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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (leommxj)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (5 Ways To Generate A Random/Strong Password In Linux Terminal)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/5-ways-to-generate-a-random-strong-password-in-linux-terminal/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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5 Ways To Generate A Random/Strong Password In Linux Terminal
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======
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Recently we had written an article about **[password strength and password score check][1]** in our website.
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It will help you to validate your password strength and score.
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We can manually create few passwords which we required but if you would like to generate a password for multiple users or servers, what will be the solution.
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Yes, there are many utilities are available in Linux to fulfill this requirements. However, I’m going to include the best five password generators in this article.
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These tools are generates a strong random passwords for you. Navigate to the following article if you would like to update the password on multiple users and servers.
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These tools are easy to use, that’s why i preferred to go with it. By default it will generate a strong password and if you would like to generate a super strong password then use the available options.
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It will help you to generate a super strong password in the following combination. It should have minimum 12-15 characters length, that includes Alphabets (Lower case & Upper case), Numbers and Special Characters.
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These tools are below.
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* `pwgen:` The pwgen program generates passwords which are designed to be easily memorized by humans, while being as secure as possible.
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* `openssl:` The openssl program is a command line tool for using the various cryptography functions of OpenSSL’s crypto library from the shell.
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* `gpg:` OpenPGP encryption and signing tool
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* `mkpasswd:` generate new password, optionally apply it to a user
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* `makepasswd:` makepasswd generates true random passwords using /dev/urandom, with the emphasis on security over pronounceability.
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* `/dev/urandom file:` The character special files /dev/random and /dev/urandom (present since Linux 1.3.30) provide an interface to the kernel’s random number generator.
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* `md5sum:` md5sum is a computer program that calculates and verifies 128-bit MD5 hashes.
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* `sha256sum:` The program sha256sum is designed to verify data integrity using the SHA-256 (SHA-2 family with a digest length of 256 bits).
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* `sha1pass:` sha1pass creates a SHA1 password hash. In the absence of a salt value on the command line, a random salt vector will be generated.
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### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using pwgen Command?
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The pwgen program generates passwords which are designed to be easily memorized by humans, while being as secure as possible.
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Human-memorable passwords are never going to be as secure as completely completely random passwords.
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Use `-s` option to generate completely random, hard-to-memorize passwords. These should only be used for machine passwords as we can’t memorize.
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For **`Fedora`** system, use **[DNF Command][2]** to install pwgen.
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```
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$ sudo dnf install pwgen
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```
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For **`Debian/Ubuntu`** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install pwgen.
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```
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$ sudo apt install pwgen
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```
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For **`Arch Linux`** based systems, use **[Pacman Command][5]** to install pwgen.
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```
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$ sudo pacman -S pwgen
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```
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For **`RHEL/CentOS`** systems, use **[YUM Command][6]** to install pwgen.
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```
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$ sudo yum install pwgen
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```
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For **`openSUSE Leap`** system, use **[Zypper Command][7]** to install pwgen.
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```
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$ sudo zypper install pwgen
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```
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### How To Use pwgen Command In Linux?
