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translated by hopefully2333
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Install an NVIDIA GPU on almost any machine
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======
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Whether for research or recreation, installing a new GPU can bolster your computer’s performance and enable new functionality across the board. This installation guide uses Fedora 28’s brand-new third-party repositories to install NVIDIA drivers. It walks you through the installation of both software and hardware, and covers everything you need to get your NVIDIA card up and running. This process works for any UEFI-enabled computer, and any modern NVIDIA GPU.
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### Preparation
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This guide relies on the following materials:
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* A machine that is [UEFI][1] capable. If you’re uncertain whether your machine has this firmware, run sudo dmidecode -t 0. If “UEFI is supported” appears anywhere in the output, you are all set to continue. Otherwise, while it’s technically possible to update some computers to support UEFI, the process is often finicky and generally not recommended.
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* A modern, UEFI-enabled NVIDIA card
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* A power source that meets the wattage and wiring requirements for your NVIDIA card (see the Hardware & Modifications section for details)
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* Internet connection
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* Fedora 28
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### Example setup
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This example installation uses:
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* An Optiplex 9010 (a fairly old machine)
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* NVIDIA [GeForce GTX 1050 Ti XLR8 Gaming Overclocked Edition 4GB GDDR5 PCI Express 3.0][2] graphics card
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* In order to meet the power requirements of the new GPU, the power supply was upgraded to an [EVGA – 80 PLUS 600W ATX 12V/EPS 12V][3]. This new PSU was 300W above the minimum recommendation, but simply meeting the minimum recommendation is sufficient in most cases.
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* And, of course, Fedora 28.
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### Hardware and modifications
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#### PSU
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Open up your desktop case and check the maximum power output printed on your power supply. Next, check the documentation on your NVIDIA GPU and determine the minimum recommended power (in watts). Further, take a look at your GPU and see if it requires additional wiring, such as a 6-pin connector. Most entry-level GPUs only draw power directly from the motherboard, but some require extra juice. You’ll need to upgrade your PSU if:
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1. Your power supply’s max power output is below the GPU’s suggested minimum power. **Note:** According to some NVIDIA card manufacturers, pre-built systems may require more or less power than recommended, depending on the system’s configuration. Use your discretion to determine your requirements if you’re using a particularly power-efficient or power-hungry setup.
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2. Your power supply does not provide the necessary wiring to power your card.
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PSUs are straightforward to replace, but make sure to take note of the wiring layout before detaching your current power supply. Additionally, make sure to select a PSU that fits your desktop case.
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#### CPU
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Although installing a high-quality NVIDIA GPU is possible in many old machines, a slow or damaged CPU can “bottleneck” the performance of the GPU. To calculate the impact of the bottlenecking effect for your machine, click [here][4]. It’s important to know your CPU’s performance to avoid pairing a high-powered GPU with a CPU that can’t keep up. Upgrading your CPU is a potential consideration.
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#### Motherboard
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Before proceeding, ensure your motherboard is compatible with your GPU of choice. Your graphics card should be inserted into the PCI-E x16 slot closest to the heat-sink. Ensure that your setup contains enough space for the GPU. In addition, note that most GPUs today employ PCI-E 3.0 technology. Though these GPUs will run best if mounted on a PCI-E 3.0 x16 slot, performance should not suffer significantly with an older version slot.
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### Installation
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```
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sudo dnf update
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```
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2\. Next, reboot with the simple command:
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```
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reboot
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```
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3\. After reboot, install the Fedora 28 workstation repositories:
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```
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sudo dnf install fedora-workstation-repositories
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```
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4\. Next, enable the NVIDIA driver repository:
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```
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sudo dnf config-manager --set-enabled rpmfusion-nonfree-nvidia-driver
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```
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5\. Then, reboot again.
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6\. After the reboot, verify the addition of the repository via the following command:
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```
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sudo dnf repository-packages rpmfusion-nonfree-nvidia-driver info
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```
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If several NVIDIA tools and their respective specs are loaded, then proceed to the next step. If not, you may have encountered an error when adding the new repository and you should give it another shot.
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7\. Login, connect to the internet, and open the software app. Click Add-ons> Hardware Drivers> NVIDIA Linux Graphics Driver> Install.
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Then, reboot once again.
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8\. After reboot, go to ‘Show Applications’ on the side bar, and open up the newly added NVIDIA X Server Settings application. A GUI should open up, and a dialog box will appear with the following message:
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![NVIDIA X Server Prompt][5]
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Take the application’s advice, but before doing so, ensure you have your NVIDIA GPU on-hand and are ready to install. **Please note** that running nvidia xconfig as root and powering off without installing your GPU immediately may cause drastic damage. Doing so may prevent your computer from booting, and force you to repair the system through the reboot screen. A fresh install of Fedora may fix these issues, but the effects can be much worse.
