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Linux Performance Monitoring with Vmstat and Iostat Commands翻译完成 下回不要改文件名：》
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Linux Performance Monitoring with Vmstat and Iostat Commands
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================================================================================
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This is our on-going series of commands and performance monitoring in **Linux**. **Vmstat** and **Iostat** both commands are available on all major **Unix-like (Linux/Unix/FreeBSD/Solaris)** Operating Systems.
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使用Vmstat和Iostat命令进行Linux性能监控
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================================================================
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这是我们正在进行的**Linux**命令和性能监控系列的一部分。**Vmstat**和**Iostat**两个命令都适用于所有主要的类**unix**系统（**Linux/unix/FreeBSD/Solaris**）。
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如果**vmstat**和**iostat**命令在你的系统中不可用，请安装**sysstat**软件包。**vmstat**，**sar**和**iostat**命令都包含在**sysstat**（系统监控工具）软件包中。iostat命令生成**CPU**和所有设备的统计信息。你可以从连接[sysstat][1]中下载源代码包编译安装sysstat，但是我们建议通过**YUM**命令进行安装。
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If **vmstat** and **iostat** commands are not available on your box, please install **sysstat** package. The **vmstat**, **sar** and **iostat** commands are the collection of package included in **sysstat** – the system monitoring tools. The iostat generates reports of **CPU** & all device statistics. You may download and install **sysstat** using source tarball from link [sysstat][1], but we recommend installing through **YUM** command.
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使用Vmstat和Iostat命令进行Linux性能监控
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Linux Performance Monitoring with Vmstat and Iostat
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###在Linux系统中安装sysstat###
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### Install Sysstat in Linux ###
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#yum -y install sysstat
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# yum -y install sysstat
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- **vmstat** - 内存，进程和分页等的简要信息。
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- **iostat** - CPU统计信息，设备和分区的输入/输出统计信息。
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- **vmstat** – Summary information of Memory, Processes, Paging etc.
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- **iostat** – Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices and partitions.
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### Linux下vmstat命令的6个范例###
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### 6 Vmstat Command Examples in Linux ###
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####1. 列出活动和非活动的内存####
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#### 1. List Active and Inactive Memory ####
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如下范例中输出6列。**vmstat**的man页面中解析的每一列的意义。最重要的是内存中的**free**属性和交换分区中是**si**和**so**属性。
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In the below example, there are six columns. The significant of the columns are explained in man page of **vmstat** in details. Most important fields are **free** under memory and **si**, **so** under swap column.
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[root@tecmint ~]# vmstat -a
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[root@tecmint ~]# vmstat -a
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procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
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procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
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r b swpd free inact active si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
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1 0 0 810420 97380 70628 0 0 115 4 89 79 1 6 90 3 0
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- **Free** – Amount of free/idle memory spaces.
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- **si** – Swaped in every second from disk in Kilo Bytes.
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- **so** – Swaped out every second to disk in Kilo Bytes.
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- **Free** – 空闲的内存空间
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- **si** – 每秒从磁盘中交换进内存的数据量（以KB为单位）。
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- **so** – 每秒从内存中交换出磁盘的数据量（以KB为单位）。
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**Note**: If you run **vmstat** without parameters it’ll displays summary report since system boot.
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**注意**：如果你不带参数的执行**vmstat**命令，它会输出自系统启动以来的总结报告。
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#### 2. Execute vmstat ‘X’ seconds and (‘N’number of times) ####
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With this command, **vmstat** execute every two seconds and stop automatically after executing six intervals.
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####2. 每X秒执行vmstat，共执行N次####
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下面命令将会每2秒中执行一次**vmstat**，执行6次后自动停止执行。
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[root@tecmint ~]# vmstat 2 6
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@ -49,9 +46,10 @@ With this command, **vmstat** execute every two seconds and stop automatically a
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0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 17 35 0 0 100 0 0
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0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 18 36 0 1 100 0 0
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#### 3. Vmstat with timestamps ####
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####3. 带时间戳的vmstat命令####
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带**-t**参数执行**vmstat**命令，该命令将会在每一行输出后都带一个时间戳，如下所示。
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**vmstat** command with **-t** parameter shows timestamps with every line printed as shown below.
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[tecmint@tecmint ~]$ vmstat -t 1 5
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@ -63,9 +61,10 @@ With this command, **vmstat** execute every two seconds and stop automatically a
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0 0 0 631780 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 156 524 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:21 IST
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1 0 0 631656 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 189 592 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:22 IST
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#### 4. Statistics of Various Counter ####
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####4. 统计各种计数器####
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**vmstat**命令的**-s**参数，将输出各种事件计数器和内存的统计信息。
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**vmstat** command and -s switch displays summary of various event counters and memory statistics.
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[tecmint@tecmint ~]$ vmstat -s
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@ -96,9 +95,9 @@ With this command, **vmstat** execute every two seconds and stop automatically a
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1346574857 boot time
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2309 forks
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#### 5. Disks Statistics ####
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####5. 磁盘统计信息####
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**vmstat** with **-d** option display all disks statistics.
