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alim0x translating
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The history of Android
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================================================================================
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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### Google Play and the return of direct-to-consumer device sales ###
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On March 6, 2012, Google unified all of its content offerings under the banner of "Google Play." The Android Market became the Google Play Store, Google Books became Google Play Books, Google Music became Google Play Music, and Android Market Movies became Google Play Movies & TV. While the app interfaces didn't change much, all four content apps got new names and icons. Content purchased in the Play Store would be downloaded to the appropriate app, and the Play Store and Play content apps all worked together to provide a fairly organized content experience.
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The Google Play update was Google's first big out-of-cycle update. Four packed-in apps were all changed without having to issue a system update—they were all updated through the Android Market/Play Store. Enabling out-of-cycle updates to individual apps was a big focus for Google, and being able to do an update like this was the culmination of an engineering effort that started in the Gingerbread era. Google had been working on "decoupling" the apps from the operating system and making everything portable enough to be distributed through the Android Market/Play Store.
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While one or two apps (mostly Maps and Gmail) had previously lived on the Android Market, from here on you'll see a lot more significant updates that have nothing to do with an operating system release. System updates require the cooperation of OEMs and carriers, so they are difficult to push out to every user. Play Store updates are completely controlled by Google, though, providing the company a direct line to users' devices. For the launch of Google Play, the Android Market updated itself to the Google Play Store, and from there, Books, Music, and Movies were all issued Google Play-flavored updates.
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The design of the Google Play apps was still all over the place. Each app looked and functioned differently, but for now, a cohesive brand was a good start. And removing "Android" from the branding was necessary because many services were available in the browser and could be used without touching an Android device at all.
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In April 2012, Google started [selling devices though the Play Store again][1], reviving the direct-to-customer model it had experimented with for the launch of the Nexus One. While it was only two years after ending the Nexus One sales, Internet shopping was now more common place, and buying something before you could hold it didn't seem as crazy as it did in 2010.
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Google also saw how price-conscious consumers became when faced with the Nexus One's $530 price tag. The first device for sale was an unlocked, GSM version of the Galaxy Nexus for $399. From there, price would go even lower. $350 has been the entry-level price for the last two Nexus smartphones, and 7-inch Nexus tablets would come in at only $200 to $220.
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Today, the Play Store sells eight different Android devices, four Chromebooks, a thermostat, and tons of accessories, and the device store is the de-facto location for a new Google product launch. New phone launches are so popular, the site usually breaks under the load, and new Nexus phones sell out in a few hours.
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### Android 4.1, Jelly Bean—Google Now points toward the future ###
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The Asus-made Nexus 7, Android 4.1's launch device.
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With the release of Android 4.1, Jelly Bean in July 2012, Google settled into an Android release cadence of about every six months. The platform matured to the point where a release every three months was unnecessary, and the slower release cycle gave OEMs a chance to catch their breath. Unlike Honeycomb, point releases were now fairly major updates, with 4.1 bringing major UI and framework changes.
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One of the biggest changes in Jelly Bean that you won't be able to see in screenshots is "Project Butter," the name for a concerted effort by Google's engineers to make Android animations run smoothly at 30FPS. Core changes were made, like Vsync and triple buffering, and individual animations were optimized so they could be drawn smoothly. Animation and scrolling smoothness had always been a weak point of Android when compared to iOS. After some work on both the core animation framework and on individual apps, Jelly Bean brought Android a lot closer to iOS' smoothness.
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Along with Jelly Bean came the [Nexus][2] 7, a 7-inch tablet manufactured by Asus. Unlike the primarily horizontal Xoom, the Nexus 7 was meant to be used in portrait mode, like a large phone. The Nexus 7 showed that, after almost a year-and-a-half of ecosystem building, Google was ready to commit to the tablet market with a flagship device. Like the Nexus One and GSM Galaxy Nexus, the Nexus 7 was sold online directly by Google. While those earlier devices had shockingly high prices for consumers that were used to carrier subsidies, the Nexus 7 hit a mass market price point of only $200. The price bought you a device with a 7-inch, 1280x800 display, a quad core, 1.2 GHz Tegra 3 processor, 1GB of RAM, and 8GB of storage. The Nexus 7 was such a good value that many wondered if Google was making any money at all on its flagship tablet.
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This smaller, lighter, 7-inch form factor would be a huge success for Google, and it put the company in the rare position of being an industry trendsetter. Apple, which started with a 10-inch iPad, was eventually forced to answer the Nexus 7 and tablets like it with the iPad Mini.
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4.1's new lock screen design, wallpaper, and the new on-press highlight on the system buttons.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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The Tron look introduced in Honeycomb was toned down a little in Ice Cream Sandwich, and Jelly Bean took things a step further. It started removing blue from large chunks of the operating system. The hint was the on-press highlights on the system buttons, which changed from blue to gray.
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A composite image of the new app lineup and the new notification panel with expandable notifications.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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The Notification panel was completely revamped, and we've finally arrived at the design used today in KitKat. The new panel extended to the top of the screen and covered the usual status icons, meaning the status bar was no longer visible when the panel was open. The time was prominently displayed in the top left corner, along with the date and a settings shortcut. The clear all notions button, which was represented by an "X" in Ice Cream Sandwich, changed to a stairstep icon, symbolizing the staggered sliding animation that cleared the notification panel. The bottom handle changed from a circle to a single line that ran the length of the notification panel. All the typography was changed—the notification panel now used bigger, thinner fonts for everything. This was another screen where the blue introduced in Ice Cream Sandwich and Honeycomb was removed. The notification panel was entirely gray now except for on-touch highlights.
