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published/20210415 A beginner-s guide to load balancing.md
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[#]: subject: (A beginner's guide to load balancing)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/4/load-balancing)
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||||
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
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||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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||||
[#]: translator: (FYJNEVERFOLLOWS)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-15121-1.html)
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负载均衡的初学者指南
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> 负载均衡就是将资源分配到某一时刻最需要它的地方。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
当个人电脑刚开始发展的时候，一个家庭可能只有一台（或更少）的电脑。孩子们白天玩电脑游戏，家长们晚上在业务支撑系统上做会计、编程，或者漫游。然而，想象一下今天一个只有一台电脑的家庭，你可以预想到这样会产生什么样的冲突。每个人都想使用电脑，而只有一副键盘和鼠标。
|
||||
|
||||
随着计算机变得越来越普遍，IT 行业或多或少也出现了同样的情况。对服务和服务器的需求已经增长到了会因为用量过大而停机的程度。幸运的是，我们现在有了负载均衡的概念来帮助我们处理需求。
|
||||
|
||||
### 负载均衡是什么？
|
||||
|
||||
负载均衡是一个通用术语，指的是为了确保高效分配所管理的资源而做的事情。对于 Web 服务器的系统管理员来说，负载均衡通常意味着确保 Web 服务器软件（例如 [Nginx][2]）配置了足够的工作节点来处理激增的访客。换言之，如果一个网站突然变得非常受欢迎，其访问者在几分钟内增加了四倍，那么运行服务器的软件必须能够响应每个访问者，并不能让任何访问者发现服务质量下降。对于简单的网站，这就像修改一行配置选项一样简单，但对于具有动态内容的复杂站点，每个用户都有多个数据库查询，这可能是一个严重的问题。
|
||||
|
||||
这个问题本应随着云计算的发展而解决，但当 Web 应用程序遇到意外激增时，无法扩展也不是不可能。
|
||||
|
||||
在进行负载均衡时，需要记住的重要一点是，*高效地*分配资源并不一定意味着*平均地*分配资源。并非所有任务都在任何时候都需要所有的可用资源。一个智能的负载均衡策略仅在需要资源时才为用户和任务提供资源。这通常是应用程序开发人员的领域，而不是 IT 基础架构的责任。异步应用程序对于确保离开计算机休息的用户不占用服务器上的宝贵资源至关重要。
|
||||
|
||||
### 负载均衡是怎么工作的？
|
||||
|
||||
负载均衡通过在多个计算节点上分配工作负载来避免瓶颈。这些节点可能是数据中心中的物理服务器、云环境中的容器、用于边缘计算而战略性放置的服务器、复杂应用程序框架中的独立 Java 虚拟机（JVM），或在单个 Linux 服务器上运行的守护进程。
|
||||
|
||||
这个想法是把一个大问题分成几个小任务，并把每个任务分配给一台专用计算机。例如，对于一个要求用户登录的网站，该网站可能托管在服务器 A 上，而登录页面和所有随附的身份验证查询都托管在服务器 B 上。这样，新用户登录帐户时就不会占用其它使用该站点的用户的资源。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 云计算负载均衡
|
||||
|
||||
云计算使用 [容器][3]，因此通常没有单独的物理服务器来处理不同的任务（实际上，有许多单独的服务器，但它们被聚集在一起作为一个计算“大脑”）。相反，“<ruby>容器荚<rt>pod</rt></ruby>” 是由几个容器创建的。当一个容器荚由于其用户或任务负载而开始耗尽资源时，会生成一个相同的容器荚。容器荚共享存储和网络资源，每个容器荚在创建时被分配给一个计算节点。可以根据负载需要创建或销毁容器荚，这样无论有多少用户，用户都可以体验到一致的服务质量。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 边缘计算
|
||||
|
||||
[边缘计算][4] 在负载均衡时考虑到了现实世界。云计算自然是一个分布式系统，但实际上，云计算的节点通常集中在几个数据中心。用户离运行云计算的数据中心越远，他们为获得最佳服务所必须克服的物理障碍就越多。即使有光纤连接和适当的负载均衡，位于 3000 英里外的服务器的响应时间也可能比仅仅 300 英里外的响应时间长。
|
||||
|
||||
边缘计算将计算节点带到云计算的“边缘”，试图弥合地理鸿沟，为云计算形成一种卫星网络，因此它也在良好的负载均衡工作中发挥了作用。
|
||||
|
||||
### 什么是负载均衡算法？
|
||||
|
||||
有许多负载均衡策略，它们的复杂性取决于所涉及的技术和需求。负载均衡不必复杂，而且从一开始就负载均衡很重要，即使在使用 [Kubernetes][5] 和 [Keepalived][6] 这样的专用软件时也是如此。
|
||||
|
||||
当你可以设计应用程序，自己为它采取简单的预防措施时，不要依赖容器来均衡负载。如果你从一开始就将应用程序设计为模块化和临时性的，那么你将受益于通过巧妙的网络设计、容器编排和其他未来技术带来的负载均衡机会。
|
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|
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可以指导应用程序开发人员或网络工程师工作的一些流行算法包括：
|
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|
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* 按顺序将任务分配给服务器（这通常被称为轮询调度）。
|
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* 将任务分配给当前最不繁忙的服务器。
|
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* 将任务分配给具有响应最快的服务器。
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* 随机分配任务。
|
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|
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举个例子，在分配特别复杂的任务时，可以组合或加权这些原则以分配到组中最强大的服务器。通常使用 [编排][7]，这样管理员就不必为负载均衡寻找完美的算法或策略，尽管有时需要由管理员选择使用哪种负载均衡方案组合。
|
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|
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### 预料意料之外
|
||||
|
||||
负载均衡实际上并不是要确保在整个网络中均匀使用所有资源。负载均衡实际上是确保即使发生意外情况也能提供可靠的用户体验。良好的基础设施可以承受计算机崩溃、应用程序过载、网络流量冲击和用户错误。思考你的服务如何才能具有弹性，并从头开始相应地设计负载均衡策略。
|
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|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/load-balancing
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[FYJNEVERFOLLOWS](https://github.com/FYJNEVERFOLLOWS)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/water-stone-balance-eight-8.png?itok=1aht_V5V (eight stones balancing)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/business/15/4/nginx-open-source-platform
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/resources/what-are-linux-containers
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/edge-computing
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/resources/what-is-kubernetes
|
||||
[6]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/keepalived-basics
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/20/11/orchestration-vs-automation
|
||||
@ -3,21 +3,22 @@
|
||||
[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "KevinZonda"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15120-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Pro 现在免费为你提供 10 年的安全更新
|
||||
======
|
||||
一个免费的 Ubuntu Pro 计划，每个人都可以获得 10 年的安全更新。 这是个好消息。
|
||||
|
||||
> 好消息：一个免费的 Ubuntu Pro 计划，每个人都可以获得 10 年的安全更新。
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu Pro 现在免费为你提供 10 年的安全更新][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Canonical 为 Ubuntu Pro 引入了一个免费计价层，该层针对个人使用和小规模部署。
|
||||
|
||||
**Ubuntu Pro** 订阅（以前称为 Ubuntu Advantage）最初是为企业提供的，用于为他们提供 Ubuntu LTS 版本的扩展安全维护更新，额外更新 5 年。
|
||||
**Ubuntu Pro** 订阅（以前称为 “Ubuntu Advantage”）最初是为企业提供的，用于为他们额外提供 5 年的 Ubuntu LTS 版本的扩展安全维护更新。
|
||||
|
||||
免费计价层已在公共测试版中提供。
|
||||
该免费计价层已在公共测试版中提供。
|
||||
|
||||
### 对于个人与数据中心的 Ubuntu Pro
|
||||
|
||||
@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ Canonical 为 Ubuntu Pro 引入了一个免费计价层，该层针对个人使
|
||||
|
||||
随着此次发布，Canonical 首席执行官 Mark Shuttleworth 表示：
|
||||
|
||||
> 自从我们首次推出 Ubuntu LTS 以来，主操作系统免费提供五年的安全保障，我们的企业客户要求我们根据私人商业协议覆盖越来越广泛的开源领域。今天，我们很高兴通过免费的个人 Ubuntu Pro 订阅免费向世界上的任何人提供！
|
||||
> 自从我们首次推出 Ubuntu LTS 以来，并为这个主要的操作系统免费提供五年的安全保障，我们的企业客户要求我们在私人商业协议下覆盖越来越广泛的开源领域。今天，我们很高兴通过免费的个人 Ubuntu Pro 订阅免费向世界上的任何人提供！
|
||||
|
||||
与标准发行版相比，Ubuntu Pro 的主要优势在于不断提供安全补丁。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ Canonical 为 Ubuntu Pro 引入了一个免费计价层，该层针对个人使
|
||||
|
||||
安全维护更新会定期推出，尤其是在发现新的 CVE（常见漏洞和暴露）时。
|
||||
|
||||
用户可以利用 [Livepatch][4] 来应用安全补丁，而无需关闭他们的系统。 这包含在 Ubuntu Pro 订阅中。
|
||||
用户可以利用 [Livepatch][4] 来应用安全补丁，而无需关闭他们的系统。这包含在 Ubuntu Pro 订阅中。
|
||||
|
||||
小型企业和个人还可以使用合规管理所需的各种工具，支持 PCI-DSS、HIPAA、FedRAMP 等合规标准，并作为 Ubuntu Pro 订阅的一部分。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -49,13 +50,13 @@ Canonical 为 Ubuntu Pro 引入了一个免费计价层，该层针对个人使
|
||||
|
||||
这个免费的 Ubuntu Pro 订阅层的推出可以帮助 [Canonical][5] 吸引更多用户使用 Ubuntu，这对于计算机用户采用 Linux 来说是一件好事。
|
||||
|
||||
您只需在他们的 [官方网站][6] 上注册个人 Ubuntu Pro 订阅。
|
||||
你只需在他们的 [官方网站][6] 上注册个人 Ubuntu Pro 订阅。
|
||||
|
||||
更多详情，请查看[官方公告][7]。
|
||||
|
||||
[注册 Ubuntu Pro][8]
|
||||
> **[注册 Ubuntu Pro][8]**
|
||||
|
||||
💬 *你认为你会选择免费的个人 Ubuntu Pro 订阅吗？ 或者，你认为你会每 5 年升级到新的 LTS 版本吗？*
|
||||
💬 *你会考虑选择免费的个人 Ubuntu Pro 订阅吗？ 或者，你认为你会每 5 年升级到新的 LTS 版本吗？*
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -63,8 +64,8 @@ via: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-pro-free/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sourav Rudra][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[KevinZonda](https://github.com/KevinZonda)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "A New Open Source Vulkan Driver for NVIDIA Graphics is Ready to Test!"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/nvidia-nvk/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "Cubik65536"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
A New Open Source Vulkan Driver for NVIDIA Graphics is Ready to Test!
