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https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
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ChenYi
GitHub
commit
87523f42c0
@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
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通过 ssh 会话执行 bash 别名
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======
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我在远程主机上[上设置过一个叫做 file_repl 的 bash 别名 ][1] . 当我使用 ssh 命令登陆远程主机后，可以很正常的使用这个别名。然而这个 bash 别名却无法通过 ssh 来运行，像这样：
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我在远程主机上[上设置过一个叫做 file_repl 的 bash 别名 ][1]。当我使用 ssh 命令登录远程主机后，可以很正常的使用这个别名。然而这个 bash 别名却无法通过 ssh 来运行，像这样：
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```
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$ ssh vivek@server1.cyberciti.biz file_repl
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bash：file_repl：command not found
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@ -9,38 +10,48 @@ bash：file_repl：command not found
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我要怎样做才能通过 ssh 命令运行 bash 别名呢？
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SSH 客户端 (ssh) 是一个登陆远程服务器并在远程系统上执行 shell 命令的 Linux/Unix 命令。它被设计用来在两个非信任的机器上通过不安全的网络(比如互联网)提供安全的加密通讯。
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SSH 客户端 (ssh) 是一个登录远程服务器并在远程系统上执行 shell 命令的 Linux/Unix 命令。它被设计用来在两个非信任的机器上通过不安全的网络（比如互联网）提供安全的加密通讯。
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## 如何用 ssh 客户端执行命令
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### 如何用 ssh 客户端执行命令
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通过 ssh 运行 `free` 命令或 [date 命令][2] 可以这样做：
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```
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$ ssh vivek@server1.cyberciti.biz date
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```
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通过 ssh 运行 free 命令或 [date 命令 ][2] 可以这样做：
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`$ ssh vivek@server1.cyberciti.biz date`
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结果为：
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```
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Tue Dec 26 09：02：50 UTC 2017
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```
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或者
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`$ ssh vivek@server1.cyberciti.biz free -h`
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结果为：
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或者：
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```
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$ ssh vivek@server1.cyberciti.biz free -h
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```
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结果为：
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```
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total used free shared buff/cache available
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Mem：2.0G 428M 138M 145M 1.4G 1.1G
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Swap：0B 0B 0B
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```
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## 理解 bash shell 以及命令的类型
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### 理解 bash shell 以及命令的类型
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[bash shell][4] 共有下面几类命令：
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1。别名，比如 ll
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2。关键字，比如 if
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3。函数(用户自定义函数，比如 genpasswd)
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4。内置命令，比如 pwd
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5。外部文件，比如 /bin/date
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1. 别名，比如 `ll`
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2. 关键字，比如 `if`
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3. 函数 （用户自定义函数，比如 `genpasswd`）
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4. 内置命令，比如 `pwd`
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5. 外部文件，比如 `/bin/date`
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[type 命令][5] 和 [command 命令][6] 可以用来查看命令类型：
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The [type 命令 ][5] 和 [command 命令 ][6] 可以用来查看命令类型：
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```
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$ type -a date
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date is /bin/date
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@ -51,33 +62,38 @@ pwd is a shell builtin
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$ type -a file_repl
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is aliased to `sudo -i /shared/takes/master.replication'
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```
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date 和 free 都是外部命令而 file_repl 是 `sudo -i /shared/takes/master.replication` 的别名。你不能直接执行像 file_repl 这样的别名：
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`date` 和 `free` 都是外部命令，而 `file_repl` 是 `sudo -i /shared/takes/master.replication` 的别名。你不能直接执行像 `file_repl` 这样的别名：
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```
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$ ssh user@remote file_repl
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```
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## 在 Unix 系统上无法直接通过 ssh 客户端执行 bash 别名
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### 在 Unix 系统上无法直接通过 ssh 客户端执行 bash 别名
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要解决这个问题可以用下面方法运行 ssh 命令：
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```
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$ ssh -t user@remote /bin/bash -ic 'your-alias-here'
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$ ssh -t user@remote /bin/bash -ic 'file_repl'
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```
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ssh 命令选项：
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1。**-t**：[强制分配伪终端。可以用来在远程机器上执行任意的 ][7] 基于屏幕的程序，有时这非常有用。当使用 `-t` 时你可能会收到一个类似" bash：cannot set terminal process group (-1)：Inappropriate ioctl for device。bash：no job control in this shell ." 的错误。
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`ssh` 命令选项：
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- `-t`：[强制分配伪终端。可以用来在远程机器上执行任意的][7] 基于屏幕的程序，有时这非常有用。当使用 `-t` 时你可能会收到一个类似“bash: cannot set terminal process group (-1): Inappropriate ioctl for device. bash: no job control in this shell .”的错误。
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bash shell 的选项：
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1。**-i**：运行交互 shell，这样 shell 才能运行 bash 别名
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2。**-c**：要执行的命令取之于第一个非选项参数的命令字符串。若在命令字符串后面还有其他参数，这些参会会作为位置参数传递给命令，参数从 $0 开始。
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- `-i`：运行交互 shell，这样 shell 才能运行 bash 别名。