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There was new functionality in the panel, too. Notifications were now expandable and could show much more information than the previous two-line design. It now showed up to eight lines of text and could even show buttons at the bottom of the notification. The screenshot notification had a share button at the bottom, and you could call directly from a missed call notification, or you could snooze a ringing alarm all from the notification panel. New notifications were expanded by default, but as they piled up they would collapse back to the traditional size. Dragging down on a notification with two fingers would expand it.
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The new Google Search app, with Google Now cards, voice search, and text search.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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The biggest feature addition to Jelly Bean for not only Android, but for Google as a whole, was the new version of the Google Search application. This introduced "Google Now," a predictive search feature. Google Now was displayed as several cards that sit below the search box, and it would offer results to searches Google thinks you care about. These were things like Google Maps searches for places you've recently looked at on your desktop computer or calendar appointment locations, the weather, and time at home while traveling.
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The new Google Search app could, of course, be launched with the Google icon, but it could also be accessed from any screen with a swipe up from the system bar. Long pressing on the system bar brought up a ring that worked similarly to the lock screen ring. The card section scrolled vertically, and cards could be a swipe away if you didn't want to see them. Voice Search was a big part of the updates. Questions weren't just blindly entered into Google; if Google knew the answer, it would also talk back using a text-To-Speech engine. And old-school text searches were, of course, still supported. Just tap on the bar and start typing.
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Google frequently called Google Now "the future of Google Search." Telling Google what you wanted wasn't good enough. Google wanted to know what you wanted before you did. Google Now put all of Google's data mining knowledge about you to work for you, and it was the company's biggest advantage against rival search services like Bing. Smartphones knew more about you than any other device you own, so the service debuted on Android. But Google slowly worked Google Now into Chrome, and eventually it will likely end up on Google.com.
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While the functionality was important, it became clear that Google Now was the most important design work to ever come out of the company, too. The white card aesthetic that this app introduced would become the foundation for Google's design of just about everything. Today, this card style is used in the Google Play Store and in all of the Play content apps, YouTube, Google Maps, Drive, Keep, Gmail, Google+, and many others. It's not just Android apps, either. Many of Google's desktop sites and iOS apps are inspired by this design. Design was historically one of Google's weak areas, but Google Now was the point where the company finally got its act together with a cohesive, company-wide design language.
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Yet another YouTube redesign. Information density went way down.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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Another version, another YouTube redesign. This time the list view was primarily thumbnail-based, with giant images taking up most of the screen real estate. Information density tanked with the new list design. Before YouTube would display around six items per screen, now it could only display three.
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YouTube was one of the first apps to add a sliding drawer to the left side of an app, a feature which would become a standard design style across Google's apps. The drawer has links for your account and channel subscriptions, which allowed Google to kill the tabs-on-top design.
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Google Play Service's responsibilities versus the rest of Android.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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### Google Play Services—fragmentation and making OS versions (nearly) obsolete ###
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It didn't seem like a big deal at the time, but in September 2012, Google Play Services 1.0 was automatically pushed out to every Android phone running 2.2 and up. It added a few Google+ APIs and support for OAuth 2.0.
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While this update might sound boring, Google Play Services would eventually grow to become an integral part of Android. Google Play Services acts as a shim between the normal apps and the installed Android OS, allowing Google to update or replace some core components and add APIs without having to ship out a new Android version.
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With Play Services, Google had a direct line to the core of an Android phone without having to go through OEM updates and carrier approval processes. Google used Play Services to add an entirely new location system, a malware scanner, remote wipe capabilities, and new Google Maps APIs, all without shipping an OS update. Like we mentioned at the end of the Gingerbread section, thanks to all the "portable" APIs implemented in Play Services, Gingerbread can still download a modern version of the Play Store and many other Google Apps.
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The other big benefit was compatibility with Android's user base. The newest release of an Android OS can take a very long time to get out to the majority of users, which means APIs that get tied to the latest version of the OS won't be any good to developers until the majority of the user base upgrades. Google Play Services is compatible with Froyo and above, which is 99 percent of active devices, and the updates pushed directly to phones through the Play Store. By including APIs in Google Play Services instead of Android, Google can push a new API out to almost all users in about a week. It's [a great solution][3] to many of the problems caused by version fragmentation.
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----------
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[Ron Amadeo][a] / Ron is the Reviews Editor at Ars Technica, where he specializes in Android OS and Google products. He is always on the hunt for a new gadget and loves to rip things apart to see how they work.
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[@RonAmadeo][t]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/21/
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|
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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|
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[1]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/04/unlocked-samsung-galaxy-nexus-can-now-be-purchased-from-google/
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[2]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/07/divine-intervention-googles-nexus-7-is-a-fantastic-200-tablet/
|
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[3]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/09/balky-carriers-and-slow-oems-step-aside-google-is-defragging-android/
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[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
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[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
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@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
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Fix: Cannot establish FTP connection to an SFTP server
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================================================================================
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### Problem ###
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The other day I had to connect to my web server. I use [FileZilla][1] for connecting to FTP servers. When I entered the hostname and password and tried to connect to the FTP server, it gave me the following error:
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> Error: Cannot establish FTP connection to an SFTP server. Please select proper protocol.
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>
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> Error: Critical error: Could not connect to server
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### Reason ###
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By reading the error message itself made me realize my mistake. I was trying to establish an [FTP][2] connection with an [SFTP][3] server. Clearly, I was not using the correct protocol (which should have been SFTP and not FTP).
