diff --git a/sources/tech/20190305 5 Ways To Generate A Random-Strong Password In Linux Terminal.md b/sources/tech/20190305 5 Ways To Generate A Random-Strong Password In Linux Terminal.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4458722bbc..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20190305 5 Ways To Generate A Random-Strong Password In Linux Terminal.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,366 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (leommxj) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (5 Ways To Generate A Random/Strong Password In Linux Terminal) -[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/5-ways-to-generate-a-random-strong-password-in-linux-terminal/) -[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) - -5 Ways To Generate A Random/Strong Password In Linux Terminal -====== - -Recently we had written an article about **[password strength and password score check][1]** in our website. - -It will help you to validate your password strength and score. - -We can manually create few passwords which we required but if you would like to generate a password for multiple users or servers, what will be the solution. - -Yes, there are many utilities are available in Linux to fulfill this requirements. However, I’m going to include the best five password generators in this article. - -These tools are generates a strong random passwords for you. Navigate to the following article if you would like to update the password on multiple users and servers. - -These tools are easy to use, that’s why i preferred to go with it. By default it will generate a strong password and if you would like to generate a super strong password then use the available options. - -It will help you to generate a super strong password in the following combination. It should have minimum 12-15 characters length, that includes Alphabets (Lower case & Upper case), Numbers and Special Characters. - -These tools are below. - - * `pwgen:` The pwgen program generates passwords which are designed to be easily memorized by humans, while being as secure as possible. - * `openssl:` The openssl program is a command line tool for using the various cryptography functions of OpenSSL’s crypto library from the shell. - * `gpg:` OpenPGP encryption and signing tool - * `mkpasswd:` generate new password, optionally apply it to a user - * `makepasswd:` makepasswd generates true random passwords using /dev/urandom, with the emphasis on security over pronounceability. - * `/dev/urandom file:` The character special files /dev/random and /dev/urandom (present since Linux 1.3.30) provide an interface to the kernel’s random number generator. - * `md5sum:` md5sum is a computer program that calculates and verifies 128-bit MD5 hashes. - * `sha256sum:` The program sha256sum is designed to verify data integrity using the SHA-256 (SHA-2 family with a digest length of 256 bits). - * `sha1pass:` sha1pass creates a SHA1 password hash. In the absence of a salt value on the command line, a random salt vector will be generated. - - - -### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using pwgen Command? - -The pwgen program generates