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Stratis 从 ZFS, Btrfs 和 LVM 学到哪些
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Stratis 从 ZFS、Btrfs 和 LVM 学到哪些
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======
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> 深入了解这个强大而不繁琐的 Linux 存储管理系统。
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在本系列[第一部分][1]中提到，Stratis 是一个<ruby>卷管理文件系统<rt>volume-managing filesystem, VMF</rt></ruby>，功能特性类似于 [ZFS][2] 和 [Btrfs][3]。在设计 Stratis 过程中，我们研究了已有解决方案开发者做出的取舍。
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在本系列[第一部分][1]中提到，Stratis 是一个<ruby>卷管理文件系统<rt>volume-managing filesystem</rt></ruby>（VMF），功能特性类似于 [ZFS][2] 和 [Btrfs][3]。在设计 Stratis 过程中，我们研究了已有解决方案开发者做出的取舍。
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### 为何不使用已有解决方案
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@ -14,7 +17,7 @@ Stratis 从 ZFS, Btrfs 和 LVM 学到哪些
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### Stratis 如何与众不同
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ZFS 和 Btrfs 让我们知道一件事情，即编写一个内核支持的 VMF 文件系统需要花费极大的时间和精力，以便消除漏洞、增强稳定性。涉及核心数据时，提供正确性保证是必要的。如果 Stratis 也采用这种方案并从零开始的话，开发工作也需要十数年，这是无法接受的。
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ZFS 和 Btrfs 让我们知道一件事情，即编写一个内核支持的 VMF 文件系统需要花费极大的时间和精力，才能消除漏洞、增强稳定性。涉及核心数据时，提供正确性保证是必要的。如果 Stratis 也采用这种方案并从零开始的话，开发工作也需要十数年，这是无法接受的。
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相反地，Stratis 采用 Linux 内核的其它一些已有特性：[device mapper][6] 子系统以及久经考验的高性能文件系统 [XFS][7]，其中前者被 LVM 用于提供 RAID、精简配置和其它块设备特性而广为人知。Stratis 将已有技术作为（技术架构中的）层来创建存储池，目标是通过集成为用户提供一个看似无缝的整体。
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@ -24,13 +27,13 @@ ZFS 和 Btrfs 让我们知道一件事情，即编写一个内核支持的 VMF
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对于增加新硬盘或将已有硬盘替换为更大容量的硬盘，ZFS 有一些限制，尤其是存储池做了冗余配置的时候，这一点让我们不太满意。当然，这么设计也是有其原因的，但我们更愿意将其视为可以改进的空间。
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最后，一旦掌握了 ZFS 的命令行工具，用户体验很好。我们希望让 Stratis 的命令行工具能够保持这种体验；同时，我们也很喜欢 ZFS 命令行工具的发展趋势，包括使用<ruby>必选参数<rt>positional parameters</rt></ruby>和控制每个命令需要的键盘输入量。
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最后，一旦掌握了 ZFS 的命令行工具，用户体验很好。我们希望让 Stratis 的命令行工具能够保持这种体验；同时，我们也很喜欢 ZFS 命令行工具的发展趋势，包括使用<ruby>位置参数<rt>positional parameters</rt></ruby>和控制每个命令需要的键盘输入量。
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（LCTT 译注：位置参数来自脚本，$n 代表第 n 个参数）
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### Stratis 从 Btrfs 学到哪些
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Btrfs 让我们满意的一点是，有单一的包含必选子命令的命令行工具。Btrfs 也将冗余（选择对应的 Btrfs profiles）视为存储池的特性之一。而且和 ZFS 相比实现方式更好理解，也允许增加甚至移除硬盘。
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Btrfs 让我们满意的一点是，有单一的包含位置子命令的命令行工具。Btrfs 也将冗余（选择对应的 Btrfs profiles）视为存储池的特性之一。而且和 ZFS 相比实现方式更好理解，也允许增加甚至移除硬盘。
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（LCTT 译注：Btrfs profiles 包括 single/DUP 和 各种 RAID 等类型）
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@ -55,12 +58,12 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/18/4/stratis-lessons-learned
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作者：[Andy Grover][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[pinewall](https://github.com/pinewall)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://opensource.com/users/agrover
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[1]:https://opensource.com/article/18/4/stratis-easy-use-local-storage-management-linux
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[1]:https://linux.cn/article-9736-1.html
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[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS
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[3]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs
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[4]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Development_and_Distribution_License
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@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
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Translating by MjSeven
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What is a Linux server and why does your business need one?
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======
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IT organizations strive to deliver business value by increasing productivity and delivering services faster while remaining flexible enough to incorporate innovations like cloud, containers, and configuration automation. Modern workloads, whether they run on bare metal, virtual machines, containers, or private or public clouds, are expected to be portable and scalable. Supporting all this requires a modern, secure platform.