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As you can see in the picture above, FileZilla defaults to FTP protocol.
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### Solution for “Cannot establish FTP connection to an SFTP server” ###
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Solution is simple. Use SFTP protocol instead of FTP. The one problem you might face is to know how to change the protocol to SFTP. This is where I am going to help you.
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In FileZilla menu, go to **File->Site Manager**.
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In the Site Manager, go in General tab and select SFTP in Protocol. Also fill in the host server, port number, user password etc.
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I hope you can handle things from here onward.
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I hope this quick tutorial helped you to fix “Cannot establish FTP connection to an SFTP server. Please select proper protocol.” problem. In related articles, you can read this post to [know how to set up FTP server in Linux][4].
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||
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via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-establish-ftp-connection-sftp-server/
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|
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作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
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[1]:https://filezilla-project.org/
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[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol
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[3]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol
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[4]:http://itsfoss.com/set-ftp-server-linux/
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@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
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Linux / UNIX Desktop Fun: Let it Snow On Your Desktop
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================================================================================
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Feeling lonely this holiday season? Try Xsnow. This little app will let it snow on the Unix / Linux desktop. Santa and his reindeer will complete your festive season feeling with moving snowflakes on your desktop, with Santa Claus running all over the screen.
|
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|
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I first installed this 13 or 14 years ago. It was was originally created for Macintosh systems in 1984. You can install it as follows:
|
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|
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### Install xsnow ###
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|
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Debian / Ubuntu / Mint users type the following command:
|
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|
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$ sudo apt-get install xsnow
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Freebsd users type the following command to install the same:
|
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|
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# cd /usr/ports/x11/xsnow/
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# make install clean
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|
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OR, try to add the package:
|
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|
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# pkg_add -r xsnow
|
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|
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#### A Note About Other Distros ####
|
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|
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1. Fedora / RHEL / CentOS Linux desktop users may find the package using [rpmfusion][1] repo.
|
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1. Gentoo user try Gentoo portage i.e. [emerge -p xsnow][2]
|
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1. OpenSuse Linux user try Yast and search for xsnow.
|
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|
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### How Do I Use xsnow? ###
|
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|
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Open a command-line terminal (select Applications > Accessories > Terminal), and then type the following to starts xsnow:
|
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|
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$ xsnow
|
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|
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Sample outputs:
|
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|
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|
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|
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Fig.01: Snow for your Linux and Unix desktop systems
|
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|
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You can set the background to a blue color and lets it snow white, type:
|
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|
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$ xsnow -bg blue -sc snow
|
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|
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To set the maximum number of snowflakes and runs as fast as possible, type:
|
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|
||||
$ xsnow -snowflakes 10000 -delay 0
|
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|
||||
Do not display the trees and Santa Claus running all over the screen, enter:
|
||||
|
||||
$ xsnow -notrees -nosanta
|
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|
||||
For more information about xsnow and other options, please see the manual page by typing man xsnow from the command line:
|
||||
|
||||
$ man xsnow
|
||||
|
||||
Recommended readings:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download Xsnow][1] from the official site.
|
||||
- Please note that [MS-Windows][2] and [Mac OS X version][3] attracts one time shareware fee.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-xsnow.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：Vivek Gite
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://rpmfusion.org/Configuration
|
||||
[2]:http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=2&chap=1
|
||||
[3]:http://dropmix.xs4all.nl/rick/Xsnow/
|
||||
[4]:http://dropmix.xs4all.nl/rick/WinSnow/
|
||||
[5]:http://dropmix.xs4all.nl/rick/MacOSXSnow/
|
||||
@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
|
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Linux / UNIX Desktop Fun: Steam Locomotive
|
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================================================================================
|
||||
One of the most [common mistake][1] is typing sl instead of ls command. I actually set [an alias][2] i.e. alias sl=ls; but then you may miss out the steam train with whistle.
|
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|
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sl is a joke software or classic UNIX game. It is a steam locomotive runs across your screen if you type "sl" (Steam Locomotive) instead of "ls" by mistake.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install sl ###
|
||||
|
||||
Type the following command under Debian / Ubuntu Linux, enter:
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install sl
|
||||
|
||||
It is also available on FreeBSD and other UNIX like operating systems. Next, mistyped ls command as sl:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sl
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Fig.01: Run steam locomotive across the screen if you type "sl" instead of "ls"
|
||||
|
||||
It also supports the following options:
|
||||
|
||||
- **-a** : An accident seems to happen. You'll feel pity for people who cry for help.
|
||||
- **-l** : shows little one.
|
||||
- **-F** : It flies.