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- `-c`：要执行的命令取之于第一个非选项参数的命令字符串。若在命令字符串后面还有其他参数，这些参数会作为位置参数传递给命令，参数从 `$0` 开始。
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总之，要运行一个名叫 `ll` 的 bash 别名，可以运行下面命令：
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`$ ssh -t [[email protected]][3] -ic 'll'`
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```
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$ ssh -t vivek@server1.cyberciti.biz -ic 'll'
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```
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结果为：
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[![Running bash aliases over ssh based session when using Unix or Linux ssh cli][8]][8]
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下面是我的一个 shell 脚本的例子：
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@ -100,9 +116,10 @@ ssh ${box} /usr/bin/lxc file push /tmp/https.www.cyberciti.biz.410.url.conf ngin
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ssh -t ${box} /bin/bash -ic 'push_config_job'
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```
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## 相关资料
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### 相关资料
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更多信息请输入下面命令查看 [OpenSSH 客户端][9] 和 [bash 的 man 帮助 ][10]：
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更多信息请输入下面命令查看 [OpenSSH client][9] 和 [bash 的 man 帮助 ][10]：
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```
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$ man ssh
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$ man bash
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@ -110,14 +127,13 @@ $ help type
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$ help command
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||
|
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/use-bash-aliases-ssh-based-session/
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|
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作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
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translating by ljgibbslf
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Working with VI editor : The Basics
|
||||
======
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VI editor is a powerful command line based text editor that was originally created for Unix but has since been ported to various Unix & Linux distributions. In Linux there exists another, advanced version of VI editor called VIM (also known as VI IMproved ). VIM only adds funtionalities to already powefrul VI editor, some of the added functionalities a
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@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
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kaneg is translating.
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How to preconfigure LXD containers with cloud-init
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======
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You are creating containers and you want them to be somewhat preconfigured. For example, you want them to run automatically **apt update** as soon as they are launched. Or, get some packages pre-installed, or run a few commands. Here is how to perform this early initialization with [**cloud-init**][1] through [LXD to container images that support **cloud-init**][2].
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@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
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translating by ypingcn
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Top 5 Firefox extensions to install now
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======
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The right extensions can greatly enhance your browser's capabilities, but it's important to choose carefully. Here are five that are worth a look.
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The web browser has become a critical component of the computing experience for many users. Modern browsers have evolved into powerful and extensible platforms. As part of this, _extensions_ can add or modify their functionality. Extensions for Firefox are built using the WebExtensions API, a cross-browser development system.
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Which extensions should you install? Generally, that decision comes down to how you use your browser, your views on privacy, how much you trust extension developers, and other personal preferences.
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First, I'd like to point out that browser extensions often require the ability to read and/or change everything on the web pages you visit. You should consider the ramifications of this _very_ carefully. If an extension has modify access to all the web pages you visit, it could act as a key logger, intercept credit card information, track you online, insert advertisements, and perform a variety of other nefarious activities.
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That doesn't mean every extension will surreptitiously do these things, but you should carefully consider the installation source, the permissions involved, your risk profile, and other factors before you install any extension. Keep in mind you can use profiles to manage how an extension impacts your attack surface--for example, using a dedicated profile with no extensions to perform tasks such as online banking.
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With that in mind, here are five Firefox extensions that you may want to consider.
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### uBlock Origin
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![ublock origin ad blocker screenshot][2]
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Ublock Origin blocks ads and malware while enabling users to define their own content filters.
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[uBlock Origin][3] is a fast, low-memory, wide-spectrum blocker that not only blocks ads but also lets you enforce your own content filtering. The default behavior of uBlock Origin is to block ads, trackers, and malware sites using multiple predefined filter lists. From there it allows you to arbitrarily add lists and rules, or even lock down to a default-deny mode. In addition to being powerful, this extension has proven to be efficient and performant.
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|
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### Privacy Badger
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![privacy badger ad blocker][5]
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Privacy Badger uses algorithms to seamlessly block ads and trackers that violate the principles of user consent.