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If you’re ready to proceed, enter the command:
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```
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sudo nvidia-xconfig
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```
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If the system prompts you to perform any downloads, accept them and proceed.
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9\. Once this process is complete, close all applications and **shut down** the computer. Unplug the power supply to your machine. Then, press the power button once to drain any residual power to protect yourself from electric shock. If your PSU has a power switch, switch it off.
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10\. Finally, install the graphics card. Remove the old GPU and insert your new NVIDIA graphics card into the proper PCI-E x16 slot, with the fans facing down. If there is no space for the fans to ventilate in this position, place the graphics card face up instead, if possible. When you have successfully installed the new GPU, close your case, plug in the PSU, and turn the computer on. It should successfully boot up.
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**NOTE:** To disable the NVIDIA driver repository used in this installation, or to disable all fedora workstation repositories, consult [The Fedora Wiki Page][6].
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### Verification
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1\. If your newly installed NVIDIA graphics card is connected to your monitor and displaying correctly, then your NVIDIA driver has successfully established a connection to the GPU.
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If you’d like to view your settings, or verify the driver is working (in the case that you have two GPUs installed on the motherboard), open up the NVIDIA X Server Settings app again. This time, you should not be prompted with an error message, and information on the X configuration file and your NVIDIA GPU should be available (see screenshot below).
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![NVIDIA X Server Settings][7]
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Through this app, you may alter your X configuration file should you please, and may monitor the GPU’s performance, clock speed, and thermal information.
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2\. To ensure the new card is working at capacity, a GPU performance test is needed. GL Mark 2, a benchmarking tool that provides information on buffering, building, lighting, texturing, etc, offers an excellent solution. GL Mark 2 records frame rates for a variety of different graphical tests, and outputs an overall performance score (called the glmark2 score).
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**Note:** glxgears will only test the performance of your screen or monitor, not the graphics card itself. Use GL Mark 2 instead.
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To run GLMark2:
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1. Open up a terminal and close all other applications
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2. sudo dnf install glmark2
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3. glmark2
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4. Allow the test to run to completion for best results. Check to see if the frame rates match your expectation for your NVIDA card. If you’d like additional verification, consult the web to determine if a glmark2 benchmark has been previously conducted on your NVIDA card model and published to the web. Compare scores to assess your GPUs performance.
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5. If your framerates and/or glmark2 score are below expected, consider potential causes. CPU-induced bottlenecking? Other issues?
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Assuming the diagnostics look good, enjoy using your new GPU.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/install-nvidia-gpu/
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作者：[Justice del Castillo][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://fedoramagazine.org/author/justice/
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[1]:https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Unified-Extensible-Firmware-Interface-UEFI
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[2]:https://www.cnet.com/products/pny-geforce-gtx-xlr8-gaming-1050-ti-overclocked-edition-graphics-card-gf-gtx-1050-ti-4-gb/specs/
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[3]:https://www.evga.com/products/product.aspx?pn=100-B1-0600-KR
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[4]:http://thebottlenecker.com (Home: The Bottle Necker)
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[5]:https://bytebucket.org/kenneym/fedora-28-nvidia-gpu-installation/raw/7bee7dc6effe191f1f54b0589fa818960a8fa18b/nvidia_xserver_error.jpg?token=c6a7effe35f1c592a155a4a46a068a19fd060a91 (NVIDIA X Sever Prompt)
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[6]:https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Workstation/Third_Party_Software_Repositories
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[7]:https://bytebucket.org/kenneym/fedora-28-nvidia-gpu-installation/raw/7bee7dc6effe191f1f54b0589fa818960a8fa18b/NVIDIA_XCONFIG.png?token=64e1a7be21e5e9ba157f029b65e24e4eef54d88f (NVIDIA X Server Settings)
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@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
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在绝大部分类型的机器上安装 NVIDIA 显卡驱动
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======
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无论是研究还是娱乐，安装一个最新的显卡驱动都能提升你的计算机性能，并且使你能全方位地实现新功能。本安装指南使用 Fedora 28 的新的第三方仓库来安装 NVIDIA 驱动。它将引导您完成硬件和软件两方面的安装，并且涵盖你需要得到的 NVIDIA 显卡启动和运行的一切。这个流程适用于任何支持 UEFI 的计算机和任意新的 NVIDIA 显卡。
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### 准备
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本指南依赖于下面这些材料：
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* 一台使用 UEFI 的计算机，如果你不确定你的电脑是否有这个这个固件，请运行 sudo dmidecode -t 0。如果输出中出现了“UEFI is supported”，你的安装过程就可以继续了。不然的话，虽然可以在技术上更新部分电脑来支持 UEFI，但是这个过程的要求很苛刻，我们通常不建议你这么使用。
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* 一个现代的，支持 UEFI 的 NVIDIA 的显卡
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* 一个满足你的 NVIDIA 显卡的功率和接线要求的电源（有关详细信息，请参考硬件和修改的章节）
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* 网络连接
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* Fedora 28 系统
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### 安装实例
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这个安装示例使用的是：
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* 一台 Optiplex 9010 的主机（一台相当老的机器）
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* NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti XLR8 游戏超频版 4 GB GDDR5 PCI Express 3.0 显卡
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* 为了满足新显卡的电源要求，电源升级为 EVGA – 80 PLUS 600 W ATX 12V/EPS 12V，这个最新的 PSU 比推荐的最低要求高了 300 W，但在大部分情况下，满足推荐的最低要求就足够了。
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* 然后，当然的，Fedora 28 也别忘了.