|
||||
======
|
||||
A new open-source driver is in the making for NVIDIA graphics! Some good progress here...
|
||||
|
||||
![A New Open Source Vulkan Driver for NVIDIA Graphics is Ready to Test!][1]
|
||||
|
||||
**NVK** is a new open-source Vulkan driver for NVIDIA Graphics hardware and aims to be the new go-to graphics driver.
|
||||
|
||||
This was made possible in part due to Nvidia releasing open-source GPU kernel modules for its data center GPUs and consumer cards (GTX/RTX).
|
||||
|
||||
[NVIDIA Takes a Big Step to Improve its GPU Experience on Linux][2]
|
||||
|
||||
It has enabled developers to improve open-source drivers and enable more features than what was possible before.
|
||||
|
||||
Let's take a look at what NVK has to offer.
|
||||
|
||||
### New NVK Open-Source Driver for NVIDIA GPU
|
||||
|
||||
**Jason Ekstrand** (engineer at Collabora) and a few others from Red Hat have been writing the code for NVK for the past few months.
|
||||
|
||||
They could take advantage of the unified firmware BLOBs that Turing GPUs offer, and built on top of it with Vulkan support.
|
||||
|
||||
**But, open-source nouveau drivers exist, right?**
|
||||
|
||||
NVK is very different from the nouveau drivers, as it has been written from scratch.
|
||||
|
||||
Nouveau, a major open-source driver suite for Nvidia GPUs has fallen into disrepair, and trying to build on it is a task not many can take up.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, skillful engineers worked on it, but lack of corporate backing and contributors affected its evolution.
|
||||
|
||||
**NVK aims to get over those while focusing on support for GPUs of the Turing series and later to start with.**
|
||||
|
||||
Support for older GPUs such as Kepler, Maxwell, and Pascal might not come to NVK that easily, because of how the kernel is being developed. It might have a hard dependency on the new kernel, resulting in support for newer GPUs only.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, the nouveau kernel interface not playing nice with Vulkan and hindering support for older GPUs.
|
||||
|
||||
But, there is still scope for further testing, which can result in support for older GPUs with NVK.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, with more community contributions, NVK can be improved with additional features and GPU support.
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Try It Out?
|
||||
|
||||
NVK is currently available in a very alpha-build state, with many features missing and under constant development.
|
||||
|
||||
**So, it is not yet ready for all kinds of users to get a hands on it.**
|
||||
|
||||
You can still try it out by pulling and building it from the nvk/main branch from the [nouveau/mesa project][4] on freedesktop.org.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want, you can also contribute to the development of NVK by heading over to the [nvk/main branch][5] of the same.
|
||||
|
||||
For more technical info, you can refer to the [official announcement][6].
|
||||
|
||||
### Future Potential
|
||||
|
||||
NVK has a lot of potential, especially compared to the aging [nouveau][7] graphics driver suite.
|
||||
|
||||
This can lead to a proper successor of nouveau and a mainstream open-source Nvidia graphics driver suite for Linux with a lot of functionality on offer.
|
||||
|
||||
💬 *What are your thoughts on this? Do you think this will finally achieve what nouveau drivers failed to?*
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/nvidia-nvk/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sourav Rudra][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[Cubik65536](https://github.com/Cubik65536)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/10/opensource-native-vulkan-gpu-driver-for-nvidia.png
|
||||
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/nvidia-open-source-linux/
|
||||
[4]: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/nouveau/mesa
|
||||
[5]: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/nouveau/mesa/-/tree/nvk/main/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.collabora.com/news-and-blog/news-and-events/introducing-nvk.html
|
||||
[7]: https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/
|
||||
@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How to Use Picture in Picture Mode in Brave Browser"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/picture-in-picture-brave/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
How to Use Picture in Picture Mode in Brave Browser
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Brave is an excellent Chrome-like and yet [Chrome alternative web browser][1].
|
||||
|
||||
[Firefox and Brave][2] are two browsers I like using on my Linux system. Both have different advantages.
|
||||
|
||||
There is one thing that Firefox does better than Brave and it is the picture-in-picture (PIP) mode that works on YouTube, Netflix and most streaming sites.
|
||||
|
||||
Brave too has picture-in-picture mode but it’s so hidden that you feel like there is no PIP support at all.
|
||||
|
||||
The built-in picture-in-picture works on some websites (like YouTube) but may not work on others (like Prime Video). Worry not! you can use a dedicated extension for that.
|
||||
|
||||
Let me show both methods in this tutorial.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method 1: Use double right click on the video
|
||||
|
||||
**The trick is to do two right clicks one after another and you should see the option Picture in Picture mode.**
|
||||
|
||||
Let me show this by an example. Play a YouTube video in Brave. Now right-click on the video. You
|
||||
|
||||
![Move the cursor slightly away from the context menu after the first right click][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Do another right click. It should be on the video but not on the previous context menu. Just someplace else on the video.
|
||||
|
||||
Now you should see another context menu with the Picture in picture option.
|
||||
|
||||
![You should see the Picture in picture option in the second right click][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Select the Picture in picture and the video will pop out in its own window. You can move it anywhere in the browser.
|
||||
|
||||
![Picture-in-picture mode in Brave browser][5]
|
||||
|
||||
You can also keep it playing anywhere on the screen while you use some other application.
|
||||
|
||||
![Brave playing picture in picture mode][6]
|
||||
|
||||
You can resize the pop-up window as per your liking in the recent Brave versions.
|
||||
|
||||
I don’t understand why Brave has it hidden like this. Why not give it prominence?
|
||||
|
||||
Anyway, this works on websites like YouTube but may not work on Prime videos. If you want that, you can install an extension.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method 2: Use Picture-in-Picture extension
|
||||
|
||||
There is an official plugin from Google that allows you to get the Picture-in-Picture feature in Google Chrome. Since Brave is based on Chromium, you can use the same extension in Brave.
|
||||
|
||||
[Picture-in-Picture Extension][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Go to the extension page and **hit the Add to Brave button**.
|
||||
|
||||
![Add Picture-in-Picture Extension to Brave][8]
|
||||
|
||||
When you click on that, it gives you the option to add the extension.
|
||||
|
||||
![Add the extension][9]
|
||||
|
||||
Once you have added the extension, you should see it in the top right corner of the browser.
|
||||
|
||||
![Using Picture in Picture Extension][10]
|
||||
|
||||
When you are playing a video, click on the extension and the video should pop out.
|
||||
|
||||
### Were you able to enable PIP mode in Brave?
|
||||
|
||||
Picture in Picture mode has become an essential feature for casual streaming consumption. I find it strange that Brave and other browsers haven’t paid enough attention to it. Firefox handles it excellently.
|
||||
|
||||
I hope this quick little tip helped you to get the PIP experience in Brave browser. Which of the two methods do you prefer? Right-click or the extension?
