选题: How to use/run bash aliases over ssh based session

2025-01-28 23:20:10 +08:00 · 2017-12-27 18:08:23 +08:00 · 2017-12-27 18:08:23 +08:00 · 8ba290a8a4
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+How to use/run bash aliases over ssh based session
+======
+
+SSH client (ssh) is a Linux/Unix command for logging into a remote server and for executing shell commands on a remote system. It is designed to provide secure encrypted communications between two untrusted machines over an insecure network such as the Internet.
+
+## How to run or execute commands with Linux ssh client
+
+I have [set up a bash alias named file_repl][1] . It works entirely when I log in using ssh command. However, my bash aliases are not running over ssh, for example:How do I run bash shell aliases when I use ssh command?SSH client (ssh) is a Linux/Unix command for logging into a remote server and for executing shell commands on a remote system. It is designed to provide secure encrypted communications between two untrusted machines over an insecure network such as the Internet.
+
+To run a free command or [date command][2] with ssh:
+`$ ssh [[email protected]][3] date`
+Sample outputs:
+```
+Tue Dec 26 09:02:50 UTC 2017
+```
+
+OR
+`$ ssh [[email protected]][3] free -h`
+Sample outputs:
+```
+ 
+ total used free shared buff/cache available
+Mem: 2.0G 428M 138M 145M 1.4G 1.1G
+Swap: 0B 0B 0B
+```
+
+total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 2.0G 428M 138M 145M 1.4G 1.1G Swap: 0B 0B 0B
+
+## Understanding bash shall and command types
+
+The [bash shell understands][4] the following types of commands:
+
+  1. Aliases such as ll
+  2. Keywords such as if
+  3. Functions (user defined functions such as genpasswd)
+  4. Built in such as pwd
+  5. Files such as /bin/date
+
+
+
+The [type command][5] or [command command][6] can be used to find out a command type:
+```
+$ type -a date
+date is /bin/date
+$ type -a free
+free is /usr/bin/free
+$ command -V pwd
+pwd is a shell builtin
+$ type -a file_repl
+is aliased to `sudo -i /shared/takes/master.replication'
+```
+Both date and free are an external commands and file_repl is aliased to sudo -i /shared/takes/master.replication. One can not simply execute aliased command such as file_repl:
+
+```
+$ ssh user@remote file_repl
+```
+
+## Bash aliases not running or working over ssh client on Unix based system
+
+To solve this problem run ssh command as follows:
+```
+$ ssh -t [[email protected]][3] /bin/bash -ic 'your-alias-here'
+$ ssh -t [[email protected]][3] /bin/bash -ic 'file_repl'
+```
+Where ssh command options:
+
+  1.  **-t** :[ Force pseudo-terminal allocation. This can be used to execute arbitrary][7] screen-based programs on a remote machine, which can be very useful. With the -t option you will get an error that read as " bash: cannot set terminal process group (-1): Inappropriate ioctl for device. bash: no job control in this shell. "
+
+
+
+Where bash shell options:
+
+  1.  **-i** : Make the shell is interactive so that it can run bash aliases
+  2.  **-c** : Commands are read from the first non-option argument command_string. If there are arguments after the command_string, they are assigned to the positional parameters, starting with $0.
+
+In short run the following command to run a bash aliases called ll:
+`$ ssh -t [[email protected]][3] -ic 'll'`
+Sample session:
+[![Running bash aliases over ssh based session when using Unix or Linux ssh cli][8]][8]
+Here is my sample shell script:
+
+```
+#!/bin/bash
+I="tags.deleted.410"
+O="/tmp/https.www.cyberciti.biz.410.url.conf"
+box="vivek@server1.cyberciti.biz"
+[ ! -f "$I" ] && { echo "$I file not found."; exit 10; }
+>$O
+cat "$I" | sort | uniq | while read -r u
+do
+	uu="${u##https://www.cyberciti.biz}"
+	echo "~^$uu 1;" >>"${O}"
+done
+echo "Config file created at ${O} and now updating remote nginx config file"
+scp "${O}" ${box}:/tmp/
+ssh ${box} /usr/bin/lxc file push /tmp/https.www.cyberciti.biz.410.url.conf nginx-container/etc/nginx/
+ssh -t ${box} /bin/bash -ic 'push_config_job'
+```
+
+## References
+
+For more info see [OpenSSH client][9] and [bash man page][10] by typing the following commands:
+```
+$ man ssh
+$ man bash
+$ help type
+$ help command
+```
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/use-bash-aliases-ssh-based-session/
+
+作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz
+[1]:https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Alias_command#How_to_define_alias
+[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-date-command-howto-see-set-date-time/ (See Linux/Unix date command examples for more info)
+[3]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection
+[4]:https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Shell_commands
+[5]:https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Type_command
+[6]:https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Command
+[7]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-bsd-sudo-sorry-you-must-haveattytorun/
+[8]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2017/12/Bash-shell-aliase-not-found-when-run-over-ssh-on-linux-unix.jpg
+[9]:https://man.openbsd.org/ssh
+[10]:https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html