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translate done: 20190302 Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (lujun9972)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://fosspost.org/tutorials/custom-system-tray-icon-indicator-linux)
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[#]: author: (M.Hanny Sabbagh https://fosspost.org/author/mhsabbagh)
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Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux
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======
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System Tray icons are still considered to be an amazing functionality today. By just right-clicking on the icon, and then selecting which actions you would like to take, you may ease your life a lot and save many unnecessary clicks on daily basis.
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When talking about useful system tray icons, examples like Skype, Dropbox and VLC do come to mind:
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![Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux 11][1]
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However, system tray icons can actually be quite a lot more useful; By simply building one yourself for your own needs. In this tutorial, we’ll explain how to do that for you in very simple steps.
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### Prerequisites
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We are going to build a custom system tray indicator using Python. Python is probably installed by default on all the major Linux distributions, so just check it’s there (version 2.7). Additionally, we’ll need the gir1.2-appindicator3 package installed. It’s the library allowing us to easily create system tray indicators.
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To install it on Ubuntu/Mint/Debian:
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```
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sudo apt-get install gir1.2-appindicator3
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```
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On Fedora:
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```
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sudo dnf install libappindicator-gtk3
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```
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For other distributions, just search for any packages containing appindicator.
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On GNOME Shell, system tray icons are removed starting from 3.26. You’ll need to install the [following extension][2] (Or possibly other extensions) to re-enable the feature on your desktop. Otherwise, you won’t be able to see the indicator we are going to create here.
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### Basic Code
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Here’s the basic code of the indicator:
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```
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#!/usr/bin/python
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import os
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from gi.repository import Gtk as gtk, AppIndicator3 as appindicator
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def main():
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indicator = appindicator.Indicator.new("customtray", "semi-starred-symbolic", appindicator.IndicatorCategory.APPLICATION_STATUS)
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indicator.set_status(appindicator.IndicatorStatus.ACTIVE)
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indicator.set_menu(menu())
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gtk.main()
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def menu():
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menu = gtk.Menu()
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command_one = gtk.MenuItem('My Notes')
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command_one.connect('activate', note)
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menu.append(command_one)
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exittray = gtk.MenuItem('Exit Tray')
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exittray.connect('activate', quit)
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menu.append(exittray)
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menu.show_all()
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return menu
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def note(_):
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os.system("gedit $HOME/Documents/notes.txt")
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def quit(_):
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gtk.main_quit()
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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main()
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```
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We’ll explain how the code works later. But for know, just save it in a text file under the name tray.py, and run it using Python:
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```
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python tray.py
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```
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You’ll see the indicator working as follows:
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![Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux 13][3]
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Now, to explain how we did the magic:
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* The first 3 lines of the code are nothing more than just specifying the Python path and importing the libraries we are going to use in our indicator.
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* def main() : This is the main function of the indicator. Under it we write the code to initialize and build the indicator.
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* indicator = appindicator.Indicator.new(“customtray”, “semi-starred-symbolic”, appindicator.IndicatorCategory.APPLICATION_STATUS) : Here we are specially creating a new indicator and calling it `customtray` . This is the special name of the indicator so that the system doesn’t mix it with other indicators that may be running. Also, we used the `semi-starred-symbolic` icon name as the default icon for our indicator. You could possibly change thing to any other things; Say `firefox` (if you want to see Firefox icon being used for the indicator), or any other icon name you would like. The last part regarding the `APPLICATION_STATUS` is just ordinary code for the categorization/scope of that indicator.
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* `indicator.set_status(appindicator.IndicatorStatus.ACTIVE)` : This line just turns the indicator on.
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* `indicator.set_menu(menu())` : Here, we are saying that we want to use the `menu()` function (which we’ll define later) for creating the menu items of our indicator. This is important so that when you click on the indicator, you can see a list of possible actions to take.
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* `gtk.main()` : Just run the main GTK loop.
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* Under `menu()` you’ll see that we are creating the actions/items we want to provide using our indicator. `command_one = gtk.MenuItem(‘My Notes’)` simply initializes the first menu item with the text “My notes”, and then `command_one.connect(‘activate’, note)` connects the `activate` signal of that menu item to the `note()` function defined later; In other words, we are telling our system here: “When this menu item is clicked, run the note() function”. Finally, `menu.append(command_one)` adds that menu item to the list.