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It’s a simple and straight forward method. Use one of the below preferred examples for you. By default, it generates a human memorable password.
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To do so, simple run the `pwgen` command on your terminal. It generates 160 passwords in a single shot. These 160 passwords are printer with 20 rows and 8 columns.
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```
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$ pwgen
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ameiK2oo aibi3Cha EPium0Ie aisoh1Ee Nidee9ae uNga0Bee uPh9ieM1 ahn1ooNg
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oc5ooTea tai7eKid tae2yieS hiecaiR8 wohY2Ohk Uab2maed heC4aXoh Ob6Nieso
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Shaeriu3 uy9Juk5u hoht7Doo Fah6yah3 faz9Jeew eKiek4ju as0Xuosh Eiwo4epo
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oot8teeZ Ui1yoohi Aechae7A Ohdi2ael cae5Thoh Au1aeTei ais0aiC2 Cai2quin
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Oox9ohz4 neev0Che ahza8AQu Ahz7eica meiBeeW0 Av3bo7ah quoiTu3f taeNg3ae
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Aiko7Aiz SheiGh8E aesaeSh7 haet6Loo AeTel3oN Ath7zeer IeYah4ie UG3ootha
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Ohch9Och Phuap6su iel5Xu7s diqui7Bu ieF2dier eeluHa1u Thagei0i Ceeth3oh
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OCei1ahj zei2aiYo Jahgh1ia ooqu1Cej eez2aiPo Wahd5soo noo7Mei9 Hie5ashe
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Uith4Or2 Xie3uh2b fuF9Eilu eiN2sha9 zae2YaSh oGh5ephi ohvao4Ae aixu6aeM
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fo4Ierah iephei6A hae9eeGa eiBeiY3g Aic8Kee9 he8AheCh ohM4bid9 eemae3Zu
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eesh2EiM cheiGa4j PooV2vii ahpeeg5E aezauX2c Xe7aethu Ahvaph7a Joh2heec
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Ii5EeShi aij7Uo8e ooy2Ahth mieKe2ni eiQuu8fe giedaQu0 eiPhob3E oox1uo2U
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eehia4Hu ga9Ahw0a ohxuZei7 eV4OoXio Kid2wu1n ku4Ahf5s uigh8uQu AhWoh0po
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vo1Eeb2u Ahth7ve5 ieje4eiL ieci1Ach Meephie9 iephieY8 Eesoom7u eakai2Bo
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uo8Ieche Zai3aev5 aGhahf0E Wowoo5th Oraeb0ah Gah3nah0 ieGhah0p aeCh0OhJ
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ahQu2feZ ahQu0gah foik7Ush cei1Wai1 Aivi3ooY eephei5U MooZae3O quooRoh7
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aequae5U pae6Ceiv eizahF1k ohmi7ETa ahyaeK1N Mohw2no8 ooc8Oone coo7Ieve
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eePhei9h Weequ8eV Vie4iezu neeMiim4 ie6aiZoh Queegh2E shahwi3N Inichie8
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Sid1aeji mohj4Ko7 lieDi0pe Zeemah6a thuevu2E phi4Ohsh paiKeix1 ooz1Ceph
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ahV4yore ue2laePh fu1eThui qui7aePh Fahth1nu ohk9puLo aiBeez0b Neengai5
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```
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To generate a secure random password, use `-s` option with pwgen command.
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```
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$ pwgen -s
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CU75lgZd 7HzzKgtA 2ktBJDpR F6XJVhBs UjAm3bNL zO7Dw7JJ pxn8fUvp Ka3lLilG
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ywJX7iJl D9ajxb6N 78c1HOg2 g8vtWCra Jp6pBGBw oYuev9Vl gbA6gHV8 G6XQoVO5
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uQN98IU4 50GgQfrX FrTsou2t YQorO4x6 UGer8Yi2 O7DB5nw1 1ax370UR 1xVRPkA1
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RVaGDr2i Nt11ekUd 9Vm3D244 ck8Lnpd0 SjDt8uWn 5ERT4tf8 4EONFzyY Jc6T83jg
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WZa6bKPW H4HMo1YU bsDDRik3 gBwV7LOW 9H1QRQ4x 3Ak7RcSe IJu2RBF9 e508xrLC
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SzTrW191 AslxDa6E IkWWov2b iOb6EmTy qHt82OwG 5ZFO7B53 97zmjOPu A4KZuhYV
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uQpoJR4D 0eKyOiUr Rz96smeO 3HTABu3N 6W0VmEls uPsp5zpw 8UD3VkMG YTct6Rd4
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VKo0cVmq E07ZX7j9 kQSlvA69 Nm3fpv3i xWvF2xMu yEfcw8uA oQGVX3l9 grTzx7Xj
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s4GVEYtM uJl5sYMe n3icRPiY ED3Mup4B k3M9KHI7 IkxqoSM0 dt2cxmMU yb2tUkut
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2Q9wGZQx 8Rpo11s9 I13siOHu 7GV64Fjv 3VONzD8i SCDfVD3F oiPTx239 6BQakoiJ
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XUEokiC4 ybL7VGmL el2RfvWk zKc7CLcE 3FqNBSyA NjDWrvZ5 KI3NSX4h VFyo6VPr
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h4q3XeqZ FDYMoX6f uTU5ZzU3 6u4ob4Ep wiYPt05n CZga66qh upzH6Z9y RuVcqbe8
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taQv11hq 1xsY67a8 EVo9GLXA FCaDLGb1 bZyh0YN8 0nTKo0Qy RRVUwn9t DuU8mwwv
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x96LWpCb tFLz3fBG dNb4gCKf n6VYcOiH 1ep6QYFZ x8kaJtrY 56PDWuW6 1R0If4kV
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2XK0NLQK 4XQqhycl Ip08cn6c Bnx9z2Bz 7gjGlON7 CJxLR1U4 mqMwir3j ovGXWu0z
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MfDjk5m8 4KwM9SAN oz0fZ5eo 5m8iRtco oP5BpLh0 Z5kvwr1W f34O2O43 hXao1Sp8
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tKoG5VNI f13fuYvm BQQn8MD3 bmFSf6Mf Z4Y0o17U jT4wO1DG cz2clBES Lr4B3qIY
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ArKQRND6 8xnh4oIs nayiK2zG yWvQCV3v AFPlHSB8 zfx5bnaL t5lFbenk F2dIeBr4
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C6RqDQMy gKt28c9O ZCi0tQKE 0Ekdjh3P ox2vWOMI 14XF4gwc nYA0L6tV rRN3lekn
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lmwZNjz1 4ovmJAr7 shPl9o5f FFsuNwj0 F2eVkqGi 7gw277RZ nYE7gCLl JDn05S5N
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```
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If you would like to generate a strong five passwords with 14 characters length, use the following format.