passwords which are designed to be easily memorized by humans, while being as secure as possible. - -Human-memorable passwords are never going to be as secure as completely completely random passwords. - -Use `-s` option to generate completely random, hard-to-memorize passwords. These should only be used for machine passwords as we can’t memorize. - -For **`Fedora`** system, use **[DNF Command][2]** to install pwgen. - -``` -$ sudo dnf install pwgen -``` - -For **`Debian/Ubuntu`** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install pwgen. - -``` -$ sudo apt install pwgen -``` - -For **`Arch Linux`** based systems, use **[Pacman Command][5]** to install pwgen. - -``` -$ sudo pacman -S pwgen -``` - -For **`RHEL/CentOS`** systems, use **[YUM Command][6]** to install pwgen. - -``` -$ sudo yum install pwgen -``` - -For **`openSUSE Leap`** system, use **[Zypper Command][7]** to install pwgen. - -``` -$ sudo zypper install pwgen -``` - -### How To Use pwgen Command In Linux? - -It’s a simple and straight forward method. Use one of the below preferred examples for you. By default, it generates a human memorable password. - -To do so, simple run the `pwgen` command on your terminal. It generates 160 passwords in a single shot. These 160 passwords are printer with 20 rows and 8 columns. - -``` -$ pwgen -ameiK2oo aibi3Cha EPium0Ie aisoh1Ee Nidee9ae uNga0Bee uPh9ieM1 ahn1ooNg -oc5ooTea tai7eKid tae2yieS hiecaiR8 wohY2Ohk Uab2maed heC4aXoh Ob6Nieso -Shaeriu3 uy9Juk5u hoht7Doo Fah6yah3 faz9Jeew eKiek4ju as0Xuosh Eiwo4epo -oot8teeZ Ui1yoohi Aechae7A Ohdi2ael cae5Thoh Au1aeTei ais0aiC2 Cai2quin -Oox9ohz4 neev0Che ahza8AQu Ahz7eica meiBeeW0 Av3bo7ah quoiTu3f taeNg3ae -Aiko7Aiz SheiGh8E aesaeSh7 haet6Loo AeTel3oN Ath7zeer IeYah4ie UG3ootha -Ohch9Och Phuap6su iel5Xu7s diqui7Bu ieF2dier eeluHa1u Thagei0i Ceeth3oh -OCei1ahj zei2aiYo Jahgh1ia ooqu1Cej eez2aiPo Wahd5soo noo7Mei9 Hie5ashe -Uith4Or2 Xie3uh2b fuF9Eilu eiN2sha9 zae2YaSh oGh5ephi ohvao4Ae aixu6aeM -fo4Ierah iephei6A hae9eeGa eiBeiY3g Aic8Kee9 he8AheCh ohM4bid9 eemae3Zu -eesh2EiM cheiGa4j PooV2vii ahpeeg5E aezauX2c Xe7aethu Ahvaph7a Joh2heec -Ii5EeShi aij7Uo8e ooy2Ahth mieKe2ni eiQuu8fe giedaQu0 eiPhob3E oox1uo2U -eehia4Hu ga9Ahw0a ohxuZei7 eV4OoXio Kid2wu1n ku4Ahf5s uigh8uQu AhWoh0po -vo1Eeb2u Ahth7ve5 ieje4eiL ieci1Ach Meephie9 iephieY8 Eesoom7u eakai2Bo -uo8Ieche Zai3aev5 aGhahf0E Wowoo5th Oraeb0ah Gah3nah0 ieGhah0p aeCh0OhJ -ahQu2feZ ahQu0gah foik7Ush cei1Wai1 Aivi3ooY eephei5U MooZae3O quooRoh7 -aequae5U pae6Ceiv eizahF1k ohmi7ETa ahyaeK1N Mohw2no8 ooc8Oone coo7Ieve -eePhei9h Weequ8eV Vie4iezu neeMiim4 ie6aiZoh Queegh2E shahwi3N Inichie8 -Sid1aeji mohj4Ko7 lieDi0pe Zeemah6a thuevu2E phi4Ohsh paiKeix1 ooz1Ceph -ahV4yore ue2laePh fu1eThui qui7aePh Fahth1nu ohk9puLo aiBeez0b Neengai5 -``` - -To generate a secure random password, use `-s` option with pwgen command. - -``` -$ pwgen -s -CU75lgZd 7HzzKgtA 2ktBJDpR F6XJVhBs UjAm3bNL zO7Dw7JJ pxn8fUvp Ka3lLilG -ywJX7iJl D9ajxb6N 78c1HOg2 g8vtWCra Jp6pBGBw oYuev9Vl gbA6gHV8 G6XQoVO5 -uQN98IU4 50GgQfrX FrTsou2t YQorO4x6 UGer8Yi2 O7DB5nw1 1ax370UR 1xVRPkA1 -RVaGDr2i Nt11ekUd 9Vm3D244 ck8Lnpd0 SjDt8uWn 5ERT4tf8 4EONFzyY Jc6T83jg -WZa6bKPW H4HMo1YU bsDDRik3 