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/picture-in-picture-brave/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-browsers-linux/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/brave-vs-firefox/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/getting-picture-in-picture-in-brave-1.png
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/getting-picture-in-picture-in-brave-2.webp
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brave-picture-in-picture-youtube.webp
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brave-playing-picture-in-picture-mode-on-screen.webp
|
||||
[7]: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/picture-in-picture-extens/hkgfoiooedgoejojocmhlaklaeopbecg/related?hl=en-US
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/picture-in-picture-extension-google-chrome-web.png
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/add-picture-in-picture-extension-to-brave.webp
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/picture-in-picture-extension.png
|
||||
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/enable-rpm-fusion-fedora-rhel-centos/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How to Create LVM Partition Step-by-Step in Linux"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.linuxtechi.com/how-to-create-lvm-partition-in-linux/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "James Kiarie https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/james/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
How to Create LVM Partition Step-by-Step in Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
In this guide, we will cover how to create lvm partition step-by-step in Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
LVM stands for Logical Volume Management, it is the recommended way to manage disk or storage on Linux systems specially for servers. One of the main advantages of LVM partition is that we can extend its size online without any downtime. LVM partition can also be reduced but it is not recommended.
|
||||
|
||||
For the demo purpose, I have attached 15GB disk to my Ubuntu 22.04 system, we will create LVM partition on this disk from the command line.
|
||||
|
||||
##### Prerequisites
|
||||
|
||||
* Raw disk attached to Linux system
|
||||
* Local User with Sudo rights
|
||||
* Pre-Installed lvm2 package
|
||||
|
||||
Without further ado, let’s deep dive into the steps.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 1) Identify new attached raw disk
|
||||
|
||||
Login to your system, open the terminal and run following dmesg command,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dmesg | grep -i sd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In the output, look for new disk attached of size 15GB,
|
||||
|
||||
![dmesg-command-new-attached-disk-linux][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Alternate way to identify new attached raw disk is via fdisk command,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo fdisk -l | grep -i /dev/sd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Output,
|
||||
|
||||
![fdisk-command-output-new-disk][2]
|
||||
|
||||
From output above, it is confirmed that new attached disk is ‘/dev/sdb’
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 2) Create PV (Physical Volume)
|
||||
|
||||
Before start creating pv on disk /dev/sdb, make sure lvm2 package is installed. In case it is not installed, then run following command,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo apt install lvm2 // On Ubuntu / Debian
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install lvm2 // on RHEL / CentOS
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Run following pvcreate command to create pv on disk /dev/sdb,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo pvcreate /dev/sdb
|
||||
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To verify pv status run,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo pvs /dev/sdb
|
||||
Or
|
||||
$ sudo pvdisplay /dev/sdb
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![pvdisplay-command-output-linux][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 3) Create VG (Volume Group)
|
||||
|
||||
To create a volume group, we will use vgcreate command. Creating VG means adding pv to the volume group.
|
||||
|
||||
Syntax :
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo vgcreare <vg_name> <pv>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In our case, command would be,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo vgcreate volgrp01 /dev/sdb
|
||||
Volume group "volgrp01" successfully created
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Run following commands to verify the status of vg (volgrp01)
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo vgs volgrp01
|
||||
Or
|
||||
$ sudo vgdisplay volgrp01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Output of above commands,
|
||||
|
||||
![vgs-command-output-linux][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Above output confirms that volume group (volgrp01) of size 15 GiB is created successful and size of one physical extend (PE) is 4 MB. PE size can be changed while creating vg.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 4) Create LV (Logical Volume)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Lvcreate command is used to create LV from the VG. Syntax of lvcreate command would look like below,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo lvcreate -L <Size-of-LV> -n <LV-Name> <VG-Name>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In our case, following command will be used to create lv of size 14 GB
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo lvcreate -L 14G -n lv01 volgrp01
|
||||
Logical volume "lv01" created.
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Validate the status of lv, run
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo lvs /dev/volgrp01/lv01
|
||||
or
|
||||
$ sudo lvdisplay /dev/volgrp01/lv01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Output,
|
||||
|
||||
![lvs-command-output-linux][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Output above shows that LV (lv01) has been created successfully of size 14 GiB.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 5) Format LVM Partition
|
||||
|
||||
Use mkfs command to format the lvm partition. In our case lvm partition is /dev/volgrp01/lv01
|
||||
|
||||
Note: We can format the partition either ext4 or xfs, so choose the file system type according to your setup and requirement.
|
||||
|
||||
Run following command to format LVM partition as ext4 file system.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/volgrp01/lv01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![mkfs-ext4-filesystem-lvm][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Execute beneath command to format the lvm partition with xfs file system,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/volgrp01/lv01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To use above formatted partition, we must mount it on some folder. So, let’s create a folder /mnt/data
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/data
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Now run mount command to mount it on /mnt/data folder,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mount /dev/volgrp01/lv01 /mnt/data/
|
||||
$ df -Th /mnt/data/
|
||||
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
||||
/dev/mapper/volgrp01-lv01 ext4 14G 24K 13G 1% /mnt/data
|
||||
$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Try to create some dummy file, run following commands,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cd /mnt/data/
|
||||
$ echo "testing lvm partition" | sudo tee dummy.txt
|
||||
$ cat dummy.txt
|
||||
testing lvm partition
|
||||
$
|
||||
$ sudo rm -f dummy.txt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Perfect, above commands output confirm that we can access lvm partition.
|
||||
|
||||
To mount above lvm partition permanently, add its entries in fstab file using following echo command,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ echo '/dev/volgrp01/lv01 /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
|
||||
$ sudo mount -a
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
That’s all from this guide, thanks for the reading. Kindly do post your queries and feedback in below comments section.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/how-to-create-lvm-partition-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[James Kiarie][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/james/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/dmesg-command-new-attached-disk-linux.png
|
||||
[2]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/fdisk-command-output-new-disk.png
|
||||
[3]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/pvdisplay-command-output-linux.png
|
||||
[4]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/vgs-command-output-linux.png
|
||||
[5]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/lvs-command-output-linux.png
|
||||
[6]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/mkfs-ext4-filesystem-lvm.png
|
||||
155
sources/tech/20221008 How to Use Raspberry Pi via VNC.md
Normal file
155
sources/tech/20221008 How to Use Raspberry Pi via VNC.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How to Use Raspberry Pi via VNC"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/vnc-raspberry-pi/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Pratham Patel https://itsfoss.com/author/pratham/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
How to Use Raspberry Pi via VNC
|
||||
======
|
||||
Building a project where you need to access the Raspberry Pi remotely?
|
||||
|
||||
You can [enable SSH on the Pi][1] and access it remotely via a terminal from another system.
|
||||
|
||||
However, not everyone is comfortable with the terminal and commands.
|
||||
|
||||
An alternative is to access the Raspberry Pi via VNC. This way, you create a remote connection to the Pi and use it graphically like it was connected to your monitor and keyboard.
|
||||
|
||||
![controlling raspberry pi with vnc][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, such a connection may lag a little depending on the Raspberry Pi system configuration and network speed.
|
||||
|
||||
But at least you get to access it graphically remotely.
|
||||
|
||||
It consists of these steps:
|
||||
|
||||
* Enable VNC from settings in Raspberry Pi
|
||||
* Use a VNC client on the remote computer from where you want to access your Pi (on the same subnetwork)
|
||||
* (optionally) Setup complicated VNC configuration or use paid option of Real VNC to access the Pi over the internet
|
||||
|
||||
Let me show you how to remote into the Raspberry Pi using the VNC software. But first, a quick
|
||||
|
||||
### What is VNC?
|
||||
|
||||
The term VNC stands for **Virtual Network Computing**. Think of it as SSH but with GUI. It lets you remote into a computer on a network and allows you to control it using the normal GUI as if you’re physically using it.**VNC is equivalent to the TeamViewer** sort of application.
|
||||
|
||||
In our case, VNC will help us control the Raspberry Pi over the network, but as if the mouse, keyboard and display were physically attached to the Raspberry Pi. VNC is not limited to being used on PCs. You can control your Raspberry Pi from a phone or a tablet as well!
|
||||
|
||||
**There are several VNC software available. I am going to use RealVNC here. It’s (probably) a proprietary solution from the original creators of the VNC protocol.**
|
||||
|
||||
### Step1: Enable VNC on Raspberry Pi
|
||||
|
||||
Usually, Raspberry Pi OS should already have the required packages installed. However, you can ensure that by installing them again.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install realvnc-vnc-server realvnc-vnc-viewer
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once you have the necessary package, proceed to enable the VNC service.