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As its name indicates, [Privacy Badger][6] is a privacy-focused extension that blocks ads and third-party trackers. From the EFF: "Privacy Badger was born out of our desire to be able to recommend a single extension that would automatically analyze and block any tracker or ad that violated the principle of user consent; which could function well without any settings, knowledge, or configuration by the user; which is produced by an organization that is unambiguously working for its users rather than for advertisers; and which uses algorithmic methods to decide what is and isn't tracking."
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|
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Why is Privacy Badger on this list when it may seem so similar to uBlock Origin? One reason is that it fundamentally works differently than uBlock Origin. Another is that a practice of defense in depth is a sound policy to follow.
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### LastPass
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|
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![lastpass password manager screenshot][8]
|
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|
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|
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LastPass is a user-friendly password manager plugin that supports two-factor authorization.
|
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|
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This is likely a controversial addition for many. Whether you should use a password manager at all--and if you do, whether you should choose one that has a browser plugin--is a hotly debated topic, and the answer very much depends on your personal risk profile. I'd assert that most casual computer users should use one, because it's much better than the most common alternative: using the same weak password everywhere.
|
||||
|
||||
[LastPass][9] is user-friendly, supports two-factor authentication, and is reasonably secure. The company has had a few security incidents in the past, but it responded well and is well-funded moving forward. Keep in mind that using a password manager isn't an all-or-nothing proposition. Many users choose to use it for the majority of their passwords, while keeping a few complicated, well-constructed passwords for important sites such as banking and multi-factor authentication in their head.
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|
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### Xmarks Sync
|
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[Xmarks Sync][10] is a convenient extension that will sync your bookmarks, open tabs, profiles, and browser history across instances. If you have multiple machines, want to sync across desktop and mobile, or use multiple different browsers on the same machine, take a look at Xmarks Sync. (Note that this extension was recently acquired by LastPass.)
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### Awesome Screenshot Plus
|
||||
|
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[Awesome Screenshot Plus][11] allows you to easily capture all or part of any web page, as well as add annotations and comments, blur sensitive information, and more. You can also share images using an optional online service. I've found this tool great for capturing parts of sites for debugging issues, discussing design, and sharing information. It's one of those tools you'll find yourself using more than you might have expected.
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I've found all five of these extensions useful, and I recommend them to others. That said, there are many browser extensions out there. I'm curious about which ones other Opensource.com community members currently use and recommend. Let me know in the comments.
|
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![Awesome Screenshot Plus screenshot][13]
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Awesome Screenshot Plus allows you to easily capture all or part of any web page.
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|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||
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||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/top-5-firefox-extensions
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||||
|
||||
作者：[Jeremy Garcia][a]
|
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/jeremy-garcia
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[2]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/ublock.png (ublock origin ad blocker screenshot)
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[3]:https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/ublock-origin/
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[5]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life-uploads/privacy_badger_1.0.1.png (privacy badger ad blocker screenshot)
|
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[6]:https://www.eff.org/privacybadger
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[8]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life-uploads/lastpass4.jpg (lastpass password manager screenshot)
|
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[9]:https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/lastpass-password-manager/
|
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[10]:https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/xmarks-sync/
|
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[11]:https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/screenshot-capture-annotate/
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[13]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/screenshot_from_2018-01-04_17-11-32.png (Awesome Screenshot Plus screenshot)
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@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
|
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How to install Spotify application on Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
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How do I install Spotify app on Ubuntu Linux desktop to stream music?
|
||||
|
||||
Spotify is a digital music stream service that provides you access to tons of songs. You can stream for free or buy a subscription. Creating a playlist is possible. A subscriber can listen music ad-free. You get better sound quality. This page **shows how to install Spotify on Linux using a snap package manager that works on Ubuntu, Mint, Debian, Fedora, Arch and many other distros**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing spotify application on Linux
|
||||
|
||||
The procedure to install spotify on Linux is as follows:
|
||||
|
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1. Install snapd
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2. Turn on snapd
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3. Find Spotify snap:
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```
