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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Install MariaDB or MySQL on Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/10/mariadb-mysql-linux)
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[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
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Install MariaDB or MySQL on Linux
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======
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Get started using an open source SQL database on your Linux system.
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![Person standing in front of a giant computer screen with numbers, data][1]
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Both [MariaDB][2] and [MySQL][3] are open source databases that use SQL and share the same original codebase. MariaDB is a drop-in replacement for MySQL, so much so that you use the same command (`mysql`) to interact with MySQL and MariaDB databases. This article, therefore, applies equally to MariaDB and MySQL.
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### Install MariaDB
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You can install MariaDB using your Linux distribution's package manager. On most distributions, MariaDB is split into a server package and a client package. The server package provides the database "engine," the part of MariaDB that runs (usually on a physical server) in the background, listening for data input or requests for data output. The client package provides the command `mysql`, which you can use to communicate with the server.
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On RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, or similar:
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```
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`$ sudo dnf install mariadb mariadb-server`
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```
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On Debian, Ubuntu, Elementary, or similar:
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```
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`$ sudo apt install mariadb-client mariadb-server`
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```
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Other systems may package MariaDB differently systems, so you may need to search your software repository to learn how your distribution's maintainers provide it.
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### Start MariaDB
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Because MariaDB is designed to function, in part, as a database server, it can run on one computer and be administered from another. As long as you have access to the computer running it, you can use the `mysql` command to administer the database. I ran MariaDB on my local computer when writing this article, but it's just as likely that you'll interact with a MariaDB database hosted on a remote system.
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Before starting MariaDB, you must create an initial database. You should define the user you want MariaDB to use when initializing its file structure. By default, MariaDB uses the current user, but you probably want it to use a dedicated user account. Your package manager probably configured a system user and group for you. Use `grep` to find out whether there's a `mysql` group:
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```
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$ grep mysql /etc/group
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mysql❌27:
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```
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You can also look in `/etc/passwd` for a dedicated user, but usually, where there's a group, there's also a user. If there isn't a dedicated `mysql` user and group, look through `/etc/group` for an obvious alternative (such as `mariadb`). Failing that, read your distribution's documentation to learn how MariaDB runs.
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Assuming your install uses `mysql`, initialize the database environment:
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```
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$ sudo mysql_install_db --user=mysql
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Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/var/lib/mysql'...
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OK
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[...]
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```
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The result of this step reveals the next tasks you must perform to configure MariaDB:
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```
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PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER !
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To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
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'/usr/bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password'
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'/usr/bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h $(hostname) password 'new-password'
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Alternatively you can run:
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'/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation'
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which will also give you the option of removing the test
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databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
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strongly recommended for production servers.
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```
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Start MariaDB using your distribution's init system:
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```
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`$ sudo systemctl start mariadb`
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```
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To enable the MariaDB server to start upon boot:
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```
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`$ sudo systemctl enable --now mariadb`
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```
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Now that you have a MariaDB server to communicate with, set a password for it:
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```
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mysqladmin -u root password 'myreallysecurepassphrase'
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mysqladmin -u root -h $(hostname) password 'myreallysecurepassphrase'
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```
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Finally, if you intend to use this installation on a production server, run the `mysql_secure_installation` command before going live.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/20/10/mariadb-mysql-linux
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/data_metrics_analytics_desktop_laptop.png?itok=9QXd7AUr (Person standing in front of a giant computer screen with numbers, data)
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[2]: https://mariadb.org/
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[3]: https://www.mysql.com/
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117
translated/tech/20201013 Install MariaDB or MySQL on Linux.md
Normal file
117
translated/tech/20201013 Install MariaDB or MySQL on Linux.md
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@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Install MariaDB or MySQL on Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/10/mariadb-mysql-linux)
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[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
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在 Linux 上安装 MariaDB 或 MySQL
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======
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开始在 Linux 系统上使用开源的 SQL 数据库。
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![Person standing in front of a giant computer screen with numbers, data][1]
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[MariaDB][2] 和 [MySQL][3] 都是使用 SQL 的开源数据库，并且共享相同的原始代码库。MariaDB 是 MySQL 的替代品，因此你可以使用相同的命令 （`mysql`） 与 MySQL 和 MariaDB 数据库进行交互。因此，本文同时适用于 MariaDB 和 MySQL。
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### 安装 MariaDB
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你可以使用你的 Linux 发行版的包管理器安装 MariaDB。在大多数发行版上，MariaDB 分为服务器包和客户端包。服务器包提供了数据库”引擎“，即 MariaDB 在后台运行（通常在物理服务器上）的部分，它监听数据输入或数据输出请求。客户端包提供了 `mysql` 命令，你可以用它来与服务器通信。
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在 RHEL、Fedora、CentOS 或类似的发行版上：
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```
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`$ sudo dnf install mariadb mariadb-server`
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```
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在 Debian、Ubuntu、Elementary 或类似的发行版上：
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```
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`$ sudo apt install mariadb-client mariadb-server`
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```
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其他系统可能会以不同的系统打包 MariaDB，所以你可能需要搜索你的软件仓库来了解你的发行版的维护者是如何提供它的。
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### 启动 MariaDB
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因为 MariaDB 被设计成一部分作为数据库服务器的功能，它可以在一台计算机上运行，并从另一台计算机上进行管理。只要你能访问运行它的计算机，你就可以使用 `mysql` 命令来管理数据库。在写这篇文章时，我在本地计算机上运行了 MariaDB，但你同样可能会与远程系统上托管的 MariaDB 数据库进行交互。
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在启动 MariaDB 之前，你必须创建一个初始数据库。在初始化其文件结构时，你应该定义你希望 MariaDB 使用的用户。默认情况下，MariaDB 使用当前用户，但你可能希望它使用一个专用的用户帐户。你的包管理器可能为你配置了一个系统用户和组。使用 `grep` 查找是否有一个 `mysql` 组：
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```
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$ grep mysql /etc/group
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mysql❌27:
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```
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你也可以在 `/etc/passwd` 中寻找这个专门的用户，但通常情况下，有组的地方就有用户。如果没有专门的 `mysql` 用户和组，可以在 `/etc/group` 中寻找一个明显的替代（比如 `mariadb`）。如果没有，请阅读你的发行版文档来了解 MariaDB 是如何运行的。
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假设你的安装使用 `mysql`，初始化数据库环境：
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```
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$ sudo mysql_install_db --user=mysql
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Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/var/lib/mysql'...
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OK
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[...]
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```
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这一步的结果显示了接下来你必须执行的配置 MariaDB 的任务：
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```
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PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER !
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To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
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'/usr/bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password'
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'/usr/bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h $(hostname) password 'new-password'
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Alternatively you can run:
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'/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation'
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which will also give you the option of removing the test
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databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
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strongly recommended for production servers.
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```
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使用你的发行版的 init 系统启动 MariaDB：
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```
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`$ sudo systemctl start mariadb`
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```
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在启动时启用 MariaDB 服务器：
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```
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`$ sudo systemctl enable --now mariadb`
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```
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现在你已经有了一个 MariaDB 服务器，为它设置一个密码：
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```
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mysqladmin -u root password 'myreallysecurepassphrase'
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mysqladmin -u root -h $(hostname) password 'myreallysecurepassphrase'
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```
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最后，如果你打算在生产服务器上使用它，请在上线前运行 `mysql_secure_installation` 命令。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/20/10/mariadb-mysql-linux
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/data_metrics_analytics_desktop_laptop.png?itok=9QXd7AUr (Person standing in front of a giant computer screen with numbers, data)
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[2]: https://mariadb.org/
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[3]: https://www.mysql.com/
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