From 3d6287cb4fd46969ef125f463271803e5dd7b6a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lv Feng Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2016 11:31:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 01/12] Delete 20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md --- ...PEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md | 87 ------------------- 1 file changed, 87 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md b/sources/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2b46ffcc5b..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,87 +0,0 @@ -translating by ucasFL -COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX -=========== - -[![Open Source messaging app Wire comes to Linux](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/wire-on-desktop-linux.jpeg)][21] - -Around two years back, a few people behind [Skype][20] launched a beautiful new messaging app, [Wire][19]. When I say beautiful, I am talking about the looks. Wire has an uncluttered, sleek look which many other messaging apps don’t have. But that’s not it’s best selling point. - -Since the beginning, Wire marketed itself as the [world’s most private messaging app][18]. It offers end to end encryption to text and voice calls, graphics, images, basically every content you share. - -WhatsApp also offers ‘end to end encryption’ but considering that its owner [Facebook is sharing WhatsApp data for ad targeting][17], I have less faith in WhatsApp and its encryption. - -What makes Wire even more special for us FOSS lovers is that a few months back [Wire went open source][16]. Few months down the line and we have a beta version of Wire desktop application for Linux. - -The desktop client is nothing more than a wrapper of its web version. Thank [open source project Electron][15] for providing a way to easily make cross-platform desktop applications. Many other applications have used Electron to bring a native desktop app for Linux, including [Skype][14]. - -### WIRE FEATURES: - -Before we see more about the Linux version of Wire, let’s have a quick look at some of its main features. - -* Open source application -* Complete encryption for all type of contents -* No ads, no data gathering, no data sharing -* Text, voice and video chats -* Group chats and calls -* [Audio filters][1] (no need to inhale Helium, just apply that filter and talk in a funny voice) -* No phone numbers required, can be signed up with email -* Sleek, modern interface -* Cross platform messaging app with iOS, Android, Web, Mac, Windows and Linux clients -* Protected by European laws (which are more privacy oriented that the US ones) - -Wire has some seriously cool features up its sleeve, especially those audio filters akin to [Snapchat][13]. - -### INSTALL WIRE ON LINUX - -Before you go on installing Wire on Linux, let me warn you that it is still in beta phase. So, if you encounter a few bugs, don’t get miffed. - -Wire has a .deb client available for 64 bit systems. You can use these tips to find out if you got [32 bit or 64 bit system][12]. You can download the .deb file from the link below: - -[Download Wire for Linux [Beta]][11] - -If you are interested, you can have a look at the source code also: - -[Wire Desktop Source Code][10] - -This is what the default interface of Wire look like in [elementary OS Loki][9]: - -[![Wire desktop application in Linux](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Wire-desktop-appl-linux.jpeg)][8] - -You see, they have even got bots here :) - -Have you been already using Wire? If yes, how is your experience with it? If no, will you give it a try since it’s [open source][7] now and available for Linux? - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/wire-messaging-linux/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ItsFoss+%28Its+FOSS%21+An+Open+Source+Blog%29 - -作者：[ Abhishek Prakash ][a] - -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) - -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ -[1]:https://medium.com/colorful-conversations/the-tune-for-this-summer-audio-filters-eca8cb0b4c57#.c8gvs143k -[2]:http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://itsfoss.com/wire-messaging-linux/&description=Coolest+Privacy+Focused+Open+Source+Chat+App+Wire+Comes+To+Linux&media=https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/wire-on-desktop-linux.jpeg -[3]:https://www.linkedin.com/cws/share?url=https://itsfoss.com/wire-messaging-linux/ -[4]:https://twitter.com/share?original_referer=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2F&source=tweetbutton&text=Coolest+Privacy+Focused+Open+Source+Chat+App+Wire+Comes+To+Linux&url=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2Fwire-messaging-linux%2F&via=%40itsfoss -[5]:https://itsfoss.com/wire-messaging-linux/#comments -[6]:https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ -[7]:https://itsfoss.com/tag/open-source -[8]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Wire-desktop-appl-linux.jpeg -[9]:https://itsfoss.com/tag/elementary-os-loki/ -[10]:https://github.com/wireapp/wire-desktop -[11]:https://wire.com/download/ -[12]:https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-64-bit-ubuntu/ -[13]:https://www.snapchat.com/ -[14]:https://itsfoss.com/skpe-alpha-linux/ -[15]:http://electron.atom.io/ -[16]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/3099194/security/wire-open-sources-messaging-client-woos-developers.html -[17]:https://techcrunch.com/2016/08/25/whatsapp-to-share-user-data-with-facebook-for-ad-targeting-heres-how-to-opt-out/ -[18]:http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/wire-worlds-most-private-messaging-app-offers-total-encryption-calls-texts-1548964 -[19]:https://wire.com/ -[20]:https://www.skype.com/en/ -[21]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/wire-on-desktop-linux.jpeg From 2e6561f1d0d37dbe56889112249418c9757db28d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lv Feng Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2016 11:33:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 02/12] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...PEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md | 88 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 88 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md diff --git a/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md b/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f0f4a76490 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +WIRE：一个极酷、专注于个人隐私的开源聊天应用程序已经来到了 LINUX 上 +=========== + +[![开源聊天应用程序 WIRE 来到了 Linux 上](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/wire-on-desktop-linux.jpeg)][21] + + +回到大约两年前，【Skype】【20】背后的一些开发人员发行了一个漂亮的新聊天应用个程序：【Wire】【19】。当我说它漂亮的时候，只是谈论它的“外貌”。Wire 具有一个许多其他聊天应用程序所没有的整洁优美的“外貌”，但这并不是它最大的卖点。 + +从一开始，Wire 就推销自己是【世界上最注重隐私的聊天应用程序】【18】。无论是文本、语音电话，还是图表、图像等基本的内容，它都提供端到端的加密。 + +WhatsApp 也提供‘端到端加密’，但是考虑一下它的所有者【Facebook 为了吸引用户而把 WhatsApp 的数据分享出去】【17】。我不太相信 WhatsApp 以及它的加密手段。 + +使 Wire 对于我们这些 FOSS【自由/开源软件】爱好者来说更加特殊的是，几个月前【Wire 开源了】【16】。几个月下来我们开发了一个针对 Linux 的 beta 版本 Wire 桌面应用程序。 + +除了一个包装器以外，桌面版的 Wire 并没有比 web 版多任何东西。感谢【Electron 开源项目】【15】提供了一种开发跨平台桌面应用程序的简单方式。许多其他应用程序也通过使用 Electron 为 Linux 带去了一个本地桌面应用程序，包括【Skype】【14】。 + +### WIRE 的特性： + +在我们了解有关 Linux 版 Wire 应用程序的更多信息之前，让我们先快速看一下它的一些主要特性。 + +* 开源应用程序 +* 针对所有类型内容的全加密 +* 无广告，无数据收集，无数据分享 +* 支持文本，语音以及视频聊天 +* 支持群聊和群电话 +* 【音频过滤器】【1】（不需要吸入氦元素，只需要使用过滤器就可以用有趣的声音说话） +* 不需要电话号码，可以使用邮箱登录 +* 优美、现代化的界面 +* 跨平台聊天应用程序，iOS，Android，Web，Mac，Windows 和 Linux 客户机均有相应版本 +* 欧洲法保护（欧洲法比美国法更注重隐私） + +Wire 有一些更棒的特性，尤其是和【Snapchat】【13】类似的音频过滤器。 + +### 在 Linux 上安装 WIRE + +在安装 Wire 到 Linux 上之前，让我先警告你它目前还处于 beta 阶段。所以，如果你遇到一些故障，请不要生气。 + +Wire 有一个 64 位系统可使用的 .deb 客户机。如果你有一台【32 位或者 64 位系统】【12】的电脑，你可以使用这些技巧来找到它。你可以从下面的链接下载 .deb 文件。 + +【下载 Linux 版 Wire 【Beta】】【11】 + +如果感兴趣的话，你也可以看一看它的源代码： + +[桌面版 Wire 源代码】【10】 + +这是 Wire 的默认界面，看起来像【初级 Loki 操作系统】【9】: + +[![Linux 上的 Wire 桌面应用程序](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Wire-desktop-appl-linux.jpeg)][8] + +你看，它们甚至能在这儿得到机器人：） + +你已经开始使用 Wire 了吗？如果是，你的体验是什么样的？如果没有，你将尝试一下吗？因为它现在是开源的【7】并且可以在 Linux 上使用。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/wire-messaging-linux/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ItsFoss+%28Its+FOSS%21+An+Open+Source+Blog%29 + +作者：[ Abhishek Prakash ][a] + +译者：[ucasFL](https://github.com/ucasFL) + +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[1]:https://medium.com/colorful-conversations/the-tune-for-this-summer-audio-filters-eca8cb0b4c57#.c8gvs143k +[2]:http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://itsfoss.com/wire-messaging-linux/&description=Coolest+Privacy+Focused+Open+Source+Chat+App+Wire+Comes+To+Linux&media=https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/wire-on-desktop-linux.jpeg +[3]:https://www.linkedin.com/cws/share?url=https://itsfoss.com/wire-messaging-linux/ +[4]:https://twitter.com/share?original_referer=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2F&source=tweetbutton&text=Coolest+Privacy+Focused+Open+Source+Chat+App+Wire+Comes+To+Linux&url=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2Fwire-messaging-linux%2F&via=%40itsfoss +[5]:https://itsfoss.com/wire-messaging-linux/#comments +[6]:https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[7]:https://itsfoss.com/tag/open-source +[8]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Wire-desktop-appl-linux.jpeg +[9]:https://itsfoss.com/tag/elementary-os-loki/ +[10]:https://github.com/wireapp/wire-desktop +[11]:https://wire.com/download/ +[12]:https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-64-bit-ubuntu/ +[13]:https://www.snapchat.com/ +[14]:https://itsfoss.com/skpe-alpha-linux/ +[15]:http://electron.atom.io/ +[16]:http://www.infoworld.com/article/3099194/security/wire-open-sources-messaging-client-woos-developers.html +[17]:https://techcrunch.com/2016/08/25/whatsapp-to-share-user-data-with-facebook-for-ad-targeting-heres-how-to-opt-out/ +[18]:http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/wire-worlds-most-private-messaging-app-offers-total-encryption-calls-texts-1548964 +[19]:https://wire.com/ +[20]:https://www.skype.com/en/ +[21]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/wire-on-desktop-linux.jpeg + From 1164011e19da169d623d083381f14df9320a1cf8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lv Feng Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2016 13:49:52 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 03/12] Update 20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md --- ...PEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md | 22 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md b/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md index f0f4a76490..52c41aebc2 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md +++ b/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md @@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ WIRE：一个极酷、专注于个人隐私的开源聊天应用程序已经来 [![开源聊天应用程序 WIRE 来到了 Linux 上](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/wire-on-desktop-linux.jpeg)][21] -回到大约两年前，【Skype】【20】背后的一些开发人员发行了一个漂亮的新聊天应用个程序：【Wire】【19】。当我说它漂亮的时候，只是谈论它的“外貌”。Wire 具有一个许多其他聊天应用程序所没有的整洁优美的“外貌”，但这并不是它最大的卖点。 +回到大约两年前，[Skype][20]背后的一些开发人员发行了一个漂亮的新聊天应用个程序：[Wire][19]。当我说它漂亮的时候，只是谈论它的“外貌”。Wire 具有一个许多其他聊天应用程序所没有的整洁优美的“外貌”，但这并不是它最大的卖点。 -从一开始，Wire 就推销自己是【世界上最注重隐私的聊天应用程序】【18】。无论是文本、语音电话，还是图表、图像等基本的内容，它都提供端到端的加密。 +从一开始，Wire 就推销自己是[世界上最注重隐私的聊天应用程序][18]。无论是文本、语音电话，还是图表、图像等基本的内容，它都提供端到端的加密。 -WhatsApp 也提供‘端到端加密’，但是考虑一下它的所有者【Facebook 为了吸引用户而把 WhatsApp 的数据分享出去】【17】。我不太相信 WhatsApp 以及它的加密手段。 +WhatsApp 也提供‘端到端加密’，但是考虑一下它的所有者[Facebook 为了吸引用户而把 WhatsApp 的数据分享出去][17]。我不太相信 WhatsApp 以及它的加密手段。 -使 Wire 对于我们这些 FOSS【自由/开源软件】爱好者来说更加特殊的是，几个月前【Wire 开源了】【16】。几个月下来我们开发了一个针对 Linux 的 beta 版本 Wire 桌面应用程序。 +使 Wire 对于我们这些 FOSS【自由/开源软件】爱好者来说更加特殊的是，几个月前[Wire 开源了][16]。几个月下来我们开发了一个针对 Linux 的 beta 版本 Wire 桌面应用程序。 -除了一个包装器以外，桌面版的 Wire 并没有比 web 版多任何东西。感谢【Electron 开源项目】【15】提供了一种开发跨平台桌面应用程序的简单方式。许多其他应用程序也通过使用 Electron 为 Linux 带去了一个本地桌面应用程序，包括【Skype】【14】。 +除了一个包装器以外，桌面版的 Wire 并没有比 web 版多任何东西。感谢[Electron 开源项目][15]提供了一种开发跨平台桌面应用程序的简单方式。许多其他应用程序也通过使用 Electron 为 Linux 带去了一个本地桌面应用程序，包括[Skype][14]。 ### WIRE 的特性： @@ -29,27 +29,27 @@ WhatsApp 也提供‘端到端加密’，但是考虑一下它的所有者【Fa * 跨平台聊天应用程序，iOS，Android，Web，Mac，Windows 和 Linux 客户机均有相应版本 * 欧洲法保护（欧洲法比美国法更注重隐私） -Wire 有一些更棒的特性，尤其是和【Snapchat】【13】类似的音频过滤器。 +Wire 有一些更棒的特性，尤其是和[Snapchat][13]类似的音频过滤器。 ### 在 Linux 上安装 WIRE 在安装 Wire 到 Linux 上之前，让我先警告你它目前还处于 beta 阶段。所以，如果你遇到一些故障，请不要生气。 -Wire 有一个 64 位系统可使用的 .deb 客户机。如果你有一台【32 位或者 64 位系统】【12】的电脑，你可以使用这些技巧来找到它。你可以从下面的链接下载 .deb 文件。 +Wire 有一个 64 位系统可使用的 .deb 客户机。如果你有一台[32 位或者 64 位系统][12]的电脑，你可以使用这些技巧来找到它。你可以从下面的链接下载 .deb 文件。 -【下载 Linux 版 Wire 【Beta】】【11】 +[下载 Linux 版 Wire [Beta]][11] 如果感兴趣的话，你也可以看一看它的源代码： -[桌面版 Wire 源代码】【10】 +[桌面版 Wire 源代码][10] -这是 Wire 的默认界面，看起来像【初级 Loki 操作系统】【9】: +这是 Wire 的默认界面，看起来像[初级 Loki 操作系统][9]: [![Linux 上的 Wire 桌面应用程序](https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Wire-desktop-appl-linux.jpeg)][8] 你看，它们甚至能在这儿得到机器人：） -你已经开始使用 Wire 了吗？如果是，你的体验是什么样的？如果没有，你将尝试一下吗？因为它现在是开源的【7】并且可以在 Linux 上使用。 +你已经开始使用 Wire 了吗？如果是，你的体验是什么样的？如果没有，你将尝试一下吗？因为它现在是开源的[7]并且可以在 Linux 上使用。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From 37a48a2d3829e420dce6d2d67282dea918dcc4f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lv Feng Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2016 13:50:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 04/12] Update 20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md --- ... PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md b/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md index 52c41aebc2..f6d2060fab 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md +++ b/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Wire 有一个 64 位系统可使用的 .deb 客户机。如果你有一台[32 你看，它们甚至能在这儿得到机器人：） -你已经开始使用 Wire 了吗？如果是，你的体验是什么样的？如果没有，你将尝试一下吗？因为它现在是开源的[7]并且可以在 Linux 上使用。 +你已经开始使用 Wire 了吗？如果是，你的体验是什么样的？如果没有，你将尝试一下吗？因为它现在是[开源的][7]并且可以在 Linux 上使用。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- From 020912cfc0bfab6eddfcb5a54ccd53a3703ac3e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lv Feng Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2016 13:51:58 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 05/12] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ... PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md b/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md index f6d2060fab..ca4d1c1e4d 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md +++ b/translated/tech/20161011 COOLEST PRIVACY FOCUSED OPEN SOURCE CHAT APP WIRE COMES TO LINUX.md @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ WhatsApp 也提供‘端到端加密’，但是考虑一下它的所有者[Face * 无广告，无数据收集，无数据分享 * 支持文本，语音以及视频聊天 * 支持群聊和群电话 -* 【音频过滤器】【1】（不需要吸入氦元素，只需要使用过滤器就可以用有趣的声音说话） +* [音频过滤器][1]（不需要吸入氦元素，只需要使用过滤器就可以用有趣的声音说话） * 不需要电话号码，可以使用邮箱登录 * 优美、现代化的界面 * 跨平台聊天应用程序，iOS，Android，Web，Mac，Windows 和 Linux 客户机均有相应版本 From c1c33705ac655232b845820f4df554bb737f15a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: wxy Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2016 22:44:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 06/12] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E6=AD=A3=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=90=8D=E4=B8=AD=E4=B8=8D=E5=8F=AF=E8=A7=81=E5=AD=97=E7=AC=A6?