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38
translated/tech/20140731 Easy Steps to Make GNOME 3 More Efficient.md → published/20140731 Easy Steps to Make GNOME 3 More Efficient.md
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### 添加窗口按钮 ###
处于一些未知的原因，GNOME的开发者们决定对标准的窗口按钮（关闭，最小化，最大化）不屑一顾，而支持只有单个关闭按钮的窗口了。我缺少了最大化按钮（虽然你可以简单地拖动窗口到屏幕顶部来将它最大化），然而也可以通过在标题栏右击选择最小化或者最大化来进行最小化/最大化操作。这种变化仅仅增加了操作步骤，因此缺少最小化按钮实在搞得人云里雾里。所幸的是，有个简单的修复工具可以解决这个问题，下面说说怎样做吧：
出于一些未知的原因，GNOME的开发者们决定对标准的窗口按钮（关闭，最小化，最大化）不屑一顾，而支持只有单个关闭按钮的窗口了。我缺少了最大化按钮（虽然你可以简单地拖动窗口到屏幕顶部来将它最大化），而且也可以通过在标题栏右击选择最小化或者最大化来进行最小化/最大化操作。这种变化仅仅增加了操作步骤，因此缺少最小化按钮实在搞得人云里雾里。所幸的是，有个简单的修复工具可以解决这个问题，下面说说怎样做吧：
默认情况下，你应该安装了GNOME优化工具。通过该工具，你可以打开最大化或最小化按钮（图1）。
默认情况下，你应该安装了GNOME优化工具（GNOME Tweak Tool）。通过该工具，你可以打开最大化或最小化按钮（图1）。
![Figure 1: Adding the minimize button back to the GNOME 3 windows.](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/gnome3-max-min-window.png)
Figure 1: 添加回最小化按钮到GNOME 3窗口
<center>![图 1: Adding the minimize button back to the GNOME 3 windows.](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/gnome3-max-min-window.png)
*图 1: 添加回最小化按钮到GNOME 3窗口*</center>
添加完后，你就可以看到最小化按钮了，它在关闭按钮的左边，等着为你服务呢。你的窗口现在管理起来更方便了。
@ -27,36 +28,39 @@ Figure 1: 添加回最小化按钮到GNOME 3窗口
### 添加扩展 ###
GNOME 3的最佳特性之一，就是shell扩展，这些扩展为GNOME带来了全部种类的有用的特性。关于shell扩展，没必要从包管理器去安装。你可以访问[GNOME Shell扩展][2]站点，搜索你想要添加的扩展，点击扩展列表，点击打开按钮，然后扩展就安装完成了；或者你也可以从GNOME优化工具中添加它们（你在网站上会找到更多可用的扩展）。
GNOME 3的最佳特性之一，就是shell扩展，这些扩展为GNOME带来了各种类别的有用特性。关于shell扩展，没必要从包管理器去安装。你可以访问[GNOME Shell扩展][2]站点，搜索你想要添加的扩展，点击扩展列表，点击打开按钮，然后扩展就安装完成了；或者你也可以从GNOME优化工具中添加它们（你在网站上会找到更多可用的扩展）。
注：你可能需要在浏览器中允许扩展安装。如果出现这样的情况，你会在第一次访问GNOME Shell扩展站点时见到警告信息。当出现提示时，只要点击允许即可。
令人印象更为深刻的（而又得心应手的扩展）之一，就是[Dash to Dock][3]。
令人印象更为深刻的（而又得心应手的）扩展之一，就是[Dash to Dock][3]。
该扩展将Dash移出应用程序概览，并将它转变为相当标准的停靠栏（图2）。
![Figure 2: Dash to Dock adds a dock to GNOME 3.](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/gnome3-dash.png)
Figure 2: Dash to Dock添加一个停靠栏到GNOME 3.
<center>![图 2: Dash to Dock adds a dock to GNOME 3.](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/gnome3-dash.png)
*图 2: Dash to Dock添加一个停靠栏到GNOME 3*</center>
当你添加应用程序到Dash后，他们也将被添加到Dash to Dock。你也可以通过点击Dock底部的6点图标访问应用程序概览。
还有大量其它扩展聚焦于讲GNOME 3打造成一个更为高效的桌面，在这些更好的扩展中，包括以下这些：
还有大量其它扩展致力于将GNOME 3打造成一个更为高效的桌面，在这些不错的扩展中，包括以下这些：
- [最近项目][4]: 添加一个最近使用项目的下拉菜单到面板。
- [搜索Firefox书签提供者][5]: 从概览搜索（并启动）书签。
- [Firefox书签搜索][5]: 从概览搜索（并启动）书签。
- [跳转列表][6]: 添加一个跳转列表弹出菜单到Dash图标（该扩展可以让你快速打开和程序关联的新文档，甚至更多）
- [待办列表][7]: 添加一个下拉列表到面板，它允许你添加项目到该列表。
- [网页搜索对话框][8]: 允许你通过敲击Ctrl+空格来快速搜索网页并输入一个文本字符串（结果在新的浏览器标签页中显示）。
- [网页搜索框][8]: 允许你通过敲击Ctrl+空格来快速搜索网页并输入一个文本字符串（结果在新的浏览器标签页中显示）。
### 添加一个完整停靠栏 ###
如果Dash to dock对于而言功能还是太有限（你想要通知区域，甚至更多），那么向你推荐我最喜爱的停靠栏之一[Cairo Dock][9]（图3）。
如果Dash to dock对于你而言功能还是太有限（你想要“通知区域”，甚至更多），那么向你推荐我最喜爱的停靠栏之一[Cairo Dock][9]（图3）。
![Figure 3: Cairo Dock ready for action.](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/gnome3-Cairo-dock.png)
Figure 3: Cairo Dock待命
<center>![图 3: Cairo Dock ready for action.](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/gnome3-Cairo-dock.png)
在Cairo Dock添加到GNOME 3后，你的体验将成倍地增长。从你的发行版的包管理器中安装这个优秀的停靠栏吧。
*图 3: Cairo Dock待命*</center>
不必将GNOME 3看作是一个效率不高的，用户不友好的桌面。只要稍作调整，GNOME 3可以成为和其它可用的桌面一样强大而用户友好的桌面。
在将Cairo Dock添加到GNOME 3后，你的体验将成倍地增长。从你的发行版的包管理器中安装这个优秀的停靠栏吧。
不要将GNOME 3看作是一个效率不高的，用户不友好的桌面。只要稍作调整，GNOME 3可以成为和其它可用的桌面一样强大而用户友好的桌面。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ via: http://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/781916-easy-steps-to-make-gnome-3-more
作者：[Jack Wallen][a]
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
校对：[ wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

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什么时候Linux才能完美
什么时候Linux才能完美？
================================================================================
前几天我的同事兼损友，Ken Starks，在FOSS Force上发表了[一篇文章][1]，关于他最喜欢发牢骚的内容：Linux系统中那些不能正常工作的事情。这次他抱怨的是在Mint里使用KDE时碰到的字体问题。这对于Ken来说也不是什么新鲜事了。过去他写了一些文章，关于各种Linux发行版中的缺陷从来都没有被认真修复过。他的观点是，这些在一次又一次的发布中从没有被修复过的“小问题”，对于Linux桌面系统在赢得大众方面的失败需要负主要责任。
@ -14,21 +14,21 @@
### 也不全是这样子的 ###
早在2002年的时候，我第一次安装使用GNU/Linux，像大多数美国人那样，我搞不定拨号连接，在我呆的这个小地方当时宽带还没普及。我在当地Best Buy商店里花了差不多70美元买了用热缩膜包装的Mandrake 9.0的Powerpack版，当时那里同时在卖Mandrake和Red Hat，现在仍然还在经营桌面业务。
早在2002年的时候，我第一次安装使用GNU/Linux，像大多数美国人那样，我搞不定拨号连接，在我呆的这个小地方当时宽带还没普及。我在当地Best Buy商店里花了差不多70美元买了用热缩膜包装的Mandrake 9.0的Powerpack版，当时那里同时在卖Mandrake和Red Hat，现在仍然还在经营桌面PC业务。
在那个恐龙时代，Mandrake被认为是易用的Linux发行版中做的最好的。它安装简单，还有人说比Windows还简单，它自带的分区工具更是让划分磁盘像切苹果馅饼一样简单。不过实际上，Linux老手们经常公开嘲笑Mandrake，暗示易用的Linux不是真的Linux。
但是我很喜欢它，感觉来到了一个全新的世界。再也不用担心Windows的蓝屏死机和几乎每天一死了。不幸的是，之前在Windows下“能用”的很多外围设备也随之而去。
安装完Mandrake之后我要做的第一件事就是，把我的小白盒拿给[Dragonware Computers][2]的Michelle，把便宜的winmodem换成硬件调制解调器。就算，一个硬件猫意味着计算机响应更快，但是计算机商店却在40英里外的地方，并不是很方便，而且费用我也有点压力。
安装完Mandrake之后我要做的第一件事就是，把我的小白盒拿给[Dragonware Computers][2]的Michelle，把便宜的winmodem换成硬件调制解调器。就算是一个硬件猫意味着计算机响应更快，但是计算机商店却在40英里外的地方，并不是很方便，而且费用对我也有点压力。
但是我不介意。我对Microsoft并不感冒－－而且使用一个“不同”的操作系统让我感觉自己就像一个计算机天才。
打印机也是个麻烦，但是这个问题对于Mandrake还好，不像其他大多数发行版还需要命令行里的操作才能解决。Mandrake提供了一个华丽的图形界面来设置打印机－如果你正好幸运的有一台能在Linux下工作的打印机的话。很多，不是大多数，都不行。
打印机也是个麻烦，但是这个问题对于Mandrake还好，不像其他大多数发行版还需要命令行里的操作才能解决。Mandrake提供了一个华丽的图形界面来设置打印机－如果你正好幸运的有一台能在Linux下工作的打印机的话。很多打印机——就算不是大多数——都不行。
我的还在保修期的Lexmark，在Windows下比其他打印机多出很多华而不实的小功能，厂商并不支持Linux版本，但是我找到一个多少能用的开源逆向工程驱动。它能在Mozilla浏览器里正常打印网页，但是在Star Office软件里打印的话会是用很小的字体塞到页面的右上角里。打印机还会发出很大的机械响声，让我想起了汽车变速箱在报废时发出的噪音。
Star Office问题的变通方案是把所有文字都保存到文本文件，然后在文本编辑器里打印。而对于那个听上去像是打印机处于自解体模式的噪音？我的方法是尽量不要打印。
Star Office问题的变通方案是把所有文字都保存到文本文件，然后在文本编辑器里打印。而对于那个听上去像是打印机处于天魔解体模式的噪音？我的方法是尽量不要打印。
### 更多的其他问题－对我来说太多了都快忘了 ###
@ -36,12 +36,13 @@ Star Office问题的变通方案是把所有文字都保存到文本文件，然
好吧，我还有个并口扫描仪，在我转移到Linux之前两个星期买的，之后它就基本是块砖了，因为没有Linux下的驱动。
我的观点是在那个年代里这些都不重要。我们大多数人都习惯了修改配置文件之类的事情，即便是运行微软产品的“IBM兼容”计算机。就像那个年代的大多数用户，我刚学开始接触使用命令行的DOS机器，在它上面打印机需要针对每个程序单独设置，而且写写简单的autoexec.bat是必须的技能。
我的观点是在那个年代里这些都不重要。我们大多数人都习惯了修改配置文件之类的事情，即便是运行微软产品的“IBM兼容”计算机。就像那个年代的大多数用户，我刚学开始接触使用命令行的DOS机器，在它上面打印机需要针对每个程序单独设置，而且写写简单的autoexec.bat是必备的技能。
![Linux as a 1966 “goat.”](http://fossforce.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Pontiac_GTO_1966-300x224.jpg)
Linux就像1966年的“山羊”
<center>![Linux as a 1966 “goat.”](http://fossforce.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Pontiac_GTO_1966-300x224.jpg)</center>
能够摆弄操作系统内部的配置是能够拥有一台计算机的一个简单部分。我们大多数使用计算机的人要么是极客或是希望成为极客。我们为这种能够调整计算机按我们想要的方式运行的能力而感到骄傲。我们就是那个年代里高科技版本的好男孩，他们会在周六下午在树荫下改装他们肌肉车上的排气管，通风管，化油器之类的。
<center>Linux就像1966年的“山羊”</center>
那时，能够摆弄操作系统内部的配置是能够拥有一台计算机的一个简单部分。我们大多数使用计算机的人要么是极客或是希望成为极客。我们为这种能够调整计算机按我们想要的方式运行的能力而感到骄傲。我们就是那个年代里高科技版本的好男孩，他们会在周六下午在树荫下改装他们肌肉车上的排气管，通风管，化油器之类的。
### 不过现在大家不是这样使用计算机的 ###
@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ via: http://fossforce.com/2014/08/when-linux-was-perfect-enough/
作者：Christine Hall
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