|
||||
|
||||
There are two ways of enabling the VNC service; using the GUI or using the raspi-config CLI tool. I’ll discuss both.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Method 1: Using the GUI
|
||||
|
||||
This is the easiest way to enable the VNC service. The steps to do so are as follows (for the default Raspberry Pi OS):
|
||||
|
||||
1. From the top bar, select Menu > Preferences > Raspberry Pi Configuration.
|
||||
2. In the application view, go to the Interfaces tab.
|
||||
3. Make sure that the VNC service is set to Enabled.
|
||||
|
||||
![Screenshot of Raspberry Pi Configuration tool with VNC enabled][3]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Method 2: Using the ‘raspi-config’ tool
|
||||
|
||||
The ‘raspi-config’ tool is a lifesaver on the Raspberry Pi. It has all various knobs that you can tweak to achieve your desirable configuration.
|
||||
|
||||
To enable the VNC service, execute the following command in your terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo raspi-config
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This will start the raspi-config tool in your terminal. Go to **Interfacing Options** and find the option that says **VNC** and enable it.
|
||||
|
||||
![raspi config][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Done! You now have set your Raspberry Pi as your VNC server.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 2: Connecting to the Raspberry Pi (over LAN)
|
||||
|
||||
You enabled the VNC server on Raspberry Pi. Let’s connect to it.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Get the Raspberry Pi’s IP address
|
||||
|
||||
There are several ways to get Raspberry Pi’s IP address. You can check your router for all devices; or if you are already SSH-ed into the Raspberry Pi, it is best to use the ‘hostname’ command like so:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
hostname -I
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Running the ‘hostname’ command will give you the IP address assigned to the Raspberry Pi.
|
||||
|
||||
Please note that if your Raspberry Pi does not get assigned a static IP address by your router, it might change down the road.
|
||||
|
||||
On my network, the Raspberry Pi got ‘192.168.11.4’ as its IP address. So, this is what I will be using. Yours will be different.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Get RealVNC Client
|
||||
|
||||
Just like SSH needs a server and client software, VNC needs a client too. You can visit RealVNC’s website to download the client respective to the OS on your PC/phone/tablet.
|
||||
|
||||
![Download RealVNC Viewer][5]
|
||||
|
||||
[Download RealVNC Viewer][5a]
|
||||
|
||||
Once the installer is downloaded, install it using the standard method most appropriate to your operating system and launch the RealVNC Client.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Connect to the Raspberry Pi
|
||||
|
||||
Once you have the RealVNC Client installed, open it. You will have an address bar on the top (major UI redesign notwithstanding). Please enter the IP address of the Raspberry Pi here.
|
||||
|
||||
Once you enter the Raspberry Pi’s IP address in the top address bar, you will be asked for a username and password. In here, use the credentials that you use to log into the Raspberry Pi itself — the ones used for SSH as well.
|
||||
|
||||
![RealVNC auth dialog][6]
|
||||
|
||||
My username and password are ‘pi’ and ‘raspberry’ respectively. So, I will use these credentials to log in.
|
||||
|
||||
Your computer should connect to the Raspberry Pi over a VNC session. Congratulations! :)
|
||||
|
||||
### Optional: Connecting to the Raspberry Pi (over the internet)
|
||||
|
||||
You just learned to connect to Raspberry Pi on the same network, but what if you are not home and want to connect to the device from the internet?
|
||||
|
||||
You don’t need to remember any IP address or modify your firewall or router configuration. RealVNC handles it all using your RealVNC account.
|
||||
|
||||
The downside to this is that you **need a paid account**. When writing this article, the cheapest subscription available is US $3.39 per month (billed annually).
|
||||
|
||||
If you are okay with yet another subscription and do need to access the Raspberry Pi over the Internet frequently, this subscription should be worth it.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
I use SSH to connect to my Raspberry Pi remotely. Using VNC could also be a good choice if you need the comfort of the GUI. This works without much effort if the devices are on the same subnetwork.
|
||||
|
||||
I hope you like this quick tutorial helpful in accessing your Raspberry Pi using VNC. Let me know if you have questions and I’ll try my best to help you out.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/vnc-raspberry-pi/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Pratham Patel][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/pratham/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/ssh-into-raspberry/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/controlling-raspberry-pi-with-vnc.png
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/vnc-01.webp
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/raspi-config.png
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/download-realvnc-viewer.png
|
||||
[5a]: https://itsfoss.com/vnc-raspberry-pi/
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/vnc-02.webp
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Make KDE Control Centre Look Like macOS with this Widget"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/macos-like-kde-control-centre/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Make KDE Control Centre Look Like macOS with this Widget
|
||||
======
|
||||
A new KDE desktop widget arrives to revamp your KDE Plasma’s system tray (or Control Centre) to make it look like macOS.
|
||||
|
||||
**A new KDE desktop widget arrives to revamp your KDE Plasma’s system tray (or Control Centre) to make it look like macOS.**
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: This is a beta version of the widget. So, use it with caution.
|
||||
|
||||
The system tray is where you get most of the notifications, the status of your system and additional menu items for various desktop activities.
|
||||
|
||||
Recently, the tray menu has been a hot topic. GNOME 43 recently revamped its decade-old design to a new pill-shaped quick intuitive settings.
|
||||
|
||||
In the KDE Plasma desktop, the default system tray menu may not feel appealing from a look standpoint. Although it is rich in functionalities such as you can get access to all necessary system features and tweaks from here.
|
||||
|
||||
However, thanks to KDE’s customization capabilities, a new desktop widget is available now to give a macOS-like system tray menu.
|
||||
|
||||
### New Widget: Control Centre for KDE
|
||||
|
||||
Named “Control Centre”, the widget is currently in BETA and under development.
|
||||
|
||||
However, you can still install it on KDE Plasma desktops in various distros such as Kubuntu, KDE Neon, Arch with KDE, Fedora KDE edition, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s how it looks.
|
||||
|
||||
![Full desktop look with new widget][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Installation is simple.
|
||||
|
||||
* Right click on the KDE Plasma desktop, and select `Add Widgets`.
|
||||
* Then click on `Get More Widgets > Download more Plasma widgets` and search for “Control Centre”. Hit `Install` to install it.
|
||||
|
||||
![Installing the Control Centre Widget][2]
|
||||
|
||||
* After installation, right-click on the small arrow in the default tray panel and click Add Widgets. Select the “Control Centre” from the list.
|
||||
* Once it is available in the Panel, drag it to any place you want via “Enter Edit Mode”.
|
||||
|
||||
As of publishing this, there any only the below options available. Such as quick launchers for Settings, Network, and Night mode. Also available is a banner for currently playing media (via desktop or browser-based players) is also available with volume control.
|
||||
|
||||
![Control Center – Zoomed view][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Although, the widget may not look good with the default KDE’s Breeze theme. However, looks fantastic with any available macOS Plasma Global theme, such as the WhiteSur theme (which I used in the above screenshots).
|
||||
|
||||
I hope many new features are planned for the future of this macOS, like Control Centre. It looks promising.
|
||||
|
||||
Learn more about this widget in the [KDE Store][4] Or on [GitHub][5].
|
||||
|
||||
Cheers.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/macos-like-kde-control-centre/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Full-desktop-look-with-new-widget.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Installing-the-Control-Centre-Widget.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Control-Center-Zoomed-view.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://www.pling.com/p/1916655/
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/Prayag2/kde_controlcentre
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "5 Great Subtitle Editors in Linux Systems"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/3-great-subtitle-editors-in-linux-systems/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
5 Great Subtitle Editors in Linux Systems
|
||||
======
|
||||
In this article, I will talk about free and open-source subtitle editors for Linux systems.
|
||||
|
||||
With the advancement of technology, AI and ML, subtitle editors are not that much in demand. Because AI-ML models can generate subtitles on the fly. For example, most popular streaming platforms, such as YouTube, can automatically auto-generated subtitles on LIVE or recorded media.
|
||||
|
||||
There are few subtitle editors in the Linux world; those are available, for some of the development is already stopped (e.g. Aegisub) and become obsolete.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some of the subtitle editors for Linux systems – that are still in use.
|
||||
|
||||
### Subtitle Editors for Ubuntu and other Linux
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. Gaupol Subtitle Editor
|
||||
|
||||
Gaupol is a subtitle editor for text-based files. It helps to create subtitles, edit texts, and time the subtitles to match the video. The simple UI is based on the GTK+ toolkit and is easy to use, and helps bulk subtitle processing of multiple subtitle files. Gaupol is open-sourced (see source link below) and can run on all Unix-like OSes.
|
||||
|
||||
Gaupol includes a separately installable, user-interface-independent, general-purpose Python package, “aeidon”, for reading, writing, and manipulating text-based subtitle files.
|
||||
|
||||
Gaupol is released under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
|
||||
|
||||
#### How to install Gaupol
|
||||
|
||||
##### Ubuntu, Mint, Debian, elementary, Fedora
|
||||
|
||||
Gaupol comes with a Flatpak package that can run in any Linux distribution. You can download the Flatpak package from the below link. Make sure your [set up your system for Flatpak using Flathub][1] before installing.