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```
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$ pwgen -s 14 5
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7YxUwDyfxGVTYD em2NT6FceXjPfT u8jlrljbrclcTi IruIX3Xu0TFXRr X8M9cB6wKNot1e
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```
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If you really want to generate a super strong random twenty passwords, use the following format.
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```
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$ pwgen -cnys 14 20
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mQ3E=vfGfZ,5[B #zmj{i5|ZS){jg Ht_8i7OqJ%N`~2 443fa5iJ\W-L?] ?Qs$o=vz2vgQBR
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^'Ry0Az|J9p2+0 t2oA/n7U_'|QRx EsX*%_(4./QCRJ ACr-,8yF9&eM[* !Xz1C'bw?tv50o
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8hfv-fK(VxwQGS q!qj?sD7Xmkb7^ N#Zp\_Y2kr%!)~ 4*pwYs{bq]Hh&Y |4u=-Q1!jS~8=;
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]{$N#FPX1L2B{h I|01fcK.z?QTz" l~]JD_,W%5bp.E +i2=D3;BQ}p+$I n.a3,.D3VQ3~&i
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```
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### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using openssl Command?
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The openssl program is a command line tool for using the various cryptography functions of OpenSSL’s crypto library from the shell.
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Run the openssl command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters.
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```
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$ openssl rand -base64 14
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WjzyDqdkWf3e53tJw/c=
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```
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If you would like to generate ten random strong password with 14 characters using openssl command then use the following for loop.
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```
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$ for pw in {1..10}; do openssl rand -base64 14; done
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6i0hgHDBi3ohZ9Mil8I=
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gtn+y1bVFJFanpJqWaA=
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rYu+wy+0nwLf5lk7TBA=
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xrdNGykIzxaKDiLF2Bw=
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cltejRkDPdFPC/zI0Pg=
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G6aroK6d4xVVYFTrZGs=
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jJEnFoOk1+UTSx/wJrY=
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TFxVjBmLx9aivXB3yxE=
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oQtOLPwTuO8df7dIv9I=
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ktpBpCSQFOD+5kIIe7Y=
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```
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### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using gpg Command?
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gpg is the OpenPGP part of the GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG). It is a tool to provide digital encryption and signing services using the OpenPGP standard. gpg features complete key management and all the bells and whistles you would expect from a full OpenPGP implementation.
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Run the gpg command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters.
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```
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$ gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14
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or
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$ gpg2 --gen-random --armor 1 14
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jq1mtY4gBa6gIuJrggM=
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```
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If you would like to generate ten random strong password with 14 characters using gpg command then use the following for loop.
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```
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$ for pw in {1..10}; do gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14; done
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or
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$ for pw in {1..10}; do gpg2 --gen-random --armor 1 14; done
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F5ZzLSUMet2kefG6Ssc=
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8hh7BFNs8Qu0cnrvHrY=
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B+PEt28CosR5xO05/sQ=
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m21bfx6UG1cBDzVGKcE=
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wALosRXnBgmOC6+++xU=
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TGpjT5xRxo/zFq/lNeg=
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ggsKxVgpB/3aSOY15W4=
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iUlezWxL626CPc9omTI=
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pYb7xQwI1NTlM2rxaCg=
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eJjhtA6oHhBrUpLY4fM=
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```
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### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using mkpasswd Command?
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mkpasswd generates passwords and can apply them automatically to users. With no arguments, mkpasswd returns a new password. It’s part of an expect package so, you have to install expect package to use mkpasswd command.
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For **`Fedora`** system, use **[DNF Command][2]** to install mkpasswd.
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```
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$ sudo dnf install expect
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```
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|
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For **`Debian/Ubuntu`** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mkpasswd.
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```
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$ sudo apt install expect
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```
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For **`Arch Linux`** based systems, use **[Pacman Command][5]** to install mkpasswd.
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```
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$ sudo pacman -S expect
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```
|
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For **`RHEL/CentOS`** systems, use **[YUM Command][6]** to install mkpasswd.
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|
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```
|
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$ sudo yum install expect
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```
|
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|
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For **`openSUSE Leap`** system, use **[Zypper Command][7]** to install mkpasswd.
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|
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```
|
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$ sudo zypper install expect
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```
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|
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Run the `mkpasswd` command in terminal to generate a random password.
|
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```
|
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$ mkpasswd
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37_slQepD
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```
|
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|
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Run the mkpasswd command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters.
|
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```
|
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$ mkpasswd -l 14
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W1qP1uv=lhghgh
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```
|
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|
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Run the mkpasswd command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters. It combinations of alphabetic (Lower & Upper case), Numeric number and special characters.