38
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使用Clonezilla对硬盘进行镜像和克隆
================================================================================
![Figure 1: Creating a partition on the USB stick for Clonezilla.](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/fig-1-gparted.jpeg)
图1： 在USB存储棒上为Clonezilla创建分区
Clonezilla是一个用于Linux，Free-Net-OpenBSD，Mac OS X，Windows以及Minix的分区和磁盘克隆程序。它支持所有主要的文件系统，包括EXT，NTFS，FAT，XFS，JFS和Btrfs，LVM2，以及VMWare的企业集群文件系统VMFS3和VMFS5。Clonezilla支持32位和64位系统，同时支持旧版BIOS和UEFI BIOS，并且同时支持MBR和GPT分区表。它是一个用于完整备份Windows系统和所有安装于上的应用软件的好工具，而我喜欢用它来为Linux测试系统做备份，以便我可以在其上做疯狂的实验搞坏后，可以快速恢复它们。
Clonezilla是一个用于Linux，Free-Net-，OpenBSD，Mac OS X，Windows以及Minix的分区和磁盘克隆程序。它支持所有主要的文件系统，包括EXT，NTFS，FAT，XFS，JFS和Btrfs，LVM2，以及VMWare的企业集群文件系统VMFS3和VMFS5。Clonezilla支持32位和64位系统，同时支持旧版BIOS和UEFI BIOS，并且同时支持MBR和GPT分区表。它是一个用于完整备份Windows系统和所有安装于上的应用软件的好工具，而我喜欢用它来为Linux测试系统做备份，以便我可以在其上做疯狂的实验搞坏后，可以快速恢复它们。
Clonezilla也可以使用dd命令来备份不支持的文件系统，该命令可以复制块而非文件，因而不必在意文件系统。简单点说，就是Clonezilla可以复制任何东西。（关于块的快速说明：磁盘扇区是磁盘上最小的可编址存储单元，而块是由单个或者多个扇区组成的逻辑数据结构。）
Clonezilla也可以使用dd命令来备份不支持的文件系统，该命令可以复制块而非文件，因而不必弄明白文件系统。因此，简单点说，就是Clonezilla可以复制任何东西。（关于块的快速说明：磁盘扇区是磁盘上最小的可编址存储单元，而块是由单个或者多个扇区组成的逻辑数据结构。）
Clonezilla分为两个版本：Clonezilla Live和Clonezilla Server Edition（SE）。Clonezilla Live对于将单个计算机克隆岛本地存储设备或者网络共享来说是一流的。而Clonezilla SE则适合更大的部署，用于一次性快速多点克隆整个网络中的PC。Clonezilla SE是一个神奇的软件，我们将在今后讨论。今天，我们将创建一个Clonezilla Live USB存储棒，克隆某个系统，然后恢复它。
Clonezilla分为两个版本：Clonezilla Live和Clonezilla Server Edition（SE）。Clonezilla Live对于将单个计算机克隆到本地存储设备或者网络共享来说是一流的。而Clonezilla SE则适合更大的部署，用于一次性快速多点克隆整个网络中的PC。Clonezilla SE是一个神奇的软件，我们将在今后讨论。今天，我们将创建一个Clonezilla Live USB存储棒，克隆某个系统，然后恢复它。
### Clonezilla和Tuxboot ###
当你访问下载页时，你会看到[稳定版和可选稳定发行版][1]。也有测试版本，如果你有兴趣帮助改善Clonezilla，那么我推荐你使用此版本。稳定版基于Debian，不含有非自由软件。可选稳定版基于Ubuntu，包含有一些非自由固件，并支持UEFI安全启动。
在你[下载Clonezilla][2]后，请安装[Tuxboot][3]来复制Clonezilla到USB存储棒。Tuxboot是一个Unetbootin的修改版，它支持Clonezilla；你不能使用Unetbootin，因为它无法工作。安装Tuxboot有点让人头痛，然而Ubuntu用户通过个人包归档压缩包（PPA）方便地安装：
在你[下载Clonezilla][2]后，请安装[Tuxboot][3]来复制Clonezilla到USB存储棒。Tuxboot是一个Unetbootin的修改版，它支持Clonezilla；你不能使用Unetbootin，因为它无法配合工作。安装Tuxboot有点让人头痛，然而Ubuntu用户通过个人包归档包（PPA）方便地安装：
$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:thomas.tsai/ubuntu-tuxboot
$ sudo apt-get update
@ -22,18 +19,24 @@ Clonezilla分为两个版本：Clonezilla Live和Clonezilla Server Edition（SE
如果你没有运行Ubuntu，并且你的发行版不包含打包好的Tuxboot版本，那么请[下载源代码tarball][4]，并遵循README.txt文件中的说明来编译并安装。
安装完Tuxboot后，就可以使用它来创建你精巧的可直接启动的Clonezilla USB存储棒了。首先，创建一个最小200MB的FAT 32分区；图1（上面）展示了使用GParted来进行分区。我喜欢使用标签，比如“Clonezilla”，这会让我知道它是个什么东西。该例子中展示了将一个2GB的存储棒格式化成一个单个分区。
Then fire up Tuxboot (figure 2). Check "Pre-downloaded" and click the button with the ellipsis to select your Clonezilla file. It should find your USB stick automatically, and you should check the partition number to make sure it found the right one. In my example that is /dev/sdd1. Click OK, and when it's finished click Exit. It asks you if you want to reboot now, but don't worry because it won't. Now you have a nice portable Clonezilla USB stick you can use almost anywhere.
然后，启动Tuxboot（图2）。选中“预下载的（Pre-downloaded）”然后点击带省略号的按钮来选择Clonezilla文件。它会自动发现你的USB存储棒，而你需要选中分区号来确保它找到的是正确的那个，我的例子中是/dev/sdd1。点击确定，然后当它完成后点击退出。它会问你是否要重启动，请不要担心，因为它不会的。现在你有一个精巧的便携式Clonezilla USB存储棒了，你可以随时随地使用它了。
<center>![Figure 1: Creating a partition on the USB stick for Clonezilla.](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/fig-1-gparted.jpeg)</center>
![Figure 2: Fire up Tuxboot.](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/fig-2-tuxboot.jpeg)
图2： 启动Tuxboot
<center>*图1： 在USB存储棒上为Clonezilla创建分区*</center>
安装完Tuxboot后，就可以使用它来创建你精巧的可直接启动的Clonezilla USB存储棒了。首先，创建一个最小200MB的FAT 32分区；图1（上图）展示了使用GParted来进行分区。我喜欢使用类似“Clonezilla”这样的标签，这会让我知道它是个什么东西。该例子中展示了将一个2GB的存储棒格式化成一个单个分区。
然后，启动Tuxboot（图2）。选中“预下载的（Pre-downloaded）”然后点击带省略号的按钮来选择Clonezilla文件。它会自动发现你的USB存储棒，而你需要选中分区号来确保它找到的是正确的那个，我的例子中是/dev/sdd1。点击确定，然后当它完成后点击退出。它会问你是否要重启动，不要担心，现在不用重启。现在你有一个精巧的便携式Clonezilla USB存储棒了，你可以随时随地使用它了。
<center>![Figure 2: Fire up Tuxboot.](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/fig-2-tuxboot.jpeg)</center>
<center>*图2： 启动Tuxboot*</center>
### 创建磁盘镜像 ###
在你想要备份的计算机上启动Clonezilla USB存储棒，第一个映入你眼帘的是常规的启动菜单。启动到默认条目。你会被问及使用何种语言和键盘，而当你到达启动Clonezilla菜单时，请选择启动Clonezilla。在下一级菜单中选择设备镜像，然后进入下一屏。
这一屏有点让人摸不着头脑，里头有什么local_dev，ssh_server，samba_server，以及nfs_server之类的选项。这里就是要你选择将备份的镜像拷贝到哪里，目标分区或者驱动器必须和你要拷贝的卷要一样大，甚至更大。如果你选择local_dev，那么你需要一个足够大的本地分区来存储你的镜像。附加USB硬盘驱动器是一个不错的，快速而又简单的选项。如果你选择任何服务器选项，你需要有线连接到服务器，并提供IP地址并登录上去。我将使用一个本地分区，这就是说要选择local_dev。
这一屏有点让人摸不着头脑，里头有什么local_dev，ssh_server，samba_server，以及nfs_server之类的选项。这里就是要你选择将备份的镜像拷贝到哪里，目标分区或者驱动器必须和你要拷贝的卷要一样大，甚至更大。如果你选择local_dev，那么你需要一个足够大的本地分区来存储你的镜像。附加的USB硬盘驱动器是一个不错的，快速而又简单的选项。如果你选择任何服务器选项，你需要能连接到服务器，并提供IP地址并登录上去。我将使用一个本地分区，这就是说要选择local_dev。
当你选择local_dev时，Clonezilla会扫描所有连接到本地的存储折本，包括硬盘和USB存储设备。然后，它会列出所有分区。选择你想要存储镜像的分区，然后它会问你使用哪个目录并列出目录。选择你所需要的目录，然后进入下一屏，它会显示所有的挂载以及已使用/可用的空间。按回车进入下一屏，请选择初学者还是专家模式。我选择初学者模式。
@ -41,12 +44,13 @@ Then fire up Tuxboot (figure 2). Check "Pre-downloaded" and click the button wit
下一屏中，它会问你新建镜像的名称。在接受默认名称，或者输入你自己的名称后，进入下一屏。Clonezilla会扫描你所有的分区并创建一个检查列表，你可以从中选择你想要拷贝的。选择完后，在下一屏中会让你选择是否进行文件系统检查并修复。我才没这耐心，所以直接跳过了。
下一屏中，会问你是否想要Clonezilla检查你新创建的镜像，以确保它是可恢复的。选是吧，确保万无一失。接下来，它会给你一个命令行提示，如果你想用命令行而非GUI，那么你必须再次按回车。你需要再次确认，并输入y来确认制作拷贝。
下一屏中，会问你是否想要Clonezilla检查你新创建的镜像，以确保它是可恢复的。选“是”吧，确保万无一失。接下来，它会给你一个命令行提示，如果你想用命令行而非GUI，那么你必须再次按回车。你需要再次确认，并输入y来确认制作拷贝。
在Clonezilla创建新镜像的时候，你可以好好欣赏一下这个友好的红、白、蓝三色的进度屏（图3）。
![Figure 3: Watch the creation of your new image.](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/fig-3-export.jpeg)
图3： 守候创建新镜像
<center>![Figure 3: Watch the creation of your new image.](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/fig-3-export.jpeg)</center>
<center>*图3： 守候创建新镜像*</center>
全部完成后，按回车然后选择重启，记得拔下你的Clonezilla USB存储棒。正常启动计算机，然后去看看你新创建的Clonezilla镜像吧。你应该看到像下面这样的东西：
@ -81,7 +85,7 @@ via: http://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/783416-how-to-image-and-clone-hard-dri
作者：[Carla Schroder][a]
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

