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beyondworld translating
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beyondworld 翻译中
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How to get up and running with sweet Orange Pi
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============================================================
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@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
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beyondworld 翻译中
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Powerline - 给Vim和Bash提供更棒的状态行和提示信息
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=================================================
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Powerline是[Vim editor][1]中一个很好的状态行插件，这个插件是使用Python开发的，主要用于显示状态行和提示信息，适用于很多软件，比如bash，zsh，tmux等。
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[
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][2]
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Powerline使Linux终端更具威力
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#### 特色
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1. python编写使其更具扩展性且功能丰富
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2. 稳定易测的代码基础，兼容python2.6+和python3
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3. 支持多种Linux版本及工具的提示和状态栏
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4. 通过JSON保存配置和颜色方案
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5. 快速、轻量级，具有daemon支持，提供更好的显示效果
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#### Powerline截图效果
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[
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][3]
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Vim中Powerline状态行效果
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在本文中，我会介绍如何安装Powerline和相应字体，以及如何在RedHat和Debian类的系统中使用Bash和Vim支持Powerline。
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### 第一步：准备好安装Powerline需要的软件
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由于和其他不相干项目之间存在命名冲突，因此powerline只能放在PyPI(Python Package Index)中的powerline-status包下.
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为了从PyPI中安装该包，需要先准备好pip(该工具专门用于Python包的管理)工具。所以首先要在Linux系统下安装好pip工具。
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#### 在Debian,Ubuntu和Linux Mint中安装Pip的方法
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```
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# apt-get install python-pip
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```
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##### 示例输出
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```
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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Recommended packages:
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python-dev-all python-wheel
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The following NEW packages will be installed:
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python-pip
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0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 533 not upgraded.
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Need to get 97.2 kB of archives.
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After this operation, 477 kB of additional disk space will be used.
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Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/universe python-pip all 1.5.4-1ubuntu3 [97.2 kB]
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Fetched 97.2 kB in 1s (73.0 kB/s)
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Selecting previously unselected package python-pip.
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(Reading database ... 216258 files and directories currently installed.)
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Preparing to unpack .../python-pip_1.5.4-1ubuntu3_all.deb ...
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Unpacking python-pip (1.5.4-1ubuntu3) ...
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Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
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Setting up python-pip (1.5.4-1ubuntu3) ...
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```
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#### 在CentOS，RHEL和Fedora中安装Pip
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在Fedora类系统中，需要先打开[epel-repository][4]然后按照如下方法安装pip包。
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```
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# yum install python-pip
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# dnf install python-pip [On Fedora 22+ versions]
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```
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##### 示例输出
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```
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Installing:
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python-pip noarch 7.1.0-1.el7 epel 1.5 M
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Transaction Summary
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=================================================================================
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Install 1 Package
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Total download size: 1.5 M
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Installed size: 6.6 M
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Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
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Downloading packages:
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python-pip-7.1.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 1.5 MB 00:00:01
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Running transaction check
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Running transaction test
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Transaction test succeeded
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Running transaction
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Installing : python-pip-7.1.0-1.el7.noarch 1/1
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Verifying : python-pip-7.1.0-1.el7.noarch 1/1
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Installed:
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python-pip.noarch 0:7.1.0-1.el7
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Complete!
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```
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### 第二步：在Linux中安装Powerline
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现在可以从Git仓库中安装Powerline的最新开发版。在此之前系统需要安装好Git工具以便可以从仓库拉下代码。
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```
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# apt-get install git
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# yum install git
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# dnf install git
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```
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然后你可以通过pip命令安装Powerline。
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```
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# pip install git+git://github.com/Lokaltog/powerline
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```
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##### 示例输出
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```
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Cloning git://github.com/Lokaltog/powerline to /tmp/pip-WAlznH-build
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Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip-WAlznH-build/setup.py) egg_info for package from git+git://github.com/Lokaltog/powerline
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warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'powerline/bindings'
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warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'powerline/bindings'
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Installing collected packages: powerline-status
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Found existing installation: powerline-status 2.2
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Uninstalling powerline-status:
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Successfully uninstalled powerline-status
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Running setup.py install for powerline-status
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warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'powerline/bindings'
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warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'powerline/bindings'
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changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/powerline-lint from 644 to 755
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changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/powerline-daemon from 644 to 755
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changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/powerline-render from 644 to 755
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changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/powerline-config from 644 to 755
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changing mode of /usr/local/bin/powerline-config to 755
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changing mode of /usr/local/bin/powerline-lint to 755
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changing mode of /usr/local/bin/powerline-render to 755
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changing mode of /usr/local/bin/powerline-daemon to 755
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Successfully installed powerline-status
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Cleaning up...