gBwV7LOW 9H1QRQ4x 3Ak7RcSe IJu2RBF9 e508xrLC -SzTrW191 AslxDa6E IkWWov2b iOb6EmTy qHt82OwG 5ZFO7B53 97zmjOPu A4KZuhYV -uQpoJR4D 0eKyOiUr Rz96smeO 3HTABu3N 6W0VmEls uPsp5zpw 8UD3VkMG YTct6Rd4 -VKo0cVmq E07ZX7j9 kQSlvA69 Nm3fpv3i xWvF2xMu yEfcw8uA oQGVX3l9 grTzx7Xj -s4GVEYtM uJl5sYMe n3icRPiY ED3Mup4B k3M9KHI7 IkxqoSM0 dt2cxmMU yb2tUkut -2Q9wGZQx 8Rpo11s9 I13siOHu 7GV64Fjv 3VONzD8i SCDfVD3F oiPTx239 6BQakoiJ -XUEokiC4 ybL7VGmL el2RfvWk zKc7CLcE 3FqNBSyA NjDWrvZ5 KI3NSX4h VFyo6VPr -h4q3XeqZ FDYMoX6f uTU5ZzU3 6u4ob4Ep wiYPt05n CZga66qh upzH6Z9y RuVcqbe8 -taQv11hq 1xsY67a8 EVo9GLXA FCaDLGb1 bZyh0YN8 0nTKo0Qy RRVUwn9t DuU8mwwv -x96LWpCb tFLz3fBG dNb4gCKf n6VYcOiH 1ep6QYFZ x8kaJtrY 56PDWuW6 1R0If4kV -2XK0NLQK 4XQqhycl Ip08cn6c Bnx9z2Bz 7gjGlON7 CJxLR1U4 mqMwir3j ovGXWu0z -MfDjk5m8 4KwM9SAN oz0fZ5eo 5m8iRtco oP5BpLh0 Z5kvwr1W f34O2O43 hXao1Sp8 -tKoG5VNI f13fuYvm BQQn8MD3 bmFSf6Mf Z4Y0o17U jT4wO1DG cz2clBES Lr4B3qIY -ArKQRND6 8xnh4oIs nayiK2zG yWvQCV3v AFPlHSB8 zfx5bnaL t5lFbenk F2dIeBr4 -C6RqDQMy gKt28c9O ZCi0tQKE 0Ekdjh3P ox2vWOMI 14XF4gwc nYA0L6tV rRN3lekn -lmwZNjz1 4ovmJAr7 shPl9o5f FFsuNwj0 F2eVkqGi 7gw277RZ nYE7gCLl JDn05S5N -``` - -If you would like to generate a strong five passwords with 14 characters length, use the following format. - -``` -$ pwgen -s 14 5 -7YxUwDyfxGVTYD em2NT6FceXjPfT u8jlrljbrclcTi IruIX3Xu0TFXRr X8M9cB6wKNot1e -``` - -If you really want to generate a super strong random twenty passwords, use the following format. - -``` -$ pwgen -cnys 14 20 -mQ3E=vfGfZ,5[B #zmj{i5|ZS){jg Ht_8i7OqJ%N`~2 443fa5iJ\W-L?] ?Qs$o=vz2vgQBR -^'Ry0Az|J9p2+0 t2oA/n7U_'|QRx EsX*%_(4./QCRJ ACr-,8yF9&eM[* !Xz1C'bw?tv50o -8hfv-fK(VxwQGS q!qj?sD7Xmkb7^ N#Zp\_Y2kr%!)~ 4*pwYs{bq]Hh&Y |4u=-Q1!jS~8=; -]{$N#FPX1L2B{h I|01fcK.z?QTz" l~]JD_,W%5bp.E +i2=D3;BQ}p+$I n.a3,.D3VQ3~&i -``` - -### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using openssl Command? - -The openssl program is a command line tool for using the various cryptography functions of OpenSSL’s crypto library from the shell. - -Run the openssl command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters. - -``` -$ openssl rand -base64 14 -WjzyDqdkWf3e53tJw/c= -``` - -If you would like to generate ten random strong password with 14 characters using openssl command then use the following for loop. - -``` -$ for pw in {1..10}; do openssl rand -base64 14; done -6i0hgHDBi3ohZ9Mil8I= -gtn+y1bVFJFanpJqWaA= -rYu+wy+0nwLf5lk7TBA= -xrdNGykIzxaKDiLF2Bw= -cltejRkDPdFPC/zI0Pg= -G6aroK6d4xVVYFTrZGs= -jJEnFoOk1+UTSx/wJrY= -TFxVjBmLx9aivXB3yxE= -oQtOLPwTuO8df7dIv9I= -ktpBpCSQFOD+5kIIe7Y= -``` - -### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using gpg Command? - -gpg is the OpenPGP part of the GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG). It is a tool to provide digital encryption and signing services using the OpenPGP standard. gpg features complete key management and all the bells and whistles you would expect from a full OpenPGP implementation. - -Run the gpg command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters. - -``` -$ gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14 -or -$ gpg2 --gen-random --armor 1 14 -jq1mtY4gBa6gIuJrggM= -``` - -If you would like to