|
||||
- **-e** : Allow interrupt by Ctrl+C.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/displays-animations-when-accidentally-you-type-sl-instead-of-ls.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：Vivek Gite
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/my-10-unix-command-line-mistakes.html
|
||||
[2]:http://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Create_and_use_aliases
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
|
||||
安卓编年史
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Ron Amadeo 供图
|
||||
|
||||
### Google Play 和直接面向消费者出售设备的回归 ###
|
||||
|
||||
2012年3月6日，谷歌将旗下提供的所有内容统一到 “Google Play”。安卓市场变为了 Google Play 商店，Google Books 变为 Google Play Books，Google Music 变为 Google Play Music，还有 Android Market Movies 变为 Google Play Movies & TV。尽管应用界面的变化不是很大，这四个内容应用都获得了新的名称和图标。在 Play 商店购买的内容会下载到对应的应用中，Play 商店和 Play 内容应用一道给用户提供了易管理的内容体验。
|
||||
|
||||
Google Play 更新是谷歌第一个大的更新周期外更新。四个自带应用都没有通过系统更新获得升级，它们都是直接通过安卓市场/ Play商店更新的。对单独的应用启用周期外更新是谷歌的重大关注点之一，而能够实现这样的更新，是自姜饼时代开始的工程努力的顶峰。谷歌一直致力于对应用从系统“解耦”，从而让它们能够通过安卓市场/ Play 商店进行分发。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管一两个应用（主要是地图和 Gmail）之前就在安卓市场上，从这里开始你会看到许多更重大的更新，而其和系统发布无关。系统更新需要 OEM 厂商和运营商的合作，所以很难保证推送到每个用户手上。而 Play 商店更新则完全掌握在谷歌手上，给了谷歌一条直接到达用户设备的途径。因为 Google Play 的发布，安卓市场对自身升级到了 Google Play Store，在那之后，图书，音乐以及电影应用都下发了 Google Play 式的更新。
|
||||
|
||||
Google Play 系列应用的设计仍然不尽相同。每个应用的外观和功能各有差异，但暂且来说，一个统一的品牌标识是个好的开始。从品牌标识中去除“安卓”字样是很有必要的，因为很多服务是在浏览器中提供的，不需要安卓设备也能使用。
|
||||
|
||||
2012年4月，谷歌[再次开始通过 Play 商店销售设备][1]，恢复在 Nexus One 发布时尝试的直接面向消费者销售的方式。尽管距 Nexus One 销售结束仅有两年，但往上购物现在更加寻常，在接触到物品之前就购买它并不像在2010年时听起来那么疯狂。
|
||||
|
||||
谷歌也看到了价格敏感的用户在面对 Nexus One 530美元的价格时的反应。第一部销售的设备是无锁的，GSM 版本的 Galaxy Nexus，价格399美元。在那之后，价格变得更低。350美元成为了最近两台 Nexus 设备的入门价，7英寸 Nexus 平板的价格更是只有200美元到220美元。
|
||||
|
||||
今天，Play 商店销售八款不同的安卓设备，四款 Chromebook，一款自动调温器，以及许多配件，设备商店已经是谷歌新产品发布的实际地点了。新产品发布总是如此受欢迎，站点往往无法承载如此大的流量，新 Nexus 手机也在几小时内售空。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安卓 4.1，果冻豆——Google Now指明未来
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
华硕制造的 Nexus 7，安卓 4.1 的首发设备。
|
||||
|
||||
随着2012年7月安卓 4.1 果冻豆的发布，谷歌的安卓发布节奏进入每六个月一发布的轨道。平台已经成熟，三个月的发布周期就没那么必要了，更长的发布周期也给了 OEM 厂商足够的时间跟上谷歌的节奏。和蜂巢不同，小数点后的更新发布现在是主要更新，4.1 带来了主要的界面更新和框架变化。
|
||||
|
||||
果冻豆最大的变化之一，并且你在截图中看不到的是“黄油计划”，谷歌工程师齐心努力让安卓的动画顺畅地跑在 30FPS 上。还有一些核心变化，像垂直同步和三重缓冲，每个动画都经过优化以流畅地绘制。动画和顺滑滚动一直是安卓和 iOS 相比之下的弱点。经过在核心动画框架和单独的应用上的努力，果冻豆让安卓的流畅度大幅接近 iOS。
|
||||
|
||||
和果冻豆一起到来的还有 [Nexus][2] 7，由华硕生产的7英寸平板。不像之前主要是横屏模式的 Xoom，Nexus 7 主要以竖屏模式使用，像个大一号的手机。Nexus 7 展现了经过一年半的生态建设，谷歌已经准备好了给平板市场带来一部旗舰设备。和 Nexus One 和 GSM Galaxy Nexus 一样，Nexus 7 直接由谷歌在线销售。尽管那些早先的设备对习惯于运营商补贴的消费者来说拥有惊人的高价，Nexus 7 以仅仅 200 美元的价格推向大众市场。这个价格给你带来一部7英寸，1280x800 英寸显示屏，四核 1.2GHz Tegra 3 处理器，1GB 内存，8GB 内置存储的设备。Nexus 7 的性价比如此之高，许多人都想知道谷歌到底有没有在其旗舰平板上赚到钱。
|
||||
|
||||
更小，更轻，7英寸，这些因素促成了谷歌巨大的成功，并且将谷歌带向了引领行业潮流的位置。一开始制造10英寸 iPad 的苹果，最终也不得不推出和 Nexus 7 相似的 iPad Mini 来应对。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4.1 的新锁屏设计，壁纸，以及系统按钮新的点击高亮。
|
||||
Ron Amadeo 供图
|
||||
|
||||
蜂巢引入的电子风格在冰淇淋三明治中有所减少，果冻豆在此之上走得更远。它开始从系统中大范围地移除蓝色。迹象就是系统按钮的点击高亮从蓝色变为了灰色。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
新应用阵容合成图以及新的消息可展开通知面板。
|
||||
Ron Amadeo 供图
|
||||
|
||||
通知中心面板完全重制了，这个设计一直沿用到今天的奇巧巧克力（KitKat）。新面板扩展到了屏幕顶部，并且覆盖了状态栏图标，这意味着通知面板打开的时候不再能看到状态栏。时间突出显示在左上角，旁边是日期和设置按钮。清除所有通知按钮，冰淇淋三明治中显示为一个“X”按钮，现在变为阶梯状的按钮，象征着清除所有通知的时候消息交错滑动的动画效果。底部的面板把手从一个小圆换成了一条直线，和面板等宽。所有的排版都发生了变化——通知面板的所有项现在都使用了更大，更细的字体。通知面板是另一个从冰淇淋三明治和蜂巢中引入的蓝色元素被移除的屏幕。除了触摸高亮之外整个通知面板都是灰色的。
|
||||
|
||||
通知面板也引入了新功能。相较于之前的两行设计，现在的通知消息可以展开以显示更多信息。通知消息可以显示最多8行文本，甚至还能在消息底部显示按钮。屏幕截图通知消息底部有个分享按钮，你也可以直接从未接来电通知拨号，或者将一个正在响铃的闹钟小睡，这些都可以在通知面板完成。新通知消息默认展开，但当它们堆叠到一起时会恢复原来的尺寸。在通知消息上双指向下滑动可以展开消息。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
新谷歌搜索应用，带有 Google Now 卡片，语音搜索，以及文字搜索。
|
||||
Ron Amadeo 供图
|
||||
|
||||
果冻豆中不止对安卓而言，也是对谷歌来说最大的特性，是新版谷歌搜索应用。它带来了“Google Now”，一个预测性搜索功能。Google Now 在搜索框下面显示为几张卡片，它会提供谷歌认为你所关心的事物的搜索结果。就比如谷歌地图搜索你最近在桌面电脑查找的地点或日历的约会地点，天气，以及旅行时回家的时间。