36
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Canonical Closes nginx Exploit in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
================================================================================
> Users have to upgrade their systems to fix the issue
![Ubuntu 14.04 LTS](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Canonical-Closes-Nginx-Exploit-in-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-459677-2.jpg)
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
**Canonical has published details in a security notice about an nginx vulnerability that affected Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr). The problem has been identified and fixed.**
The Ubuntu developers have fixed a small nginx exploit. They explain that nginx could have been made to expose sensitive information over the network.
According to the security notice, “Antoine Delignat-Lavaud and Karthikeyan Bhargavan discovered that nginx incorrectly reused cached SSL sessions. An attacker could possibly use this issue in certain configurations to obtain access to information from a different virtual host.”
For a more detailed description of the problems, you can see Canonical's security [notification][1]. Users should upgrade their Linux distribution in order to correct this issue.
The problem can be repaired by upgrading the system to the latest nginx package (and dependencies). To apply the patch, you can simply run the Update Manager application.
If you don't want to use the Software Updater, you can open a terminal and enter the following commands (you will need to be root):
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
In general, a standard system update will make all the necessary changes. You don't have to restart the PC in order to implement this fix.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Canonical-Closes-Nginx-Exploit-in-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-459677.shtml
作者：[Silviu Stahie][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://news.softpedia.com/editors/browse/silviu-stahie
[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-2351-1/

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Debian 8 "Jessie" to Have GNOME as the Default Desktop
================================================================================
> The Debian GNOME team has made a real effort
![The GNOME 3.14 desktop](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Debian-8-quot-Jessie-quot-to-Have-GNOME-as-the-Default-Desktop-459665-2.jpg)
The GNOME 3.14 desktop
**Developers from the Debian project have been trying to decide for quite a while whether to implement Xfce, GNOME, or a few other DEs by default, and it looks like GNOME has won, at least for the time being.**
[We wrote a couple of days ago][1] that the GNOME 3.14 packages were being uploaded to the repositories for Debian Testing or Debian 8 "Jessie," which was a nice surprise. Usually, GNOME maintainers are not all that quick to add the latest packages for any kind of software, let alone a desktop environment.
As it turns out, the debate about the default desktop that will be implemented in the upcoming Debian 8 release has been raging on, although that word might be a little bit too strong. In any case, some of the developers wanted Xfce, others wanted GNOME, and it looks like MATE was also in the cards.
### GNOME will be default in Debian 8 "Jessie," most likely ###
We say most likely because an agreement hasn't been quite reached yet, but it looks like GNOME is way ahead of everyone else. Debian maintainer and developer Joey Hess explains why this is happening.
"Based on preliminary results from https://wiki.debian.org/DebianDesktop/Requalification/Jessie Some desired data is not yet available, but at this point I'm around 80% sure that gnome is coming out ahead in the process. This is particularly based on accessibility and to some extent systemd integration. Accessibility: Gnome and Mate are ahead by a large margin. Some of the other desktops have had their accessability integration in Debian improved, partly driven by this process, but still need significant upstream work."
"Systemd/etc integration: Xfce, Mate, etc are stuck paying catch-up to ongoing changes in this area. There will be time to hopefully iron these issues out during the freeze once the tech stack stops changing out from under them, so this is not a complete blocker for those desktops, but going by the current status, Gnome is ahead," [adds][2] Joey Hess.
The developer says in the email that the Debian GNOME team has made [a really passionate case][3] for their maintained project and that the Debian Xfce team was actually ambivalent about having the desktop as default.
In any case, Debian 8 "Jessie" doesn't have a launch date set yet and there is no indication when it might get released. On the other hand, GNOME 3.14 is out today (maybe it will have already launched by the time you read the news) and it will soon be ready for testing in Debian.
We should also thank Jordi Mallach, one of the maintainers of the GNOME packages in Debian, for reaching out and pointing us in the right direction.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Debian-8-quot-Jessie-quot-to-Have-GNOME-as-the-Default-Desktop-459665.shtml
作者：[Silviu Stahie][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://news.softpedia.com/editors/browse/silviu-stahie
[1]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Debian-8-quot-Jessie-quot-to-Get-GNOME-3-14-459470.shtml
[2]:http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/tasksel/tasksel.git/commit/?id=dce99f5f8d84e4c885e6beb4cc1bb5bb1d9ee6d7
[3]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Debian-Maintainer-Says-that-Xfce-on-Debian-Will-Not-Meet-Quality-Standards-GNOME-Is-Needed-454962.shtml

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End of the Line for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
================================================================================
In March of 2007, Red Hat first announced its [Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5][1]( RHEL) platform. Though it might seem quant today, RHEL 5 was particularly notable in that it was the first major release for Red Hat to emphasize virtualization, which is a feature all modern distros now take for granted.
Originally the plan was for RHEL 5 to have seven years of life, but that plan changed in 2012 when when Red Hat [extended][2] its standard support for RHEL 5 to 10 years.
This past week, Red Hat released RHEL 5.11 which is the final minor milestone release for RHEL 5.X. RHEL now enters what Red Hat calls it production 3 support which will last for another three years. During the production three phase no new functionality is added to the platform and Red Hat will only provide critical impact security fixes and urgent priority bug fixes.
"Red Hat’s commitment to a long, stable product lifecycle is a key benefit for enterprise customers who rely on Red Hat Enterprise Linux for their critical applications," Jim Totton, vice president and general manager, Platform Business Unit, Red Hat said in a statement. " While Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.11 is the final minor release of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 platform, the enhancements it offers in terms of security and reliability are designed to maintain the platform’s viability for years to come."
The new enhancements include security and stability updates including improvements to the way that Red Hat can help users to debug a system.
There are also new storage drivers to support newer storage adapters and improved support for RHEL running on VMware ESXi.
On the security front the big improvement is an update to OpenSCAP version 1.0.8. Red Hat first provided support for OpenSCAP in May of 2011 with the [RHEL 5.7 milestone update][3]. OpenSCAP is an open source implementation of the Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) framework for creating a standardized approach for maintaining secure systems.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.linuxplanet.com/news/end-of-the-line-for-red-hat-enterprise-linux-5.html
作者：Sean Michael Kerner
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://www.internetnews.com/ent-news/article.php/3665641
[2]:http://www.serverwatch.com/server-news/red-hat-extends-linux-support.html
[3]:http://www.internetnews.com/skerner/2011/05/red-hat-enterprise-linux-57-ad.html

38
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Second Bugfix Release for KDE Plasma 5 Arrives with Lots of Changes
================================================================================
> The new Plasma 5 desktop is out with a new version
![KDE Plasma 5](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Second-Bugfix-Release-for-KDE-Plasma-5-Arrives-with-Lots-of-Changes-459688-2.jpg)
KDE Plasma 5
### The KDE Community has announced that the second bugfix release for Plasma 5 is now out and available for download. ###
Bugfix releases for the KDE Plasma 5, the new desktop experience that will be an integral part of the KDE ecosystem, have started to arrive very often.
"This release, versioned plasma-5.0.2, adds a month's worth of new translations and fixes from KDE's contributors. The bugfixes are typically small but important such as fixing text which couldn't be translated, using the correct icons and fixing overlapping files with KDELibs 4 software. It also adds a month's hard work of translations to make support in other languages even more complete," reads the [announcement][1].
This particular desktop is not yet implemented by default in any Linux distro and it will be a while until we are able to test it properly.
The developers also explain that the updated packages can be reviewed in the development versions of Kubuntu Plasma 5.
You can also download the source packages, if you need them individually.
- [KDE Plasma Packages][2]
- [KDE Plasma Sources][3]
You also have to keep in mind that KDE Plasma 5.0.2 is a sophisticated piece of software and you really need to know what you are doing if you decide to compile it.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Second-Bugfix-Release-for-KDE-Plasma-5-Arrives-with-Lots-of-Changes-459688.shtml
作者：[Silviu Stahie][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://news.softpedia.com/editors/browse/silviu-stahie
[1]:http://kde.org/announcements/plasma-5.0.2.php
[2]:https://community.kde.org/Plasma/Packages
[3]:http://kde.org/info/plasma-5.0.2.php