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit @oska874 @OneNewLife --- ...th Webpack 2.md => 20161024 Getting Started with Webpack 2.md} | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename sources/tech/{20161024 Getting Started with Webpack 2.md => 20161024 Getting Started with Webpack 2.md} (100%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20161024 Getting Started with Webpack 2.md b/sources/tech/20161024 Getting Started with Webpack 2.md similarity index 100% rename from sources/tech/20161024 Getting Started with Webpack 2.md rename to sources/tech/20161024 Getting Started with Webpack 2.md From fc83bf913a3502b0302293ec6fffac8c2db7b467 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: messon007 Date: Sun, 6 Nov 2016 00:04:38 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 07/12] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90=2020?= =?UTF-8?q?16-11-06?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...g may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md | 37 +++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md b/sources/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md index f7e481ad7f..6865bebbb2 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md +++ b/sources/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md @@ -1,45 +1,44 @@ -**************Translating By messon007************** -Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law +微流冷却可能阻止摩尔定律的消亡 ============================================================ ![](http://tr1.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2015/12/09/a7cb82d1-96e8-43b5-bfbd-d4593869b230/resize/620x/9607388a284e3a61a39f4399a9202bd7/networkingistock000042544852agsandrew.jpg) >Image: iStock/agsandrew -Existing technology's inability to keep microchips cool is fast becoming the number one reason why [Moore's Law][1] may soon meet its demise. +现有的技术无法对微芯片进行有效的冷却，这正快速成为摩尔定律消亡的第一原因。 -In the ongoing need for digital speed, scientists and engineers are working hard to squeeze more transistors and support circuitry onto an already-crowded piece of silicon. However, as complex as that seems, it pales in comparison to the [problem of heat buildup][2]. +随着对数字计算速度的需求，科学家和工程师正努力地将更多的晶体管和支撑电路放在已经很拥挤的硅片上。的确，它非常复杂，然而，和复杂性相比，热量聚积引起的问题更严重。 -"Right now, we're limited in the power we can put into microchips," says John Ditri, principal investigator at Lockheed Martin in [this press release][3]. "One of the biggest challenges is managing the heat. If you can manage the heat, you can use fewer chips, and that means using less material, which results in cost savings as well as reduced system size and weight. If you manage the heat and use the same number of chips, you'll get even greater performance in your system." +洛克希德马丁公司首席研究员John Ditri在新闻稿中说到：当前，我们可以放入微芯片的功能是有限的，最主要的原因之一是发热的管理。如果你能管理好发热，你可以用较少的芯片，较少的材料，那样就可以节约成本，并能减少系统的大小和重量。如果你能管理好发热，用相同数量的芯片将能获得更好的系统性能。 -Resistance to the flow of electrons through silicon causes the heat, and packing so many transistors in such a small space creates enough heat to destroy components. One way to eliminate heat buildup is to reduce the flow of electrons by [using photonics at the chip level][4]. However, photonic technology is not without its set of problems. +硅对电子流动的阻力产生了热量，在如此小的空间封装如此多的晶体管累积了足以毁坏元器件的热量。一种消除热累积的方法是在芯片层用光子学技术减少电子的流动，然而光子学技术有它的一系列问题。 -SEE: [Silicon photonics will revolutionize data centers in 2015][5] +SEE:2015年硅光子将引起数据中心的革命 [Silicon photonics will revolutionize data centers in 2015][5] -### Microfluid cooling might be the answer +### 微流冷却技术可能是问题的解决之道 -To seek out other solutions, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has initiated a program called [ICECool Applications][6] (Intra/Interchip Enhanced Cooling). "ICECool is exploring disruptive thermal technologies that will mitigate thermal limitations on the operation of military electronic systems while significantly reducing the size, weight, and power consumption," explains the [GSA website FedBizOpps.gov][7]. +为了寻找其他解决办法，国防高级研究计划局DARPA发起了一个关于ICECool应用[ICECool Applications][6] (片内/片间增强冷却技术)的项目。GSA网站FedBizOpps.gov.[GSA website FedBizOpps.gov][7]报道：ICECool正在探索革命性的热技术，其将减轻热耗对军用电子系统的限制，同时能显著减小军用电子系统的尺寸，重量和功耗。 -What is unique about this method of cooling is the push to use a combination of intra- and/or inter-chip microfluidic cooling and on-chip thermal interconnects. +微流冷却方法的独特之处在于组合使用片内和(或)片间微流冷却技术和片上热互连技术。 ![](http://tr4.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2016/05/25/fd3d0d17-bd86-4d25-a89a-a7050c4d59c4/resize/300x/e9c18034bde66526310c667aac92fbf5/microcooling-1.png) >MicroCooling 1 Image: DARPA -The [DARPA ICECool Application announcement][8] notes, "Such miniature intra- and/or inter-chip passages (see right) may take the form of axial micro-channels, radial passages, and/or cross-flow passages, and may involve micro-pores and manifolded structures to distribute and re-direct liquid flow, including in the form of localized liquid jets, in the most favorable manner to meet the specified heat flux and heat density metrics." +DARPA ICECool应用项目 [DARPA ICECool Application announcement][8] 指出, 这种微型片内和(或)片间通道可采用轴向微通道，径向通道和(或)横流通道，采用微孔和歧管结构及局部液体喷射形式来疏散和重新引导微流，从而以最有利的方式来满足指定的散热指标。 -Using the above technology, engineers at Lockheed Martin have experimentally demonstrated how on-chip cooling is a significant improvement. "Phase I of the ICECool program verified the effectiveness of Lockheed's embedded microfluidic cooling approach by showing a four-times reduction in thermal resistance while cooling a thermal demonstration die dissipating 1 kW/cm2 die-level heat flux with multiple local 30 kW/cm2 hot spots," mentions the Lockheed Martin press release. +通过上面的技术，洛克希德马丁的工程师已经实验性地证明了片上冷却是如何得到显著改善的。洛克希德马丁新闻报道：ICECool项目的第一阶段发现，当冷却具有多个局部30kW/cm2热点，发热为1kw/cm2的芯片时热阻减少了4倍，进而验证了洛克希德的嵌入式微流冷却方法的有效性。 -In phase II of the Lockheed Martin project, the engineers focused on RF amplifiers. The press release continues, "Utilizing its ICECool technology, the team has been able to demonstrate greater than six times increase in RF output power from a given amplifier while still running cooler than its conventionally cooled counterpart." +第二阶段，洛克希德马丁的工程师聚焦于RF放大器。通过ICECool的技术，团队演示了RF的输出功率可以得到6倍的增长，而放大器仍然比其常规冷却的更凉。 -### Moving to production +### 投产 -Confident of the technology, Lockheed Martin is already designing and building a functional microfluidic cooled transmit antenna. Lockheed Martin is also collaborating with Qorvo to integrate its thermal solution with Qorvo's high-performance [GaN process][9]. +出于对技术的信心，洛克希德马丁已经在设计和制造实用的微流冷却发射天线。 Lockheed Martin还与Qorvo合作，将其热解决方案与Qorvo的高性能GaN工艺 [GaN process][9] 集成. -The authors of the research paper [DARPA's Intra/Interchip Enhanced Cooling (ICECool) Program][10] suggest ICECool Applications will produce a paradigm shift in the thermal management of electronic systems. "ICECool Apps performers will define and demonstrate intra-chip and inter-chip thermal management approaches that are tailored to specific applications and this approach will be consistent with the materials sets, fabrication processes, and operating environment of the intended application." +研究论文 [DARPA's Intra/Interchip Enhanced Cooling (ICECool) Program][10] 的作者认为ICECool将使电子系统的热管理模式发生改变。ICECool应用的执行者将根据应用来定制片内和片间的热管理方法，这个方法需要兼顾应用的材料，制造工艺和工作环境。 -If this microfluidic technology is as successful as scientists and engineers suggest, it seems Moore's Law does have a fighting chance. +如果微流冷却能像科学家和工程师所说的成功的话，似乎摩尔定律会起死回生。 -For more about networking, subscribe to our Data Centers newsletter. +更多的关于网络的信息，请订阅Data Centers newsletter。 [SUBSCRIBE](https://secure.techrepublic.com/user/login/?regSource=newsletter-button&position=newsletter-button&appId=true&redirectUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.techrepublic.com%2Farticle%2Fmicrofluidic-cooling-may-prevent-the-demise-of-moores-law%2F&) @@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ For more about networking, subscribe to our Data Centers newsletter. via: http://www.techrepublic.com/article/microfluidic-cooling-may-prevent-the-demise-of-moores-law/ 作者：[Michael Kassner][a] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[messon007](https://github.com/messon007) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 From af68ffc096ace070d9dd64ffca8ff29afc3ef3ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: messon007 Date: Sun, 6 Nov 2016 00:06:47 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 08/12] Update and rename sources/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md to translated/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md --- ...icrofluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) rename {sources => translated}/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md (99%) diff --git a/sources/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md b/translated/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md similarity index 99% rename from sources/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md rename to translated/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md index 6865bebbb2..fe574c081d 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md +++ b/translated/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -微流冷却可能阻止摩尔定律的消亡 +微流冷却技术可能让摩尔定律起死回生 ============================================================ ![](http://tr1.