|
||||
|
||||
新版谷歌搜索应用自然可以从谷歌图标启动，但它还可以在任意屏幕从系统栏上滑访问。长按系统栏会唤出一个类似锁屏解锁的环。卡片部分纵向滚动，如果你不想看到它们，可以滑动消除它们。语音搜索是更新的一个大部分。提问不是无脑地输入进谷歌，如果谷歌知道答案，它还会用文本语音转换引擎回答你。传统的文字搜索当然也受支持。只需点击搜索栏然后开始输入即可。
|
||||
|
||||
谷歌经常将 Google Now 称作“谷歌搜索的未来”。告诉谷歌你想要什么这还不够好。谷歌想要在你之前知道你想要什么。Google Now 用谷歌所有的数据挖掘关于你的知识为你服务，这也是谷歌对抗搜索引擎竞争对手，比如必应，最大的优势所在。智能手机比你拥有的其它设备更了解你，所以该服务在安卓上首次亮相。但谷歌慢慢也将 Google Now 加入 Chrome，最终似乎会到达 Google.com。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管功能很重要，但同时 Google Now 是谷歌产品有史以来最重要的设计工作也是毋庸置疑的。谷歌搜索应用引入的白色卡片审美将会成为几乎所有谷歌产品设计的基础。今天，卡片风格被用在 Google Play 商店以及所有的 Play 内容应用，Youtube，谷歌地图，Drive，Keep，Gmail，Google+以及其它产品。同时也不限于安卓应用。不少谷歌的桌面站点和 iOS 应用也以此设计为灵感。设计是谷歌历史中的弱项之一，但 Google Now 开始谷歌最终在设计上采取了行动，带来一个统一的，全公司范围的设计语言。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
又一个 Youtube 的重新设计，信息密度有所下降。
|
||||
Ron Amadeo 供图
|
||||
|
||||
又一个版本，又一个 Youtube 的重新设计。这次列表视图主要基于略缩图，大大的图片占据了屏幕的大部分。信息密度在新列表设计中有所下降。之前 Youtube 每屏大约能显示6个项目，现在只能显示3个。
|
||||
|
||||
Youtube 是首批在应用左侧加入滑动抽屉的应用之一，该特性会成为谷歌应用的标准设计风格。抽屉中有你的账户的链接和订阅频道，这让谷歌可以去除页面顶部标签页设计。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Google Play 服务的职责以及安卓的剩余部分职责。
|
||||
Ron Amadeo 供图
|
||||
|
||||
### Google Play Services—fragmentation and making OS versions (nearly) obsolete ###
|
||||
### Google Play 服务——碎片化和让系统版本（几乎）过时 ###
|
||||
|
||||
碎片化那时候看起来这并不是个大问题，但2012年12月，Google Play 服务 1.0 面向所有安卓2.2及以上版本的手机推出。它添加了一些 Google+ API 和对 OAuth 2.0 的支持。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管这个升级听起来很无聊，但 Google Play 服务最终会成长为安卓整体的一部分。Google Play 服务扮演着正常应用和安卓系统的中间角色，使得谷歌可以升级或替换一些核心组件，并在不发布新安卓版本的前提下添加 API。
|
||||
|
||||
有了 Play 服务，谷歌有了直接接触安卓手机核心部分的能力，而不用通过 OEM 更新一集运营商批准的过程。谷歌使用 Play 服务添加了全新的位置系统，恶意软件扫描，远程擦除功能，以及新的谷歌地图 API，所有的这一切都不用通过发布一个系统更新实现。正如我们在姜饼部分的结尾提到的，感谢 Play 服务里这些“可移植的”API 实现，姜饼仍然能够下载现代版本的 Play 商店和许多其他的谷歌应用。
|
||||
|
||||
另一个巨大的益处是安卓用户基础的兼容性。最新版本的安卓系统要经过很长时间到达大多数用户手中，这意味着最新版本系统绑定的 API 在大多数用户升级之前对开发者来说没有任何意义。Google Play 服务兼容冻酸奶及以上版本，换句话说就是99%的活跃设备，并且更新可以直接通过 Play 商店直接推送到手机上。通过将 API 包含在 Google Play 服务中而不是安卓中，谷歌可以在一周内将新 API 推送到几乎所有用户手中。这对许多版本碎片化引起的问题来说是个[伟大的解决方案][3]。
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Ron Amadeo][a] / Ron是Ars Technica的评论编缉，专注于安卓系统和谷歌产品。他总是在追寻新鲜事物，还喜欢拆解事物看看它们到底是怎么运作的。
|
||||
|
||||
[@RonAmadeo][t]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/21/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/04/unlocked-samsung-galaxy-nexus-can-now-be-purchased-from-google/
|
||||
[2]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/07/divine-intervention-googles-nexus-7-is-a-fantastic-200-tablet/
|
||||
[3]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/09/balky-carriers-and-slow-oems-step-aside-google-is-defragging-android/
|
||||
[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
|
||||
[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
|
||||
修复：无法与SFTP服务器建立FTP连接
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
### 问题 ###
|
||||
|
||||
有一天我要连接到我的web服务器。我使用[FileZilla][1]连接到FTP服务器。当我输入主机名和密码后来连接服务器后，我得到了下面的错误。
|
||||
|
||||
> Error: Cannot establish FTP connection to an SFTP server. Please select proper protocol.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Error: Critical error: Could not connect to server
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 原因 ###
|
||||
|
||||
看见错误信息后我意识到了我的错误。我尝试与一台SFTP服务器建立一个[FTP][2]连接。很明显我没有使用一个正确的协议（应该是SFTP而不是FTP）。
|
||||
|
||||
如你在上图所见，FileZilla默认使用的是FTP协议。
|
||||
|
||||
### 解决“Cannot establish FTP connection to an SFTP server”的方案 ###
|
||||
|
||||
解决方案很简单。使用SFTP协议而不是FTP。一个你或许要面对的问题是把协议修改成SFTP。这就是我要帮助你的。
|
||||
|
||||
再FileZilla菜单中，进入 **文件->站点管理**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在站点管理中，进入通用选项并选择SFTP协议。同样填上主机、端口号、用户密码等。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我希望你从这里可以开始处理。
|
||||
|
||||
我希望本篇教程可以帮助你修复“Cannot establish FTP connection to an SFTP server. Please select proper protocol.”这个问题。在相关的文章中，你可以读[了解在Linux中如何设置FTP][4]。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-establish-ftp-connection-sftp-server/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:https://filezilla-project.org/