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snap find spotify
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```
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||||
4. Install spotify music app:
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||||
```
|
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do snap install spotify
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```
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5. Run it:
|
||||
```
|
||||
spotify &
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||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Let us see all steps and examples in details.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 1 - Install Snapd
|
||||
|
||||
You need to install snapd package. It is daemon (service) and tooling that enable snap packages on Linux operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Snapd on a Debian/Ubuntu/Mint Linux
|
||||
|
||||
Type the following [apt command][1]/[apt-get command][2] as follows:
|
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`$ sudo apt install snapd`
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install snapd on an Arch Linux
|
||||
|
||||
snapd is available in the Arch User Repository (AUR) only. Run yaourt command (see [how to install yaourt on Archlinux][3]):
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo yaourt -S snapd
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl enable --now snapd.socket
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||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Get snapd on a Fedora Linux
|
||||
|
||||
Run snapd command
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo dnf install snapd
|
||||
sudo ln -s /var/lib/snapd/snap /snap
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### OpenSUSE install snapd
|
||||
|
||||
Execute the snap command:
|
||||
`$ snap find spotify`
|
||||
[![snap search for spotify app command][4]][4]
|
||||
Install it:
|
||||
`$ sudo snap install spotify`
|
||||
[![How to install Spotify application on Linux using snap command][5]][5]
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 3 - Run spotify and enjoy it(译注：原博客中就是这么直接跳到step3的)
|
||||
|
||||
Run it from GUI or simply type:
|
||||
`$ spotify`
|
||||
Automatically sign in to your account on startup:
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ spotify --username vivek@nixcraft.com
|
||||
$ spotify --username vivek@nixcraft.com --password 'myPasswordHere'
|
||||
```
|
||||
Start spotify client with given URI when initialized:
|
||||
`$ spotify--uri=<uri>`
|
||||
Start with the specified URL:
|
||||
`$ spotify--url=<url>`
|
||||
[![Spotify client app running on my Ubuntu Linux desktop][6]][6]
|
||||
|
||||
### About the author
|
||||
|
||||
The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. He has worked with global clients and in various industries, including IT, education, defense and space research, and the nonprofit sector. Follow him on [Twitter][7], [Facebook][8], [Google+][9].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-install-spotify-application-on-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz
|
||||
[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-lts-debian-linux-apt-command-examples/ (See Linux/Unix apt command examples for more info)
|
||||
[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-debian-package-management-cheat-sheet.html (See Linux/Unix apt-get command examples for more info)
|
||||
[3]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-install-yaourt-in-arch-linux/
|
||||
[4]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2018/01/snap-search-for-spotify-app-command.jpg
|
||||
[5]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2018/01/How-to-install-Spotify-application-on-Linux-using-snap-command.jpg
|
||||
[6]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2018/01/Spotify-client-app-running-on-my-Ubuntu-Linux-desktop.jpg
|
||||
[7]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft
|
||||
[8]:https://facebook.com/nixcraft
|
||||
[9]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
|
||||
Translating by jessie-pang
|
||||
|
||||
No More Ubuntu! Debian is the New Choice For Google’s In-house Linux Distribution
|
||||
============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
_Brief: For years Google used Goobuntu, an in-house, Ubuntu-based operating system. Goobuntu is now being replaced by gLinux, which is based on Debian Testing._
|
||||
|
||||
If you have read [Ubuntu facts][18], you probably already know that Google uses a Linux distribution called [Goobuntu][19] as the development platform. It is a custom Linux distribution based on…(easy to guess)… Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
Goobuntu is basically a “[light skin over standard Ubuntu][20]“. It is based on the LTS releases of Ubuntu. If you think that Google contributes to the testing or development of Ubuntu, you are wrong. Google is simply a paying customer for Canonical’s [Ubuntu Advantage Program][21]. [Canonical][22] is the parent company behind Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
### Meet gLinux: Google’s new Linux distribution based on Debian Buster
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
After more than five years with Ubuntu, Google is replacing Goobuntu with gLinux, a Linux distribution based on Debian Testing release.
|
||||
|
||||
As [MuyLinux reports][23], gLinux is being built from the source code of the packages and Google introduces its own changes to it. The changes will also be contributed to the upstream.
|
||||
|
||||
This ‘news’ is not really new. It was announced in Debconf’17 in August last year. Somehow the story did not get the attention it deserves.
|
||||
|
||||
You can watch the presentation in Debconf video [here][24]. The gLinux presentation starts around 12:00.
|
||||
|
||||
[Suggested readCity of Barcelona Kicks Out Microsoft in Favor of Linux and Open Source][25]
|
||||
|
||||
### Moving from Ubuntu 14.04 LTS to Debian 10 Buster
|
||||
|
||||
Once Google opted Ubuntu LTS for stability. Now it is moving to Debian testing branch for timely testing the packages. But it is not clear why Google decided to switch to Debian from Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
How does Google plan to move to Debian Testing? The current Debian Testing release is upcoming Debian 10 Buster. Google has developed an internal tool to migrate the existing systems from Ubuntu 14.04 LTS to Debian 10 Buster. Project leader Margarita claimed in the Debconf talk that tool was tested to be working fine.
|
||||
|
||||
Google also plans to send the changes to Debian Upstream and hence contributing to its development.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Development plan for gLinux
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu loses a big customer!
|
||||
|
||||
Back in 2012, Canonical had clarified that Google is not their largest business desktop customer. However, it is safe to say that Google was a big customer for them. As Google prepares to switch to Debian, this will surely result in revenue loss for Canonical.