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2015/12/09/a7cb82d1-96e8-43b5-bfbd-d4593869b230/resize/620x/9607388a284e3a61a39f4399a9202bd7/networkingistock000042544852agsandrew.jpg) From 169542502fb0a662f6015a33821838bcfe72cf58 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: messon007 Date: Sun, 6 Nov 2016 00:08:45 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 09/12] Update 20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md --- ...icrofluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md b/translated/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md index fe574c081d..95ab0ddd52 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md +++ b/translated/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ SEE:2015年硅光子将引起数据中心的革命 [Silicon photonics will revol ### 微流冷却技术可能是问题的解决之道 -为了寻找其他解决办法，国防高级研究计划局DARPA发起了一个关于ICECool应用[ICECool Applications][6] (片内/片间增强冷却技术)的项目。GSA网站FedBizOpps.gov.[GSA website FedBizOpps.gov][7]报道：ICECool正在探索革命性的热技术，其将减轻热耗对军用电子系统的限制，同时能显著减小军用电子系统的尺寸，重量和功耗。 +为了寻找其他解决办法，国防高级研究计划局DARPA发起了一个关于ICECool应用[ICECool Applications][6] (片内/片间增强冷却技术)的项目。GSA网站 [GSA website FedBizOpps.gov][7] 报道：ICECool正在探索革命性的热技术，其将减轻热耗对军用电子系统的限制，同时能显著减小军用电子系统的尺寸，重量和功耗。 微流冷却方法的独特之处在于组合使用片内和(或)片间微流冷却技术和片上热互连技术。 From 89225122dad0f9513e86e9f305e3db84436bd0a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: messon007 Date: Sun, 6 Nov 2016 00:12:11 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 10/12] =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...icrofluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/translated/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md b/translated/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md index 95ab0ddd52..95bba906d8 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md +++ b/translated/tech/20160604 Microfluidic cooling may prevent the demise of Moore's Law.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ 现有的技术无法对微芯片进行有效的冷却，这正快速成为摩尔定律消亡的第一原因。 -随着对数字计算速度的需求，科学家和工程师正努力地将更多的晶体管和支撑电路放在已经很拥挤的硅片上。的确，它非常复杂，然而，和复杂性相比，热量聚积引起的问题更严重。 +随着对数字计算速度的需求，科学家和工程师正努力地将更多的晶体管和支撑电路放在已经很拥挤的硅片上。的确，它非常地复杂，然而，和复杂性相比，热量聚积引起的问题更严重。 洛克希德马丁公司首席研究员John Ditri在新闻稿中说到：当前，我们可以放入微芯片的功能是有限的，最主要的原因之一是发热的管理。如果你能管理好发热，你可以用较少的芯片，较少的材料，那样就可以节约成本，并能减少系统的大小和重量。如果你能管理好发热，用相同数量的芯片将能获得更好的系统性能。 From fec098e8754d37df23797d4e586714468cdd1321 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: messon007 Date: Sun, 6 Nov 2016 00:21:34 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 11/12] Translating by messon007 --- sources/tech/20161103 Perl and the birth of the dynamic web.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/sources/tech/20161103 Perl and the birth of the dynamic web.md b/sources/tech/20161103 Perl and the birth of the dynamic web.md index e69126e365..7b816e3c25 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20161103 Perl and the birth of the dynamic web.md +++ b/sources/tech/20161103 Perl and the birth of the dynamic web.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +**************Translating by messon007****************** + # Perl and the birth of the dynamic web >The fascinating story of Perl's role in the dynamic web spans newsgroups and mailing lists, computer science labs, and continents. From 86cf6b2b1f293304a6330342a7d9b202f6bf67c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9C=B1=20=E6=9C=AC=E9=87=91?= Date: Sat, 5 Nov 2016 22:32:08 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 12/12] =?UTF-8?q?add=20=E7=BF=BB=E8=AF=91=E4=B8=AD=20to=20?= =?UTF-8?q?Building=20a=20data=20science=20portfolio:=20Storytelling=20wit?= =?UTF-8?q?h=20data=20(#4624)?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...ence portfolio - Storytelling with data.md | 59 ++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-) diff --git a/sources/tech/20160602 Building a data science portfolio - Storytelling with data.md b/sources/tech/20160602 Building a data science portfolio - Storytelling with data.md index 9871d0b91b..29a37b3d1b 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20160602 Building a data science portfolio - Storytelling with data.md +++ b/sources/tech/20160602 Building a data science portfolio - Storytelling with data.md @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ + +@poodarchu 翻译中 + Building a data science portfolio: Storytelling with data ======== @@ -419,13 +422,13 @@ data["class_size"].head() Out[4]: -| | CSD | BOROUGH | SCHOOL CODE | SCHOOL NAME | GRADE | PROGRAM TYPE | CORE SUBJECT (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | CORE COURSE (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | SERVICE CATEGORY(K-9* ONLY) | NUMBER OF STUDENTS / SEATS FILLED | NUMBER OF SECTIONS | AVERAGE CLASS SIZE | SIZE OF SMALLEST CLASS | SIZE OF LARGEST CLASS | DATA SOURCE | SCHOOLWIDE PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO | -| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | -| 0 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | GEN ED | - | - | - | 19.0 | 1.