|
||||
|
||||
[Download Gaupol][2]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Screenshots
|
||||
|
||||
![gaupol; Image Credit: gaupol][3]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Links
|
||||
|
||||
* Website: [gaupol][4]
|
||||
* Download for other Linux distributions: [download][5]
|
||||
* Source: [GitHub][6]
|
||||
* Bug Report: [gaupol bug reports][7]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. Subtitle Composer
|
||||
|
||||
The Subtitle Composer is a video subtitle editor that supports basic and advanced editing operations. It comes with a wide range of features which makes it a complete subtitle editor. Some of the noteworthy features includes speech recognition from audio or video file, translations, live preview, sync and many more.
|
||||
|
||||
Installing Subtitle Composer is easy via Flatpak. [Set up your system as Flatpak for Flathub][8] and then hit the isntall button this page.
|
||||
|
||||
[Download and Install Subtitle Composer][9]
|
||||
|
||||
This app perhapes the best subtitle editor in this list.
|
||||
|
||||
You can learn more about it in the [home page.][10]
|
||||
|
||||
![Subtitle Composer][11]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. Subtitle Editor
|
||||
|
||||
Subtitle Editor is a GTK+3 tool to edit subtitles for GNU/Linux/*BSD. It can be used for new subtitles or as a tool to transform, edit, correct and refine existing subtitles. This program also shows sound waves, making synchronising subtitles to voices easier.
|
||||
|
||||
Subtitle Editor is free software released under the GNU General Public License (GPL3).
|
||||
|
||||
#### Feature Highlights
|
||||
|
||||
* Multiple document interface
|
||||
* Video player integrated into the main window (based on GStreamer)
|
||||
* Can play preview with an external video player (using MPlayer or other)
|
||||
* Can be used for timing
|
||||
* Generate and display a waveform
|
||||
* Generate and display keyframes
|
||||
* Can be used for translating
|
||||
* Shows subtitles over the video
|
||||
* Style Editor
|
||||
* Spell checking
|
||||
* Text correction (Space around punctuation, capitalize, empty subtitle …)
|
||||
* Errors checking (Overlapping, too short or long duration …)
|
||||
* Framerate conversion
|
||||
* Edit times and frames
|
||||
* Scale subtitles
|
||||
* Split or joint subtitles
|
||||
* Edit text and adjust the time (start, end)
|
||||
* Find and replace (Support regular expressions)
|
||||
* Sort subtitles
|
||||
* Typewriter effect
|
||||
* Lots of timing and editing tools
|
||||
|
||||
#### Supported File Formats
|
||||
|
||||
* Adobe Encore DVD
|
||||
* Advanced SubStation Alpha
|
||||
* Burnt-in timecode (BITC)
|
||||
* MicroDVD
|
||||
* MPL2
|
||||
* MPsub (MPlayer subtitle)
|
||||
* SBV
|
||||
* Spruce STL
|
||||
* SubRip
|
||||
* Sub Station Alpha
|
||||
* SubViewer 2.0
|
||||
* Timed Text Authoring Format (TTAF)
|
||||
|
||||
#### How to install Subtitle Editor
|
||||
|
||||
##### Ubuntu, Mint, Debian, elementary, Fedora
|
||||
|
||||
There is no executable installer available yet. Download the tar file from the below link[subtitleeditor][12]
|
||||
|
||||
Extract the files. Run the below commands from the extracted directory to compile from the source:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
./configure
|
||||
make
|
||||
sudo make install
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Screenshots
|
||||
|
||||
![SubtitleEditor; Image Credit: subtitleeditor][13]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Links
|
||||
|
||||
* Website: [subtitleeditor][14]
|
||||
* Download for other Linux distributions: [download][15]
|
||||
* Source: [subtitle editor source][16]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4. GNOME Subtitles
|
||||
|
||||
Gnome Subtitles is a subtitle editor for the GNOME desktop. It supports the most common text-based subtitle formats, video previewing, timings synchronization and subtitle translation.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Feature Highlights
|
||||
|
||||
* Synchronize using the video by setting two or more correct times (sync points)
|
||||
* Auto-adjust timings based on two correct times/sync points
|
||||
* Shift subtitles by a specified delay (can be based on the video)
|
||||
* Convert between framerates
|
||||
* Apply a reaction delay
|
||||
* Shortcuts for quick synchronization
|
||||
* Playback the videos showing subtitles with formatting
|
||||
* Drag-and-drop files
|
||||
* Can be used for timings synchronization
|
||||
* Fast and slow-motion playback
|
||||
* Subtitle translation support
|
||||
* Merge and split subtitle lines
|
||||
* Supports formatting while editing subtitles
|
||||
* Spell checking support
|
||||
* Edit subtitle headers
|
||||
* Find and Replace supports regular expressions
|
||||
* Multi-level undo/redo
|
||||
* Drag-and-drop files
|
||||
* Character coding and subtitle format auto-detection (on file open)
|
||||
* Relaxed subtitle parsing to read subtitles that contain errors
|
||||
* Support for more than 20 subtitle file formats
|
||||
|
||||
#### How to install GNOME Subtitles
|
||||
|
||||
##### Ubuntu, Mint, Debian, elementary
|
||||
|
||||
Run the below commands from the terminal and enter the password when prompted.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pedrocastro/ppa
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install gnome-subtitles
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Screenshots
|
||||
|
||||
![GnomeSubtitles; Imae Credit: GnomeSubtitle][17]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Links
|
||||
|
||||
* Website: [gnome subtitle][18]
|
||||
* Download for other Linux distributions: [download][19]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5. Subtitled
|
||||
|
||||
[Subtitled][20] is a modern subtitle editor that is full of features. Using this, you can create new subtitles, transcribe them, and edit them as well. It supports popular SRT format along with SSA, TTML, SBV, DFXP, VTT, XML, SCC, and SAMI as well.
|
||||
|
||||
![Introducing a new subtitle editor - Subtitld][21]
|
||||
|
||||
It is available as a snap application at the moment. If you are using Ubuntu, you can easily search in Software and install it from [this link][22].
|
||||
|
||||
And the same installation applies to all snap-supported Linux distributions. If you are a terminal-savvy person, you can install using the below.
|
||||
|
||||
It is also cross-platform, and a Windows build is available. Download from [here][23].
|
||||
|
||||
##### Links
|
||||
|
||||
* [Home page][24]
|
||||
* [bug reports @GitLab][25]
|
||||
|
||||
### Wrapping Up
|
||||
|
||||
I hope this list of five subtitle editors in Linux systems can help you with your use case. The above list is current, and all of them are in active development as of publishing this version.
|
||||
|
||||
Do let me know if you know any other subtitle editor which is not on this list.
|
||||
|
||||
*Some image credits: Respective app owner*
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/3-great-subtitle-editors-in-linux-systems/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/how-to-install-flatpak-apps-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[2]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/io.otsaloma.gaupol
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/gaupol.png
|
||||
[4]: https://otsaloma.io/gaupol/
|
||||
[5]: https://repology.org/project/gaupol/versions
|
||||
[6]: https://github.com/otsaloma/gaupol
|
||||
[7]: https://github.com/otsaloma/gaupol
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/how-to-install-flatpak-apps-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[9]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.kde.subtitlecomposer
|
||||
[10]: https://subtitlecomposer.kde.org/
|
||||
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Subtitle-Composer.jpg
|
||||
[12]: https://github.com/kitone/subtitleeditor/releases
|
||||
[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/SubtitleEditor.png
|
||||
[14]: http://kitone.github.io/subtitleeditor/
|
||||
[15]: https://github.com/kitone/subtitleeditor/releases
|
||||
[16]: https://github.com/kitone/subtitleeditor
|
||||
[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/GnomeSubtitles.png
|
||||
[18]: http://gnome-subtitles.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[19]: https://gnomesubtitles.org/download
|
||||
[20]: https://subtitld.jonata.org/
|
||||
[21]: https://youtu.be/nMvB21YjwAU
|
||||
[22]: https://snapcraft.io/subtitld
|
||||
[23]: https://subtitld.jonata.org/#download
|
||||
[24]: https://subtitld.jonata.org/
|
||||
[25]: https://gitlab.com/jonata/subtitld/-/issues
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Best Whiteboard Applications for Linux Systems"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/top-whiteboard-applications-linux/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Best Whiteboard Applications for Linux Systems
|
||||
======
|
||||
We will show you a couple of whiteboard applications for Linux systems. I am sure these are going to be super beneficial for you. Read on.
|
||||
|
||||
In general, a digital whiteboard is a tool that contains a large interactive display in the form of a whiteboard. Some examples of whiteboard devices are – Tab, large-screen mobile phones, touch-screen laptops, and surface displays.
