisher with a green tick.
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![List installed packages with snap][11]Listing installed Snap packages
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To list all the [Flatpak packages][12] installed on your system, use this:
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```
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flatpak list
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```
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Let me summarize it for you.
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Summary
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To list packages using apt command:
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**apt** **list –installed**
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To list packages using dpkg command:
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**dpkg-query -l**
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To list Snap packages installed on your system:
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**snap list**
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To list Flatpak packages installed on your system:
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**flatpak list**
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### List the recently installed packages
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So far you saw the list of installed packages in alphabetical order. What if you want to see the packages that have been installed recently?
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Thankfully, a Linux system keeps a log of everything that happens in your system. You can refer to the logs to see the recently installed packages.
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There are a couple of ways to do this. You can either use the dpkg command’s log or the apt command’s log.
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You’ll have to use grep command to filter the result to list the installed packages only.
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```
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grep " install " /var/log/dpkg.log
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```
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This will list all the packages including the dependencies that were installed recently on your system along with the time of installation.
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```
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2019-02-12 12:41:42 install ubuntu-make:all 16.11.1ubuntu1
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2019-02-13 21:03:02 install xdg-desktop-portal:amd64 0.11-1
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2019-02-13 21:03:02 install libostree-1-1:amd64 2018.8-0ubuntu0.1
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2019-02-13 21:03:02 install flatpak:amd64 1.0.6-0ubuntu0.1
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2019-02-13 21:03:02 install xdg-desktop-portal-gtk:amd64 0.11-1
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2019-02-14 11:49:10 install qml-module-qtquick-window2:amd64 5.9.5-0ubuntu1.1
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2019-02-14 11:49:10 install qml-module-qtquick2:amd64 5.9.5-0ubuntu1.1
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2019-02-14 11:49:10 install qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects:amd64 5.9.5-0ubuntu1
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```
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You can also use the history of apt command. This will show only the programs that you installed using apt command. It won’t show the dependencies installed with it, though the details are present in the logs. Sometimes, you just want to see that, right?
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```
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grep " install " /var/log/apt/history.log
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```
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The output should be something like this:
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```
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Commandline: apt install pinta
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Commandline: apt install pinta
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Commandline: apt install tmux
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Commandline: apt install terminator
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Commandline: apt install moreutils
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Commandline: apt install ubuntu-make
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Commandline: apt install flatpak
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Commandline: apt install cool-retro-term
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Commandline: apt install ubuntu-software
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```
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![List recently installed packages][13]Listing recently installed packages
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The history log of apt is quite useful because it shows the time when the apt command was run, the user who ran the command and the packages that were installed by a command.
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### Bonus Tip: Show installed applications in Software Center
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If you are not comfortable with the terminal and the commands, you still has a way to see the applications installed on your system.
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You can open the Software Center and click on the Installed tab. You’ll see the list of applications that have been installed on your system.
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![List Installed Software in Ubuntu Software Center][14]Showing installed applications in Software Center
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It won’t show the libraries and other command line stuff though but perhaps you don’t want to see that as you are more GUI centric. Otherwise, you can always use the Synaptic Package Manager.
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**That’s it**
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I hope this quick little tutorial helped you to see the list of installed packages on Ubuntu and Debian based distributions.
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If you have questions or suggestions to improve this article, please leave a comment below.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/list-installed-packages-ubuntu
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作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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|
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://itsfoss.com/getting-started-with-ubuntu/
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[2]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/list-installed-packages.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
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[3]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-command-guide/
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[4]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-get-linux-guide/
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[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/list-installed-packages-in-ubuntu-with-apt.png?resize=800%2C407&ssl=1
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/install-deb-files-ubuntu/
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[7]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-vs-apt-get-difference/
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[8]: https://wiki.debian.org/dpkg
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[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/list-installed-packages-with-dpkg.png?ssl=1
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[10]: https://itsfoss.com/use-snap-packages-ubuntu-16-04/
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[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/list-installed-snap-packages.png?ssl=1
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[12]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
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[13]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/apt-list-recently-installed-packages.png?resize=800%2C187&ssl=1
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[14]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/installed-software-ubuntu.png?ssl=1
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[15]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/list-installed-packages.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
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@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (guevaraya)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
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||||
[#]: subject: (How to List Installed Packages on Ubuntu and Debian [Quick Tip])
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[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/list-installed-packages-ubuntu)
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[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
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如何索引 Ubuntu 和 Debian 上已安装的软件包 [快速提示]
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======
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当你安装了 [Ubuntu 并想好好用一用][1]。但在将来某个时候，你肯定会遇到忘记曾经安装了那些软件包。
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这个是完全正常。没有人要求你把系统里所有已安装的软件包都记住。但是问题是，如何才能知道已经安装了哪些软件包？如何查看安装过的软件包呢？
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### 索引 Ubuntu 和 Debian 上已安装的软件包
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![索引已安装的软件包][2]
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如果你经常用 [apt 命令][3]，你可能会注意到 apt 可以索引已安装的软件包。这里说对了一点。
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[apt-get 命令] 没有类似索引已安装软件包的简单的选项，但是 apt 有一个这样的命令：
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```
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apt list --installed
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```
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这个会显示 apt 命令安装的所有的软件包。同时也会包含由于依赖被安装的软件包。也就是说不仅会包含你曾经安装的程序，而且会包含大量库文件和间接安装的软件包。
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![用 atp 命令索引显示已安装的软件包][5] 用 atp 命令索引显示已安装的软件包
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由于索引出来的已安装的软件包太多，用 grep 过滤特定的软件包是一个比较好的办法。
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```
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apt list --installed | grep program_name
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```
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如上命令也可以检索出 .deb 格式的软件包文件。是不是很酷？不是吗？
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如果你阅读过 [apt 与 apt-get 对比][7]的文章，你可能已经知道 apt 和 apt-get 命令都是基于 [dpkg][8]。也就是说用 dpkg 命令可以索引 Debian 系统的所有已经安装的软件包。
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```
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dpkg-query -l
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```
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你可以用 grep 命令检索指定的软件包。
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![用 dpkg 命令索引显示已经安装的软件包][9]![用 dpkg 命令索引显示已经安装的软件包][9]用 dpkg 命令索引显示已经安装的软件包
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现在你可以搞定索引 Debian 的软件包管理器安装的应用了。那 Snap 和 Flatpak 这个两种应用呢？如何索引他们？因为他们不能被 apt 和 dpkg 访问。
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显示系统里所有已经安装的 [Snap 软件包][10]，可以这个命令：
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```
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snap list
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```
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Snap 可以用绿色勾号索引显示经过认证的发布者。
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![索引已经安装的 Snap 软件包][11]索引已经安装的 Snap 软件包
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显示系统里所有已安装的 [Flatpak 软件包][12]，可以用这个命令：
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```
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flatpak list
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```
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让我来个汇总：
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用 apt 命令显示已安装软件包:
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**apt** **list –installed**
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用 dpkg 命令显示已安装软件包:
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**dpkg-query -l**
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索引系统里 Snap 已安装软件包:
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**snap list**
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索引系统里 Flatpak 已安装软件包:
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**flatpak list**
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### 显示最近安装的软件包
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现在你已经看过以字母顺序索引的已经安装软件包了。如何显示最近已经安装的软件包?