|
||||
|
||||
[Suggested readMandrake Linux Creator Launches a New Open Source Mobile OS][26]
|
||||
|
||||
### What do you think?
|
||||
|
||||
Do keep in mind that Google doesn’t restrict its developers from using any operating system. However, use of Linux is encouraged.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are thinking that you can get your hands on either of Goobuntu or gLinux, you’ll have to get a job at Google. It is an internal project of Google and is not accessible to the general public.
|
||||
|
||||
Overall, it is a good news for Debian, especially if they get changes to upstream. Cannot say the same for Ubuntu though. I have contacted Canonical for a comment but have got no response so far.
|
||||
|
||||
Update: Canonical responded that they “don’t share details of relationships with individual customers” and hence they cannot provide details about revenue and any other such details.
|
||||
|
||||
What are your views on Google ditching Ubuntu for Debian?
|
||||
|
||||
[Share3K][9][Tweet][10][+1][11][Share161][12][Stumble][13][Reddit644][14]SHARES3K
|
||||
|
||||
<footer class="entry-footer" style="box-sizing: inherit;">
|
||||
|
||||
Filed Under: [News][15]Tagged With: [glinux][16], [goobuntu][17]
|
||||
|
||||
</footer>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### About Abhishek Prakash
|
||||
|
||||
I am a professional software developer, and founder of It’s FOSS. I am an avid Linux lover and Open Source enthusiast. I use Ubuntu and believe in sharing knowledge. Apart from Linux, I love classic detective mysteries. I’m a huge fan of Agatha Christie’s work.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/goobuntu-glinux-google/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash ][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[2]:https://itsfoss.com/goobuntu-glinux-google/#comments
|
||||
[3]:https://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2Fgoobuntu-glinux-google%2F%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare
|
||||
[4]:https://twitter.com/share?original_referer=/&text=No+More+Ubuntu%21+Debian+is+the+New+Choice+For+Google%E2%80%99s+In-house+Linux+Distribution&url=https://itsfoss.com/goobuntu-glinux-google/%3Futm_source%3Dtwitter%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare&via=abhishek_foss
|
||||
[5]:https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2Fgoobuntu-glinux-google%2F%3Futm_source%3DgooglePlus%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare
|
||||
[6]:https://www.linkedin.com/cws/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2Fgoobuntu-glinux-google%2F%3Futm_source%3DlinkedIn%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare
|
||||
[7]:http://www.stumbleupon.com/submit?url=https://itsfoss.com/goobuntu-glinux-google/&title=No+More+Ubuntu%21+Debian+is+the+New+Choice+For+Google%26%238217%3Bs+In-house+Linux+Distribution
|
||||
[8]:https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://itsfoss.com/goobuntu-glinux-google/&title=No+More+Ubuntu%21+Debian+is+the+New+Choice+For+Google%26%238217%3Bs+In-house+Linux+Distribution
|
||||
[9]:https://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2Fgoobuntu-glinux-google%2F%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare
|
||||
[10]:https://twitter.com/share?original_referer=/&text=No+More+Ubuntu%21+Debian+is+the+New+Choice+For+Google%E2%80%99s+In-house+Linux+Distribution&url=https://itsfoss.com/goobuntu-glinux-google/%3Futm_source%3Dtwitter%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare&via=abhishek_foss
|
||||
[11]:https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2Fgoobuntu-glinux-google%2F%3Futm_source%3DgooglePlus%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare
|
||||
[12]:https://www.linkedin.com/cws/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fitsfoss.com%2Fgoobuntu-glinux-google%2F%3Futm_source%3DlinkedIn%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3DSocialWarfare
|
||||
[13]:http://www.stumbleupon.com/submit?url=https://itsfoss.com/goobuntu-glinux-google/&title=No+More+Ubuntu%21+Debian+is+the+New+Choice+For+Google%26%238217%3Bs+In-house+Linux+Distribution
|
||||
[14]:https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://itsfoss.com/goobuntu-glinux-google/&title=No+More+Ubuntu%21+Debian+is+the+New+Choice+For+Google%26%238217%3Bs+In-house+Linux+Distribution
|
||||
[15]:https://itsfoss.com/category/news/
|
||||
[16]:https://itsfoss.com/tag/glinux/
|
||||
[17]:https://itsfoss.com/tag/goobuntu/
|
||||
[18]:https://itsfoss.com/facts-about-ubuntu/
|
||||
[19]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goobuntu
|
||||
[20]:http://www.zdnet.com/article/the-truth-about-goobuntu-googles-in-house-desktop-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[21]:https://www.ubuntu.com/support
|
||||
[22]:https://www.canonical.com/
|
||||
[23]:https://www.muylinux.com/2018/01/15/goobuntu-glinux-google/
|
||||
[24]:https://debconf17.debconf.org/talks/44/
|
||||
[25]:https://itsfoss.com/barcelona-open-source/
|
||||
[26]:https://itsfoss.com/eelo-mobile-os/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
|
||||
Two great uses for the cp command: Bash shortcuts
|
||||
============================================================
|
||||
|
||||
### Here's how to streamline the backup and synchronize functions of the cp command.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>Image by : [Internet Archive Book Images][6]. Modified by Opensource.com. CC BY-SA 4.0
|
||||
|
||||
Last July, I wrote about [two great uses for the cp command][7]: making a backup of a file, and synchronizing a secondary copy of a folder.