|
||||
|
||||
If an instructor uses a whiteboard, you can draw, write or manipulate elements on those device screens using a touch-sensitive pen, stylus, finger or mouse. That means you can drag, click, erase, draw – do everything on the whiteboard that can be done on a piece of paper using a pen.
|
||||
|
||||
But to do all those, you need software that supports all those functionalities. That means bridging the gap between your touch and the display.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, there are many commercial applications available for this work. But we will talk about some of the free and open-source whiteboard applications in this article that are available for Linux Systems.
|
||||
|
||||
### Best Whiteboard Applications for Linux Systems
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. Xournal++
|
||||
|
||||
The first application we feature is [Xournal++][1]. In my opinion, this is the best app on this list. It’s pretty solid and has been here for some time.
|
||||
|
||||
Xournal++ allows you to write, draw, and do everything you usually do on paper. It supports handwriting, a custom pen with highlighter, an eraser, etc. The support for Layers, multi-page features, add external images, add audio are a few to mention among its great list of features.
|
||||
|
||||
This application support almost all pressure-sensitive tablets, including Wacom, Huion, and XP-Pen. I tested it on a touchpad laptop, and it works with minor settings changes. So, you can start using any touch-sensitive device.
|
||||
|
||||
It is written in C++ and GTK3.
|
||||
|
||||
![Xournal++ Whiteboard Application for Linux][2]
|
||||
|
||||
For Linux systems, this is how you can install it. It is free and available for Linux, macOS and Windows as well. A BETA copy is also available if you want to try it out on mobile.
|
||||
|
||||
**How to Install**
|
||||
|
||||
This application is available as AppImage, Snap, Flatpak and deb packages. Also available as PPA for Ubuntu/Debian-based systems.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, dedicated packages for Fedora, SUSE and Arch are available. Head over to the below link to grab your preferred executable format.
|
||||
|
||||
[Download Xournal++][3]
|
||||
|
||||
**More information**
|
||||
|
||||
* [Home page][4]
|
||||
* [Documentation][5]
|
||||
* [Source Code][6]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. OpenBoard
|
||||
|
||||
The next one we would like to highlight is [OpenBoard][7]. This simple whiteboard drawing application is easy to use and doesn’t get in your way with too many options.
|
||||
|
||||
This one is perfect for beginners and junior students who take notes from online classes.
|
||||
|
||||
OpenBoard is loaded with features. Such as colours, brushes, texts, simple drawing shapes, page support, etc. This app is built using Qt technology.
|
||||
|
||||
![OpenBoard][8]
|
||||
|
||||
**How to Install**
|
||||
|
||||
This application is only available for Ubuntu as a stand-alone deb package. You can download it from the below link.
|
||||
|
||||
[Download OpenBoard][9]
|
||||
|
||||
**More Information**
|
||||
|
||||
* [Home Page][10]
|
||||
* [Documentation][11]
|
||||
* [Source Code][12]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. Scrivano
|
||||
|
||||
Scrivano is a newly launched whiteboard app based on Qt technology. Its motto is “easy of use” while taking notes and other drawing activities while functionally efficient.
|
||||
|
||||
It comes with some unique features such as “Snap to grid”, creating custom stickers, fill strokes, laser-like options and many more.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, you can import and annotate PDFs in this tool with various features.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some of the noteworthy features.
|
||||
|
||||
Learn more about Scrivano in our [official review of this app][13].
|
||||
|
||||
![Stickers in Scrivano][14]
|
||||
|
||||
You can [set up your system for Flatpak with Flathub][15] and then hit the below button to install it via [Flathub][16].
|
||||
|
||||
[Download and Install Scrivano][17]
|
||||
|
||||
**More information**
|
||||
|
||||
* [Scrivano review][18]
|
||||
* [Home page][19]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4. Notelab
|
||||
|
||||
[NoteLab][20] is one of the decade-old oldest whiteboard applications. It is a free and open-source application with a vast set of features. So you can understand how stable and popular this application is.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some of its features:
|
||||
|
||||
* This app supports all popular image formats as an export option. For example, SVG, PNG, JPG, BMP, etc.
|
||||
* Configuration option for pen and paper customization
|
||||
* Built-in memory manager for custom allocation of memory used by NoteLab.
|
||||
* Paper has several rule formats, such as broad rule, college rule, and graph paper.
|
||||
* All standard drawing tools.
|
||||
* You can resize, move, delete, change colour, and perform other operations in any note section.
|
||||
|
||||
![NoteLab][21]
|
||||
|
||||
However, this is a Java application and distributed as a .jar file. So you need the Java runtime for it to work. You can refer to our guide to installing Java or JRE in Linux systems by following the links.
|
||||
|
||||
* [How to install Java/JRE in Ubuntu-based systems][22]
|
||||
* [How to install Java/JRE in Arch Linux][23]
|
||||
|
||||
**How to Install**
|
||||
|
||||
NoteLab comes with a standalone executable .jar file, which you can download from SourceForge via the below link. Remember, you need JRE to run this application.
|
||||
|
||||
[Download NoteLab][24]
|
||||
|
||||
**More Information**
|
||||
|
||||
* [Home Page][25]
|
||||
* [Documentation][26]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5. Rnote
|
||||
|
||||
The third app we want to highlight is called [Rnote][27]. Rnote is an excellent application for taking handwritten notes via touch devices. This application is vector image-based and helps to draw and annotate pictures and PDFs. It brings native .rnote file format with import/export options for png, jpeg, SVG and PDF.
|
||||
|
||||
One of the cool features of Rnote is that it supports Xournal++ file format support (the first app in this list), making it a must-have tool.
|
||||
|
||||
Built using GTK4 and Rust, Rnote is perfect for your GNOME desktop and all types of Linux systems.
|
||||
|
||||
This application is currently under development, and keep that in mind while using it.
|
||||
|
||||
![Rnote - Whiteboard Application for Linux based on GTK4 and Rust][28]
|
||||
|
||||
**How to Install**
|
||||
|
||||
This application is available as a Flatpak package. You can set up Flatpak for your Linux system using [this guide][29] and then click on the below button to install.
|
||||
|
||||
[Install Rnote][30]
|
||||
|
||||
**More Information**
|
||||
|
||||
[Home page and Source code][31]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6. Lorien
|
||||
|
||||
[Lorien][32] is a perfect digital notebook software for your ideation sessions where you can create notes with its various tools. Lorien is a cross-platform, free, open-source “infinite canvas drawing/note-taking” app based on Godot Game Engine. This app is a perfect fit for taking quick notes for brainstorming sessions.
|
||||
|
||||
The toolbox is pretty standard, with a Freehand brush, eraser, line tool and selection tool. You can move or delete a selected section of your brushstrokes – that act as a collection of points and renders at runtime.
|
||||
|
||||
![Lorien Whiteboard Application for Linux][33]
|
||||
|
||||
**How to Install**
|
||||
|
||||
The installation is not required to use Lorien. A self-contained executable is available from the link below (download the tar file). Once downloaded, extract the files and double-click to run.
|
||||
|
||||
[Download Lorien][34]
|
||||
|
||||
**More Information**
|
||||
|
||||
[Home Page and Source Code][35]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7. Rainbow Board
|
||||
|
||||
The Rainbow Board is a free and open-source whiteboard application based on Electron and React. In general, people do not like Electron apps due to their performance and bulky nature. But as we are listing the apps in this category, I thought it’s worth mentioning this one.
|
||||
|
||||
It has a standard canvas to draw that supports touch and stylus support. The toolbox includes Brush sizes, colours, fill colours, fonts, and undo & redo actions. You can export your drawing as a PNG or SVG file.
|
||||
|
||||
![Rainbow Board Whiteboard application for Linux][36]
|
||||
|
||||
**How to Install**
|
||||
|
||||
This application is available as Snap, Flatpak and a standalone deb installer. You can download them from the page in the below link.
|
||||
|
||||
[Download Rainbow Board][37]
|
||||
|
||||
**More Information**
|
||||
|
||||
* [Home page][38]
|
||||
* [Source code][39]
|
||||
|
||||
### Honourable Mentions
|
||||
|
||||
The last two drawing applications I want to mention here are Vectr and Ecxalidraw. These are web-based whiteboard drawing applications. I am putting them in a separate section because they are not desktop applications.
|
||||
|
||||
So, if you are reluctant to install another app; Or use a school or work system where you do not have permission to install, you can open the web browser and use these. Here is their web address.
|
||||
|
||||
[Vectr][40][Ecxalidraw][41]
|
||||
|
||||
### Closing Notes
|
||||
|
||||
There you go, with some modern-day whiteboard [drawing][42] applications for Linux and other operating systems. Many of you are probably taking notes in pen and paper for your online sessions or classes due to Pandemic and work-from-home situations. I am sure these will help you in your study work.
|
||||
|
||||
Try these out, and you will definitely find the one best suitable for you. Let me know your comments or feedback about this list in the message box below.