generate ten random strong password with 14 characters using gpg command then use the following for loop. - -``` -$ for pw in {1..10}; do gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14; done -or -$ for pw in {1..10}; do gpg2 --gen-random --armor 1 14; done -F5ZzLSUMet2kefG6Ssc= -8hh7BFNs8Qu0cnrvHrY= -B+PEt28CosR5xO05/sQ= -m21bfx6UG1cBDzVGKcE= -wALosRXnBgmOC6+++xU= -TGpjT5xRxo/zFq/lNeg= -ggsKxVgpB/3aSOY15W4= -iUlezWxL626CPc9omTI= -pYb7xQwI1NTlM2rxaCg= -eJjhtA6oHhBrUpLY4fM= -``` - -### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using mkpasswd Command? - -mkpasswd generates passwords and can apply them automatically to users. With no arguments, mkpasswd returns a new password. It’s part of an expect package so, you have to install expect package to use mkpasswd command. - -For **`Fedora`** system, use **[DNF Command][2]** to install mkpasswd. - -``` -$ sudo dnf install expect -``` - -For **`Debian/Ubuntu`** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mkpasswd. - -``` -$ sudo apt install expect -``` - -For **`Arch Linux`** based systems, use **[Pacman Command][5]** to install mkpasswd. - -``` -$ sudo pacman -S expect -``` - -For **`RHEL/CentOS`** systems, use **[YUM Command][6]** to install mkpasswd. - -``` -$ sudo yum install expect -``` - -For **`openSUSE Leap`** system, use **[Zypper Command][7]** to install mkpasswd. - -``` -$ sudo zypper install expect -``` - -Run the `mkpasswd` command in terminal to generate a random password. - -``` -$ mkpasswd -37_slQepD -``` - -Run the mkpasswd command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters. - -``` -$ mkpasswd -l 14 -W1qP1uv=lhghgh -``` - -Run the mkpasswd command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters. It combinations of alphabetic (Lower & Upper case), Numeric number and special characters. - -``` -$ mkpasswd -l 14 -d 3 -C 3 -s 3 -3aad!bMWG49"t, -``` - -If you would like to generate ten random strong password with 14 characters (It combination of alphabetic (Lower & Upper case), Numeric number and special characters) using mkpasswd command then use the following for loop. - -``` -$ for pw in {1..10}; do mkpasswd -l 14 -d 3 -C 3 -s 3; done -zmSwP[q9;P1r6[ -E42zcvzM"i3%B\ -8}1#[email protected] -0X:zB(mmU22?nj -0sqqL44M}ko(O^ -43tQ(.6jG;ceRq --jB6cp3x1GZ$e= -$of?Rj9kb2N(1J -9HCf,nn#gjO79^ -Tu9m56+Ev_Yso( -``` - -### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using makepasswd Command? - -makepasswd generates true random passwords using /dev/urandom, with the emphasis on security over pronounceability. It can also encrypt plaintext passwords given on the command line. - -Run the `makepasswd` command in terminal to generate a random password. - -``` -$ makepasswd -HdCJafVaN -``` - -Run the makepasswd command with the following format to generate a random strong password with 14 characters. - -``` -$ makepasswd --chars 14 -HxJDv5quavrqmU -``` - -Run the makepasswd command with the following format to generate ten random strong password with 14 characters. - -``` -$ makepasswd --chars 14 --count 10 -TqmKVWnRGeoVNr -mPV2P98hLRUsai -MhMXPwyzYi2RLo -dxMGgLmoFpYivi -8p0G7JvJjd6qUP -7SmX95MiJcQauV -KWzrh5npAjvNmL -oHPKdq1uA9tU85 -V1su9GjU2oIGiQ -M2TMCEoahzLNYC -``` - -### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using Multiple Commands? - -Still if you are looking other options then you can use the following utilities to generate a random password in Linux. - -**Using md5sum:** md5sum is a computer program that calculates and verifies 128-bit MD5 hashes. - -``` -$ date | md5sum -9baf96fb6e8cbd99601d97a5c3acc2c4 - -``` - -**Using /dev/urandom:** The character special files /dev/random and /dev/urandom (present since Linux 1.3.30) provide an interface to the kernel’s random number generator. File /dev/random has major device number 1 and minor device number 8. File /dev/urandom has major device number 1 and minor device number 9. - -``` -$ cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | head -c 14 -15LQB9J84Btnzz -``` - -**Using sha256sum:** The program sha256sum is designed to verify data integrity using the SHA-256 (SHA-2 family with a digest length of 256 bits). - -``` -$ date | sha256sum -a114ae5c458ae0d366e1b673d558d921bb937e568d9329b525cf32290478826a - -``` - -**Using sha1pass:** sha1pass creates a SHA1 password hash. In the absence of a salt value on the command line, a random salt vector will be generated. - -``` -$ sha1pass -$4$9+JvykOv$e7U0jMJL2yBOL+RVa2Eke8SETEo$ -``` - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.2daygeek.com/5-ways-to-generate-a-random-strong-password-in-linux-terminal/ - -作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[leommx](https://github.com/leommxj) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-password-complexity-strength-and-score-in-linux/ -[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples-manage-packages-fedora-system/ -[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/ -[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/ -[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/pacman-command-examples-manage-packages-arch-linux-system/ -[6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/ -[7]: https://www.2daygeek.com/zypper-command-examples-manage-packages-opensuse-system/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20190305 5 Ways To Generate A Random-Strong Password In Linux Terminal.md b/translated/tech/20190305 5 Ways To Generate A Random-Strong Password In Linux Terminal.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..66bddf700c --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20190305 5 Ways To Generate A Random-Strong Password In Linux Terminal.md @@ -0,0 +1,367 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (leommxj) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (5 Ways To Generate A Random/Strong Password In Linux Terminal) +[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/5-ways-to-generate-a-random-strong-password-in-linux-terminal/) +[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) + +在 Linux 终端下生成随机/强密码的五种方法 +====== + +最近我们在网站上发表过一篇关于 **[密码强度与密码分数检查][1]** 的文章。 + +它可以帮助你检查你的密码的强度和分数。 + +我们可以手工创建我们需要的密码。但如果你想要为多个用户或服务器生成密码，解决方案是什么呢？ + +是的，Linux 中有许多可用的工具能满足这个需求。本文中我将会介绍五种最好的密码生成器。 + +这些工具可以为你生成高强度随机密码。如果你想要为多个用户和服务器更新密码，请继续读下去。 + +这些工具易于使用，这也是我喜欢用它们的原因。默认情况下它们会生成一个足够强壮的密码，你也可以通过使用其他可用的选项来生成一个超强的密码。 + +它会帮助你生成符合下列要求的超强密码。