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**vmstat**的**-d**参数将会输出所有磁盘的统计信息。
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[tecmint@tecmint ~]$ vmstat -d
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@ -133,9 +132,9 @@ With this command, **vmstat** execute every two seconds and stop automatically a
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dm-0 11578 0 659242 1113017 32163 0 257384 8460026 0 126
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dm-1 324 0 2592 3845 0 0 0 0 0 2
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#### 6. Display Statistics in Megabytes ####
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####6. 以MB为单位输出统计信息####
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The **vmstat** displays in **Megabytes** with parameters **-S** and **M**(Uppercase & megabytes). By default **vmstat** displays statistics in kilobytes.
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**vmstat**的**-S**和**-M**参数（大写和MB）将会以MB为单位输出。**vmstat**默认以KB为单位输出统计信息。
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[root@tecmint ~]# vmstat -S M 1 5
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@ -147,11 +146,11 @@ The **vmstat** displays in **Megabytes** with parameters **-S** and **M**(Upperc
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0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 15 13 0 0 100 0 0
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0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 34 61 0 1 99 0 0
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### 6 Iostat Command Examples in Linux ###
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###linux下的Iostat命令的6个范例###
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#### 7. Display CPU and I/O statistics ####
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####1. 输出CPU和输入/输出（I/O）的统计信息####
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**iostat** without arguments displays **CPU** and **I/O** statistics of all partitions as shown below.
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不带参数的**iostat**命令将会输出**CPU**和每个分区的**输出/输出**的统计信息，如下所示。
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[root@tecmint ~]# iostat
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@ -165,9 +164,9 @@ The **vmstat** displays in **Megabytes** with parameters **-S** and **M**(Upperc
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dm-0 5.76 159.71 13.47 1077154 90864
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dm-1 0.05 0.38 0.00 2576 0
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#### 8. Shows only CPU Statistics ####
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####2. 只输出CPU的统计信息####
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**iostat** with **-c** arguments displays only **CPU** statistics as shown below.
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**iostat**命令的**-c**参数仅输出**CPU**的统计信息，如下所示。
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[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -c
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@ -176,9 +175,9 @@ The **vmstat** displays in **Megabytes** with parameters **-S** and **M**(Upperc
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avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
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0.12 0.01 1.47 1.98 0.00 96.42
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#### 9. Shows only Disks I/O Statistics ####
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####3. 只输出磁盘的输入/输出统计信息####
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**iostat** with **-d** arguments displays only disks **I/O** statistics of all partitions as shown.
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**iostat**命令的**-d**参数仅输出磁盘的所有分区的**输入/输出**的统计信息，如下所示。
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[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -d
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@ -189,9 +188,9 @@ The **vmstat** displays in **Megabytes** with parameters **-S** and **M**(Upperc
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dm-0 5.37 148.59 12.65 1077154 91728
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dm-1 0.04 0.36 0.00 2576 0
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#### 10. Shows I/O statistics only of a single device. ####
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####4. 只输出某个磁盘的输入/输出统计信息####
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By default it displays statistics of all partitions, with **-p** and device name arguments displays only disks **I/O** statistics for specific device only as shown.
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在默认情况下iostat命令会输出所有分区的统计信息，但是若在iostat命令后加上**-p**参数和磁盘设备名，该命令将会仅输出列出的磁盘的输入/输出统计信息，如下所示。
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[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -p sda
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@ -205,9 +204,9 @@ By default it displays statistics of all partitions, with **-p** and device name
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sda1 0.07 0.56 0.00 4120 18
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sda2 3.22 147.79 12.55 1080650 91752
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#### 11. Display LVM Statistics ####
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####5. 输出逻辑卷管理（LVM）的统计信息####
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With **-N** (Uppercase) parameter displays only **LVM** statistics as shown.
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iostat命令的**-N**(大写)参数将会输出**LVM**（LCTT译注：[LVM][2]是linux环境下对磁盘分区进行管理的一种机制，是磁盘分区和文件系统间的一个逻辑层）的统计信息，如下所示。
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[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -N
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@ -221,26 +220,27 @@ With **-N** (Uppercase) parameter displays only **LVM** statistics as shown.
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vg_tecmint-lv_root 5.13 141.68 12.16 1077154 92448
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vg_tecmint-lv_swap 0.04 0.34 0.00 2576 0
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#### 12. iostat version. ####
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####6. iostat版本信息####
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With **-V** (Uppercase) parameter displays version of **iostat** as shown.
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iostat的**-V**(大写)参数将会输出**iostat**的版本信息，如下所示。
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[root@tecmint ~]# iostat -V
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sysstat version 9.0.4
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(C) Sebastien Godard (sysstat orange.fr)
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**Note**: **vmstat** and **iostat** contains number of columns and flags which may not possible to explain in details. If you want to know more about it you may refer man page of **vmstat** and **iostat**. Please share it if you find this article is useful through our comment box below.
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**注意**：**vmstat**和**iostat**的输出中包含多列的数据和标志，限于篇幅无法在本文中进行详细的解析。如果你想知道更多的信息，请查看**vmstat**和**iostat**的man帮助手册。如果你觉得本文对你有价值，请在下面的评论框中与你的朋友分享。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/linux-performance-monitoring-with-vmstat-and-iostat-commands/
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作者：[Ravi Saive][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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译者：[cvsher](https://github.com/cvsher)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/admin/
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[1]:http://sebastien.godard.pagesperso-orange.fr/download.html
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[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)
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