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | ATS | NaN | -| 1 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | CTT | - | - | - | 21.0 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | ATS | NaN | -| 2 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN | -| 3 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | CTT | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN | -| 4 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 02 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 15.0 | 1.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | ATS | NaN | +| | CSD | BOROUGH | SCHOOL CODE | SCHOOL NAME | GRADE | PROGRAM TYPE | CORE SUBJECT (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | CORE COURSE (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | SERVICE CATEGORY(K-9* ONLY) | NUMBER OF STUDENTS / SEATS FILLED | NUMBER OF SECTIONS | AVERAGE CLASS SIZE | SIZE OF SMALLEST CLASS | SIZE OF LARGEST CLASS | DATA SOURCE | SCHOOLWIDE PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO | +| ---- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ------------------------- | ----- | ------------ | ------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | ---------------------- | --------------------- | ----------- | ------------------------------ | +| 0 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | GEN ED | - | - | - | 19.0 | 1.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | ATS | NaN | +| 1 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | CTT | - | - | - | 21.0 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | ATS | NaN | +| 2 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN | +| 3 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | CTT | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN | +| 4 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 02 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 15.0 | 1.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | ATS | NaN | As you can see above, it looks like the `DBN` is actually a combination of `CSD`, `BOROUGH`, and `SCHOOL CODE`. For those unfamiliar with New York City, it is composed of `5` boroughs. Each borough is an organizational unit, and is about the same size as a fairly large US City.`DBN` stands for `District Borough Number`. It looks like `CSD` is the District, `BOROUGH` is the borough, and when combined with the `SCHOOL CODE`, forms the `DBN`. There’s no systematized way to find insights like this in data, and it requires some exploration and playing around to figure out. @@ -468,13 +471,13 @@ survey.head() ``` Out[16]: -| | N_p | N_s | N_t | aca_p_11 | aca_s_11 | aca_t_11 | aca_tot_11 | bn | com_p_11 | com_s_11 | ... | t_q8c_1 | t_q8c_2 | t_q8c_3 | t_q8c_4 | t_q9 | t_q9_1 | t_q9_2 | t_q9_3 | t_q9_4 | t_q9_5 | -| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | -| 0 | 90.0 | NaN | 22.0 | 7.8 | NaN | 7.9 | 7.9 | M015 | 7.6 | NaN | ... | 29.0 | 67.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | NaN | 5.0 | 14.0 | 52.0 | 24.0 | 5.0 | -| 1 | 161.0 | NaN | 34.0 | 7.8 | NaN | 9.1 | 8.4 | M019 | 7.6 | NaN | ... | 74.0 | 21.0 | 6.0 | 0.0 | NaN | 3.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 78.0 | 9.0 | -| 2 | 367.0 | NaN | 42.0 | 8.6 | NaN | 7.5 | 8.0 | M020 | 8.3 | NaN | ... | 33.0 | 35.0 | 20.0 | 13.0 | NaN | 3.0 | 5.0 | 16.0 | 70.0 | 5.0 | -| 3 | 151.0 | 145.0 | 29.0 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 7.9 | M034 | 8.2 | 5.9 | ... | 21.0 | 45.0 | 28.0 | 7.0 | NaN | 0.0 | 18.0 | 32.0 | 39.0 | 11.0 | -| 4 | 90.0 | NaN | 23.0 | 7.9 | NaN | 8.1 | 8.0 | M063 | 7.9 | NaN | ... | 59.0 | 36.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | NaN | 10.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 60.0 | 15.0 | +| | N_p | N_s | N_t | aca_p_11 | aca_s_11 | aca_t_11 | aca_tot_11 | bn | com_p_11 | com_s_11 | ... | t_q8c_1 | t_q8c_2 | t_q8c_3 | t_q8c_4 | t_q9 | t_q9_1 | t_q9_2 | t_q9_3 | t_q9_4 | t_q9_5 | +| ---- | ----- | ----- | ---- | -------- | -------- | -------- | ---------- | ---- | -------- | -------- | ---- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ---- | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | +| 0 | 90.0 | NaN | 22.0 | 7.8 | NaN | 7.9 | 7.9 | M015 | 7.6 | NaN | ... | 29.0 | 67.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | NaN | 5.0 | 14.0 | 52.0 | 24.0 | 5.0 | +| 1 | 161.0 | NaN | 34.0 | 7.8 | NaN | 9.1 | 8.4 | M019 | 7.6 | NaN | ... | 74.0 | 21.0 | 6.0 | 0.0 | NaN | 3.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 78.0 | 9.0 | +| 2 | 367.0 | NaN | 42.0 | 8.6 | NaN | 7.5 | 8.0 | M020 | 8.3 | NaN | ... | 33.0 | 35.0 | 20.0 | 13.0 | NaN | 3.0 | 5.0 | 16.0 | 70.0 | 5.0 | +| 3 | 151.0 | 145.0 | 29.0 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 7.9 | M034 | 8.2 | 5.9 | ... | 21.0 | 45.0 | 28.0 | 7.0 | NaN | 0.0 | 18.0 | 32.0 | 39.0 | 11.0 | +| 4 | 90.0 | NaN | 23.0 | 7.9 | NaN | 8.1 | 8.0 | M063 | 7.9 | NaN | ... | 59.0 | 36.