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|
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```
|
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$ mkpasswd -l 14 -d 3 -C 3 -s 3
|
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3aad!bMWG49"t,
|
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```
|
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|
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If you would like to generate ten random strong password with 14 characters (It combination of alphabetic (Lower & Upper case), Numeric number and special characters) using mkpasswd command then use the following for loop.
|
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|
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```
|
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$ for pw in {1..10}; do mkpasswd -l 14 -d 3 -C 3 -s 3; done
|
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zmSwP[q9;P1r6[
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E42zcvzM"i3%B\
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8}1#[email protected]
|
|
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0X:zB(mmU22?nj
|
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0sqqL44M}ko(O^
|
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43tQ(.6jG;ceRq
|
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-jB6cp3x1GZ$e=
|
|
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$of?Rj9kb2N(1J
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9HCf,nn#gjO79^
|
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Tu9m56+Ev_Yso(
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```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using makepasswd Command?
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
makepasswd generates true random passwords using /dev/urandom, with the emphasis on security over pronounceability. It can also encrypt plaintext passwords given on the command line.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Run the `makepasswd` command in terminal to generate a random password.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
$ makepasswd
|
|
||||||
HdCJafVaN
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Run the makepasswd command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
$ makepasswd --chars 14
|
|
||||||
HxJDv5quavrqmU
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Run the makepasswd command with the following format to generate ten random strong password with 14 characters.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
$ makepasswd --chars 14 --count 10
|
|
||||||
TqmKVWnRGeoVNr
|
|
||||||
mPV2P98hLRUsai
|
|
||||||
MhMXPwyzYi2RLo
|
|
||||||
dxMGgLmoFpYivi
|
|
||||||
8p0G7JvJjd6qUP
|
|
||||||
7SmX95MiJcQauV
|
|
||||||
KWzrh5npAjvNmL
|
|
||||||
oHPKdq1uA9tU85
|
|
||||||
V1su9GjU2oIGiQ
|
|
||||||
M2TMCEoahzLNYC
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using Multiple Commands?
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Still if you are looking other options then you can use the following utilities to generate a random password in Linux.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Using md5sum:** md5sum is a computer program that calculates and verifies 128-bit MD5 hashes.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
$ date | md5sum
|
|
||||||
9baf96fb6e8cbd99601d97a5c3acc2c4 -
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Using /dev/urandom:** The character special files /dev/random and /dev/urandom (present since Linux 1.3.30) provide an interface to the kernel’s random number generator. File /dev/random has major device number 1 and minor device number 8. File /dev/urandom has major device number 1 and minor device number 9.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
$ cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | head -c 14
|
|
||||||
15LQB9J84Btnzz
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Using sha256sum:** The program sha256sum is designed to verify data integrity using the SHA-256 (SHA-2 family with a digest length of 256 bits).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
$ date | sha256sum
|
|
||||||