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* The lines regarding `exittray` are just for creating an exit menu item to close the indicator any time you want.
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* `menu.show_all()` and `return menu` are just ordinary codes for returning the menu list to the indicator.
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* Under `note(_)` you’ll see the code that must be executed when the “My Notes” menu item is clicked. Here, we just wrote `os.system(“gedit $HOME/Documents/notes.txt”)` ; The `os.system` function is a function that allows us to run shell commands from inside Python, so here we wrote a command to open a file called `notes.txt` under the `Documents` folder in our home directory using the `gedit` editor. This for example can be your daily notes taking program from now on!
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### Adding your Needed Tasks
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There are only 2 things you need to touch in the code:
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1. Define a new menu item under `menu()` for your desired task.
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2. Create a new function to run a specific action when that menu item is clicked.
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So, let’s say that you want to create a new menu item, which when clicked, plays a specific video/audio file on your hard disk using VLC? To do it, simply add the following 3 lines in line 17:
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```
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command_two = gtk.MenuItem('Play video/audio')
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command_two.connect('activate', play)
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menu.append(command_two)
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```
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And the following lines in line 30:
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```
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def play(_):
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os.system("vlc /home/<username>/Videos/somevideo.mp4")
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```
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Replace /home/<username>/Videos/somevideo.mp4 with the path to the video/audio file you want. Now save the file and run the indicator again:
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```
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python tray.py
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```
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This is how you’ll see it now:
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![Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux 15][4]
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And when you click on the newly-created menu item, VLC will start playing!
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To create other items/tasks, simply redo the steps again. Just be careful to replace command_two with another name, like command_three, so that no clash between variables happen. And then define new separate functions like what we did with the play(_) function.
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The possibilities are endless from here; I am using this way for example to fetch some data from the web (using the urllib2 library) and display them for me any time. I am also using it for playing an mp3 file in the background using the mpg123 command, and I am defining another menu item to killall mpg123 to stop playing that audio whenever I want. CS:GO on Steam for example takes a huge time to exit (the window doesn’t close automatically), so as a workaround for this, I simply minimize the window and click on a menu item that I created which will execute killall -9 csgo_linux64.
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You can use this indicator for anything: Updating your system packages, possibly running some other scripts any time you want.. Literally anything.
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### Autostart on Boot
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We want our system tray indicator to start automatically on boot, we don’t want to run it manually each time. To do that, simply add the following command to your startup applications (after you replace the path to the tray.py file with yours):
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```
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nohup python /home/<username>/tray.py &
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```
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The very next time you reboot your system, the indicator will start working automatically after boot!
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### Conclusion
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You now know how to create your own system tray indicator for any task that you may want. This method should save you a lot of time depending on the nature and number of tasks you need to run on daily basis. Some users may prefer creating aliases from the command line, but this will require you to always open the terminal window or have a drop-down terminal emulator available, while here, the system tray indicator is always working and available for you.