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sources/talk/20140915 Make Downloading Files Effortless.md
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zpl1025
Make Downloading Files Effortless
================================================================================
A download manager is computer software that is dedicated to the task of downloading files, optimizing bandwidth usage, and operating in a more organized way. Some web browsers, such as Firefox, include a download manager as a feature, but their implementation lacks the sophistication of a dedicated download manager (or add-ons for the web browser), without using bandwidth optimally, and without good file management features.
Users that regularly download files benefit from using a good download manager. The ability to maximize download speeds (with download acceleration), resume and schedule downloads, make safer and more rewarding downloading. Download managers have lost some of their popularity, but the best of them offer real benefits including tight integration with browsers, support for popular sites such as YouTube and much more.
There are some sublime open source download managers for Linux, which makes selection somewhat problematic. I have compiled a roundup of my favorite download managers, and add-ons that turn a download manager into an excellent download manager for Firefox. Each application featured here is released under an open source license.
----------
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/uGet.png)
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Utilities/Screenshot-uGet.png)
uGet is a lightweight, easy-to-use and full-featured open source download manager. uGet allows the user to download in multiple parallel streams for download acceleration, put files in a download queue, pause & resume downloads, offers advanced category management, with browser integration, clipboard monitoring, batch downloads, localized into 26 languages, and many more features.
uGet is mature software; it has been in developed for more than 11 years. In that time, it has progressed into a highly versatile download manager, with an estimable set of features, yet maintaining ease of use.
uGet is written in the C language, uses cURL as a backend, and the applicable library, libcurl. uGet has excellent platform compatibility. uGet is primarily a project for Linux, but it also runs on Mac OS X, FreeBSD, Android, and Windows.
#### Features include: ####
- Easy to use
- Downloads queue place your downloads into a queue to download as many, or as few, downloads as you want simultaneously
- Resume downloads
- Categorized defaults
- Clipboard monitor which is well implemented
- Batch downloads
- Import downloads import from HTML files
- Support for downloading files through HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, BitTorrent & Metalink
- Multi-connection (also known as Multi-Segment): up to 20 simultaneous connections per download with adaptive segment management which means that when one segment drops out then the other connections pick up the slack to ensure optimal download speeds at all times
- Multi-mirror
- FTP login & anonymous FTP
- Powerful scheduler
- FireFox integration via FlashGot
- Aria2 plugin
- Theme chameleoning
- Quiet mode
- Keyboard shortcuts
- CLI / Terminal usage support
- Folder auto-creation
- Download history management
- GnuTLS support
- Supports 26 languages including: Arabic, Belarusian, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Czech, Danish, English (default), French, Georgian, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil), Russian, Spanish, Turkish, Ukrainian, and Vietnamese
- Website: [ugetdm.com][1]
- Developer: C.H. Huang and contributors
- License: GNU LGPL 2.1
- Version Number: 1.10.5
----------
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/DownThemAll%21.png)
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Utilities/Screenshot-DownThemAll%21.png)
DownThemAll! is a fast, reliable and easy-to-use, open source download manager/accelerator built inside Firefox. This add-on lets the user download all the links or images contained in a webpage and much more. The add-on gives the user full control over downloads, dedicated speed and number of parallel connections at any time. Use Metalinks or add mirrors manually to download a file from different servers at the same time.
DownThemAll reads the size of the files you want to download and splits them into multiple sections, which are downloaded in parallel.
#### Features include: ####
- Complete integration with Firefox
- Multi-part download which allows the user to download the file in pieces, then combining the pieces after a completed download; thus increasing the download speed when connected to a slow server
- Metalink support which allows multiple URLs for each file to be passed to DTA, along with checksums and other informatio
- Spider a page with a single link
- Filtering
- Advanced auto-renaming options
- Pause and restart downloads
- Website: [addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/downthemall][2]
- Developer: Federico Parodi, Stefano Verna, Nils Maier
- License: GNU GPL v2
- Version Number: 2.0.17
----------
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/JDownloader.png)
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Utilities/Screenshot-JDownloader.png)
JDownloader is a free, open-source download management tool with a large community of developers that makes downloading easy and fast. Users can start, stop or pause downloads, set bandwith limitations, auto-extract archives and much more. It offers an easy-to-extend framework.
JDownloader simplifies downloading files from One-Click-Hosters. It also offers downloading in multiple parallel streams, captcha recognition, automatic file extraction and much more. Additionally, many "link encryption" sites are supported - so you just paste the "encrypted" links and JDownloader does the rest. JDownloader can import CCF, RSDF and DLC files.
#### Features include: ####
- Download several files at once
- Download with multiple connections
- JD has an own powerful OCR module
- Automatic extractor (including password list search) (Rar archives)
- Theme Support
- Multilingual
- About 110 hoster and over 300 decrypt plug-ins
- Reconnect with JDLiveHeaderScripts: (1400 router supported)
- Webupdate
- Integrated package manager for additional modules (eg. Webinterface, Shutdown)
- Website: [jdownloader.org][3]
- Developer: AppWork UG
- License: GNU GPL v3
- Version Number: 0.9.581
----------
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/FreeRapidDownloader.png)
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Utilities/Screenshot-FreeRapidDownloader.png)
FreeRapid Downloader is an easy to use open source downloader that supports downloading from Rapidshare, Youtube, Facebook, Picasa and other file-sharing services. Its engine is based on a list of plugins that make it possible to download from specific websites.
FreeRapid Downloader is an ideal choice for users needing a download manager specialized in sharing websites.
FreeRapid Downloader is written in Java. It needs at least Sun Java 7.0 to run.
#### Features include: ####
- Easy to use
- Supports concurrent downloading from multiple services
- Supports resuming downloads
- Download using proxy list
- Supports streamed videos or pictures
- Download history
- Smart clipboard monitoring
- Automatic checking for file's existence on server
- Auto shutdown options
- Automatic plugins updates
- Simple CAPTCHA recognition
- Multi-platform support
- Internationalization support: English, Bulgarian, Czech, Finnish, Portugal, Slovak, Hungarian, Simplified Chinese and many others
- More than 700 supported sites
- Website: [wordrider.net/freerapid/][4]
- Developer: Vity and contributors
- License: GNU GPL v2
- Version Number: 0.9u4
----------
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/FlashGot.png)
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Utilities/Screenshot-FlashGot.png)
FlashGot is a free add-on for Firefox and Thunderbird, meant to handle single and massive ("all" and "selection") downloads with several external Download Managers.
FlashGot turns every supported download manager into a download manager for Firefox.
#### Features include: ####
- Supports in Linux: Aria, Axel Download Accelerator, cURL, Downloader 4 X, FatRat, GNOME Gwget, FatRat, JDownloader, KDE KGet, pyLoad, SteadyFlow, uGet, wxDFast, and wxDownload Fast)
- Build Gallery functionality which helps to synthesize full media galleries in one page, from serial contents originally scattered on several pages, for easy and fast "download all"
- FlashGot Link downloads through the default download manager the link under the mouse pointer
- FlashGot Selection
- FlashGot All
- FlashGot Tabs
- FlashGot Media
- Capture all links from a page
- Capture all links from all tabs
- Filter the links using a mask (e.g. to download only certain types of files)
- Make a selection on a web page and capture all links in that selection
- Supports direct and batch download from the most popular link protection and file hosting services
- Privacy options
- Internationalization support
- Website: [flashgot.net][5]
- Developer: Giorgio Maone
- License: GNU GPL v2
- Version Number: 1.5.6.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140913062041384/DownloadManagers.html
作者：Frazer Kline
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://ugetdm.com/
[2]:https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/downthemall/
[3]:http://jdownloader.org/
[4]:http://wordrider.net/freerapid/
[5]:http://flashgot.net/

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7 killer open source monitoring tools
================================================================================
Looking for greater visibility into your network? Look no further than these excellent free tools
Network and system monitoring is a broad category. There are solutions that monitor for the proper operation of servers, network gear, and applications, and there are solutions that track the performance of those systems and devices, providing trending and analysis. Some tools will sound alarms and notifications when problems are detected, while others will even trigger actions to run when alarms sound. Here is a collection of open source solutions that aim to provide some or all of these capabilities.
### Cacti ###
![](http://images.techhive.com/images/idge/imported/imageapi/2014/09/22/12/slide_02-netmon-cacti-100448914-orig.jpg)
Cacti is a very extensive performance graphing and trending tool that can be used to track just about any monitored metric that can be plotted on a graph. From disk utilization to fan speeds in a power supply, if it can be monitored, Cacti can track it -- and make that data quickly available.
### Nagios ###
![](http://images.techhive.com/images/idge/imported/imageapi/2014/09/22/12/slide_03-netmon-nagios-100448915-orig.jpg)
Nagios is the old guard of system and network monitoring. It is fast, reliable, and extremely customizable. Nagios can be a challenge for newcomers, but the rather complex configuration is also its strength, as it can be adapted to just about any monitoring task. What it may lack in looks it makes up for in power and reliability.
### Icinga ###
![](http://images.techhive.com/images/idge/imported/imageapi/2014/09/22/12/slide_04-netmon-icinga-100448916-orig.jpg)
Icinga is an offshoot of Nagios that is currently being rebuilt anew. It offers a thorough monitoring and alerting framework that\u2019s designed to be as open and extensible as Nagios is, but with several different Web UI options. Icinga 1 is closely related to Nagios, while Icinga 2 is the rewrite. Both versions are currently supported, and Nagios users can migrate to Icinga 1 very easily.
### NeDi ###
![](http://images.techhive.com/images/idge/imported/imageapi/2014/09/22/12/slide_05-netmon-nedi-100448917-orig.jpg)
NeDi may not be as well known as some of the others, but it\u2019s a great solution for tracking devices across a network. It continuously walks through a network infrastructure and catalogs devices, keeping track of everything it discovers. It can provide the current location of any device, as well as a history.
NeDi can be used to locate stolen or lost devices by alerting you if they reappear on the network. It can even display all known and discovered connections on a map, showing how every network interconnect is laid out, down to the physical port level.
### Observium ###
![](http://images.techhive.com/images/idge/imported/imageapi/2014/09/22/12/slide_06-netmon-observium-100448918-orig.jpg)
Observium combines system and network monitoring with performance trending. It uses both static and auto discovery to identify servers and network devices, leverages a variety of monitoring methods, and can be configured to track just about any available metric. The Web UI is very clean, well thought out, and easy to navigate.
As shown, Observium can also display the physical location of monitored devices on a geographical map. Note too the heads-up panels showing active alarms and device counts.
### Zabbix ###
![](http://images.techhive.com/images/idge/imported/imageapi/2014/09/22/12/slide_07-netmon-zabbix-100448919-orig.jpg)
Zabbix monitors servers and networks with an extensive array of tools. There are Zabbix agents for most operating systems, or you can use passive or external checks, including SNMP to monitor hosts and network devices. You'll also find extensive alerting and notification facilities, and a highly customizable Web UI that can be adapted to a variety of heads-up displays. In addition, Zabbix has specific tools that monitor Web application stacks and virtualization hypervisors.
Zabbix can also produce logical interconnection diagrams detailing how certain monitored objects are interconnected. These maps are customizable, and maps can be created for groups of monitored devices and hosts.
### Ntop ###
![](http://images.techhive.com/images/idge/imported/imageapi/2014/09/22/12/slide_08-netmon-ntop-100448920-orig.jpg)
Ntop is a packet sniffing tool with a slick Web UI that displays live data on network traffic passing by a monitoring interface. Instant data on network flows is available through an advanced live graphing function. Host data flows and host communication pair information is also available in real-time.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.networkworld.com/article/2686794/asset-management/164219-7-killer-open-source-monitoring-tools.html
作者：[Paul Venezia][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.networkworld.com/author/Paul-Venezia/

3
sources/tech/20140819 Build a Raspberry Pi Arcade Machine.md
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zpl1025
Build a Raspberry Pi Arcade Machine
================================================================================
**Relive the golden majesty of the 80s with a little help from a marvel of the current decade.**
@ -132,4 +133,4 @@ via: http://www.linuxvoice.com/arcade-machine/
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/author/ben_everard/
[1]:http://www.ultimarc.com/jpac.html
[1]:http://www.ultimarc.com/jpac.html

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sources/tech/20140904 Use LaTeX In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint 17 With Texmaker.md
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johnhoow translating...
Use LaTeX In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint 17 With Texmaker
================================================================================
![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/texmaker_Ubuntu.jpeg)
[LaTeX][1] is a document markup language and document preparation system. It is widely used as a standard in universities and academics to write professional scientific papers, thesis and other such documents. In this quick post, we shall see **how to use LaTeX in Ubuntu 14.04**.
### Install Texmaker to use LaTeX in Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17 ###
[Texmaker][2] is a free and open source LaTeX editor which is available for all major desktop OS i.e. Windows, Linux and OS X. Followings are the salient features of the Texmaker:
- Unicode editor
- Spell checker
- Code folding
- Code completion
- Fast navigation
- Integrated Pdf viewer
- Easy compilation
- 370 Mathematical symbols
- LaTeX documentation
- Export to html and odt via TeX4ht
- Regex support
You can install Texmaker in Ubuntu 14.04 by downloading the binaries from the given link:
- [Download Texmaker LaTeX editor][3]
Since it is .deb packaging, same installation files can be used n any other Debian based distribution such as Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Pinguy OS etc.
If you want a Github type markdown editor, you should check [Remarkable editor][4]. I hope Texmaker helps you with **LaTeX in Ubuntu** and Linux Mint.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://itsfoss.com/install-latex-ubuntu-1404/
作者：[Abhishek][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
[1]:http://www.latex-project.org/
[2]:http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/index.html
[3]:http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/download.html#linux
[4]:http://itsfoss.com/remarkable-markdown-editor-linux/

3
sources/tech/20140919 How to install Arch Linux the easy way with Evo or Lution.md
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Translating by GOLinux!
How to install Arch Linux the easy way with Evo/Lution
================================================================================
The one who ventures into an install of Arch Linux and has only experienced installing Linux with Ubuntu or Mint is in for a steep learning curve. The number of people giving up halfway is probably higher than the ones that pull it through. Arch Linux is somewhat cult in the way that you may call yourself a weathered Linux user if you succeed in setting it up and configuring it in a useful way.
@ -70,4 +71,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/09/install-arch-linux-easy-way-evolution.html
[1]:https://wiki.archlinux.org/
[2]:http://www.evolutionlinux.com/
[3]:http://www.evolutionlinux.com/forums/
[4]:http://www.evolutionlinux.com/downloads.html
[4]:http://www.evolutionlinux.com/downloads.html

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Network Installation of “Debian 7 (Whezzy) on Client Machines using DNSMASQ Network Boot Server
================================================================================
This tutorial will guide you on how you can install **Debian 7 (Whezzy)** directly from a network location using **DNSMASQ** as a **PXE Server (Preboot eXecution Environment)**, in case your server doesn’t provide any method to boot from a CD/DVD/USB media drive or it just can operate with an attached monitor, keyboard and mouse.
![Debian 7 Network Installation on Client Machines](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Network-Debian-Instalaltion.png)
Debian 7 Network Installation on Client Machines
**DNSMASQ** is a lightweight network infrastructure server which can provide crucial network services such as DNS, DHCP and Network Boot, using a build-in DNS, DHCP and TFTP server.
Once the PXE server is up and running you can instruct all your clients machines to directly boot from network, with the specifications that your clients must own a network card that supports network booting, which can be enabled from BIOS under Network Boot or Boot Services option.
### Requirements ###
- [Debian 7 (Wheezy) Installation Guide][1]
### Step 1: Install and Configure DNSMASQ Server ###
**1.** On first hand, after you install Debian Server assure that your system uses a **Static IP Address**, because, besides network booting, will also provide DHCP service for your entire network segment. Once the Static IP Address has been configured run the following command from root account or using a user with root powers to install DNSMASQ server.
# apt-get install dnsmasq
![Install Dnsmasq Package](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Install-Dnsmasq-in-Debian.png)
Install Dnsmasq Package
**2.** Once DNSMASQ package installed, you can start editing its configuration file. First create a backup of the main configuration and then start editing **dnsmasq.conf** file by issuing the following commands.
# mv /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.backup
# nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf
![Backup Dnsmasq Configuration](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Backup-dnsmasq-Configuration-file.png)
Backup Dnsmasq Configuration
**3.** The above backup process consisted on renaming the main configuration file, so the new file should be an empty one. Use the following excerpt for **DNSMASQ** configuration file as described below.
interface=eth0
domain=debian.lan
dhcp-range=192.168.1.3,192.168.1.253,255.255.255.0,1h
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,pxeserver,192.168.1.100
pxe-prompt="Press F8 for menu.", 60
#pxe-service types: x86PC, PC98, IA64_EFI, Alpha, Arc_x86, Intel_Lean_Client, IA32_EFI, BC_EFI, Xscale_EFI and X86-64_EFI
pxe-service=x86PC, "Install Debian 7 Linux from network server 192.168.1.100", pxelinux
enable-tftp
tftp-root=/srv/tftp
![Configuration of Dnsmasq](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Configure-dnsmasq.png)
Configuration of Dnsmasq
- **interface** – The network interface that the server should listen.
- **domain** – Replace it with your domain name.
- **dhcp-range** – Replace it with your network IP range defined by your network mask.
- **dhcp-boot** – Leave it as default but replace the IP statement with your server IP Address.
- **pxe-prompt** – Leave it as default – requires **F8 key strike** to enter menu 60 with seconds wait time.
- **pxe=service** – Use **x86PC** for 32-bit/64-bit architectures and enter a menu description prompt under string quotes. Other values types can be: PC98, IA64_EFI, Alpha, Arc_x86, Intel_Lean_Client, IA32_EFI, BC_EFI, Xscale_EFI and X86-64_EFI.
- **enable-tftp** – Enables the build-in TFTP server.
- **tftp-root** – Use /srv/tftp is the location for Debian netboot files.
### Step 2: Download Debian Netboot Files and Open Firewall Connection ###
**4.** Now it’s time to download Debian Network Boot files. First, change your current working directory path to **TFTP Root** location defined by the last configuration statement (**/srv/tftp** system path ).
Go to a offical page mirror of [Debian Netinstall][2] – [Network boot section][3] and grab the following files depending on your system architecture that you want to install it on your clients.
Once, you download **netboot.tar.gz** file, extract archive at the same time (this procedure describes only for 64-bit but the same procedure applies for other system architectures).
# cd /srv/tftp/
# wget http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz
# tar xfz netboot.tar.gz
# wget http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/main/installer-amd64/current/images/SHA256SUMS
# wget http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/Release
# wget http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/Release.gpg
Also it may be necessary to make all files in **TFTP** directory readable for TFTP server.
# chmod -R 755 /srv/tftp/
![Download Debian NetBoot Files](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Download-Debian-NetBoot-Files.png)
Download Debian NetBoot Files
Use the following variables for **Debian Netinstall** mirrors and architectures.
# wget http://"$YOURMIRROR"/debian/dists/wheezy/main/installer-"$ARCH"/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz
# wget http://"$YOURMIRROR"/debian/dists/wheezy/main/installer-"$ARCH"/current/images/SHA256SUMS
# wget http://"$YOURMIRROR"/debian/dists/wheezy/Release
# wget http://"$YOURMIRROR"/debian/dists/wheezy/Release.gpg
**5.** On the next step start or restart DNSMASQ daemon and run netstat command to get a list of ports that the server is listening.
# service dnsmasq restart
# netstat -tulpn | grep dnsmasq
![Start Dnsmasq Service](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Start-Dnsmasq-Service.png)
Start Dnsmasq Service
**6.** Debian based distribution usually ships with **UFW Firewall** package. Use the following commands to open the required **DNSMASQ** port numbers: **67** (Bootps), **69** (TFTP) **53** (DNS), **4011** (proxyDHCP) udp and **53** tcp (DNS).
# ufw allow 69/udp
# ufw allow 4011/udp ## Only if you have a ProxyDHCP on the network
# ufw allow 67/udp
# ufw allow 53/tcp
# ufw allow 53/udp
![Open Dnsmasq Ports](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Open-Dnsmasq-Ports-620x303.png)
Open Dnsmasq Ports
Now, the PXE loader located on your client network interface will load **pxelinux** configuration files from **/srv/tftp/pxelinux.cfg** directory using this order.
- GUID files
- MAC files
- Default file
### Step 3: Configure Clients to Boot from Network ###
**7.** To enable network boot for a client computer enter your system **BIOS configuration** (please consult the hardware motherboard vendor documentation for entering BIOS settings).
Go to **Boot menu** and select **Network boot** as the **primary boot device** (on some systems you can select the boot device without entering BIOS configuration just by pressing a key during **BIOS POST**).
![Select BIOS Settings](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Select-BIOS-Settings.png)
Select BIOS Settings
**8.** After editing the boot order sequence, usually, press **F10** to save BIOS settings. After reboot, your client computer should boot directly from network and the first **PXE** prompt should appear demanding you to press **F8** key to enter menu.
Next, hit **F8** key to move forward and a new prompt should appear. Hit **Enter** key again and the main **Debian Installer** prompt should appear on your screen as in the screenshots below.
![Boot Menu Selection](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Boot-Menu-Selection.png)
Boot Menu Selection
![Select Debian Installer Boot](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Select-Debian-Installer-Boot.png)
Select Debian Installer Boot
![Select Debian Install](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Select-Debian-Install.png)
Select Debian Install
From here on you can start install Debian on your machine using the Debian 7 Wheezy procedure (installation link given above), but you can also need to make sure that your machine has an active Internet connection in order to be able to finish installation process.
### Step 4: Debug DNSMASQ Server and Enable it System-Wide ###
**9.** To diagnosticate the server for eventual occurred problems or other information offered to clients run the following command to open log file.
# tailf /var/log/daemon.log
![Debug DNSMASQ Server](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Debbug-DNSMASQ-Server.png)
Debug DNSMASQ Server
**10.** If everything is in place during server tests you can now enable **DNSMASQ** daemon to automatically start after system reboot with the help of **sysv-rc-conf** package.
# apt-get install sysv-rc-conf
# sysv-rc-conf dnsmaq on
![Enable DNSMASQ Daemon](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Enable-DNSMASQ-Daemon.png)
Enable DNSMASQ Daemon
That’s all! Now your **PXE** server is ready to allocate IP addresses (**DHCP**) and to offer the required boot information for all your network segment clients which will be configured to boot and install Debian Wheezy from network.
Using PXE network boot installation has some advantages on networks with an increased number of server hosts because you can set up the entire network infrastructure in a short period of time or the same time, facilitates the distribution upgrading process, and, can also automate the entire installation process using kickstart files.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.tecmint.com/network-installation-of-debian-7-on-client-machines/
作者：[Matei Cezar][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/cezarmatei/
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/debian-gnulinux-7-0-code-name-wheezy-server-installation-guide/
[2]:http://www.debian.org/distrib/netinst#netboot
[3]:http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/main/

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sources/tech/20140922 How to Run Android Apps on Ubuntu using ARChon.md
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Translating by GOLinux ...
How to Run Android Apps on Ubuntu using ARChon
================================================================================
![Android, Chrome, Ubuntu](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/android-ubuntu.jpg)
Android, Chrome, Ubuntu
**Google recently announced the first [set of Android apps available to run natively on Chrome OS][1], a feat made possible using a new ‘Android Runtime’ extension.**
Now, a developer has [figured out a way to bring Android Apps to Chrome][2] on the desktop.
[Vlad Filippov][3]‘s [chromeos-apk script][4] and [ARChon Android Runtime extension][5] work hand-in-hand to bring Android apps to Chrome on the Windows, Mac and Linux desktop.
![IMDB, Flipboard and Twitter Android Apps running on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/android-apps-on-linux.jpg)
IMDB, Flipboard and Twitter Android Apps running on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
Performance of apps through the runtime is not fantastic. Any ambitions of running Dead Trigger 2 or other graphically intensive games should be put to one side.
Similarly, being both an unofficial repackaging of the official runtime and running outside of Chrome OS, system integration (e.g., webcam, speakers, etc.) may be patchy or non-existent.
The guide that follows is provided as-is, and without any guarantees of success. It should be considered highly experimental, buggy, unstable – possibly even flat out evil. Try it out of curiosity rather than heightened expectation and you should be fine.
### How to Run Android Apps on Linux ###
To run Android apps on Linux through Chrome you will need, obviously, to install Chrome. Version 37 or higher is required. Honestly, if you’re going to be playing with a potentially unstable hack then you might as well download and [install the unstable version of Google Chrome for Linux, too][6].
Already got a version of Chrome installed? You can install the Dev Channel version via the command line by running:
sudo apt-get install google-chrome-unstable
Next you need to download the custom-made — ergo officially not endorsed by Google or Chromium — Android Runtime created by Vlad Filippov. This differs from the official version in a number of ways, the chief being it can be used on desktop versions of the browser.
- [Download ARChon v1.0 from BitBucket][7]
Once the runtime has fully downloaded you will need to extract the contents from the .zip and move the resulting folder to your Home folder.
To install, open Google Chrome, click the hamburger menu and navigate through to the extensions page. Check ‘Enable developer mode’ and click on the ‘load unpacked extension’ button.
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/chromeos-apk-extensions.jpg)
The Runtime alone doesn’t do much by itself so you will need to create a compatible package from an Android app. To do this you will need the ‘[chromeos-apk][8]’ [command line JavaScript utility][9], which is available to install through the Node Packaged Modules (npm) manager.
First run:
sudo apt-get install npm nodejs nodejs-legacy
Ubuntu 64 user? You’ll want to grab the following library, too:
sudo apt-get install lib32stdc++6
Now run the command to install the script itself:
npm install -g chromeos-apk
Depending on your configuration you may need to need to run this latter command as sudo. If you’d prefer [not to install npm modules with sudo, you can][10] do so with some jiggery-pokery.
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/chromeos-apk-npm.jpg)
Now you’re in the home straight. Head over to Google to find an APK of an app you want to try out, bearing in mind **not all Android apps will work**, and **those that do may be unstable** or lack features.
Place your wanted Android APK in ~/Home, then return to Terminal to convert it using the following command, replacing the APK name with the one you want:
chromeos-apk replaceme.apk --archon
The command will take a few seconds to do its thing. Maybe have a blink. [Actually, don’t blink][11].
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/chromeos-apk-archon-750x184.jpg)
You now have an ARChon-rocking Chrome APK extension-y folder-y thing waiting in your Home folder. All that’s left to do is install it to see if it works!
Head back into the chrome://extensions page, tap the ‘load unpacked extension’ button once again but this time select the folder the script above created.
The app should proceed to install without issue, but will it run without issue? Open the Chrome App Launcher or Apps Page and launch it to find out.
#### Going Further ####
Since the ARChon runtime supports an unlimited number of Chromified APKs you can repeat the process as many times as you like. The Chrome APK [subreddit][12] is keeping track of success/failures, so if you’re feeling helpful be sure to post your findings there.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/09/install-android-apps-ubuntu-archon
作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
[1]:http://www.omgchrome.com/first-4-chrome-android-apps-released/
[2]:http://www.omgchrome.com/run-android-apps-on-windows-mac-linux-archon/
[3]:https://github.com/vladikoff/
[4]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk
[5]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk/blob/master/archon.md
[6]:http://www.chromium.org/getting-involved/dev-channel
[7]:https://bitbucket.org/vladikoff/archon/get/v1.0.zip
[8]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk/blob/master/README.md
[9]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk/blob/master/README.md
[10]:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19352976/npm-modules-wont-install-globally-without-sudo/21712034#21712034
[11]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKXLkWrBo7o
[12]:http://www.reddit.com/r/chromeapks