|
||||
|
||||
Cheers.
|
||||
|
||||
*[Image credit – respective app owners. Feature image credit – unsplash][43]*
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/top-whiteboard-applications-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://xournalpp.github.io/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Xournal-Whiteboard-Application-for-Linux-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://xournalpp.github.io/installation/linux/
|
||||
[4]: https://xournalpp.github.io/
|
||||
[5]: https://xournalpp.github.io/guide/overview/
|
||||
[6]: https://github.com/xournalpp/xournalpp/
|
||||
[7]: https://openboard.ch/
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/OpenBoard.jpg
|
||||
[9]: https://openboard.ch/download.en.html
|
||||
[10]: https://openboard.ch/
|
||||
[11]: https://openboard.ch/support.html
|
||||
[12]: https://github.com/OpenBoard-org/OpenBoard
|
||||
[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/scrivano/
|
||||
[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Stickers-in-Scrivano.jpg
|
||||
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/how-to-install-flatpak-apps-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[16]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.github.scrivanolabs.scrivano
|
||||
[17]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.scrivanolabs.scrivano.flatpakref
|
||||
[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/scrivano/
|
||||
[19]: https://scrivanolabs.github.io/
|
||||
[20]: http://java-notelab.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[21]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/NoteLab.jpg
|
||||
[22]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2016/05/how-to-install-java-jre-jdk-on-ubuntu-linux-mint/
|
||||
[23]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/02/install-java-arch/
|
||||
[24]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/java-notelab/files/NoteLab/
|
||||
[25]: http://java-notelab.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[26]: http://java-notelab.sourceforge.net/features.html
|
||||
[27]: https://github.com/flxzt/rnote
|
||||
[28]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rnote-Whiteboard-Application-for-Linux-based-on-GTK4-and-Rust-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[29]: https://flatpak.org/setup/
|
||||
[30]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.github.flxzt.rnote.flatpakref
|
||||
[31]: https://github.com/flxzt/rnote
|
||||
[32]: https://github.com/mbrlabs/Lorien
|
||||
[33]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Lorien-Whiteboard-Application-for-Linux.jpg
|
||||
[34]: https://github.com/mbrlabs/Lorien/releases
|
||||
[35]: https://github.com/mbrlabs/Lorien
|
||||
[36]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rainbow-Board-Whiteboard-application-for-Linux-1024x560.jpg
|
||||
[37]: https://www.electronjs.org/apps/rainbow-board
|
||||
[38]: https://harshkhandeparkar.github.io/rainbow-board/
|
||||
[39]: https://github.com/HarshKhandeparkar/rainbow-board
|
||||
[40]: https://vectr.com/
|
||||
[41]: https://excalidraw.com/
|
||||
[42]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/digital-drawing
|
||||
[43]: https://unsplash.com/photos/doTjbfxrmRw
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "A New Open Source Vulkan Driver for NVIDIA Graphics is Ready to Test!"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/nvidia-nvk/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "Cubik65536"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
一个全新的用于 NVIDIA 显卡的开源 Vulkan 驱动已经准备好测试了！
|
||||
======
|
||||
为 NVIDIA 显卡开发的一个全新的开源驱动正在开发中！这里有一些好的进展……
|
||||
|
||||
![一个全新的用于 NVIDIA 显卡的开源 Vulkan 驱动已经准备好测试了！][1]
|
||||
|
||||
**NVK** 是一个全新的用于 NVIDIA 显卡的开源 Vulkan 驱动，它的目标是成为新的主流显卡驱动。
|
||||
|
||||
这成为可能的部分原因是因为 Nvidia 开源了数据中心 GPU 和消费级 GPU（GTX/RTX）的 GPU 内核模块。
|
||||
|
||||
[NVIDIA 在改善其 GPU 在 Linux 上的体验方面迈出了重要的一步][2]
|
||||
|
||||
它使开发人员能够改进开源驱动程序并启用比以前更多的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们来看看 NVK 可以提供什么。
|
||||
|
||||
### 适用于 NVIDIA GPU 的新 NVK 开源驱动程序
|
||||
|
||||
**Jason Ekstrand**（Collabora 的工程师）和 Red Hat 的其他人已经在过去几个月里编写了 NVK 的代码。
|
||||
|
||||
他们可以利用 Turing 显卡提供的统一固件 BLOB，然后在其上构建 Vulkan 支持。
|
||||
|
||||
**但是，nouveau 开源驱动程序已经存在了，对吗？**
|
||||
|
||||
NVK 与其他的 nouveau 驱动非常不同，因为它是从头开始编写的。
|
||||
|
||||
noiveau，一个重要的 Nvidia 显卡的开源驱动程序，已经年久失修了，试图在它的基础上构建是一个很多人都无法承担的任务。
|
||||
|
||||
当然，它是由有很多才华的工程师开发的，但是缺乏公司的支持和贡献者的影响了它的发展。
|
||||
|
||||
**NVK 旨在克服这些问题，同时专注于对 Turing 系列及更高版本 GPU 的支持。**
|
||||
|
||||
由于内核的开发方式，对于 Kepler、Maxwell 和 Pascal 等较旧的 GPU 的支持可能不会很容易地加入 NVK。它可能会对新内核有一个很大的依赖，从而只支持较新的 GPU。
|
||||
|
||||
同时，nouveau 内核接口与 Vulkan 不兼容，阻碍了对较旧 GPU 的支持。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，仍然有进一步测试的空间，这可能会让 NVK 可以支持较旧的 GPU。
|
||||
|
||||
当然，随着更多的社区贡献，NVK 可以通过增加额外的功能和 GPU 支持来改进。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何尝试它？
|
||||
|
||||
NVK 目前处于非常初级的状态，有很多功能缺失，并且正在不断开发中。
|
||||
|
||||
**所以，它还不适合让所有类型的用户尝试。**
|
||||
|
||||
你还是可以通过拉取 freedesktop.org 上的 [nouveau/mesa 项目][4] 的 nvk/main 分支并构建它来尝试它。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想的话，你也可以通过贡献到同一个 [nvk/main 分支][5] 来帮助 NVK 的开发。
|
||||
|
||||
对于更多的技术信息，你可以参考 [官方公告][6]。
|
||||
|
||||
### 未来潜力
|
||||
|
||||
NVK 有很多潜力，尤其是与老化的 [nouveau][7] 图形驱动套件相比。
|
||||
|
||||
这可以为 nouveau 带来一个合适的继承者，同时为 Linux 提供一个带有很多功能的，主流的开源 Nvidia 图形驱动套件。
|
||||
|
||||
💬 *你对此有什么看法？你认为这最终能够实现 nouveau 驱动程序所未能实现的吗？*
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/nvidia-nvk/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sourav Rudra][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[Cubik65536](https://github.com/Cubik65536)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1200/2022/10/opensource-native-vulkan-gpu-driver-for-nvidia.png
|
||||
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/nvidia-open-source-linux/
|
||||
[4]: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/nouveau/mesa
|
||||
[5]: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/nouveau/mesa/-/tree/nvk/main/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.collabora.com/news-and-blog/news-and-events/introducing-nvk.html
|
||||
[7]: https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/
|
||||
@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: (A beginner's guide to load balancing)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/4/load-balancing)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (FYJNEVERFOLLOWS)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