密码长度至少有 12-15 个字符，包括字母（大写及小写），数字及特殊符号。 + +工具如下： + + * `pwgen:` pwgen 程序生成易于人类记忆并且尽可能安全的密码。 + * `openssl:` openssl 是一个用来从 shell 中调用 OpenSSL 加密库提供的多种密码学函数的命令行工具。 + * `gpg:` OpenPGP 加密/签名工具。 + * `mkpasswd:` 生成新密码，可以选择直接应用给一名用户。 + * `makepasswd:` makepasswd 使用 /dev/urandom 生成真随机密码，比起好记它更重视安全性。 + * `/dev/urandom file` 两个特殊的字符文件 /dev/random 和 /dev/urandom （自 Linux 1.3.30 起） 提供了内核随机数生成器的接口。 + * `md5sum:` md5sum 是一个用来计算及校验 128-bit MD5 哈希的程序。 + * `sha256sum:` sha256sum 被设计用来使用 SHA-256 算法（SHA-2系列，摘要长度为256位）校验数据完整性。 + * `sha1pass:` sha1pass 生成一个 SHA1 密码哈希。在命令缺少盐值的情况下，将会生成一个随机的盐值向量。 + + + +### 怎么用 pwgen 命令在 linux 下生成一个随机的强壮密码？ + +pwgen 程序生成易于人类记忆并且尽可能安全的密码。 + +易于人类记忆的密码永远都不会像完全随机的密码一样安全。 + +使用 `-s` 选项来生成完全随机，难于记忆的密码。由于我们记不住，这些密码应该只用于机器。 + +在 **`Fedora`** 系统中，使用 **[DNF 命令][2]** 来安装 pwgen。 + +``` +$ sudo dnf install pwgen +``` + +在 **`Debian/Ubuntu`** 系统中，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 来安装 pwgen。 + +``` +$ sudo apt install pwgen +``` + +在 **`Arch Linux`** 系统中，使用 **[Pacman 命令][5]** 来安装 pwgen。 + +``` +$ sudo pacman -S pwgen +``` + +在 **`RHEL/CentOS`** 系统中，使用 **[YUM 命令][6]** 来安装 pwgen。 + +``` +$ sudo yum install pwgen +``` + +在 **`openSUSE Leap`** 系统中，使用 **[Zypper 命令][7]** 来安装pwgen。 + +``` +$ sudo zypper install pwgen +``` + +### 在 Linux 下如何使用 pwgen 命令？ + +使用方法非常简单直接。使用下列示例中更适合你的那种。默认情况下，它会生成一个方便记忆的密码。 + +想要这样做，只要在你的终端中运行 `pwgen` 命令。将会一下生成160个密码以8列20行打印出来。 + +``` +$ pwgen +ameiK2oo aibi3Cha EPium0Ie aisoh1Ee Nidee9ae uNga0Bee uPh9ieM1 ahn1ooNg +oc5ooTea tai7eKid tae2yieS hiecaiR8 wohY2Ohk Uab2maed heC4aXoh Ob6Nieso +Shaeriu3 uy9Juk5u hoht7Doo Fah6yah3 faz9Jeew eKiek4ju as0Xuosh Eiwo4epo +oot8teeZ Ui1yoohi Aechae7A Ohdi2ael cae5Thoh Au1aeTei ais0aiC2 Cai2quin +Oox9ohz4 neev0Che ahza8AQu Ahz7eica meiBeeW0 Av3bo7ah quoiTu3f taeNg3ae +Aiko7Aiz SheiGh8E aesaeSh7 haet6Loo AeTel3oN Ath7zeer IeYah4ie UG3ootha +Ohch9Och Phuap6su iel5Xu7s diqui7Bu ieF2dier eeluHa1u Thagei0i Ceeth3oh +OCei1ahj zei2aiYo Jahgh1ia ooqu1Cej eez2aiPo Wahd5soo noo7Mei9 Hie5ashe +Uith4Or2 Xie3uh2b fuF9Eilu eiN2sha9 zae2YaSh oGh5ephi ohvao4Ae aixu6aeM +fo4Ierah iephei6A hae9eeGa eiBeiY3g Aic8Kee9 he8AheCh ohM4bid9 eemae3Zu +eesh2EiM cheiGa4j PooV2vii ahpeeg5E aezauX2c Xe7aethu Ahvaph7a Joh2heec +Ii5EeShi aij7Uo8e ooy2Ahth mieKe2ni eiQuu8fe giedaQu0 eiPhob3E oox1uo2U +eehia4Hu ga9Ahw0a ohxuZei7 eV4OoXio Kid2wu1n ku4Ahf5s uigh8uQu AhWoh0po +vo1Eeb2u Ahth7ve5 ieje4eiL ieci1Ach Meephie9 iephieY8 Eesoom7u eakai2Bo +uo8Ieche Zai3aev5 aGhahf0E Wowoo5th Oraeb0ah Gah3nah0 ieGhah0p aeCh0OhJ +ahQu2feZ ahQu0gah foik7Ush cei1Wai1 Aivi3ooY eephei5U MooZae3O quooRoh7 +aequae5U pae6Ceiv eizahF1k ohmi7ETa ahyaeK1N Mohw2no8 ooc8Oone coo7Ieve +eePhei9h Weequ8eV Vie4iezu neeMiim4 ie6aiZoh Queegh2E shahwi3N Inichie8 +Sid1aeji mohj4Ko7 lieDi0pe Zeemah6a thuevu2E phi4Ohsh paiKeix1 ooz1Ceph +ahV4yore ue2laePh fu1eThui qui7aePh Fahth1nu ohk9puLo aiBeez0b Neengai5 +``` + +生成安全的随机密码，使用 pwgen 命令的 `-s` 选项。 + +``` +$ pwgen -s +CU75lgZd 7HzzKgtA 2ktBJDpR F6XJVhBs UjAm3bNL zO7Dw7JJ pxn8fUvp Ka3lLilG +ywJX7iJl D9ajxb6N 78c1HOg2 g8vtWCra Jp6pBGBw oYuev9Vl gbA6gHV8 G6XQoVO5 +uQN98IU4 50GgQfrX FrTsou2t YQorO4x6 UGer8Yi2 O7DB5nw1 1ax370UR 1xVRPkA1 +RVaGDr2i Nt11ekUd 9Vm3D244 ck8Lnpd0 SjDt8uWn 5ERT4tf8 4EONFzyY Jc6T83jg +WZa6bKPW H4HMo1YU bsDDRik3 gBwV7LOW 9H1QRQ4x 3Ak7RcSe IJu2RBF9 e508xrLC +SzTrW191 AslxDa6E IkWWov2b iOb6EmTy qHt82OwG 5ZFO7B53 97zmjOPu A4KZuhYV +uQpoJR4D 0eKyOiUr Rz96smeO 3HTABu3N 6W0VmEls uPsp5zpw 8UD3VkMG YTct6Rd4 +VKo0cVmq E07ZX7j9 kQSlvA69 Nm3fpv3i xWvF2xMu yEfcw8uA oQGVX3l9 grTzx7Xj +s4GVEYtM uJl5sYMe n3icRPiY ED3Mup4B k3M9KHI7 IkxqoSM0 dt2cxmMU yb2tUkut +2Q9wGZQx 8Rpo11s9 I13siOHu 7GV64Fjv 3VONzD8i SCDfVD3F oiPTx239 6BQakoiJ +XUEokiC4 ybL7VGmL el2RfvWk zKc7CLcE 3FqNBSyA NjDWrvZ5 KI3NSX4h VFyo6VPr +h4q3XeqZ FDYMoX6f uTU5ZzU3 6u4ob4Ep wiYPt05n CZga66qh upzH6Z9y RuVcqbe8 +taQv11hq 1xsY67a8 EVo9GLXA FCaDLGb1 bZyh0YN8 0nTKo0Qy RRVUwn9t DuU8mwwv +x96LWpCb tFLz3fBG dNb4gCKf n6VYcOiH 1ep6QYFZ x8kaJtrY 56PDWuW6 1R0If4kV +2XK0NLQK 4XQqhycl Ip08cn6c Bnx9z2Bz 7gjGlON7 CJxLR1U4 mqMwir3j ovGXWu0z +MfDjk5m8 4KwM9SAN oz0fZ5eo 5m8iRtco oP5BpLh0 Z5kvwr1W f34O2O43 hXao1Sp8 +tKoG5VNI f13fuYvm BQQn8MD3 bmFSf6Mf Z4Y0o17U jT4wO1DG cz2clBES Lr4B3qIY +ArKQRND6 8xnh4oIs nayiK2zG yWvQCV3v AFPlHSB8 zfx5bnaL t5lFbenk F2dIeBr4 +C6RqDQMy gKt28c9O ZCi0tQKE 0Ekdjh3P ox2vWOMI 14XF4gwc nYA0L6tV rRN3lekn +lmwZNjz1 4ovmJAr7 shPl9o5f FFsuNwj0 F2eVkqGi 7gw277RZ nYE7gCLl JDn05S5N +``` + +假设你想要生成五个14字符长的密码，方法如下。 + +``` +$ pwgen -s 14 5 +7YxUwDyfxGVTYD em2NT6FceXjPfT u8jlrljbrclcTi IruIX3Xu0TFXRr X8M9cB6wKNot1e +``` + +如果你真的想要生成20个超强随机密码，方法如下。 + +``` +$ pwgen -cnys 14 20 +mQ3E=vfGfZ,5[B #zmj{i5|ZS){jg Ht_8i7OqJ%N`~2 443fa5iJ\W-L?] ?Qs$o=vz2vgQBR +^'Ry0Az|J9p2+0 t2oA/n7U_'|QRx EsX*%_(4./QCRJ ACr-,8yF9&eM[* !Xz1C'bw?tv50o +8hfv-fK(VxwQGS q!qj?sD7Xmkb7^ N#Zp\_Y2kr%!)~ 4*pwYs{bq]Hh&Y |4u=-Q1!jS~8=; +]{$N#FPX1L2B{h I|01fcK.z?QTz" l~]JD_,W%5bp.E +i2=D3;BQ}p+$I n.a3,.D3VQ3~&i +``` + +### 如何在 Linux 下使用 openssl 命令生成随机强密码？ + +openssl 是一个用来从 shell 中调用 OpenSSL 加密库提供的多种密码学函数的命令行工具。 + +像下面这样运行 openssl 命令可以生成一个14字符长的随机强密码。 + +``` +$ openssl rand -base64 14 +WjzyDqdkWf3e53tJw/c= +``` + +如果你想要生成十个14字符长的随机强密码，将 openssl 命令与 for 循环结合起来使用。 + +``` +$ for pw in {1..10}; do openssl rand -base64 14; done +6i0hgHDBi3ohZ9Mil8I= +gtn+y1bVFJFanpJqWaA= +rYu+wy+0nwLf5lk7TBA= +xrdNGykIzxaKDiLF2Bw= +cltejRkDPdFPC/zI0Pg= +G6aroK6d4xVVYFTrZGs= +jJEnFoOk1+UTSx/wJrY= +TFxVjBmLx9aivXB3yxE= +oQtOLPwTuO8df7dIv9I= +ktpBpCSQFOD+5kIIe7Y= +``` + +### 如何在 Linux 下使用 gpg 命令生成随机强密码？ + +gpg 是 Gnu Privacy Guard （GnuPG） 中的 OpenPGP 实现部分。它是一个提供 OpenPGP 标准的数字加密与签名服务的工具。gpg 具有完整的密钥管理功能和其他完整 OpenPGP 实现应该具备的全部功能。 + +下面这样执行 gpg 命令来生成一个14字符长的随机强密码。 + +``` +$ gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14 +or +$ gpg2 --gen-random --armor 1 14 +jq1mtY4gBa6gIuJrggM= +``` + +如果想要使用 gpg 生成十个14字符长的随机强密码，像下面这样使用 for 循环。 + +``` +$ for pw in {1..10}; do gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14; done +or +$ for pw in {1..10}; do gpg2 --gen-random --armor 1 14; done +F5ZzLSUMet2kefG6Ssc= +8hh7BFNs8Qu0cnrvHrY= +B+PEt28CosR5xO05/sQ= +m21bfx6UG1cBDzVGKcE= +wALosRXnBgmOC6+++xU= +TGpjT5xRxo/zFq/lNeg= +ggsKxVgpB/3aSOY15W4= +iUlezWxL626CPc9omTI= +pYb7xQwI1NTlM2rxaCg= +eJjhtA6oHhBrUpLY4fM= +``` + +### 如何在 Linux 下使用 mkpasswd 命令生成随机强密码？ + +mkpasswd 生成密码并可以自动将其应用在用户上。不加任何参数的情况下，mkpasswd 返回一个新的密码。它是 expect 软件包的一部分，所以想要使用 mkpasswd 命令，你需要安装 expect 软件包。 + +在 **`Fedora`** 系统中，使用 **[DNF 命令][2]** 来安装 mkpasswd。 + +``` +$ sudo dnf install expect +``` + +在 **`Debian/Ubuntu`** 系统中，使用 **[APT-GET 命令][3]** 或 **[APT 命令][4]** 来安装 mkpasswd。 + +``` +$ sudo apt install expect +``` + +在 **`Arch Linux`** 系统中，使用 **[Pacman 命令][5]** 来安装 mkpasswd。 + +``` +$ sudo pacman -S expect +``` + +在 **`RHEL/CentOS`** 系统中，使用 **[YUM 命令][6]** 来安装 mkpasswd。 + +``` +$ sudo yum install expect +``` + +在 **`openSUSE Leap`** 系统中，使用 **[Zypper 命令][7]** 来安装 mkpasswd。 + +``` +$ sudo zypper install expect +``` + +在终端中执行 `mkpasswd` 命令来生成一个随机密码。 + +``` +$ mkpasswd +37_slQepD +``` + +像下面这样执行 mkpasswd 命令可以生成一个14字符长的随机强密码。 + +``` +$ mkpasswd -l 14 +W1qP1uv=lhghgh +``` + +像下面这样执行 mkpasswd 命令 来生成一个14字符长，包含大小写字母、数字和特殊字符的随机强密码。 + +``` +$ mkpasswd -l 14 -d 3 -C 3 -s 3 +3aad!bMWG49"t, +``` + +如果你想要生成十个14字符长的随机强密码(包括大小写字母、数字和特殊字符)，使用 for 循环和 mkpasswd 命令。 + +``` +$ for pw in {1..10}; do mkpasswd -l 14 -d 3 -C 3 -s 3; done +zmSwP[q9;P1r6[ +E42zcvzM"i3%B\ +8}1#[email protected] +0X:zB(mmU22?nj +0sqqL44M}ko(O^ +43tQ(.6jG;ceRq +-jB6cp3x1GZ$e= +$of?Rj9kb2N(1J +9HCf,nn#gjO79^ +Tu9m56+Ev_Yso( +``` + +### How To Generate A Random Strong Password In Linux Using makepasswd Command? +### 如何在 Linux 下使用 makepasswd 命令生成随机强密码？ + +makepasswd 使用 /dev/urandom 生成真随机密码，跟易于记忆相比它更注重安全性。它也可以加密命令行中给出的明文密码。 + +在终端中执行 `makepasswd` 命令来生成一个随机密码。 + +``` +$ makepasswd +HdCJafVaN +``` + +在终端中像下面这样执行 makepasswd 命令来生成14字符长的随机强密码。 + +``` +$ makepasswd --chars 14 +HxJDv5quavrqmU +``` + +像下面这样执行 makepasswd 来生成十个14字符长的随机强密码。 + +``` +$ makepasswd --chars 14 --count 10 +TqmKVWnRGeoVNr +mPV2P98hLRUsai +MhMXPwyzYi2RLo +dxMGgLmoFpYivi +8p0G7JvJjd6qUP +7SmX95MiJcQauV +KWzrh5npAjvNmL +oHPKdq1uA9tU85 +V1su9GjU2oIGiQ +M2TMCEoahzLNYC +``` + +### 如何在 Linux 系统中使用多个命令生成随机强密码？ + +如果你还在寻找其他的方案，下面的工具也可以用来在 Linux 中生成随机密码。 + +**使用 md5sum** md5sum 是一个用来计算及校验 128-bit MD5 哈希的程序。 + +``` +$ date | md5sum +9baf96fb6e8cbd99601d97a5c3acc2c4 - +``` + +**使用 /dev/urandom:** 两个特殊的字符文件 /dev/random 和 /dev/urandom （自 Linux 1.3.30 起） 提供了内核随机数生成器的接口。/dev/random 的主设备号为1，次设备号为8。/dev/urandom 主设备号为1，次设备号为9。 + +``` +$ cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | head -c 14 +15LQB9J84Btnzz +``` + +**使用 sha256sum:** sha256sum 被设计用来使用 SHA-256 算法（SHA-2系列，摘要长度为256位）校验数据完整性。 + +``` +$ date | sha256sum +a114ae5c458ae0d366e1b673d558d921bb937e568d9329b525cf32290478826a - +``` + +**使用 sha1pass:** sha1pass 生成一个 SHA1 密码哈希。在命令缺少盐值的情况下，将会生成一个随机的盐值向量。 + +``` +$ sha1pass +$4$9+JvykOv$e7U0jMJL2yBOL+RVa2Eke8SETEo$ +``` + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.2daygeek.com/5-ways-to-generate-a-random-strong-password-in-linux-terminal/ + +作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[leommx](https://github.com/leommxj) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-password-complexity-strength-and-score-in-linux/ +[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples-manage-packages-fedora-system/ +[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/ +[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/ +[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/pacman-command-examples-manage-packages-arch-linux-system/ +[6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/ +[7]: https://www.2daygeek.com/zypper-command-examples-manage-packages-opensuse-system/