a114ae5c458ae0d366e1b673d558d921bb937e568d9329b525cf32290478826a -
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Using sha1pass:** sha1pass creates a SHA1 password hash. In the absence of a salt value on the command line, a random salt vector will be generated.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
$ sha1pass
|
|
||||||
$4$9+JvykOv$e7U0jMJL2yBOL+RVa2Eke8SETEo$
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/5-ways-to-generate-a-random-strong-password-in-linux-terminal/
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
|
||||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
|
||||||
译者：[leommx](https://github.com/leommxj)
|
|
||||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
|
||||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
|
||||||
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-password-complexity-strength-and-score-in-linux/
|
|
||||||
[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples-manage-packages-fedora-system/
|
|
||||||
[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
|
|
||||||
[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
|
|
||||||
[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/pacman-command-examples-manage-packages-arch-linux-system/
|
|
||||||
[6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/
|
|
||||||
[7]: https://www.2daygeek.com/zypper-command-examples-manage-packages-opensuse-system/
|
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
|
|||||||
|
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||||
|
[#]: translator: (leommxj)
|
||||||
|
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: subject: (5 Ways To Generate A Random/Strong Password In Linux Terminal)
|
||||||
|
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/5-ways-to-generate-a-random-strong-password-in-linux-terminal/)
|
||||||
|
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在 Linux 终端下生成随机/强密码的五种方法
|
||||||
|
======
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
最近我们在网站上发表过一篇关于 **[密码强度与密码分数检查][1]** 的文章。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
它可以帮助你检查你的密码的强度和分数。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
我们可以手工创建我们需要的密码。但如果你想要为多个用户或服务器生成密码，解决方案是什么呢？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
是的，Linux 中有许多可用的工具能满足这个需求。本文中我将会介绍五种最好的密码生成器。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这些工具可以为你生成高强度随机密码。如果你想要为多个用户和服务器更新密码，请继续读下去。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这些工具易于使用，这也是我喜欢用它们的原因。默认情况下它们会生成一个足够强壮的密码，你也可以通过使用其他可用的选项来生成一个超强的密码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
它会帮助你生成符合下列要求的超强密码。密码长度至少有 12-15 个字符，包括字母（大写及小写），数字及特殊符号。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
工具如下：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* `pwgen:` pwgen 程序生成易于人类记忆并且尽可能安全的密码。
|
||||||
|
* `openssl:` openssl 是一个用来从 shell 中调用 OpenSSL 加密库提供的多种密码学函数的命令行工具。
|
||||||
|
* `gpg:` OpenPGP 加密/签名工具。
|
||||||
|
* `mkpasswd:` 生成新密码，可以选择直接应用给一名用户。
|
||||||
|
* `makepasswd:` makepasswd 使用 /dev/urandom 生成真随机密码，比起好记它更重视安全性。
|
||||||
|
* `/dev/urandom file` 两个特殊的字符文件 /dev/random 和 /dev/urandom （自 Linux 1.3.30 起） 提供了内核随机数生成器的接口。
|
||||||
|
* `md5sum:` md5sum 是一个用来计算及校验 128-bit MD5 哈希的程序。
|
||||||
|
* `sha256sum:` sha256sum 被设计用来使用 SHA-256 算法（SHA-2系列，摘要长度为256位）校验数据完整性。
|
||||||
|
* `sha1pass:` sha1pass 生成一个 SHA1 密码哈希。在命令缺少盐值的情况下，将会生成一个随机的盐值向量。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 怎么用 pwgen 命令在 linux 下生成一个随机的强壮密码？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
pwgen 程序生成易于人类记忆并且尽可能安全的密码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
易于人类记忆的密码永远都不会像完全随机的密码一样安全。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
使用 `-s` 选项来生成完全随机，难于记忆的密码。由于我们记不住，这些密码应该只用于机器。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在 **`Fedora`** 系统中，使用 **[DNF 命令][2]** 来安装 pwgen。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ sudo dnf install pwgen
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在 **`Debian/Ubuntu`** 系统中，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 来安装 pwgen。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ sudo apt install pwgen
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在 **`Arch Linux`** 系统中，使用 **[Pacman 命令][5]** 来安装 pwgen。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ sudo pacman -S pwgen