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | NaN | 10.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 60.0 | 15.0 | 5 rows × 2773 columns @@ -513,13 +516,13 @@ data["class_size"].head() Out[18]: -| | CSD | BOROUGH | SCHOOL CODE | SCHOOL NAME | GRADE | PROGRAM TYPE | CORE SUBJECT (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | CORE COURSE (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | SERVICE CATEGORY(K-9* ONLY) | NUMBER OF STUDENTS / SEATS FILLED | NUMBER OF SECTIONS | AVERAGE CLASS SIZE | SIZE OF SMALLEST CLASS | SIZE OF LARGEST CLASS | DATA SOURCE | SCHOOLWIDE PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO | DBN | -| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | -| 0 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | GEN ED | - | - | - | 19.0 | 1.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | -| 1 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | CTT | - | - | - | 21.0 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | -| 2 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | -| 3 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | CTT | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | -| 4 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 02 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 15.0 | 1.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | +| | CSD | BOROUGH | SCHOOL CODE | SCHOOL NAME | GRADE | PROGRAM TYPE | CORE SUBJECT (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | CORE COURSE (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | SERVICE CATEGORY(K-9* ONLY) | NUMBER OF STUDENTS / SEATS FILLED | NUMBER OF SECTIONS | AVERAGE CLASS SIZE | SIZE OF SMALLEST CLASS | SIZE OF LARGEST CLASS | DATA SOURCE | SCHOOLWIDE PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO | DBN | +| ---- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ------------------------- | ----- | ------------ | ------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | ---------------------- | --------------------- | ----------- | ------------------------------ | ------ | +| 0 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | GEN ED | - | - | - | 19.0 | 1.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | +| 1 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | CTT | - | - | - | 21.0 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | +| 2 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | +| 3 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | CTT | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | +| 4 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 02 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 15.0 | 1.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | There are several rows for each high school (as you can see by the repeated `DBN` and `SCHOOL NAME` fields). However, if we take a look at the `sat_results` dataset, it only has one row per high school: @@ -531,13 +534,13 @@ data["sat_results"].head() Out[21]: -| | DBN | SCHOOL NAME | Num of SAT Test Takers | SAT Critical Reading Avg. Score | SAT Math Avg. Score | SAT Writing Avg. Score | -| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | -| 0 | 01M292 | HENRY STREET SCHOOL FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES | 29 | 355 | 404 | 363 | -| 1 | 01M448 | UNIVERSITY NEIGHBORHOOD HIGH SCHOOL | 91 | 383 | 423 | 366 | -| 2 | 01M450 | EAST SIDE COMMUNITY SCHOOL | 70 | 377 | 402 | 370 | -| 3 | 01M458 | FORSYTH SATELLITE ACADEMY | 7 | 414 | 401 | 359 | -| 4 | 01M509 | MARTA VALLE HIGH SCHOOL | 44 | 390 | 433 | 384 | +| | DBN | SCHOOL NAME | Num of SAT Test Takers | SAT Critical Reading Avg. Score | SAT Math Avg. Score | SAT Writing Avg. Score | +| ---- | ------ | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------- | ---------------------- | +| 0 | 01M292 | HENRY STREET SCHOOL FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES | 29 | 355 | 404 | 363 | +| 1 | 01M448 | UNIVERSITY NEIGHBORHOOD HIGH SCHOOL | 91 | 383 | 423 | 366 | +| 2 | 01M450 | EAST SIDE COMMUNITY SCHOOL | 70 | 377 | 402 | 370 | +| 3 | 01M458 | FORSYTH SATELLITE ACADEMY | 7 | 414 | 401 | 359 | +| 4 | 01M509 | MARTA VALLE HIGH SCHOOL | 44 | 390 | 433 | 384 | In order to combine these datasets, we’ll need to find a way to condense datasets like `class_size` to the point where there’s only a single row per high school. If not, there won’t be a way to compare SAT scores to class size. We can accomplish this by first understanding the data better, then by doing some aggregation. With the `class_size`dataset, it looks like `GRADE` and `PROGRAM TYPE` have multiple values for each school. By restricting each field to a single value, we can filter most of the duplicate rows. In the below code, we: