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20140825-2 选题
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Linux FAQs with Answers--How to enable Nux Dextop repository on CentOS or RHEL
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> **Question**: I would like to install a RPM package which is available only in Nux Dextop repository. How can I set up Nux Dextop repository on CentOS or RHEL?
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[Nux Dextop][1] is a third-party RPM repository which contains many popular desktop and multimedia related packages (e.g., Ardour, Shutter, etc) for CentOS, RHEL and ScientificLinux. Currently, Nux Dextop repository is available for CentOS/RHEL 6 and 7.
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To enable Nux Dextop repository on CentOS or RHEL, follow the instructions below.
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First of all, understand that Nux Dextop is designed to coexist with EPEL repository. So you need to [enable EPEL][2] in order to use Nux Dextop repo.
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After enabling EPEL, go ahead and install Nux Dextop repository with rpm command as follows.
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On CentOS/RHEL 6.*:
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$ sudo rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el6/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-2.el6.nux.noarch.rpm
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On CentOS/RHEL 7:
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$ sudo rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-1.el7.nux.noarch.rpm
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Now verify that Nux Dextop repository is successfully installed:
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$ yum repolist
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### For Repoforge/RPMforge Users ###
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According to the author, Nux Dextop is known to cause conflicts with other third-party RPM repos such as Repoforge and ATrpms. Therefore, if you enabled any third-party repos other than EPEL, it is highly recommend you set Nux Dextop repository to "default off" state. That is, open /etc/yum.repos.d/nux-dextop.repo with a text editor, and change "enabled=1" to "enabled=0" under nux-desktop.
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$ sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nux-dextop.repo
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Then whenever you want to install a package from Nux Dextop repo, explicitly enable the repo as follows.
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$ sudo yum --enablerepo=nux-dextop install <package-name>
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/enable-nux-dextop-repository-centos-rhel.html
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/
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[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
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Linux FAQs with Answers--How to fix “failed to run aclocal: No such file or directory”
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> **Question**: I am trying to build a program on Linux. The development release of the program comes with "autogen.sh" script. When I run it to create configure script, however, I am getting the following error:
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>
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> Can't exec "aclocal": No such file or directory at /usr/share/autoconf/Autom4te/FileUtils.pm line 326.
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> autoreconf: failed to run aclocal: No such file or directory
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>
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> How can I fix this problem?
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The development release of a program source code often comes with autogen.sh which is used to prepare a build process, including verifying program functionality and generating configure script. This autogen.sh script then relies on autoreconf to invoke autoconf, automake, aclocal and other related tools.
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The missing aclocal is part of automake package. Thus, to fix this error, install the following package.
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On Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint:
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$ sudo apt-get install automake
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On CentOS, Fedora or RHEL:
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$ sudo yum install automake
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/fix-failed-to-run-aclocal.html
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install Shutter on CentOS
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================================================================================
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> **Question**: I would like to try out Shutter screenshot program on my CentOS desktop. However, when I tried to install Shutter with yum, it says "No package shutter available." How can I install Shutter on CentOS?
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[Shutter][1] is an open-source (GPLv3) screenshot tool for Linux desktop. It is packed with a number of user-friendly features, making it one of the most powerful screenshot programs in Linux. With Shutter, you can capture a screenshot of a rectangular area, a window, an entire desktop screen, or even a web page at any arbitrary URL. Besides, it also allows you to edit a captured screenshot with a built-in image editor, apply different effects, export to different image formats (svg, pdf, ps), or upload to public image hosts or FTP sites.
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Shutter is not available as a pre-built package on CentOS (as of version 7). Fortunately, there exists a third-party RPM repository called Nux Dextop, which offers Shutter package. So [enable Nux Dextop repository][2] on CentOS. Then use the following command to install Shutter.
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$ sudo yum --enablerepo=nux-dextop install shutter
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-shutter-centos.html
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://shutter-project.org/
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[2]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/enable-nux-dextop-repository-centos-rhel.html
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Linux FAQs with Answers--How to show a MAC learning table of Linux bridge
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================================================================================
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> **Question**: I would like to check MAC address learning status of a Linux bridge that I created with brctl tool. How can I view the MAC learning table (or forwarding table) of a Linux bridge?
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A Linux bridge is software implementation of a network bridge, which is part of Linux kernel. Similar to hardware bridge, Linux bridge maintains a layer-2 forwarding table (also known as MAC learning table, forwarding database, or just FDB), which keeps track of what MAC addresses are associated with which ports. When a bridge receives a packet (with source MAC address X) at port N, it records in FDB that MAC address X is reachable from port N. That way, later when a bridge needs to forward a packet destined to address X, it knows where to forward the packet from FDB lookup. Building a FDB is often called "MAC learning" or just "learning" process.
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You can check the current forwarding table or MAC learning table of a Linux bridge using the following command.
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$ sudo brctl showmacs <bridge-name>
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This command will show a list of all learned MAC addresses along with their associated port number. Each entry has a corresponding aging timer attached to it, so that the forwarding entries get refreshed after some time, making the MAC learning table up-to-date.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/show-mac-learning-table-linux-bridge.html
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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