|
||||
[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol
|
||||
[3]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol
|
||||
[4]:http://itsfoss.com/set-ftp-server-linux/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
|
||||
Linux/Unix桌面趣事：让桌面下雪
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
在这个节日里感到孤独么？试一下Xsnow吧。它是一个可以在Unix/Linux桌面下下雪的app。圣诞老人和他的驯鹿会在屏幕中奔跑，伴随着雪片让你感受到节日的感觉。
|
||||
|
||||
我第一次是再13、4年前安装的它。它最初是在1984年Macintosh系统中创造的。你可以用下面的方法来安装：
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装 xsnow ###
|
||||
|
||||
Debian/Ubuntu/Mint用户用下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install xsnow
|
||||
|
||||
Freebsd用户输入下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
# cd /usr/ports/x11/xsnow/
|
||||
# make install clean
|
||||
|
||||
或者尝试添加包：
|
||||
|
||||
# pkg_add -r xsnow
|
||||
|
||||
#### 其他发行版的方法 ####
|
||||
|
||||
1. Fedora/RHEL/CentOS在[rpmfusion][1]仓库中找找。
|
||||
2. Gentoo用户试下Gentoo portage也就是[emerge -p xsnow][2]
|
||||
3. Opensuse用户使用yast搜索xsnow
|
||||
|
||||
### 我该如何使用xsnow？ ###
|
||||
|
||||
打开终端（程序 > 附件 > 终端），输入下面的额命令启动xsnow：
|
||||
|
||||
$ xsnow
|
||||
|
||||
示例输出:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
图01: 在Linux和Unix桌面中显示雪花
|
||||
|
||||
你可以设置背景位蓝色，并让它下白雪，输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ xsnow -bg blue -sc snow
|
||||
|
||||
设置最大的雪片数量，并让它尽可能快地运行，输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ xsnow -snowflakes 10000 -delay 0
|
||||
|
||||
不要显示圣诞树和圣诞老人满屏幕地跑，输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ xsnow -notrees -nosanta
|
||||
|
||||
关于xsnow更多的信息和选项，在命令行下输入man xsnow查看手册：
|
||||
|
||||
$ man xsnow
|
||||
|
||||
建议阅读
|
||||
|
||||
- 官网[下载 Xsnow][1]
|
||||
- 注意[MS-Windows][2]和[Mac OS X version][3]有一次性的共享软件费用。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-xsnow.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：Vivek Gite
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://rpmfusion.org/Configuration
|
||||
[2]:http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=2&chap=1
|
||||
[3]:http://dropmix.xs4all.nl/rick/Xsnow/
|
||||
[4]:http://dropmix.xs4all.nl/rick/WinSnow/
|
||||
[5]:http://dropmix.xs4all.nl/rick/MacOSXSnow/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
|
||||
Linux/Unix 桌面趣事：蒸汽火车
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
一个[最常见的错误][1]是把ls输入成了sl。我已经设置了[一个alias][2]，也就是alias sl=ls。但是你也许就错过了带汽笛的蒸汽小火车了。
|
||||
|
||||
sl是一个玩笑软件或是一个Unix游戏。它会在你错误地把“ls”输入成“sl”（Steam Locomotive）后出现一辆蒸汽火车穿过你的屏幕。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装 sl ###
|
||||
|
||||
在Debian/Ubuntu下输入下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install sl
|
||||
|
||||
它同样也在Freebsd和其他类Unix的操作系统上存在。下面把ls输错成sl：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sl
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
图01: 如果你把“ls”输入成“sl”蒸汽火车会穿过你的屏幕。
|
||||
|
||||
It also supports the following options:
|
||||
它同样支持下面的选项：
|
||||
|
||||
- **-a** : 似乎发生了意外。你会哭喊求助的人们感到难过。
|
||||
- **-l** : 显示小一点的火车
|
||||
- **-F** : 它飞走
|
||||
- **-e** : 允许被Ctrl+C终端
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/displays-animations-when-accidentally-you-type-sl-instead-of-ls.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：Vivek Gite
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/my-10-unix-command-line-mistakes.html
|
||||
[2]:http://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Create_and_use_aliases
|
||||
@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
|
||||
Linux / UNIX Desktop Fun: Terminal ASCII Aquarium
|
||||
Linux/Unix桌面趣事：终端ASCII水族箱
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
You can now enjoy mysteries of the sea from the safety of your own terminal using ASCIIQuarium. It is an aquarium/sea animation in ASCII art created using perl.