|
||||
|
||||
Having discovered these great utilities, I find that they are more verbose than necessary, so I created shortcuts to them in my Bash shell startup script. I thought I’d share these shortcuts in case they are useful to others or could offer inspiration to Bash users who haven’t quite taken on aliases or shell functions.
|
||||
|
||||
### Updating a second copy of a folder – Bash alias
|
||||
|
||||
The general pattern for updating a second copy of a folder with cp is:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cp -r -u -v SOURCE-FOLDER DESTINATION-DIRECTORY
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
I can easily remember the -r option because I use it often when copying folders around. I can probably, with some more effort, remember -v, and with even more effort, -u (is it “update” or “synchronize” or…).
|
||||
|
||||
Or I can just use the [alias capability in Bash][8] to convert the cp command and options to something more memorable, like this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
alias sync='cp -r -u -v'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sync Pictures /media/me/4388-E5FE
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Not sure if you already have a sync alias defined? You can list all your currently defined aliases by typing the word alias at the command prompt in your terminal window.
|
||||
|
||||
Like this so much you just want to start using it right away? Open a terminal window and type:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
echo "alias sync='cp -r -u -v'" >> ~/.bash_aliases
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
me@mymachine~$ alias
|
||||
|
||||
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'
|
||||
|
||||
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
|
||||
|
||||
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
|
||||
|
||||
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
|
||||
|
||||
alias gvm='sdk'
|
||||
|
||||
alias l='ls -CF'
|
||||
|
||||
alias la='ls -A'
|
||||
|
||||
alias ll='ls -alF'
|
||||
|
||||
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
|
||||
|
||||
alias sync='cp -r -u -v'
|
||||
|
||||
me@mymachine:~$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Making versioned backups – Bash function
|
||||
|
||||
The general pattern for making a backup of a file with cp is:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cp --force --backup=numbered WORKING-FILE BACKED-UP-FILE
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Besides remembering the options to the cp command, we also need to remember to repeat the WORKING-FILE name a second time. But why repeat ourselves when [a Bash function][9] can take care of that overhead for us, like this:
|
||||
|
||||
Again, you can save this to your .bash_aliases file in your home directory.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
function backup {
|
||||
|
||||
if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
|
||||
|
||||
echo "Usage: $0 filename"
|
||||
|
||||
elif [ -f $1 ] ; then
|
||||
|
||||
echo "cp --force --backup=numbered $1 $1"
|
||||
|
||||
cp --force --backup=numbered $1 $1
|
||||
|
||||
else
|
||||
|
||||
echo "$0: $1 is not a file"
|
||||
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The first if statement checks to make sure that only one argument is provided to the function, otherwise printing the correct usage with the echo command.
|
||||
|
||||
The elif statement checks to make sure the argument provided is a file, and if so, it (verbosely) uses the second echo to print the cp command to be used and then executes it.
|
||||
|
||||
If the single argument is not a file, the third echo prints an error message to that effect.
|
||||
|
||||
In my home directory, if I execute the backup command so defined on the file checkCounts.sql, I see that backup creates a file called checkCounts.sql.~1~. If I execute it once more, I see a new file checkCounts.sql.~2~.
|
||||
|
||||
Success! As planned, I can go on editing checkCounts.sql, but if I take a snapshot of it every so often with backup, I can return to the most recent snapshot should I run into trouble.
|
||||
|
||||
At some point, it’s better to start using git for version control, but backup as defined above is a nice cheap tool when you need to create snapshots but you’re not ready for git.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
In my last article, I promised you that repetitive tasks can often be easily streamlined through the use of shell scripts, shell functions, and shell aliases.