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Have you used this method to run your tasks before? Would love to hear your thoughts.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fosspost.org/tutorials/custom-system-tray-icon-indicator-linux
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作者：[M.Hanny Sabbagh][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://fosspost.org/author/mhsabbagh
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://i2.wp.com/fosspost.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Screenshot-at-2019-02-28-0808.png?resize=407%2C345&ssl=1 (Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux 12)
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[2]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1031/topicons/
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[3]: https://i2.wp.com/fosspost.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screenshot-at-2019-03-02-1041.png?resize=434%2C140&ssl=1 (Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux 14)
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[4]: https://i2.wp.com/fosspost.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screenshot-at-2019-03-02-1141.png?resize=440%2C149&ssl=1 (Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux 16)
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@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (lujun9972)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://fosspost.org/tutorials/custom-system-tray-icon-indicator-linux)
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[#]: author: (M.Hanny Sabbagh https://fosspost.org/author/mhsabbagh)
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在 Linux 上为你的任务创建一个自定义的系统托盘指示器
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======
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时至今日系统托盘图标依然很有用。只需要右击图标，然后选择想要的动作即可，你可以大幅简化你的生活并且减少日常行为中的大量无用的点击。
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一说到有用的系统托盘图标，我们很容易就想到 Skype，Dropbox 和 VLC:
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![Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux 11][1]
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然而系统托盘图标实际上要更有用得多; 你可以根据自己的需求创建自己的系统托盘图标。本指导将会教你通过简单的几个步骤来实现这一目的。
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### 前置条件
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我们将要用 Python 来实现一个自定义的系统托盘指示器。Python 默认在所有主流的 Linux 发行版中都有安装，因此你只需要确定一下它已经确实被安装好了(版本为 2.7)。另外，我们还需要安装好 gir1.2-appindicator3 包。该库能够让我们很容易就能创建系统图标指示器。
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在 Ubuntu/Mint/Debian 上安装：
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```
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sudo apt-get install gir1.2-appindicator3
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```
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在 Fedora 上安装：
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```
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sudo dnf install libappindicator-gtk3
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```
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对于其他发行版，只需要搜索包含 appindicator 的包就行了。
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在 GNOME Shell 3.26 开始，系统托盘图标被删除了。你需要安装 [这个扩展 ][2] (或者其他扩展) 来为桌面启用该功能。否则你无法看到我们创建的指示器。
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### 基础代码
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下面是指示器的基础代码：
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```
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#!/usr/bin/python
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import os
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from gi.repository import Gtk as gtk, AppIndicator3 as appindicator
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def main():
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indicator = appindicator.Indicator.new("customtray", "semi-starred-symbolic", appindicator.IndicatorCategory.APPLICATION_STATUS)
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indicator.set_status(appindicator.IndicatorStatus.ACTIVE)
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indicator.set_menu(menu())
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gtk.main()
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def menu():
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menu = gtk.Menu()
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command_one = gtk.MenuItem('My Notes')
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command_one.connect('activate', note)
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menu.append(command_one)
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exittray = gtk.MenuItem('Exit Tray')
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exittray.connect('activate', quit)
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menu.append(exittray)
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menu.show_all()
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return menu
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def note(_):
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os.system("gedit $HOME/Documents/notes.txt")
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def quit(_):
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gtk.main_quit()
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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main()
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```
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我们待会会解释一下代码是怎么工作的。但是现在，让我们将该文本保存为 tray.py，然后使用 Python 运行之：
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```
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python tray.py
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```
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我们会看到指示器运行起来了，如下图所示：
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![Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux 13][3]
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现在，让我们解释一下魔术的原理：
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* 前三行代码仅仅用来指明 Python 的路径并且导入需要的库。
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* def main() : 此为指示器的主函数。该函数的代码用来初始化并创建指示器。
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* indicator = appindicator.Indicator.new(“customtray”，“semi-starred-symbolic”，appindicator.IndicatorCategory.APPLICATION_STATUS) : 这里我们指明创建一个名为 `customtray` 的指示器。这是指示器的唯一名称这样系统就不会与其他运行中的指示器搞混了。同时我们使用名为 `semi-starred-symbolic` 的图标作为指示器的默认图标。你可以将之改成任何其他值; 比如 `firefox` (如果你希望该指示器使用 FireFox 的图标)，或任何其他希望的图标名。最后与 `APPLICATION_STATUS` 相关的部分是指明指示器类别/范围的常规代码。
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* `indicator.set_status(appindicator.IndicatorStatus.ACTIVE)` : 这一行激活指示器。
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* `indicator.set_menu(menu())` : 这里我的是我们想使用 `menu()` 函数 (我们会在后面定义) 来为我们的指示器创建菜单项。这很重要，可以让你右击指示器后看到一个可以实施行为的列别。
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* `gtk.main()` : 运行 GTK 主循环。
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* 在 `menu()` 中我们定义了想要指示器提供的行为或项目。`command_one = gtk.MenuItem(‘My Notes’)` 仅仅使用文本 “My notes” 来初始化第一个菜单项，接下来 `command_one.connect(‘activate’，note)` 将菜单的 `activate` 信号与后面定义的 `note()` 函数相连接; 换句话说，我们告诉我们的系统：“当该菜单项被点击，运行 note() 函数”。最后，`menu.append(command_one)` 将菜单项添加到列表中。
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* `exittray` 相关的行是为了创建一个退出的菜单项让你在想要的时候关闭指示器。
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* `menu.show_all()` 以及 `return menu` 只是返回菜单项给指示器的常规代码。
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* 在 `note(_)` 下面是点击 “My Notes” 菜单项时需要执行的代码。这里只是 `os.system(“gedit $HOME/Documents/notes.txt”)` 这一句话; `os.system` 函数允许你在 Python 中运行 shell 命令，因此这里我们写了一行命令来使用 `gedit` 打开 home 目录下 `Documents` 目录中名为 `notes.txt` 的文件。例如，这个可以称为你今后的日常笔记程序了！
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### 添加你所需要的任务
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你只需要修改代码中的两块地方：
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1。在 `menu()` 中为你想要的任务定义新的菜单项。
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2。创建一个新的函数让给该菜单项被点击时执行特定的行为。
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所以，比如说你想要创建一个新菜单项，在点击后，会使用 VLC 播放硬盘中某个特定的视频/音频文件？要做到这一点，只需要在地 17 行处添加下面三行内容：
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```
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command_two = gtk.MenuItem('Play video/audio')
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command_two.connect('activate', play)
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menu.append(command_two)
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```
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然后在地 30 行添加下面内容：
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```
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def play(_):
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os.system("vlc /home/<username>/Videos/somevideo.mp4")
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```
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将 /home/<username>/Videos/somevideo.mp4 替换成你想要播放的视频/音频文件路径。现在保存该文件然后再次运行该指示器：
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```
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python tray.py
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```
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你将会看到：
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![Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux 15][4]
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而且当你点击新创建的菜单项时，VLC 会开始播放！
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要创建其他项目/任务，只需要重复上面步骤即可。但是要小心，需要用其他命令来为 command_two 改名，比如 command_three，这样在变量之间才不会产生冲突。然后定义新函数，就像 play(_) 函数那样。
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从这里开始的可能性是无穷的; 比如我用这种方法来从网上获取数据(使用 urllib2 库) 并显示出来。我也用它来在后台使用 mpg123 命令播放 mp3 文件，而且我还定义了另一个菜单项来杀掉所有的 mpg123 来随时停止播放音频。比如 Steam 上的 CS:GO 退出很费时间(窗口并不会自动关闭)，因此，作为一个变通的方法，我只是最小化窗口然后点击某个自建的菜单项，它会执行 killall -9 csgo_linux64 命令。
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你可以使用这个指示器来做任何事情：升级系统包，运行其他脚本。字面上的任何事情。
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### 自动启动
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|
||||
我们希望系统托盘指示器能在系统启动后自动启动，而不用每次都手工运行。要做到这一点，只需要在自启动应用程序中添加下面命令即可(但是你需要将 tray.py 的路径替换成你自己的路径):
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
nohup python /home/<username>/tray.py &
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
下次重启系统，指示器会在系统启动后自动开始工作了！
|
||||
|
||||
### 结论
|
||||
|
||||
你现在知道了如何为你想要的任务创建自己的系统托盘指示器了。根据每天需要运行的任务的性质和数量，此方法可以节省大量时间。有些人偏爱从命令行创建别名，但是这需要你每次都打开终端窗口或者需要有一个可用的下拉式终端仿真器，而这里，这个系统托盘指示器一直在工作，随时可用。
|
||||
|
||||
你以前用过这个方法来运行你的任务吗？很想听听你的想法。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fosspost.org/tutorials/custom-system-tray-icon-indicator-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[M.Hanny Sabbagh][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fosspost.org/author/mhsabbagh
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://i2.wp.com/fosspost.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Screenshot-at-2019-02-28-0808.png?resize=407%2C345&ssl=1 (Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux 12)
|
||||
[2]: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1031/topicons/
|
||||
[3]: https://i2.wp.com/fosspost.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screenshot-at-2019-03-02-1041.png?resize=434%2C140&ssl=1 (Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux 14)
|
||||
[4]: https://i2.wp.com/fosspost.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screenshot-at-2019-03-02-1141.png?resize=440%2C149&ssl=1 (Create a Custom System Tray Indicator For Your Tasks on Linux 16)
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user