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sources/tech/20140924 How to use CloudFlare as a ddclient provider under Ubuntu.md Normal file
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How to use CloudFlare as a ddclient provider under Ubuntu
================================================================================
DDclient is a Perl client used to update dynamic DNS entries for accounts on Dynamic DNS Network Service Provider. It was originally written by Paul Burry and is now mostly by wimpunk. It has the capability to update more than just dyndns and it can fetch your WAN-ipaddress in a few different ways.
CloudFlare, however, has a little known feature that will allow you to update your DNS records via API or a command line script called ddclient. This will give you the same result, and it's also free.
Unfortunately, ddclient does not work with CloudFlare out of the box. There is a patch available and here is how to hack it up on Debian or Ubuntu, also works in Raspbian with Raspberry Pi.
### Requirements ###
Make sure you have a domain name that you own and Sign up to CloudFlare ,add your domain name. Follow the instructions, the default values it gives should be fine.You'll be letting CloudFlare host your domain so you need to adjust the settings at your registrar.If you'd like to use a subdomain, add an ‘A' record for it. Any IP address will do for now.
### Install ddclient on ubuntu ###
Open the terminal and run the following command
sudo apt-get install ddclient
Now you need to install the patch using the following commands
sudo apt-get install curl sendmail libjson-any-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl
curl -O http://blog.peter-r.co.uk/uploads/ddclient-3.8.0-cloudflare-22-6-2014.patch
sudo patch /usr/sbin/ddclient < ddclient-3.8.0-cloudflare-22-6-2014.patch
The above commands completes the ddclient and patch
### Configuring ddclient ###
You need to edit the ddclient.conf file using the following command
sudo vi /etc/ddclient.conf
Add the following information
##
### CloudFlare (cloudflare.com)
###
ssl=yes
use=web, web=dyndns
protocol=cloudflare, \
server=www.cloudflare.com, \
zone=domain.com, \
login=you@email.com, \
password=api-key \
host.domain.com
Comment out:
#daemon=300
Your api-key comes from the cloudflare account page
ssl=yes might already be in that file
use=web, web=dyndns will use dyndns to check IP (useful for NAT)
You're done. Log in to https://www.cloudflare.com and check that the IP listed for your domain matches http://checkip.dyndns.com
To verify your settings using the following command
sudo ddclient -daemon=0 -debug -verbose -noquiet
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-use-cloudflare-as-a-ddclient-provider-under-ubuntu.html
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

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Unix: stat -- more than ls
================================================================================
> Tired of ls and want to see more interesting information on your files? Try stat!
![](http://www.itworld.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/large_thumb_150x113/stats.jpg)
The ls command is probably one of the first commands that anyone using Unix learns, but it only shows a small portion of the information that is available with the stat command.
The stat command pulls information from the file's inode. As you might be aware, there are actually three sets of dates and times that are stored for every file on your system. These include the date the file was last modified (i.e., the date and time that you see when you use the ls -l command), the time the file was last changed (which includes renaming the file), and the time that file was last accessed.
View a long listing for a file and you will see something like this:
$ ls -l trythis
-rwx------ 1 shs unixdweebs 109 Nov 11 2013 trythis
Use the stat command and you see all this:
$ stat trythis
File: `trythis'
Size: 109 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 262144 regular file
Device: 18h/24d Inode: 12731691 Links: 1
Access: (0700/-rwx------) Uid: ( 263/ shs) Gid: ( 100/ unixdweebs)
Access: 2014-09-09 19:27:58.000000000 -0400
Modify: 2013-11-11 08:40:10.000000000 -0500
Change: 2013-11-11 08:40:10.000000000 -0500
The file's change and modify dates/times are the same in this case, while the access time is fairly recent. We can also see that the file is using 8 blocks and we see the permissions in each of the two formats -- the octal (0700) format and the rwx format. The inode number, shown in the third line of the output, is 12731681. There are no additional hard links (Links: 1). And the file is a regular file.
Rename the file and you will see that the change time will be updated.
This, the ctime information, was originally intended to hold the creation date and time for the file, but the field was turned into the change time field somewhere a while back.
$ mv trythis trythat
$ stat trythat
File: `trythat'
Size: 109 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 262144 regular file
Device: 18h/24d Inode: 12731691 Links: 1
Access: (0700/-rwx------) Uid: ( 263/ shs) Gid: ( 100/ unixdweebs)
Access: 2014-09-09 19:27:58.000000000 -0400
Modify: 2013-11-11 08:40:10.000000000 -0500
Change: 2014-09-21 12:46:22.000000000 -0400
Changing the file's permissions would also register in the ctime field.
You can also use wilcards with the stat command and list your files' stats in a group:
$ stat myfile*
File: `myfile'
Size: 20 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 262144 regular file
Device: 18h/24d Inode: 12731803 Links: 1
Access: (0640/-rw-r-----) Uid: ( 263/ shs) Gid: ( 100/ unixdweebs)
Access: 2014-08-23 03:00:36.000000000 -0400
Modify: 2014-08-22 12:02:12.000000000 -0400
Change: 2014-08-22 12:02:12.000000000 -0400
File: `myfile2'
Size: 20 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 262144 regular file
Device: 18h/24d Inode: 12731806 Links: 1
Access: (0640/-rw-r-----) Uid: ( 263/ shs) Gid: ( 100/ unixdweebs)
Access: 2014-08-23 03:00:36.000000000 -0400
Modify: 2014-08-22 12:03:30.000000000 -0400
Change: 2014-08-22 12:03:30.000000000 -0400
File: `myfile3'
Size: 40 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 262144 regular file
Device: 18h/24d Inode: 12730533 Links: 1
Access: (0640/-rw-r-----) Uid: ( 263/ shs) Gid: ( 100/ unixdweebs)
Access: 2014-08-23 03:00:36.000000000 -0400
Modify: 2014-08-22 12:03:59.000000000 -0400
Change: 2014-08-22 12:03:59.000000000 -0400
We can get some of this information with other commands if we like.
Add the "u" option to a long listing and you'll see something like this. Notice this shows us the last access time while adding "c" shows us the change time (in this example, the time when we renamed the file).
$ ls -lu trythat
-rwx------ 1 shs unixdweebs 109 Sep 9 19:27 trythat
$ ls -lc trythat
-rwx------ 1 shs unixdweebs 109 Sep 21 12:46 trythat
The stat command can also work against directories.
In this case, we see that there are a number of links.
$ stat bin
File: `bin'
Size: 12288 Blocks: 24 IO Block: 262144 directory
Device: 18h/24d Inode: 15089714 Links: 9
Access: (0700/drwx------) Uid: ( 263/ shs) Gid: ( 100/ unixdweebs)
Access: 2014-09-21 03:00:45.000000000 -0400
Modify: 2014-09-15 17:54:41.000000000 -0400
Change: 2014-09-15 17:54:41.000000000 -0400
Here, we're looking at a file system.
$ stat -f /dev/cciss/c0d0p2
File: "/dev/cciss/c0d0p2"
ID: 0 Namelen: 255 Type: tmpfs
Block size: 4096Fundamental block size: 4096
Blocks: Total: 259366 Free: 259337 Available: 259337
Inodes: Total: 223834 Free: 223531
Notice the Namelen (name length) field. Good luck if you had your heart set on file names with greater than 255 characters!
The stat command can also display some of its information a field at a time for those times when that's all you want to see, In the example below, we just want to see the file type and then the number of hard links.
$ stat --format=%F trythat
regular file
$ stat --format=%h trythat
1
In the examples below, we look at permissions -- in each of the two available formats -- and then the file's SELinux security context.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.itworld.com/operating-systems/437351/unix-stat-more-ls
作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.itworld.com/sandra-henry-stocker