负载均衡的初学者指南
|
||||
======
|
||||
负载均衡就是将资源分配到某一时刻最需要它的地方。
|
||||
![eight stones balancing][1]
|
||||
|
||||
当个人电脑刚开始发展的时候，一个家庭可能只有一台（或更少）的电脑。孩子们白天玩电脑游戏，家长们晚上在业务支撑系统上做会计、编程，或者漫游。然而，想象一下今天一个只有一台电脑的家庭，你可以预想到这样会产生什么样的冲突。每个人都同时想使用电脑，而且没有足够的键盘和鼠标让每个人都能分到。
|
||||
|
||||
随着计算机变得越来越普遍，IT 行业或多或少也出现了同样的情况。对服务和服务器的需求已经增长到了会因为过度使用而停滞不前的程度。幸运的是，我们现在有了负载均衡的概念来帮助我们处理需求。
|
||||
|
||||
### 负载均衡是什么？
|
||||
负载均衡是一个通用术语，指的是为了确保高效分配所管理的资源而做的任何事情。对于 web 服务器的系统管理员来说，负载均衡通常意味着确保 web 服务器软件（例如 [Nginx][2]）配置了足够的工作节点来处理高峰时刻的来访者。换言之，如果一个网站突然变得非常受欢迎，其访问者在几分钟内增加了四倍，那么运行服务器的软件必须能够响应每个访问者，并不能让任何访问者发现服务质量下降。对于简单网址，这就像修改一行配置选项一样简单，但对于具有动态内容的复杂站点，每个用户都有多个数据库查询，这可能是一个严重的问题。
|
||||
|
||||
这个问题本应通过云计算解决，但当 web 应用程序遇到意外激增时，它可能会无法扩展。
|
||||
|
||||
在进行负载均衡时，需要记住的重要一点是，*高效地*分配资源并不一定意味着*公平地*分配资源。并非所有任务都在任何时候都需要所有可用资源。一个智能的负载均衡策略仅在需要资源时才为用户和任务提供资源。这通常是应用程序开发人员的领域，而不是 IT 基础架构的责任。异步应用程序对于确保离开计算机休息的用户不会占用服务器上的宝贵资源至关重要。
|
||||
|
||||
### 负载均衡是怎么工作的？
|
||||
负载均衡通过跨计算节点分配工作负载来避免瓶颈。这些节点可能是数据中心中的物理服务器、云中的容器、用于边缘计算的战略性放置的服务器、复杂应用程序框架中的独立 Java 虚拟机（JVM），或在单个 Linux 服务器上运行的守护进程。
|
||||
|
||||
这个想法是把一个大问题分成几个小任务，并把每个任务分配给一台专用计算机。例如，对于要求用户登录的网站，该网站可能托管在服务器 A 上，而登录页面和所有随附的身份验证查找都托管在服务器 B 上。这样，新用户登录一个帐户时不会从正在使用该站点的其他用户那里窃取资源。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 云负载均衡
|
||||
云计算使用 [容器][3]，因此通常没有单独的物理服务器来处理不同的任务（实际上，有许多单独的服务器，但它们被聚集在一起作为一个计算“大脑”）。相反，"pod" 是由几个容器创建的。当一个pod 由于其用户或任务负载而开始耗尽资源时，会生成一个相同的 pod。Pod 共享存储和网络资源，每个 pod 在创建时被分配给一个计算节点。可以根据负载需要创建或销毁 Pod，这样无论有多少用户，用户都可以体验到一致的服务质量。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 边缘计算
|
||||
|
||||
[边缘计算][4] 在负载均衡时考虑现实世界。云自然是一个分布式系统，但实际上，云的节点通常集中在几个数据中心。用户离运行云的数据中心越远，他们为获得最佳服务所必须克服的物理障碍就越多。即使有光纤连接和适当的负载均衡，位于 3000 英里外的服务器的响应时间也可能比仅 300 英里外的响应时间长。
|
||||
|
||||
边缘计算将计算节点带到云的“边缘”，试图弥合地理鸿沟，为云形成一种卫星网络，因此它也在良好的负载均衡工作中发挥了作用。
|
||||
|
||||
### 什么是负载均衡算法？
|
||||
有许多负载均衡策略，它们的复杂性取决于所涉及的技术和需求。负载均衡不必复杂，而且从一开始就负载均衡很重要，即使在使用 [Kubernetes][5] 和 [Keepalived][6] 这样的专用软件时也是如此。
|
||||
|
||||
当你可以设计应用程序为它自己采取简单的预防措施时，不要依赖容器来均衡负载。如果你从一开始就将应用程序设计为模块化和临时性的，那么你将受益于通过巧妙的网络设计、容器编排和其他未来技术带来的负载均衡机会。
|
||||
|
||||
可以指导应用程序开发人员或网络工程师工作的一些流行算法包括：
|
||||
* 按顺序将任务分配给服务器（这通常被称为轮流调度）。
|
||||
* 将任务分配给当前最不繁忙的服务器。
|
||||
* 将任务分配给具有最佳响应时间的服务器。
|
||||
* 随机分配任务。
|
||||
|
||||
举个例子，在分配特别复杂的任务时，可以组合或加权这些原则以支持组中最强大的服务器。通常使用 [Orchestration][7]，这样管理员就不必为负载均衡寻找完美的算法或策略，尽管有时需要由管理员选择使用哪种负载均衡方案组合。
|
||||
|
||||
### 预料意料之外
|
||||
负载均衡实际上并不是要确保在整个网络中均匀使用所有资源。负载均衡实际上是确保即使发生意外情况也能提供可靠的用户体验。良好的基础设施可以承受计算机崩溃、应用程序过载、网络流量冲击和用户错误。思考你的服务如何具有弹性，并从头开始相应地设计负载均衡策略。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/load-balancing
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[FYJNEVERFOLLOWS](https://github.com/FYJNEVERFOLLOWS)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/water-stone-balance-eight-8.png?itok=1aht_V5V (eight stones balancing)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/business/15/4/nginx-open-source-platform
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/resources/what-are-linux-containers
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/18/5/edge-computing
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/resources/what-is-kubernetes
|
||||
[6]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/keepalived-basics
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/20/11/orchestration-vs-automation
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How to Use Picture in Picture Mode in Brave Browser"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/picture-in-picture-brave/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
如何在 Brave 浏览器中使用画中画模式
|
||||
======
|
||||
Brave 是一款出色的类似于 Chrome, 但可[替代 Chrome 的网络浏览器][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
[Firefox 和 Brave][2] 是我喜欢在 Linux 系统上使用的两种浏览器。两者都有不同的优势。
|
||||
|
||||
Firefox 比 Brave 做得更好的一件事就是画中画 (PIP) 模式，它适用于 YouTube、Netflix 和大多数流媒体网站。
|
||||
|
||||
Brave 也有画中画模式，但它是如此隐藏，以至于你觉得根本没有 PIP 支持。
|
||||
|
||||
内置画中画适用于某些网站（如 YouTube），但可能不适用于其他网站（如 Prime Video）。不用担心！你可以为此使用专用扩展。
|
||||
|
||||
让我在本教程中展示这两种方法。
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 1：在视频上双击右键
|
||||
|
||||
**技巧是依次单击两次右键，你应该会看到画中画模式选项。**
|
||||
|
||||
让我通过一个例子来说明这一点。在 Brave 中播放 YouTube 视频。现在右键单击视频。
|
||||
|
||||
![第一次右键单击后将光标从上下文菜单稍微移开][3]
|
||||
|
||||
再次右键单击。它应该在视频上，但不在上一个上下文菜单上。就在视频的其他地方。
|
||||
|
||||
现在你应该看到另一个带有画中画选项的上下文菜单。
|
||||
|
||||
![你应该在第二次右键单击中看到画中画选项][4]
|
||||
|
||||
选择画中画，视频将从窗口中弹出。你可以将其移动到浏览器中的任何位置。
|
||||
|
||||
![Brave 浏览器画中画模式][5]
|
||||
|
||||
当你使用其他应用时，你还可以让它在屏幕上的任何位置播放。
|
||||
|
||||
![Brave 在画中画模式中播放影片][6]
|
||||
|
||||
在最近的 Brave 版本中，您可以根据自己的喜好调整弹出窗口的大小。
|
||||
|
||||
我不明白为什么 Brave 把它隐藏成这样。为什么不突出它？
|
||||
|
||||
无论如何，这适用于 YouTube 等网站，但可能不适用于 Prime 视频。如果你愿意，你可以安装一个扩展。
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 2：使用画中画扩展
|
||||
|
||||
Google 提供了一个官方插件，可让你在 Google Chrome 中获得画中画功能。由于 Brave 基于 Chromium，你可以在 Brave 中使用相同的扩展。
|
||||
|
||||
[画中画扩展][7]
|
||||
|
||||
进入扩展页面并**点击 Add to Brave 按钮**。
|
||||
|
||||
![为 Brave 添加画中画扩展][8]
|
||||
|
||||
当你单击它时，它会提示添加扩展的选项。
|
||||
|
||||
![添加扩展][9]
|
||||
|
||||
添加扩展后，你应该会在浏览器的右上角看到它。
|
||||
|
||||
![使用画中画扩展][10]
|
||||
|
||||
播放视频时，单击扩展名，视频应该会弹出。
|
||||
|
||||
### 你能在 Brave 中启用 PIP 模式吗？
|
||||
|
||||
画中画模式已成为休闲流媒体消费的必备功能。我觉得奇怪的是，Brave 和其他浏览器没有足够重视它。 Firefox 处理得很好。
|
||||
|
||||
我希望这个快速的小技巧可以帮助你在 Brave 浏览器中获得 PIP 体验。你更喜欢这两种方法中的哪一种？右键单击还是扩展？
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/picture-in-picture-brave/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-browsers-linux/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/brave-vs-firefox/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/getting-picture-in-picture-in-brave-1.png
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/getting-picture-in-picture-in-brave-2.webp
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brave-picture-in-picture-youtube.webp
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/brave-playing-picture-in-picture-mode-on-screen.webp
|
||||
[7]: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/picture-in-picture-extens/hkgfoiooedgoejojocmhlaklaeopbecg/related?hl=en-US
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/picture-in-picture-extension-google-chrome-web.png
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/add-picture-in-picture-extension-to-brave.webp
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/picture-in-picture-extension.png
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user