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### 硬件和修改
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#### PSU
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打开你的台式机的机箱，检查印刷在电源上的最大输出功率。然后，查看你的 NVIDIA 显卡的文档，确定推荐的最小电源功率要求（以瓦特为单位）。除此之外，检查你的显卡，看它是否需要额外的接线，例如 6 针口连接器，大多数的入门级显卡只从主板获取电力，但是有一些显卡需要额外的电力，如果出现以下情况，你需要升级的 PSU：
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1. 你的电源的最大输出功率低于显卡建议的最小电源功率。注意：根据一些显卡厂家的说法，比起推荐的功率，预先构建的系统可能会需要更多或更少的功率，而这取决于系统的配置。如果你使用的是一个特别耗电或者特别节能的配置，请灵活决定你的电源需求。
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2. 你的电源没有提供必须的接线口来为你的显卡供电。
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PSU 的更换很容易，但是在你拆除你当前正在使用的电源之前，请务必注意你的接线布局。除此之外，请确保你选择的 PSU 适合你的机箱。
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#### CPU
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虽然在大多数老机器上安装高性能的 NVIDIA 显卡是可能的，但是一个缓慢或受损的 CPU 会阻碍显卡性能的发挥，如果要计算在你的机器上瓶颈效果的影响，请点击这里。知道你的 CPU 性能来避免高性能的显卡和 CPU 无法保持匹配是很重要的。升级你的 CPU 是一个潜在的考虑因素。
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#### 主板
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在继续进行之前，请确认你的主板和你选择的显卡是兼容的。你的显卡应该插在最靠近散热器的 PCI-E x16 插槽中。确保你的设置为显卡预留了足够的空间。此外，请注意，现在大部分的显卡使用的都是 PCI-E 3.0 技术。虽然这些显卡如果插在 PCI-E 3.0 插槽上会运行地最好，但如果插在一个旧版的插槽上的话，性能也不会受到太大的影响。
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### 安装
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```
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sudo dnf update
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```
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2\. 然后，使用这条简单的命令进行重启：
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```
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reboot
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```
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3\. 在重启之后，安装 Fedora 28 的工作站仓库：
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```
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sudo dnf install fedora-workstation-repositories
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```
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4\. 接着，设置 NVIDIA 驱动仓库：
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```
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sudo dnf config-manager --set-enabled rpmfusion-nonfree-nvidia-driver
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```
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5\. 然后，再次重启。
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6\. 在这次重启之后，通过下面这条命令验证是否添加了仓库：
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```
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sudo dnf repository-packages rpmfusion-nonfree-nvidia-driver info
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```
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如果加载了多个 NVIDIA 工具和它们各自的参数，请继续进行下一步。如果没有，你可能在添加新仓库的时候遇到了一个错误。你应该再试一次。
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7\. 登陆，连接到互联网，然后打开软件应用程序。点击加载项>硬件驱动> NVIDIA Linux 图形驱动>安装。
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接着，再一次重启。
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8\. 在重新启动后，转到侧栏上的‘显示应用程序’，然后打开新添加的 NVIDIA X 服务器设置应用程序。一个图形界面会被打开，然后出现一个对话框并包含以下信息：
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![NVIDIA X Server Prompt][5]
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请参考应用程序的建议，但是在这样做之前，请确保你的 NVIDIA 显卡就在手里，并且已准备好去安装。请注意在以 root 身份运行 nvidia xconfig 的时候，如果在没有立刻安装显卡的情况下关闭电源，这可能会造成严重损坏。这样做可能会导致你的电脑无法启动，并强制你通过重启屏幕来修复系统。重新安装 Fedora 会修复这些问题，但是效果会更加糟糕。
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如果你已准备好继续，请输入下面这条命令：
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```