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让下载更方便
================================================================================
下载管理器是一个电脑程序，专门处理下载文件，优化带宽占用，以及让下载更有条理等任务。有些网页浏览器，例如Firefox，也集成了一个下载管理器作为功能，但是它们的方式还是没有专门的下载管理器（或者浏览器插件）那么专业，没有最佳地使用带宽，也没有好用的文件管理功能。
对于那些经常下载的人，使用一个好的下载管理器会更有帮助。它能够最大化下载速度（加速下载），断点续传以及制定下载计划，让下载更安全也更有价值。下载管理器已经没有之前流行了，但是最好的下载管理器还是很实用，包括和浏览器的紧密结合，支持类似YouTube的主流网站，以及更多。
有好几个能在Linux下工作都非常优秀的开源下载管理器，以至于让人无从选择。我整理了一个摘要，是我喜欢的下载管理器，以及Firefox里的一个非常好用的下载插件。这里列出的每一个程序都是开源许可发布的。
----------
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/uGet.png)
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Utilities/Screenshot-uGet.png)
uGet是一个轻量级，容易使用，功能完备的开源下载管理器。uGet允许用户从不同的源并行下载来加快速度，添加文件到下载序列，暂停或继续下载，提供高级分类管理，和浏览器集成，监控剪贴板，批量下载，支持26种语言，以及其他许多功能。
uGet是一个成熟的软件；保持开发超过11年。在这个时间里，它发展成一个非常多功能的下载管理器，拥有一套很高价值的功能集，还保持了易用性。
uGet是用C语言开发的，使用了cURL作为底层支持，以及应用库libcurl。uGet有非常好的平台兼容性。它一开始是Linux系统下的项目，但是被移植到在Mac OS X，FreeBSD，Android和Windows平台运行。
#### 功能点： ####
- 容易使用
- 下载队列可以让下载任务按任意多或少或你希望的数量同时进行。
- 断点续传
- 默认分类
- 完美实现的剪贴板监控功能
- 批量下载
- 支持从HTML文件导入下载任务
- 支持通过HTTP，HTTPS，FTP，BitTorrent和Metalink下载
- 多线程下载（也被称为分块下载）：每个下载任务支持最多20个线程同时连接，支持自适应的分块管理，意味着如果某个下载块中断了，那么会其他连接会把它捡起来，以时刻保证最佳的下载速度。
- 多镜像下载
- FTP登录和匿名FTP
- 强大的计划任务
- 通过FlashGot和FireFox集成
- Aria2插件
- 多变的主题
- 安静模式
- 键盘快捷键
- 支持命令行/终端控制
- 自动创建目录
- 下载历史管理
- 支持GnuTLS
- 支持26种语言，包括：阿拉伯语，白俄罗斯语，简体中文，繁体中文，捷克语，丹麦语，英语（默认），法语，格鲁吉亚语，德语，匈牙利语，印尼语，意大利语，波兰语，葡萄牙语（巴西），俄语，西班牙语，土耳其语，乌克兰语，以及越南语。
- 网站：[ugetdm.com][1]
- 开发人员：C.H. Huang and contributors
- 许可：GNU LGPL 2.1
- 版本：1.10.5
----------
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/DownThemAll%21.png)
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Utilities/Screenshot-DownThemAll%21.png)
DownThemAll!是一个小巧的，可靠的以及易用的，开源下载管理器／加速器，是Firefox的一个组件。它可以让用户下载一个页面上所有链接和图片以及更多功能。它可以让用户完全控制下载任务，随时分配下载速度以及同时下载的任务数量。通过使用Metalinks或者手动添加镜像的方式，可以同时从不同的服务器下载同一个文件。
DownThemAll会根据你要下载的文件大小，切割成不同的部分，然后并行下载。
#### 功能点： ####
- 和Firefox的完全集成
- 分块下载，允许用户下载不同的文件块，完成之后再拼接成完整的文件；这样的话当连接到一个缓慢的服务器的时候可以加快下载速度。
- 支持Metalink，允许发送下载文件的多个URL以及它的校验值和其他信息到DTA
- 支持爬虫方式通过一个单独的链接遍历整个网页
- 下载过滤
- 高级重命名选项
- 暂停和继续下载任务
- 网站：[addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/downthemall][2]
- 开发人员：Federico Parodi, Stefano Verna, Nils Maier
- 许可：GNU GPL v2
- 版本：2.0.17
----------
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/JDownloader.png)
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Utilities/Screenshot-JDownloader.png)
JDownloader是一个免费，开源的下载管理工具，拥有一个大型社区的开发者支持，让下载更简单和快捷。用户可以开始，停止或暂停下载，设置带宽限制，自动解压缩包，以及更多功能。它提供了一个容易扩展的框架。
JDownloader简化了从一键下载网站下载文件。它还支持从不同并行资源下载，手势识别，自动文件解压缩以及更多功能。另外，还支持许多“加密链接”网站－所以你只需要复制粘贴“加密的”链接，然后JDownloader会处理剩下的事情。JDownloader还能导入CCF，RSDF和DLC文件。
#### 功能点： ####
- 一次下载多个文件
- 从多个连接同时下载
- JD有一个自己实现的强大的OCR模块
- 自动解压（包括密码搜索）（RAR压缩包）
- 支持主题
- 支持多国语言
- 大约110个站点以及超过300个解密插件
- 通过JDLiveHeaderScripts重连：（支持1400路由）
- 网页更新
- 集成包管理器支持额外模块（例如，Webinterface，Shutdown）
- 网站：[jdownloader.org][3]
- 开发人员：AppWork UG
- 许可：GNU GPL v3
- 版本：0.9.581
----------
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/FreeRapidDownloader.png)
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Utilities/Screenshot-FreeRapidDownloader.png)
FreeRapid Downloader是一个易用的开源下载程序，支持从Rapidshare，Youtube，Facebook，Picasa和其他文件分享网站下载。他的下载引擎基于一些插件，所以可以从特殊站点下载。
对于需要针对特定文件分享网站的下载管理器用户来说，FreeRapid Downloader是理想的选择。
FreeRapid Downloader使用Java语言编写。需要至少Sun Java 7.0版本才可以运行。
#### 功能点： ####
- 容易使用
- 支持从不同服务站点并行下载
- 支持断点续传
- 支持通过代理列表下载
- 支持流视频或图片
- 下载历史
- 聪明的剪贴板监控
- 自动检查服务器文件后缀
- 自动关机选项
- 插件自动更新
- 简单验证码识别
- 支持跨平台
- 支持多国语言：英语，保加利亚语，捷克语，芬兰语，葡萄牙语，斯洛伐克语，匈牙利语，简体中文，以及其他
- 支持超过700个站点
- 网站：[wordrider.net/freerapid/][4]
- 开发人员：Vity and contributors
- 许可：GNU GPL v2
- 版本：0.9u4
----------
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/FlashGot.png)
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Utilities/Screenshot-FlashGot.png)
FlashGot是一个Firefox和Thunderbird的免费组件，旨在通过外置下载管理器来处理单个和大规模（“所有”和“已选”）下载。
FlashGot把所支持的所有下载管理器统一成Firefox中的一个下载管理器。
#### 功能点： ####
- Linux下支持：Aria, Axel Download Accelerator, cURL, Downloader 4 X, FatRat, GNOME Gwget, FatRat, JDownloader, KDE KGet, pyLoad, SteadyFlow, uGet, wxDFast, 和wxDownload Fast
- 支持图库功能，可以帮助把原来分散在不同页面的系列资源，整合到一个所有媒体库页面中，然后可以轻松迅速地“下载所有”
- FlashGot Link会使用默认下载管理器下载当前鼠标选中的链接
- FlashGot Selection
- FlashGot All
- FlashGot Tabs
- FlashGot Media
- 抓取页面里所有链接
- 抓取所有标签栏的所有链接
- 链接过滤（例如，只下载指定类型文件）
- 在网页上抓取点击所产生的所有链接
- 支持从大多数链接保护和文件托管服务器直接和批量下载
- 隐私选项
- 支持国际化
- 网站：[flashgot.net][5]
- 开发人员：Giorgio Maone
- 许可：GNU GPL v2
- 版本：1.5.6.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140913062041384/DownloadManagers.html
作者：Frazer Kline
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://ugetdm.com/
[2]:https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/downthemall/
[3]:http://jdownloader.org/
[4]:http://wordrider.net/freerapid/
[5]:http://flashgot.net/

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在Ubuntu 14.04和拥有Texmaker的Linux Mint 17(基于ubuntu和debian的Linux发行版)中使用LaTeX
================================================================================
![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/texmaker_Ubuntu.jpeg)
[LaTeX][1]是一种文本标记语言，也可以说是一种文档制作系统。经常在很多大学或者机构中作为一种标准来书写专业的科学文献,毕业论文或其他类似的文档。在这篇文章中，我们会看到如何在Ubuntu 14.04中使用LaTeX。
### 在Ubuntu 14.04或Linux Mint 17中安装Texmaker
[Texmaker][2]是一款免费开源的LaTeX编辑器，它支持一些主流的桌面操作系统，比如Window，Linux和OS X。下面是Texmaker的主要特点：
- 支持Unicode编码的编辑器
- 拼写检查
- 代码折叠
- 自动补全
- 快速导航
- PDF查看器
- 编译简单
- 支持370个数学符号
- LaTeX格式文本
- 通过TeX4ht导出到html和odt文件
- 支持正则表达式
在Ubuntu 14.04下，你可以通过下面的链接下载Texmaker的二进制包
- [下载Texmaker编辑器][3]
你通过链接下载到的是一个.deb包，因此你在一些像Linux Mint，Elementary OS，Pinguy OS等等类Debain的发行版中可以使用相同的安装方式。
如果你想使用像Github类型的markdown编辑器，你可以试试[Remarkable编辑器][4]。
希望Texmaker能够在Ubuntu和Linux Mint中帮到你
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://itsfoss.com/install-latex-ubuntu-1404/
作者：[Abhishek][a]
译者：[john](https://github.com/johnhoow)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
[1]:http://www.latex-project.org/
[2]:http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/index.html
[3]:http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/download.html#linux
[4]:http://itsfoss.com/remarkable-markdown-editor-linux/