|
||||
|
||||
Here I’ve shown concrete examples of the use of shell aliases and shell functions to streamline the synchronize and backup functionality of the cp command. If you’d like to learn more about this, check out the two articles cited above: [How to save keystrokes at the command line with alias][10] and [Shell scripting: An introduction to the shift method and custom functions][11], written by my colleagues Greg and Seth, respectively.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### About the author
|
||||
|
||||
[][13] Chris Hermansen
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Engaged in computing since graduating from the University of British Columbia in 1978, I have been a full-time Linux user since 2005 and a full-time Solaris, SunOS and UNIX System V user before that. On the technical side of things, I have spent a great deal of my career doing data analysis; especially spatial data analysis. I have a substantial amount of programming experience in relation to data analysis, using awk, Python, PostgreSQL, PostGIS and lately Groovy. I have also built a few... [more about Chris Hermansen][14]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/two-great-uses-cp-command-update
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Chris Hermansen][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/clhermansen
|
||||
[1]:https://opensource.com/users/clhermansen
|
||||
[2]:https://opensource.com/users/clhermansen
|
||||
[3]:https://opensource.com/user/37806/feed
|
||||
[4]:https://opensource.com/article/18/1/two-great-uses-cp-command-update?rate=J_7R7wSPbukG9y8jrqZt3EqANfYtVAwZzzpopYiH3C8
|
||||
[5]:https://opensource.com/article/18/1/two-great-uses-cp-command-update#comments
|
||||
[6]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14803082483/in/photolist-oy6EG4-pZR3NZ-i6r3NW-e1tJSX-boBtf7-oeYc7U-o6jFKK-9jNtc3-idt2G9-i7NG1m-ouKjXe-owqviF-92xFBg-ow9e4s-gVVXJN-i1K8Pw-4jybMo-i1rsBr-ouo58Y-ouPRzz-8cGJHK-85Evdk-cru4Ly-rcDWiP-gnaC5B-pAFsuf-hRFPcZ-odvBMz-hRCE7b-mZN3Kt-odHU5a-73dpPp-hUaaAi-owvUMK-otbp7Q-ouySkB-hYAgmJ-owo4UZ-giHgqu-giHpNc-idd9uQ-osAhcf-7vxk63-7vwN65-fQejmk-pTcLgA-otZcmj-fj1aSX-hRzHQk-oyeZfR
|
||||
[7]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/two-great-uses-cp-command
|
||||
[8]:https://opensource.com/article/17/5/introduction-alias-command-line-tool
|
||||
[9]:https://opensource.com/article/17/1/shell-scripting-shift-method-custom-functions
|
||||
[10]:https://opensource.com/article/17/5/introduction-alias-command-line-tool
|
||||
[11]:https://opensource.com/article/17/1/shell-scripting-shift-method-custom-functions
|
||||
[12]:https://opensource.com/tags/linux
|
||||
[13]:https://opensource.com/users/clhermansen
|
||||
[14]:https://opensource.com/users/clhermansen
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
|
||||
五个值得现在安装的火狐插件
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
合适的插件能大大增强你浏览器的功能，但仔细挑选插件很重要。本文有五个值得一看的插件。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
对于很多用户来说，网页浏览器已经成为电脑使用体验的重要环节。现代浏览器已经发展成强大、可拓展的平台。作为平台的一部分，_插件_能添加或修改浏览器的功能。火狐插件的构建使用了 WebExtensions API ，一个跨浏览器的开发系统。
|
||||
|
||||
你得安装哪一个插件？一般而言，这个问题的答案取决于你如何使用你的浏览器、你对于隐私的看法、你信任插件开发者多少以及其他个人喜好。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，我想指出浏览器插件通常需要读取和（或者）修改你浏览的网页上的每项内容。你应该_非常_仔细地考虑这件事的后果。如果一个插件有修改所有你访问过的网页的权限，那么它可能记录你的按键、拦截信用卡信息、在线跟踪你、插入广告，以及其他各种各样邪恶的行为。
|
||||
|
||||