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在 **`RHEL/CentOS`** 系统中，使用 **[YUM 命令][6]** 来安装 pwgen。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ sudo yum install pwgen
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在 **`openSUSE Leap`** 系统中，使用 **[Zypper 命令][7]** 来安装pwgen。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ sudo zypper install pwgen
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 在 Linux 下如何使用 pwgen 命令？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
使用方法非常简单直接。使用下列示例中更适合你的那种。默认情况下，它会生成一个方便记忆的密码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
想要这样做，只要在你的终端中运行 `pwgen` 命令。将会一下生成160个密码以8列20行打印出来。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ pwgen
|
||||||
|
ameiK2oo aibi3Cha EPium0Ie aisoh1Ee Nidee9ae uNga0Bee uPh9ieM1 ahn1ooNg
|
||||||
|
oc5ooTea tai7eKid tae2yieS hiecaiR8 wohY2Ohk Uab2maed heC4aXoh Ob6Nieso
|
||||||
|
Shaeriu3 uy9Juk5u hoht7Doo Fah6yah3 faz9Jeew eKiek4ju as0Xuosh Eiwo4epo
|
||||||
|
oot8teeZ Ui1yoohi Aechae7A Ohdi2ael cae5Thoh Au1aeTei ais0aiC2 Cai2quin
|
||||||
|
Oox9ohz4 neev0Che ahza8AQu Ahz7eica meiBeeW0 Av3bo7ah quoiTu3f taeNg3ae
|
||||||
|
Aiko7Aiz SheiGh8E aesaeSh7 haet6Loo AeTel3oN Ath7zeer IeYah4ie UG3ootha
|
||||||
|
Ohch9Och Phuap6su iel5Xu7s diqui7Bu ieF2dier eeluHa1u Thagei0i Ceeth3oh
|
||||||
|
OCei1ahj zei2aiYo Jahgh1ia ooqu1Cej eez2aiPo Wahd5soo noo7Mei9 Hie5ashe
|
||||||
|
Uith4Or2 Xie3uh2b fuF9Eilu eiN2sha9 zae2YaSh oGh5ephi ohvao4Ae aixu6aeM
|
||||||
|
fo4Ierah iephei6A hae9eeGa eiBeiY3g Aic8Kee9 he8AheCh ohM4bid9 eemae3Zu
|
||||||
|
eesh2EiM cheiGa4j PooV2vii ahpeeg5E aezauX2c Xe7aethu Ahvaph7a Joh2heec
|
||||||
|
Ii5EeShi aij7Uo8e ooy2Ahth mieKe2ni eiQuu8fe giedaQu0 eiPhob3E oox1uo2U
|
||||||
|
eehia4Hu ga9Ahw0a ohxuZei7 eV4OoXio Kid2wu1n ku4Ahf5s uigh8uQu AhWoh0po
|
||||||
|
vo1Eeb2u Ahth7ve5 ieje4eiL ieci1Ach Meephie9 iephieY8 Eesoom7u eakai2Bo
|
||||||
|
uo8Ieche Zai3aev5 aGhahf0E Wowoo5th Oraeb0ah Gah3nah0 ieGhah0p aeCh0OhJ
|
||||||
|
ahQu2feZ ahQu0gah foik7Ush cei1Wai1 Aivi3ooY eephei5U MooZae3O quooRoh7
|
||||||
|
aequae5U pae6Ceiv eizahF1k ohmi7ETa ahyaeK1N Mohw2no8 ooc8Oone coo7Ieve
|
||||||
|
eePhei9h Weequ8eV Vie4iezu neeMiim4 ie6aiZoh Queegh2E shahwi3N Inichie8
|
||||||
|
Sid1aeji mohj4Ko7 lieDi0pe Zeemah6a thuevu2E phi4Ohsh paiKeix1 ooz1Ceph
|
||||||
|
ahV4yore ue2laePh fu1eThui qui7aePh Fahth1nu ohk9puLo aiBeez0b Neengai5
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
生成安全的随机密码，使用 pwgen 命令的 `-s` 选项。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ pwgen -s
|
||||||
|
CU75lgZd 7HzzKgtA 2ktBJDpR F6XJVhBs UjAm3bNL zO7Dw7JJ pxn8fUvp Ka3lLilG
|
||||||
|
ywJX7iJl D9ajxb6N 78c1HOg2 g8vtWCra Jp6pBGBw oYuev9Vl gbA6gHV8 G6XQoVO5
|
||||||
|
uQN98IU4 50GgQfrX FrTsou2t YQorO4x6 UGer8Yi2 O7DB5nw1 1ax370UR 1xVRPkA1
|
||||||
|
RVaGDr2i Nt11ekUd 9Vm3D244 ck8Lnpd0 SjDt8uWn 5ERT4tf8 4EONFzyY Jc6T83jg
|
||||||
|
WZa6bKPW H4HMo1YU bsDDRik3 gBwV7LOW 9H1QRQ4x 3Ak7RcSe IJu2RBF9 e508xrLC
|
||||||
|
SzTrW191 AslxDa6E IkWWov2b iOb6EmTy qHt82OwG 5ZFO7B53 97zmjOPu A4KZuhYV
|
||||||
|
uQpoJR4D 0eKyOiUr Rz96smeO 3HTABu3N 6W0VmEls uPsp5zpw 8UD3VkMG YTct6Rd4
|
||||||
|
VKo0cVmq E07ZX7j9 kQSlvA69 Nm3fpv3i xWvF2xMu yEfcw8uA oQGVX3l9 grTzx7Xj
|
||||||
|
s4GVEYtM uJl5sYMe n3icRPiY ED3Mup4B k3M9KHI7 IkxqoSM0 dt2cxmMU yb2tUkut
|
||||||
|
2Q9wGZQx 8Rpo11s9 I13siOHu 7GV64Fjv 3VONzD8i SCDfVD3F oiPTx239 6BQakoiJ
|
||||||
|
XUEokiC4 ybL7VGmL el2RfvWk zKc7CLcE 3FqNBSyA NjDWrvZ5 KI3NSX4h VFyo6VPr
|
||||||
|
h4q3XeqZ FDYMoX6f uTU5ZzU3 6u4ob4Ep wiYPt05n CZga66qh upzH6Z9y RuVcqbe8
|
||||||
|
taQv11hq 1xsY67a8 EVo9GLXA FCaDLGb1 bZyh0YN8 0nTKo0Qy RRVUwn9t DuU8mwwv
|
||||||
|
x96LWpCb tFLz3fBG dNb4gCKf n6VYcOiH 1ep6QYFZ x8kaJtrY 56PDWuW6 1R0If4kV
|
||||||
|
2XK0NLQK 4XQqhycl Ip08cn6c Bnx9z2Bz 7gjGlON7 CJxLR1U4 mqMwir3j ovGXWu0z
|
||||||
|
MfDjk5m8 4KwM9SAN oz0fZ5eo 5m8iRtco oP5BpLh0 Z5kvwr1W f34O2O43 hXao1Sp8
|
||||||
|
tKoG5VNI f13fuYvm BQQn8MD3 bmFSf6Mf Z4Y0o17U jT4wO1DG cz2clBES Lr4B3qIY
|
||||||
|
ArKQRND6 8xnh4oIs nayiK2zG yWvQCV3v AFPlHSB8 zfx5bnaL t5lFbenk F2dIeBr4
|
||||||
|
C6RqDQMy gKt28c9O ZCi0tQKE 0Ekdjh3P ox2vWOMI 14XF4gwc nYA0L6tV rRN3lekn
|
||||||
|
lmwZNjz1 4ovmJAr7 shPl9o5f FFsuNwj0 F2eVkqGi 7gw277RZ nYE7gCLl JDn05S5N