|
||||
你可以在你的终端中使用ASCIIQuarium安全地欣赏海洋的神秘了。它是一个用perl写的ASCII艺术水族箱/海洋动画。
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Term::Animation ###
|
||||
### 安装 Term::Animation ###
|
||||
|
||||
First, you need to install Perl module called Term-Animation. Open a command-line terminal (select Applications > Accessories > Terminal), and then type:
|
||||
|
||||
首先你需要安装名为Term-Animation的perl模块。打开终端（选择程序 > 附件 > 终端），并输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install libcurses-perl
|
||||
$ cd /tmp
|
||||
@ -14,9 +15,9 @@ First, you need to install Perl module called Term-Animation. Open a command-lin
|
||||
$ perl Makefile.PL && make && make test
|
||||
$ sudo make install
|
||||
|
||||
### Download and Install ASCIIQuarium ###
|
||||
### 下载安装ASCIIQuarium ###
|
||||
|
||||
While still at bash prompt, type:
|
||||
接着再终端中输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ cd /tmp
|
||||
$ wget http://www.robobunny.com/projects/asciiquarium/asciiquarium.tar.gz
|
||||
@ -25,35 +26,35 @@ While still at bash prompt, type:
|
||||
$ sudo cp asciiquarium /usr/local/bin
|
||||
$ sudo chmod 0755 /usr/local/bin/asciiquarium
|
||||
|
||||
### How do I view my ASCII Aquarium? ###
|
||||
### 我怎么浏览ASCII水族箱? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Simply type the following command:
|
||||
输入下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ /usr/local/bin/asciiquarium
|
||||
|
||||
OR
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
$ perl /usr/local/bin/asciiquarium
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Related media ###
|
||||
### 相关媒体 ###
|
||||
|
||||
注：youtube 视频
|
||||
<iframe width="596" height="335" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/MzatWgu67ok"></iframe>
|
||||
|
||||
[Video 01: ASCIIQuarium - Sea Animation on Linux / Unix Desktop][1]
|
||||
[视频01： ASCIIQuarium - Linux/Unix桌面上的海洋动画][1]
|
||||
|
||||
### Download: erminal ASCII Aquarium KDE and Mac OS X Version ###
|
||||
### 下载：ASCII Aquarium的KDE和Mac OS X版本 ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Download asciiquarium][2]. If you're running Mac OS X, try a packaged [version][3] that will run out of the box. For KDE users, try a [KDE Screensaver][4] based on the Asciiquarium.
|
||||
[下载asciiquarium][2]。如果你运行的是Mac OS X，试下一个可以直接使用已经打包好的[版本][3]。对于KDE用户，试试基于Asciiquarium的[KDE屏幕保护程序][4]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-apple-osx-terminal-ascii-aquarium.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：Vivek Gite
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -61,4 +62,4 @@ via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-apple-osx-terminal-ascii-aquarium.
|
||||
[1]:http://youtu.be/MzatWgu67ok
|
||||
[2]:http://www.robobunny.com/projects/asciiquarium/html/
|
||||
[3]:http://habilis.net/macasciiquarium/
|
||||
[4]:http://kde-look.org/content/show.php?content=29207
|
||||
[4]:http://kde-look.org/content/show.php?content=29207
|
||||
@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
|
||||
Linux / Unix Desktop Fun: Cat And Mouse Chase All Over Your Screen
|
||||
Linux/Unix桌面趣事：猫和老鼠在屏幕中追逐
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Oneko is a little fun app. It will change your cursor into mouse and creates a little cute cat and the cat start chasing around your mouse cursor. The word "neko" means "cat" in Japanese and it was originally written by a Japanese author as a Macintosh desktop accessory.
|
||||
Oneko是一个有趣的app。它会把你的光标变成一直老鼠,并在后面创建一个可爱的小猫，并且始终在老鼠光标后面追着。单词“neko”再日语中的意思是老鼠。它最初是作为Macintosh桌面附件由一位日本人开发的。
|
||||
|
||||
### Install oneko ###
|
||||
### 安装 oneko ###
|
||||
|
||||
Type the following command:
|
||||
试下下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install oneko
|
||||
|
||||
Sample outputs:
|
||||
示例输出：
|
||||
|
||||
[sudo] password for vivek:
|
||||
Reading package lists... Done
|
||||
@ -29,61 +29,63 @@ Sample outputs:
|
||||
Setting up oneko (1.2.sakura.6-7) ...