并不是每个插件都偷偷摸摸地做这些事，但是在你安装任何插件之前，你要慎重考虑下插件安装来源、涉及的权限、你的风险数据和其他因素。记住，你可以从个人数据的角度来管理一个插件如何影响你的攻击面（ LCTT 译者注：攻击面是指入侵者能尝试获取或提取数据的途径总和）——例如使用特定的配置、不使用插件来完成例如网上银行的操作。
|
||||
|
||||
考虑到这一点，这里有你或许想要考虑的五个火狐插件
|
||||
|
||||
### uBlock Origin
|
||||
|
||||
![ublock origin ad blocker screenshot][2]
|
||||
|
||||
ublock Origin 可以拦截广告和恶意网页，还允许用户定义自己的内容过滤器。
|
||||
|
||||
[uBlock Origin][3] 是一款快速、内存占用低、适用范围广的拦截器，它不仅能屏蔽广告，还能让你执行你自己的内容过滤。uBlock Origin 默认使用多份预定义好的过滤名单来拦截广告、跟踪器和恶意网页。它允许你任意地添加列表和规则，或者锁定在一个默认拒绝的模式。除了强大之外，这个插件已被证明是效率高、性能好。
|
||||
|
||||
### Privacy Badger
|
||||
|
||||
![privacy badger ad blocker][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Privacy Badger 运用了算法来无缝地屏蔽侵犯用户准则的广告和跟踪器。
|
||||
|
||||
正如它名字所表明，[Privacy Badger][6] 是一款专注于隐私的插件，它屏蔽广告和第三方跟踪器。EFF （LCTT 译者注：EFF全称是电子前哨基金会（Electronic Frontier Foundation），旨在宣传互联网版权和监督执法机构 ）说：“我们想要推荐一款能自动分析并屏蔽任何侵犯用户准则的跟踪器和广告，而 Privacy Badger 诞生于此目的；它不用任何设置、知识或者用户的配置，就能运行得很好；它是由一个明显为用户服务而不是为广告主服务的组织出品；它使用算法来绝定什么正在跟踪，什么没有在跟踪”
|
||||
|
||||
为什么 Privacy Badger 出现在这列表上的原因跟 uBlock Origin 如此相似？其中一个原因是Privacy Badger 从根本上跟 uBlock Origin 的工作不同。另一个原因是纵深防御的做法是个可以跟随的合理策略。
|
||||
|
||||
### LastPass
|
||||
|
||||
![lastpass password manager screenshot][8]
|
||||
|
||||
LastPass 是一款用户友好的密码管理插件，支持双重授权。
|
||||
|
||||
这个插件对于很多人来说是个有争议的补充。你是否应该使用密码管理器——如果你用了，你是否应该选择一个浏览器插件——这都是个热议的话题，而答案取决于你的风险资料。我想说大部分不关心的电脑用户应该用一个，因为这比起常见的选择：每一处使用相同的弱密码，都好太多了。
|
||||
|
||||
[LastPass][9] 对于用户很友好，支持双重授权，相当安全。这家公司过去出过点安全事故，但是都处理得当，而且资金充足。记住使用密码管理器不是非此即彼的命题。很多用户选择使用密码管理器管理绝大部分密码，但是保持了一点复杂性，为例如银行这样重要的网页精心设计了密码和使用多重认证。
|
||||
|
||||
### Xmarks Sync
|
||||
|
||||
[Xmarks Sync][10] 是一款方便的插件，能跨实例同步你的书签、打开的标签页、配置项和浏览器历史。如果你有多台机器，想要在桌面设备和移动设备之间同步、或者在同一台设备使用不同的浏览器，那来看看 Xmarks Sync 。（注意这款插件最近被 LastPass 收购）
|
||||
|
||||
### Awesome Screenshot Plus
|
||||
|
||||
[Awesome Screenshot Plus][11] 允许你很容易捕获任意网页的全部或部分区域，也能添加注释、评论、使敏感信息模糊等。你还能用一个可选的在线服务来分享图片。我发现这工具在网页调试时截图、讨论设计和分享信息上很棒。这是一款比你预期中发现自己使用得多的工具。
|
||||
|
||||
我发现这五款插件有用，我把它们推荐给其他人。这就是说，还有很多浏览器插件。我好奇其他的哪一款是 Opensource.com 社区用户正在使用并推荐的。让评论中让我知道。（LCTT 译者注：本文引用自 Opensource.com ，这两句话意在引导用户留言，推荐自己使用的插件）
|
||||
|
||||
![Awesome Screenshot Plus screenshot][13]
|
||||
|
||||
Awesome Screenshot Plus 允许你容易地截下任何网页的部分或全部内容。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/top-5-firefox-extensions
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jeremy Garcia][a]
|
||||
译者：[ypingcn](https://github.com/ypingcn)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jeremy-garcia
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/ublock.png "ublock origin ad blocker screenshot"
|
||||
[3]: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/ublock-origin/
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life-uploads/privacy_badger_1.0.1.png "privacy badger ad blocker screenshot"
|
||||
[6]: https://www.eff.org/privacybadger
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life-uploads/lastpass4.jpg "lastpass password manager screenshot"
|
||||
[9]: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/lastpass-password-manager/
|
||||
[10]: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/xmarks-sync/
|
||||
[11]: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/screenshot-capture-annotate/
|
||||
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/screenshot_from_2018-01-04_17-11-32.png "Awesome Screenshot Plus screenshot"
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user