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```
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### 第三步：在Linux中安装Powerline的字体
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Powerline使用特殊的符号来为开发者显示特殊的箭头效果和符号内容。因此你的系统中必须要有符号字体或者补丁字体。
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通过下面的[wget][5]命令下载最新的系统字体及字体配置文件。
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```
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# wget https://github.com/powerline/powerline/raw/develop/font/PowerlineSymbols.otf
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# wget https://github.com/powerline/powerline/raw/develop/font/10-powerline-symbols.conf
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```
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然后你将下载的字体放到字体目录下/usr/share/fonts或者/usr/local/share/fonts，或者你可以通过'xset q'命令找到一个有效的字体目录。
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```
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# mv PowerlineSymbols.otf /usr/share/fonts/
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```
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接下来你需要通过如下命令更新你系统的字体缓存。
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```
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# fc-cache -vf /usr/share/fonts/
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```
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其次安装字体配置文件。
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```
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# mv 10-powerline-symbols.conf /etc/fonts/conf.d/
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```
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注意：如果相应的符号没有出现，可以尝试关闭终端会话并重启X window，这样就会生效了。
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### 步骤4：给Bash Shell和Vim状态行设置Powerline
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在这一节将介绍bash shell和vim editor中关于Powerline的配置。首先通过在~/.bashrc中添加如下内容以便设置终端为256色。
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```
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export TERM=”screen-256color”
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```
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#### 打开Bash Shell中的Powerline
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如果希望在bash shell中默认打开Powerline，可以在~/.bashrc中添加如下内容。
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首先通过如下命令获取powerline的安装位置。
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```
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# pip show powerline-status
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Name: powerline-status
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Version: 2.2.dev9999-git.aa33599e3fb363ab7f2744ce95b7c6465eef7f08
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Location: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
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Requires:
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```
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一旦找到powerline的真正位置后，建议最好替换到下面的位置。
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```
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powerline-daemon -q
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POWERLINE_BASH_CONTINUATION=1
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POWERLINE_BASH_SELECT=1
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. /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/powerline/bindings/bash/powerline.sh
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```
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然后退出后重新登录，现在powerline的状态行应该如下显示了。
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[
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][6]
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现在切换目录并注意显示你当前路径的面包屑提示的变化。
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如果远程Linux服务器上安装了powerline，当你用ssh登录上去查看当前正在后台运行的任务时，会看到主机名提示发生变化。
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#### 在Vim中打开Powerline
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如果你喜欢使用vim，正好有一个vim的强力插件。可以在~/.vimrc中添加如下内容打开该插件。
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```
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set rtp+=/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/powerline/bindings/vim/
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set laststatus=2
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set t_Co=256
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```
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然后你打开vim后会看到一个新的状态行:
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[
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][7]
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### 总结
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Powerline可以在某些软件中提供颜色鲜艳、很优美的状态行及提示内容，这对编程环境有利。希望这篇指南对您有帮助，如果您需要帮助或者有任何好的想法，请留言给我。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介：
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我是Ravi Saive，TecMint的作者。一个喜欢分享诀窍和想法的电脑极客及Linux专家。我的大部分服务都运行在开源平台Linux中。关注我的Twitter，Facebook和Google+。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/powerline-adds-powerful-statuslines-and-prompts-to-vim-and-bash/
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作者：[Ravi Saive][a]
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译者：[beyondworld](https://github.com/beyondworld)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/admin/
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/vi-editor-usage/
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[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Install-Powerline-Statuslines-in-Linux.png
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[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Powerline-Vim-Statuslines.png
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[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/how-to-enable-epel-repository-for-rhel-centos-6-5/
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[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-wget-command-examples-in-linux/
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[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Bash-Powerline-Statuslines.gif
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[7]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Vim-Powerline-Statuslines.gif
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