|
||||
Processing triggers for menu ...
|
||||
|
||||
FreeBSD unix user type the following command to install oneko:
|
||||
FreeBSD用户输入下面的命令安装oneko：
|
||||
|
||||
# cd /usr/ports/games/oneko
|
||||
# make install clean
|
||||
|
||||
### How do I use oneko? ###
|
||||
### 我该如何使用oneko？ ###
|
||||
|
||||
Simply type the following command:
|
||||
输入下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ oneko
|
||||
|
||||
You can make cat into "tora-neko", a cat wite tiger-like stripe:
|
||||
你可以把猫变成“tora-neko”，一只像白老虎条纹的猫：
|
||||
|
||||
$ oneko -tora
|
||||
|
||||
### Not a cat person? ###
|
||||
### 不喜欢猫? ###
|
||||
|
||||
You can run a dog instead of a cat:
|
||||
你可以用狗代替猫：
|
||||
|
||||
$ oneko -dog
|
||||
|
||||
The followin will runs Sakura Kinomoto instead of a cat:
|
||||
下面可以用樱花代替猫：
|
||||
|
||||
$ oneko -sakura
|
||||
|
||||
Runs Tomoyo Daidouji instead of a cat:
|
||||
用大道寺代替猫：
|
||||
|
||||
$ oneko -tomoyo
|
||||
|
||||
### Check out related media ###
|
||||
### 查看相关媒体 ###
|
||||
|
||||
This tutorial also available in video format:
|
||||
这个教程同样也有视频格式：
|
||||
|
||||
注：youtube 视频
|
||||
<iframe width="596" height="335" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/Nm3SkXThL0s"></iframe>
|
||||
|
||||
(Video.01: Demo - Install and use oneko under Linux)
|
||||
(Video.01: 示例 - 在Linux下安装和使用oneko)
|
||||
|
||||
### Other options ###
|
||||
### 其他选项 ###
|
||||
|
||||
You can pass the following options:
|
||||
你可以传入下面的选项
|
||||
|
||||
1. **-tofocus** : Makes cat run to and on top of focus window. When focus window is not in sight, cat chases mouse as usually.
|
||||
1. **-position geometry** : Specify X and Y offsets in pixels to adjust position of cat relative to mouse pointer./li>
|
||||
1. **-rv** : Reverse background color and foreground color.
|
||||
1. **-fg color** : Foreground color (e.g., oneko -dog -fg red).
|
||||
1. **-bg color** : Background color (e.g., oneko -dog -bg green).
|
||||
1. See oneko man page for more information.
|
||||
1.**-tofocus**：让猫再聚焦的窗口顶部奔跑。当聚焦的窗口不在视野中时，猫像平常那样追逐老鼠。
|
||||
2. **-position 坐标** ：指定X和Y来调整猫相对老鼠的位置
|
||||
3. **-rv**：将前景色和背景色对调
|
||||
4. **-fg 颜色** : 前景色 (比如 oneko -dog -fg red)。
|
||||
5. **-bg 颜色** : 背景色 (比如 oneko -dog -bg green)。
|
||||
6. 查看oneko的手册获取更多信息。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/open-source/oneko-app-creates-cute-cat-chasing-around-your-mouse/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：Vivek Gite
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
|
||||
(翻译中 by runningwater)Search Multiple Words / String Pattern Using grep Command
|
||||
使用 grep 命令来搜索多个单词/字符串模式
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
How do I search multiple strings or words using the grep command? For example I'd like to search word1, word2, word3 and so on within /path/to/file. How do I force grep to search multiple words?
|
||||
要使用 grep 命令来搜索多个字符串或单词，我们该怎么做？例如我想要查找 /path/to/file 文件中的 word1、word2、word3 等单词，我怎么样命令 grep 查找这些单词呢？
|
||||
|
||||
The [grep command supports regular expression][1] pattern. To search multiple words, use following syntax:
|
||||
[grep 命令支持正则表达式][1]匹配模式。要使用多单词搜索，请使用如下语法：
|
||||
|
||||
grep 'word1\|word2\|word3' /path/to/file
|
||||
|
||||
In this example, search warning, error, and critical words in a text log file called /var/log/messages, enter:
|
||||
下的例子中，要在一个名叫 /var/log/messages 的文本日志文件中查找 warning、error 和 critical 这几个单词，输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ grep 'warning\|error\|critical' /var/log/messages
|
||||
|
||||
To just match words, add -w swith:
|
||||
仅仅只是要匹配单词的话，可以加上 -w 选项参数：
|
||||
|
||||
$ grep -w 'warning\|error\|critical' /var/log/messages
|
||||
|
||||
egrep command can skip the above syntax and use the following syntax:
|
||||
egrep 命令可以跳过上面的语法格式，其使用的语法格式如下：
|
||||
|
||||
$ egrep -w 'warning|error|critical' /var/log/messages
|
||||
|
||||
I recommend that you pass the -i (ignore case) and --color option as follows:
|
||||
我建义您们加上 -i (忽略大小写) 和 --color 选项参数，如下示：
|
||||
|
||||
$ egrep -wi --color 'warning|error|critical' /var/log/messages
|
||||
|
||||
Sample outputs:
|
||||
输出示例：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Fig.01: Linux / Unix egrep Command Search Multiple Words Demo Output
|
||||
Fig.01: Linux / Unix egrep 命令查找多个单词输出例子
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user