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客户机通过DNSMASQ网络启动服务器网络安装“Debian 7（Wheezy）”
================================================================================
本教程将指引你直接通过使用**DNSMASQ**作为**PXE服务器（预启动执行环境）**的网络位置安装**Debian 7（Wheezy）**，此种情况是假定你的服务器不提供任何CD/DVD/USB介质驱动器，或者它只能通过相连的监视器、键盘和鼠标操作。
![Debian 7 Network Installation on Client Machines](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Network-Debian-Instalaltion.png)
客户机上的Debian 7网络安装
**DNSMASQ**是一个轻量级网络基础架构服务器，它可以通过内建的DNS、DHCP和TFTP服务器提供如DNS、DHCP和网络启动等关键服务。
一旦PXE服务器启动并运行，你可以指示你所有的客户机直接从网络启动，前提是你的客户机必须拥有一张支持网络启动的网卡，网络启动可以从BIOS的网络启动或启动服务选项中启用。
### 需求 ###
- [Debian 7 (Wheezy)安装指南][1]
### 步骤1： 安装及配置DNSMASQ服务器 ###
**1.** 首先，在安装Debian服务器后，要确保你的系统使用的是**静态IP地址**。因为除了网络启动之外，也要为你的整个网段提供DHCP服务。设置好静态IP地址后，以root帐号或具有root权力的用户来运行以下命令，进行DNSMASQ服务器的安装。
# apt-get install dnsmasq
![Install Dnsmasq Package](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Install-Dnsmasq-in-Debian.png)
安装Dnsmasq包
**2.** 安装好DNSMASQ包后，你可以开始编辑配置文件。首先创建一个主配置文件的备份，然后使用下面的命令对**dnsmasq.conf**文件进行编辑。
# mv /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.backup
# nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf
![Backup Dnsmasq Configuration](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Backup-dnsmasq-Configuration-file.png)
备份Dnsmasq配置
**3.** 上面的备份过程适合重命名配置文件，所以新的文件应该是空，你可以使用以下下面描述的**DNSMASQ**配置文件节录。
interface=eth0
domain=debian.lan
dhcp-range=192.168.1.3,192.168.1.253,255.255.255.0,1h
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,pxeserver,192.168.1.100
pxe-prompt="Press F8 for menu.", 60
#pxe-service types: x86PC, PC98, IA64_EFI, Alpha, Arc_x86, Intel_Lean_Client, IA32_EFI, BC_EFI, Xscale_EFI and X86-64_EFI
pxe-service=x86PC, "Install Debian 7 Linux from network server 192.168.1.100", pxelinux
enable-tftp
tftp-root=/srv/tftp
![Configuration of Dnsmasq](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Configure-dnsmasq.png)
Dnsmasq配置
- **interface** – 服务器监听的网络接口。
- **domain** – 用你自己的域名替换。
- **dhcp-range** – 用你自己的网络掩码定义的网络IP地址范围。
- **dhcp-boot** – 保持默认，但使用你自己的服务器IP地址替换IP声明。
- **pxe-prompt** – 保持默认 – 要求在**敲击F8键** 进入菜单时等待60秒。
- **pxe=service** – 使用**x86PC**作为32位/64位架构，并进入引号字符串的菜单描述提示。其它值类型可能是：PC98，IA64_EFI，Alpha，Arc_x86，Intel_Lean_Client，IA32_EFI, BC_EFI，Xscale_EFI和 X86-64_EFI。
- **enable-tftp** – 启用内建TFTP服务器。
- **tftp-root** – 使用/srv/tftp作为Debian网络启动文件的存放位置。
### 步骤2: 下载Debian网络启动文件并打开防火墙连接 ###
**4.** 现在，该下载Debian网络启动文件了。首先，修改你当前工作目录路径到**TFTP根目录**位置，此位置由最后的配置语句定义（**/srv/tftp**系统路径）。
转到[Debian网络安装][2] – [网络启动部分][3]的官方页面镜像，抓取以下文件，要抓取的文件取决于你想要安装到客户端的系统架构。
下载好**netboot.tar.gz**文件后，同时提取归档（该过程描述只适用于64位，但对于其它系统架构也基本相同）。
# cd /srv/tftp/
# wget http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz
# tar xfz netboot.tar.gz
# wget http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/main/installer-amd64/current/images/SHA256SUMS
# wget http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/Release
# wget http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/Release.gpg
同时，必须确保**TFTP**目录中的所有文件都可让TFTP服务器读取。
# chmod -R 755 /srv/tftp/
![Download Debian NetBoot Files](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Download-Debian-NetBoot-Files.png)
下载Debian网络启动文件
使用以下变量用于**Debian网络安装**镜像和架构。
# wget http://"$YOURMIRROR"/debian/dists/wheezy/main/installer-"$ARCH"/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz
# wget http://"$YOURMIRROR"/debian/dists/wheezy/main/installer-"$ARCH"/current/images/SHA256SUMS
# wget http://"$YOURMIRROR"/debian/dists/wheezy/Release
# wget http://"$YOURMIRROR"/debian/dists/wheezy/Release.gpg
**5.** 下一步，启动或重启DNSMASQ守护进程，并运行netstat命令来获取服务器监听的端口列表。
# service dnsmasq restart
# netstat -tulpn | grep dnsmasq
![Start Dnsmasq Service](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Start-Dnsmasq-Service.png)
启动Dnsmasq服务
**6.** 基于Debian的发行版通常附带了**UFW防火墙**包。使用以下命令来打开需要的**DNSMASQ**端口号：**67**（Bootps），**69**（TFTP），**53**（DNS）**4011**（代理DHCP）udp和**53** tcp（DNS）。
# ufw allow 69/udp
# ufw allow 4011/udp ## Only if you have a ProxyDHCP on the network
# ufw allow 67/udp
# ufw allow 53/tcp
# ufw allow 53/udp
![Open Dnsmasq Ports](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Open-Dnsmasq-Ports-620x303.png)
开启Dnsmasq端口
Now, the PXE loader located on your client network interface will load **pxelinux** configuration files from **/srv/tftp/pxelinux.cfg** directory using this order.
现在，位于你的客户机网络接口上的PXE加载器将使用按以下顺序从**/srv/tftp/pxelinux.cfg**目录加载**pxelinux**配置文件。
- GUID文件
- MAC文件
- 默认文件
### 步骤3： 配置客户端从网络启动 ###
**7.** 要为你的客户端计算机启用网络启动，请进入系统**BIOS配置**（如何进入BIOS设置，请查阅硬件主板提供商的文档）。
转到**启动菜单**，然后选择**网络启动**作为**首要启动设备**（在某些系统上，你可以不用进入BIOS配置就能选择启动设备，只要在**BIOS自检**时按一个键就可以进行选择了）。
![Select BIOS Settings](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Select-BIOS-Settings.png)
选择BIOS设置
**8。** 在编辑启动顺序后，通常按**F10**来保存BIOS设置。重启后，你的客户端计算机应该可以直接从网络启动了，应该会出第一个**PXE**提示，要求你按**F8**键进入菜单。
接下来，敲击**F8**键来进入，会出现一个新的提示。敲击**回车**键，屏幕上会出现**Debian安装器**主界面提示，如下图所示。
![Boot Menu Selection](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Boot-Menu-Selection.png)
启动菜单选择
![Select Debian Installer Boot](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Select-Debian-Installer-Boot.png)
选择Debian安装器启动
![Select Debian Install](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Select-Debian-Install.png)
选择Debian安装
从这里开始，你可以使用Debian 7 Wheezy安装进程将Debian安装到你的机器上了（安装链接见上面）。然而，为了能够完成安装进程，你也需要确保你的机器上互联网连接已经激活。
### 步骤4： DNSMASQ服务器排障并在系统范围内启用 ###
**9.** 要诊断服务器以查询最终是否发生问题或要查询其它提供给客户端的信息，运行以下命令来打开日志文件。
# tailf /var/log/daemon.log
![Debug DNSMASQ Server](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Debbug-DNSMASQ-Server.png)
DNSMASQ服务器排障
**10.** 如果服务器测试中已一切就绪，你现在可以在**sysv-rc-conf**包的帮助下，启用**DNSMASQ**守护进程自启动，以使该进程在系统重启后自动启动。
# apt-get install sysv-rc-conf
# sysv-rc-conf dnsmaq on
![Enable DNSMASQ Daemon](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Enable-DNSMASQ-Daemon.png)
启用DNSMASQ守护进程
到此为止吧！现在你的**PXE**服务器已经整装待发，随时准备好分配IP地址了（**DHCP**），并为你所有网段中的客户端提供需要的启动信息，这些信息配置用来从网络启动并安装Debian Wheezy。
使用PXE网络启动安装在服务器主机数量增长时很有优势，因为你可以在短时间内火同时设置整个网络基础架构，为版本升级提供了方便，也可以通过kickstart文件使整个安装的全自动化。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.tecmint.com/network-installation-of-debian-7-on-client-machines/
作者：[Matei Cezar][a]
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/cezarmatei/
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/debian-gnulinux-7-0-code-name-wheezy-server-installation-guide/
[2]:http://www.debian.org/distrib/netinst#netboot
[3]:http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/main/

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安卓应用乾坤大挪移，Ubuntu上的搬运工：ARChon
================================================================================
![Android, Chrome, Ubuntu](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/android-ubuntu.jpg)
Android, Chrome, Ubuntu
**Google最近发布了首批[能在Chrome OS本地运行的安卓应用集][1],通过‘安卓运行时’扩展完成了该壮举。**
现在，一位开发者已经[指明了将安卓应用带入桌面版Chrome的路][2]。
[弗拉德·菲利波夫][3]的[chromeos-apk脚本][4]和[ARChon安卓运行时扩展][5]手拉手一起开展工作，将安卓应用带进了Windows，Mac和Linux桌面上的Chrome中。
![IMDB, Flipboard and Twitter Android Apps running on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/android-apps-on-linux.jpg)
运行在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上的安卓应用：IMDB，Flipboard和Twitter
通过运行时运行的应用的性能不是很令人惊异，任何想要运行Dead Trigger 2或者其它图形密集型游戏的雄心壮志可以放到一边了。
同样地，作为官方运行时的非官方重构包并在Chrome OS之外运行，系统整合（如网络摄像头，扬声器等）可能不完整或者根本不可能。
下面的指南只是提供原样，并不保证一定成功。它只能作为高度实验性进行，里面遍布漏洞，很不稳定——甚至平出恶魔。只能出于好奇而尝试，不去高度寄予厚望，那么你就不会深受其困扰。
### 安卓应用转战Linux大法 ###
要通过Chrome在Linux上运行安卓应用，很明显，你需要安装Chrome，要求的版本是37，或者更高。坦率地讲，如果你打算玩玩潜在不稳定的版本，那么你也可以下载并[为Linux安装不稳定的Google Chrome版本][6]。
已经安装了Chrome的某个版本？你可以通过命令行来安装开发版，命令如下：
sudo apt-get install google-chrome-unstable
接下来，你需要下载官方定制版，而不是Google或Chronium捐赠的版本——由弗拉德·菲利波夫创建的安卓运行时。这个版本和官方的有着诸多的不同，最突出的就是它可以运行在桌面版的浏览器上。
- [从BitBucket下载ARChon v1.0][7]
下载好运行时后，你需要从.zip解压内容，并移动解压后的文件夹到你的Home文件夹。
要安装，打开Google Chrome，点击汉堡式菜单按钮，然后导航到扩展页。检查‘启用开发者模式’并点击‘加载解包的扩展’按钮。
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/chromeos-apk-extensions.jpg)
运行时本身不会做太多事情，所以你需要从安卓应用创建兼容包。要完成这项工作，你需要‘[chromeos-apk][8]’[命令行Javascript工具][9]，它可以从节点封装模块管理器安装。
首先运行：
sudo apt-get install npm nodejs nodejs-legacy
Ubuntu 64位用户？你也需要攫取以下库：
sudo apt-get install lib32stdc++6
现在，运行命令来暗转脚本吧：
npm install -g chromeos-apk
根据你的配置，你可能需要过会儿使用sudo来运行。如果你不喜欢[通过sudo安装npm模块，你可以][10]玩玩鬼把戏。
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/chromeos-apk-npm.jpg)
现在，你直接回家了。去Google找找你想要试试的应用的APK吧，请牢记**不是所有的安卓应用都会工作**，而**那些可以工作的也未必工作得很好**，或者缺少功能。
把你想要的安卓APK放到~/Home，然后回到终端中使用以下命令来转换，你可以将APK命名成任何你想要的名字：
chromeos-apk replaceme.apk --archon
该命令将花一点时间来完成这项工作，也许也就是一眨眼的时间。[实际上，不需要眨眼的时间][11]
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/chromeos-apk-archon-750x184.jpg)
现在，在你的Home文件夹内有个ARChon生成的Chrome APK extension-y folder-y这样的东西。所有剩下来要做的事，就是安装并查看它是否正常工作！
回到chrome://extensions页面，再次轻敲‘加载解封装扩展’按钮，但这次选择上面脚本创建的文件夹。
应用应该会继续安装，不会有任何问题，但是它确实会没有问题吗？打开Chrome应用启动器或应用页面并启动它来看看是否有问题。
#### 深度探索 ####
由于ARChon运行时支持不限数量的chrome化的APK，你可以反复进行该操作，你想做多少次都行。Chrome APK [subreddit][12]用于跟踪成功/失败情况，所以如果你感到很有用，一定要贴出你的结果。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/09/install-android-apps-ubuntu-archon
作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
[1]:http://www.omgchrome.com/first-4-chrome-android-apps-released/
[2]:http://www.omgchrome.com/run-android-apps-on-windows-mac-linux-archon/
[3]:https://github.com/vladikoff/
[4]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk
[5]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk/blob/master/archon.md
[6]:http://www.chromium.org/getting-involved/dev-channel
[7]:https://bitbucket.org/vladikoff/archon/get/v1.0.zip
[8]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk/blob/master/README.md
[9]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk/blob/master/README.md
[10]:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19352976/npm-modules-wont-install-globally-without-sudo/21712034#21712034
[11]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKXLkWrBo7o
[12]:http://www.reddit.com/r/chromeapks

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在CentOS 7上安装Vmware 10
================================================================================
在CentOS 7上安装Vmware 10.0.3，我将给你们我的经验。通常，这个版本上不能在CentOS 7工作的，因为它只能运行在比较低的内核版本3.10上。
1 - 以正常方式下载并安装（没有问题）。唯一的问题是在后来体验vmware程序的时候。
### 如何修复？ ###
**1 – 进入/usr/lib/vmware/modules/source。**
cd /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source
**2 – 解压vmnet.tar.**
tar -xvf vmnet.tar
**3 – 进入vmnet-only目录。**
cd vmnet-only
**4 – 编辑filter.c文件。**
vi filter.c
在206和259行，替换以下字符串：
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(3, 13, 0)
为：
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(3, 0, 0)
保存并退出。
**5 – 回到先前文件夹。**
cd ../
**6 – 再次压缩文件夹。**
tar -uvf vmnet.tar vmnet-only
**7 – 移除旧目录。**
rm -fr vmnet-only
**8 – 启动vmware并体验。**
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Selection_008.png)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-vmware-10-centos-7/
作者： M.el Khamlichi
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

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Ubuntu 14.04历史文件清理
================================================================================
这个简明教程对Ubuntu 14.04历史文件清理进行了说明，它用于初学者。
要从dash搜索删除历史记录，请遵循以下程序。
转到系统设置（System Settings）并打开安全与隐私（Security & Privacy）。
![](http://www.ubuntugeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/14.png)
在文件与应用（Files and Applications）标签下，点击清除用户数据（Clear Usage Data）。
![](http://www.ubuntugeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/26.png)
你也可以关闭“记录文件与应用使用（Record file and Application usage）以阻止系统记录你当前使用的文件和应用。
![](http://www.ubuntugeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/36.png)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-delete-recently-opened-files-history-in-ubuntu-14-04.html
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出