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sudo nvidia-xconfig
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```
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如果系统提示你完成任何地下载，请选择接收然后继续。
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9\. 一旦这个过程完成，关闭所有的应用程序并关闭电脑，拔掉机器的电源。然后，按一下电源按钮来释放掉多有的剩余电量，以此来保护你自己不会被点击。如果你的 PSU 有电源开关，请将其关闭。
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10\. 最后，安装显卡，拔掉老的显卡并将新的显卡插入到正确的 PCI-E x16 插槽中，风扇朝着下方。如果这个位置已经没有空间让风扇通风。那作为代替，如果可以的话就把显卡面朝上放置。成功安装新的显卡之后，关闭你的机箱，插入 PSU ，然后打开计算机，它应该会成功启动。
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**注意:** 要禁用此安装中使用的 NVIDIA 驱动仓库，或者要禁用所有的 Fedora 工作站仓库，请参考这个 Fedora Wiki 页面。
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### 验证
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1\. 如果你新安装的显卡已连接到你的显示器并显示正确，则表明你的 NVIDIA 驱动程序已成功和显卡建立连接。
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如果你想去查看你的设置，或者验证驱动是否在正常工作（如果机箱的主板里安装了两块显卡），再次打开 NVIDIA X 服务器设置应用程序。这次，你应该不会被提示一个错误信息，并且系统会给出有关 X 的设置文件和你的 NVIDIA 显卡的信息。（请参考下面的屏幕截图）
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![NVIDIA X Server Settings][7]
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通过这个应用程序，你可以根据你的需要需改 X 配置文件，并可以监控显卡的性能，时钟速度和温度信息。
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2\. 为确保新显卡以满功率运行，一次显卡性能测试是非常必要的。GL Mark 2，是一个提供后台处理、构建、照明、纹理等等有关信息的标准工具。它提供了一个优秀的解决方案。GL Mark 2 记录了各种各样的图形测试的帧速率，然后输出一个总体的性能评分（这被称为 glmark2 分数）。
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**注意:** glxgears 只会测试你的屏幕或显示器的性能，不会测试显卡本身，请使用 GL Mark 2。
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要运行 GLMark2:
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1. 打开终端并关闭其他所有的应用程序
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2. 运行 sudo dnf install glmark2 命令
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3. 运行 glmark2 命令
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4. 允许运行完整的测试来得到最好的结果。检查帧速率是否符合你对这块显卡的预期。如果你想要额外的验证，你可以查阅网站来确认是否已有你这块显卡的 glmark2 测试评分被公布到网上，你可以比较这个分数来评估你这块显卡的性能。
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5. 如果你的帧速率或者 glmark2 评分低于预期，请思考潜在的因素。CPU 造成的瓶颈？其他问题导致？
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||||
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||||
如果诊断的结果很好，就开始享受你的新显卡吧。
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||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/install-nvidia-gpu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Justice del Castillo][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[hopefully2333](https://github.com/hopefully2333)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://fedoramagazine.org/author/justice/
|
||||
[1]:https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Unified-Extensible-Firmware-Interface-UEFI
|
||||
[2]:https://www.cnet.com/products/pny-geforce-gtx-xlr8-gaming-1050-ti-overclocked-edition-graphics-card-gf-gtx-1050-ti-4-gb/specs/
|
||||
[3]:https://www.evga.com/products/product.aspx?pn=100-B1-0600-KR
|
||||
[4]:http://thebottlenecker.com (Home: The Bottle Necker)
|
||||
[5]:https://bytebucket.org/kenneym/fedora-28-nvidia-gpu-installation/raw/7bee7dc6effe191f1f54b0589fa818960a8fa18b/nvidia_xserver_error.jpg?token=c6a7effe35f1c592a155a4a46a068a19fd060a91 (NVIDIA X Sever Prompt)
|
||||
[6]:https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Workstation/Third_Party_Software_Repositories
|
||||
[7]:https://bytebucket.org/kenneym/fedora-28-nvidia-gpu-installation/raw/7bee7dc6effe191f1f54b0589fa818960a8fa18b/NVIDIA_XCONFIG.png?token=64e1a7be21e5e9ba157f029b65e24e4eef54d88f (NVIDIA X Server Settings)
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user