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幸运的是，Linux 系统保存了所有发生事件的日志。你可以参考最近安装软件包的日志。
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有两个方法可以来做。用 dpkg 命令的日志或者 apt 命令的日志。
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你仅仅需要用 grep 命令过滤已经安装的软件包日志。
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```
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grep " install " /var/log/dpkg.log
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```
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这会显示所有的软件安装包，其中包括最近安装的过程中被依赖的软件包。
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|
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```
|
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2019-02-12 12:41:42 install ubuntu-make:all 16.11.1ubuntu1
|
||||
2019-02-13 21:03:02 install xdg-desktop-portal:amd64 0.11-1
|
||||
2019-02-13 21:03:02 install libostree-1-1:amd64 2018.8-0ubuntu0.1
|
||||
2019-02-13 21:03:02 install flatpak:amd64 1.0.6-0ubuntu0.1
|
||||
2019-02-13 21:03:02 install xdg-desktop-portal-gtk:amd64 0.11-1
|
||||
2019-02-14 11:49:10 install qml-module-qtquick-window2:amd64 5.9.5-0ubuntu1.1
|
||||
2019-02-14 11:49:10 install qml-module-qtquick2:amd64 5.9.5-0ubuntu1.1
|
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2019-02-14 11:49:10 install qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects:amd64 5.9.5-0ubuntu1
|
||||
```
|
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|
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你也可以查看 apt历史命令日志。这个仅会显示用 apt 命令安装的的程序。但不会显示被依赖安装的软件包，详细的日志在日志里可以看到。有时你只是想看看对吧？
|
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|
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```
|
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grep " install " /var/log/apt/history.log
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
具体的显示如下:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Commandline: apt install pinta
|
||||
Commandline: apt install pinta
|
||||
Commandline: apt install tmux
|
||||
Commandline: apt install terminator
|
||||
Commandline: apt install moreutils
|
||||
Commandline: apt install ubuntu-make
|
||||
Commandline: apt install flatpak
|
||||
Commandline: apt install cool-retro-term
|
||||
Commandline: apt install ubuntu-software
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
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![显示最近已安装的软件包][13]显示最近已安装的软件包
|
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|
||||
apt 的历史日志非常有用。因为他显示了什么时候执行了 apt 命令，哪个用户执行的命令以及安装的软件包名
|
||||
|
||||
### 小贴士: 在软件中心显示已安装的程序包名
|
||||
|
||||
如果你觉得终端和命令行交互不友好，可以有一个方法查看系统的程序名。
|
||||
|
||||
可以打开软件中心，然后点击已安装标签。你可以看到系统上已经安装的程序包名
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu 软件中心显示已安装的软件包][14] 在软件中心显示已安装的软件包
|
||||
|
||||
这个不会显示库和其他命令行的东西，有可能你也不想看到他们，因为你是大量交互都是在 GUI，相反你可以一直用 Synaptic 软件包管理器。
|
||||
|
||||
**结束语**
|
||||
|
||||
我希望这个简易的教程可以帮你查看 Ubuntu 和 基于 Debian 的发行版的已安装软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你对本文有什么问题或建议，请在下面留言。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/list-installed-packages-ubuntu
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[guevaraya](https://github.com/guevaraya)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/getting-started-with-ubuntu/
|
||||
[2]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/list-installed-packages.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-command-guide/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-get-linux-guide/
|
||||
[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/list-installed-packages-in-ubuntu-with-apt.png?resize=800%2C407&ssl=1
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/install-deb-files-ubuntu/
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/apt-vs-apt-get-difference/
|
||||
[8]: https://wiki.debian.org/dpkg
|
||||
[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/list-installed-packages-with-dpkg.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/use-snap-packages-ubuntu-16-04/
|
||||
[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/list-installed-snap-packages.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
|
||||
[13]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/apt-list-recently-installed-packages.png?resize=800%2C187&ssl=1
|
||||
[14]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/installed-software-ubuntu.png?ssl=1
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[15]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/list-installed-packages.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
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