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
假设你想要生成五个14字符长的密码，方法如下。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ pwgen -s 14 5
|
||||||
|
7YxUwDyfxGVTYD em2NT6FceXjPfT u8jlrljbrclcTi IruIX3Xu0TFXRr X8M9cB6wKNot1e
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果你真的想要生成20个超强随机密码，方法如下。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ pwgen -cnys 14 20
|
||||||
|
mQ3E=vfGfZ,5[B #zmj{i5|ZS){jg Ht_8i7OqJ%N`~2 443fa5iJ\W-L?] ?Qs$o=vz2vgQBR
|
||||||
|
^'Ry0Az|J9p2+0 t2oA/n7U_'|QRx EsX*%_(4./QCRJ ACr-,8yF9&eM[* !Xz1C'bw?tv50o
|
||||||
|
8hfv-fK(VxwQGS q!qj?sD7Xmkb7^ N#Zp\_Y2kr%!)~ 4*pwYs{bq]Hh&Y |4u=-Q1!jS~8=;
|
||||||
|
]{$N#FPX1L2B{h I|01fcK.z?QTz" l~]JD_,W%5bp.E +i2=D3;BQ}p+$I n.a3,.D3VQ3~&i
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 如何在 Linux 下使用 openssl 命令生成随机强密码？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
openssl 是一个用来从 shell 中调用 OpenSSL 加密库提供的多种密码学函数的命令行工具。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
像下面这样运行 openssl 命令可以生成一个14字符长的随机强密码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ openssl rand -base64 14
|
||||||
|
WjzyDqdkWf3e53tJw/c=
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果你想要生成十个14字符长的随机强密码，将 openssl 命令与 for 循环结合起来使用。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ for pw in {1..10}; do openssl rand -base64 14; done
|
||||||
|
6i0hgHDBi3ohZ9Mil8I=
|
||||||
|
gtn+y1bVFJFanpJqWaA=
|
||||||
|
rYu+wy+0nwLf5lk7TBA=
|
||||||
|
xrdNGykIzxaKDiLF2Bw=
|
||||||
|
cltejRkDPdFPC/zI0Pg=
|
||||||
|
G6aroK6d4xVVYFTrZGs=
|
||||||
|
jJEnFoOk1+UTSx/wJrY=
|
||||||
|
TFxVjBmLx9aivXB3yxE=
|
||||||
|
oQtOLPwTuO8df7dIv9I=
|
||||||
|
ktpBpCSQFOD+5kIIe7Y=
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 如何在 Linux 下使用 gpg 命令生成随机强密码？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
gpg 是 Gnu Privacy Guard （GnuPG） 中的 OpenPGP 实现部分。它是一个提供 OpenPGP 标准的数字加密与签名服务的工具。gpg 具有完整的密钥管理功能和其他完整 OpenPGP 实现应该具备的全部功能。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
下面这样执行 gpg 命令来生成一个14字符长的随机强密码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14
|
||||||
|
or
|
||||||
|
$ gpg2 --gen-random --armor 1 14
|
||||||
|
jq1mtY4gBa6gIuJrggM=
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果想要使用 gpg 生成十个14字符长的随机强密码，像下面这样使用 for 循环。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ for pw in {1..10}; do gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14; done
|
||||||
|
or
|
||||||
|
$ for pw in {1..10}; do gpg2 --gen-random --armor 1 14; done
|
||||||
|
F5ZzLSUMet2kefG6Ssc=
|
||||||
|
8hh7BFNs8Qu0cnrvHrY=
|
||||||
|
B+PEt28CosR5xO05/sQ=
|
||||||
|
m21bfx6UG1cBDzVGKcE=
|
||||||
|
wALosRXnBgmOC6+++xU=
|
||||||
|
TGpjT5xRxo/zFq/lNeg=
|
||||||
|
ggsKxVgpB/3aSOY15W4=
|
||||||
|
iUlezWxL626CPc9omTI=
|
||||||
|
pYb7xQwI1NTlM2rxaCg=
|
||||||
|
eJjhtA6oHhBrUpLY4fM=
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 如何在 Linux 下使用 mkpasswd 命令生成随机强密码？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
mkpasswd 生成密码并可以自动将其应用在用户上。不加任何参数的情况下，mkpasswd 返回一个新的密码。它是 expect 软件包的一部分，所以想要使用 mkpasswd 命令，你需要安装 expect 软件包。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在 **`Fedora`** 系统中，使用 **[DNF 命令][2]** 来安装 mkpasswd。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ sudo dnf install expect
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在 **`Debian/Ubuntu`** 系统中，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 来安装 mkpasswd。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ sudo apt install expect
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在 **`Arch Linux`** 系统中，使用 **[Pacman 命令][5]** 来安装 mkpasswd。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ sudo pacman -S expect
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在 **`RHEL/CentOS`** 系统中，使用 **[YUM 命令][6]** 来安装 mkpasswd。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ sudo yum install expect
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在 **`openSUSE Leap`** 系统中，使用 **[Zypper 命令][7]** 来安装 mkpasswd。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ sudo zypper install expect
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在终端中执行 `mkpasswd` 命令来生成一个随机密码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ mkpasswd
|
||||||
|
37_slQepD
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
像下面这样执行 mkpasswd 命令可以生成一个14字符长的随机强密码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ mkpasswd -l 14
|
||||||
|
W1qP1uv=lhghgh
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
像下面这样执行 mkpasswd 命令 来生成一个14字符长，包含大小写字母、数字和特殊字符的随机强密码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ mkpasswd -l 14 -d 3 -C 3 -s 3
|
||||||
|
3aad!bMWG49"t,
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果你想要生成十个14字符长的随机强密码(包括大小写字母、数字和特殊字符)，使用 for 循环和 mkpasswd 命令。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ for pw in {1..10}; do mkpasswd -l 14 -d 3 -C 3 -s 3; done
|
||||||
|
zmSwP[q9;P1r6[
|
||||||
|
E42zcvzM"i3%B\
|
||||||
|
8}1#[email protected]
|
||||||
|
0X:zB(mmU22?nj
|
||||||
|
0sqqL44M}ko(O^
|
||||||
|
43tQ(.6jG;ceRq
|
||||||
|
-jB6cp3x1GZ$e=
|
||||||
|
$of?Rj9kb2N(1J
|
||||||
|
9HCf,nn#gjO79^
|
||||||
|
Tu9m56+Ev_Yso(
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using makepasswd Command?
|
||||||
|
### 如何在 Linux 下使用 makepasswd 命令生成随机强密码？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
makepasswd 使用 /dev/urandom 生成真随机密码，跟易于记忆相比它更注重安全性。它也可以加密命令行中给出的明文密码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在终端中执行 `makepasswd` 命令来生成一个随机密码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ makepasswd
|
||||||
|
HdCJafVaN
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在终端中像下面这样执行 makepasswd 命令来生成14字符长的随机强密码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ makepasswd --chars 14
|
||||||
|
HxJDv5quavrqmU
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
像下面这样执行 makepasswd 来生成十个14字符长的随机强密码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ makepasswd --chars 14 --count 10
|
||||||
|
TqmKVWnRGeoVNr
|
||||||
|
mPV2P98hLRUsai
|
||||||
|
MhMXPwyzYi2RLo
|
||||||
|
dxMGgLmoFpYivi
|
||||||
|
8p0G7JvJjd6qUP
|
||||||
|
7SmX95MiJcQauV
|
||||||
|
KWzrh5npAjvNmL
|
||||||
|
oHPKdq1uA9tU85
|
||||||
|
V1su9GjU2oIGiQ
|
||||||
|
M2TMCEoahzLNYC
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 如何在 Linux 系统中使用多个命令生成随机强密码？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果你还在寻找其他的方案，下面的工具也可以用来在 Linux 中生成随机密码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**使用 md5sum** md5sum 是一个用来计算及校验 128-bit MD5 哈希的程序。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ date | md5sum
|
||||||
|
9baf96fb6e8cbd99601d97a5c3acc2c4 -
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**使用 /dev/urandom:** 两个特殊的字符文件 /dev/random 和 /dev/urandom （自 Linux 1.3.30 起） 提供了内核随机数生成器的接口。/dev/random 的主设备号为1，次设备号为8。/dev/urandom 主设备号为1，次设备号为9。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | head -c 14
|
||||||
|
15LQB9J84Btnzz
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**使用 sha256sum:** sha256sum 被设计用来使用 SHA-256 算法（SHA-2系列，摘要长度为256位）校验数据完整性。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ date | sha256sum
|
||||||
|
a114ae5c458ae0d366e1b673d558d921bb937e568d9329b525cf32290478826a -
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**使用 sha1pass:** sha1pass 生成一个 SHA1 密码哈希。在命令缺少盐值的情况下，将会生成一个随机的盐值向量。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
$ sha1pass
|
||||||
|
$4$9+JvykOv$e7U0jMJL2yBOL+RVa2Eke8SETEo$
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/5-ways-to-generate-a-random-strong-password-in-linux-terminal/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||||||
|
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||||
|
译者：[leommx](https://github.com/leommxj)
|
||||||
|
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||||||
|
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||||
|
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-password-complexity-strength-and-score-in-linux/
|
||||||
|
[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples-manage-packages-fedora-system/
|
||||||
|
[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
|
||||||
|
[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
|
||||||
|
[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/pacman-command-examples-manage-packages-arch-linux-system/
|
||||||
|
[6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/
|
||||||
|
[7]: https://www.2daygeek.com/zypper-command-examples-manage-packages-opensuse-system/
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user