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The most direct route to innovation is not always a straight line. With the growing adoption of private and public clouds, multiple architectures, and virtualization, today’s data center is like a globe, with varying infrastructure choices bringing it dimension and depth. And just as a pilot depends on air traffic controllers to provide continuous updates, your digital transformation journey should be guided by a trusted operating system like Linux to provide continuously updated technology and the most efficient and secure access to innovations like cloud, containers, and configuration automation.
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Linux is a family of free, open source software operating systems built around the Linux kernel. Originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture, Linux has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. Thanks to the dominance of the Linux kernel-based Android OS on smartphones, Linux has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems. Linux is also the leading operating system on servers and "big iron" systems such as mainframe computers, and it is the only OS used on [TOP500][1] supercomputers.
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To tap this functionality, many enterprise companies have adopted servers with a high-powered variant of the Linux open source operating system. These are designed to handle the most demanding business application requirements, such as network and system administration, database management, and web services. Linux servers are often chosen over other server operating systems for their stability, security, and flexibility. Leading Linux server operating systems include [Debian][2], [Ubuntu Server][3], [CentOS][4] [Slackware][5] , and [Gentoo][6]
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What features and benefits on an enterprise-grade Linux server should you consider for an enterprise workload? First, built-in security controls and scale-out manageability through interfaces that are familiar to both Linux and Windows administrators will enable you to focus on business growth instead of reacting to security vulnerabilities and costly management configuration mistakes. The Linux server you choose should provide security technologies and certifications and maintain enhancements to combat intrusions, protect your data, and meet regulatory compliance for an open source project or a specific OS vendor. It should:
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* **Deliver resources with security** using integrated control features such as centralized identity management and [Security-Enhanced Linux][7] (SELinux), mandatory access controls (MAC) on a foundation that is [Common Criteria-][8] and [FIPS 140-2-certified][9], as well as the first Linux container framework support to be Common Criteria-certified.
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* **Automate regulatory compliance and security configuration remediation** across your system and within containers with image scanning like [OpenSCAP][10] that checks, remediates against vulnerabilities and configuration security baselines, including against [National Checklist Program][11] content for [PCI-DSS][12], [DISA STIG][13], and more. Additionally, it should centralize and scale out configuration remediation across your entire hybrid environment.
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* **Receive continuous vulnerability security updates** from the upstream community itself or a specific OS vendor, which remedies and delivers all critical issues by next business day, if possible, to minimize business impact.
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As the foundation of your hybrid data center, the Linux server should provide platform manageability and flexible integration with legacy management and automation infrastructure. This will save IT staff time and reduce unplanned downtime compared to a non-paid Linux infrastructure. It should:
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* **Speed image building, deployment, and patch management** across the data center with built-in capabilities and enrich system life-cycle management, provisioning, and enhanced patching, and more.
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* **Manage individual systems from an easy-to-use web interface** that includes storage, networking, containers, services, and more.
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* **Automate consistency and compliance** across heterogeneous multiple environments and reduce scripting rework with system roles using native configuration management tools like [Ansible][14], [Chef][15], [Salt][16], [Puppet][17], and more.
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* **Simplify platform updates** with in-place upgrades that eliminate the hassle of machine migrations and application rebuilds.
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* **Resolve technical issues** before they impact business operations by using predictive analytics tools to automate identification and remediation of anomalies and their root causes.
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Linux servers are powering innovation around the globe. As the platform for enterprise workloads, a Linux server should provide a stable, secure, and performance-driven foundation for the applications that run the business of today and tomorrow.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/what-linux-server
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作者：[Daniel Oh][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://opensource.com/users/daniel-oh
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[1]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500
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[2]:https://www.debian.org/
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[3]:https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server
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[4]:https://www.centos.org/
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[5]:http://www.slackware.com/
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[6]:https://www.gentoo.org/
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[7]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security-Enhanced_Linux
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[8]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Criteria
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[9]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIPS_140-2
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[10]:https://www.open-scap.org/
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[11]:https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/national-checklist-program
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[12]:https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pci_security/
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[13]:https://iase.disa.mil/stigs/Pages/index.aspx
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[14]:https://www.ansible.com/
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[15]:https://www.chef.io/chef/
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[16]:https://saltstack.com/salt-open-source/
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[17]:https://puppet.com/
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@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
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什么是 Linux 服务器以及你的业务为什么需要它？
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=====
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IT 组织力求通过提高生产力和提供更快速的服务来提供商业价值，同时保持足够的灵活性，将云，容器和配置自动化等创新融入其中。现代的工作负载，无论是裸机，虚拟机，容器，还是私有云或公共云，都预计是可移植且可扩展的。支持所有的这些需要一个现代且安全的平台。
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通往创新最直接的途径并不总是一条直线。随着私有云和公共云，多种体系架构和虚拟化的日益普及，当今的数据中心就像一个球一样，基础设施的选择各不相同，从而带来了维度和深度。就像飞行员依赖空中交通管制员提供持续更新一样，数字化转型之旅应该由像 Linux 这样可信赖的操作系统来指导，以提供持续更新的技术，以及对云，容器和配置自动化等创新的最有效和安全的访问。
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Linux 是一个家族，它围绕 Linux 内核构建的免费开源软件操作系统。最初开发的基于 Intel x86 架构的个人电脑，此后比起任何其他操作系统，Linux 被移植到更多的平台上。得益于基于 Linux 内核的 Android 操作系统在智能手机上的主导地位，Linux 拥有所有通用操作系统中最大的安装基数。Linux 也是服务器和大型计算机等“大型机”系统的主要操作系统，也是 [TOP500][1] 超级计算机上唯一使用的操作系统。
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为了利用这一功能，许多企业公司已经采用具有高性能的 Linux 开源操作系统的服务器。这些旨在处理最苛刻的业务应用程序要求，如网络和系统管理，数据库管理和 Web 服务。Linux 服务器通常选择其他服务器操作系统(to 校正者：这句话望细心理解)，以保证它们的稳定性，安全性和灵活性。领先的 Linux 服务器操作系统包括 [Debian][2], [Ubuntu Server][3], [CentOS][4], [Slackware][5]和[Gentoo][6]。
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在企业级工作负载中，你应该考虑企业级 Linux 服务器上的哪些功能和优势？首先，通过对 Linux 和 Windows 管理员都熟悉的接口，内置的安全控制和可管理的扩展使你可以专注于业务增长，而不是对安全漏洞和昂贵的管理配置错误担心。你选择的 Linux 服务器应提供安全技术和认证，并保持增强以抵御入侵，保护你的数据，并满足一个开放源代码项目或特定系统供应商的合规性。它应该：
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* 使用集中式身份管理和[安全增强型 Linux][7]（SELinux），强制访问控制（MAC）等集成控制功能来**安全地交付资源**。这是[通用的标准][8] 和 [FIPS 140-2 认证][9]。并且第一个 Linux 容器框架支持是通用的标准认证。（to 校正：这段话不怎么通顺）
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* **自动执行法规遵从和安全配置修复** 应贯穿于你的系统和容器。通过像 OpenSCAP 的图像扫描，它应该检查，补救漏洞和配置安全基准，包括针对 [PCI-DSS][12], [DISA STIG][13] 等的[国家清单程序][11]内容。另外，它应该在整个混合环境中集中和扩展配置修复。
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* **持续接收漏洞安全更新**，从上游社区或特定的系统供应商，如有可能，可在下一工作日补救并提供所有关键问题，以最大限度地降低业务影响。
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作为混合数据中心的基础，Linux 服务器应提供平台可管理性和与传统管理和自动化基础设施的灵活集成。与非付费的 Linux 基础设施相比，这将节省 IT 员工的时间并减少意外停机的情况。它应该：
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* 通过内置功能 **加速整个数据中心的映像构建，部署和补丁管理**，并丰富系统生命周期管理，配置和增强的修补等等。
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* 通过一个 **简单易用的 web 界面管理单个系统**，包括存储，网络，容器，服务等等。
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* 通过使用 [Ansible][14], [Chef][15], [Salt][16], [Puppet][17] 等原生配置管理工具，可以跨异构多个环境实现 **自动化一致性和合规性**，并通过系统角色减少脚本返工。
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* 通过就地升级 **简化平台更新**，消除机器迁移和应用程序重建的麻烦。
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* 通过使用预测分析工具自动识别和修复异常情况及其根本原因，在技术问题影响业务运营之前 **解决技术问题**。
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Linux 服务器正在在全球范围内推动创新。作为一个企业工作负载的平台，Linux 服务器应该为运行当下和未来业务的应用程序提供稳定，安全和性能驱动的基础。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/what-linux-server
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作者：[Daniel Oh][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/daniel-oh
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[1]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOP500
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[2]:https://www.debian.org/
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[3]:https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server
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[4]:https://www.centos.org/
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[5]:http://www.slackware.com/
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[6]:https://www.gentoo.org/
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[7]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security-Enhanced_Linux
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[8]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Criteria
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[9]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIPS_140-2
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[10]:https://www.open-scap.org/
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[11]:https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/national-checklist-program
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[12]:https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pci_security/
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[13]:https://iase.disa.mil/stigs/Pages/index.aspx
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[14]:https://www.ansible.com/
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[15]:https://www.chef.io/chef/
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[16]:https://saltstack.com/salt-open-source/
|
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[17]:https://puppet.com/
|
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