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如何在 LibreOffice Writer 中创建一个电子书章节模板
======
> 将电子书分成几章，创建电子书会更容易。这是设置模板的分步指南。
![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202001/02/102817vmflleeemehetblt.jpg)
对于很多人来说，使用 word 程序来撰写和发布一本电子书是一种最好的、最容易的、最熟悉的方法。但是，启动你的 word 程序和打字是不够的 —— 你需要遵循一种格式。
这就是模板的来源。一个模板确保你的电子书有一个一致的外观和体验。幸运的是，创建模板是快速和容易的，并你在其上花费的时间和努力将带给你一本更好感观的书。
在这篇文章中，我将陪伴你走过如何使用 LibreOffice Writer 创建一个简单的模板，可以用于一本电子书的各个章节。你可以将这个模板用于 PDF 和 EPUB 书籍，并加以修改来满足你的需要。
### 我的方法
为什么我着重于为一个章节创建一个模板，而不是为一整本书创建一个模板？因为编写和管理单独的章节比编写和管理单个庞大而僵化的文档更容易。
通过关注于单独的章节，你可以专心于你需要编写的东西。你可以很容易地四处移动这些章节，给审阅者发单独一章节比发送你的完整原稿更简单而高效。当你写完一章后，你可以简单地把你的章节拼凑在一起来出版这本书（我将在下面讨论如何做到这一点）。但是不要觉得你被这种方法所束缚 —— 如果你更喜欢在单个文件中编写，简单地调整在这篇文章中描述的步骤就行。
让我们开始吧。
### 设置页面
仅当你计划发布你的电子书为一本 PDF 书时，这是很重要的。设置页面意味着你的书将不包含大量的跨越屏幕的让眼睛疲劳的文本。
选择 **格式 > 页面** 来打开 **页面样式** 窗口。我的 PDF 电子书通常是 5x8 英寸高（大约 13x20cm ，对于我们这些生活在米制世界的人来说）。我也设置页边距为半英寸（约 1.25 cm）。这些是我较喜欢的尺寸；你可以使用任何适合你的尺寸。
![LibreOffice Page Style window][2]
*在 LibreOffice Writer 中的页面样式窗口让你设置页边距和页格式。*
接下来，添加页脚以显示页码。保持页面样式窗口打开着，并单击 **页脚** 选项卡。选择 **在页脚上** 并单击 **确定** 。
在该页面上，在页脚中单击，然后选择 **插入 > 字段 > 页码**。不要担心页码的位置和外观；我们接下来会处理。
### 设置你的样式
像模板本身一样，样式为你的文档提供一种一致的外观和体验。如果你想更改一个标题的字体或大小，例如，你只需要在一个地方完成它，而不是手动应用格式化到每个标题。
标准化的 LibreOffice 模板带有许多样式，你可以调整它们以适应你的需要。为此，按 `F11` 来打开 **样式和格式** 窗口。
![LibreOffice styles and formatting][4]
*使用样式和格式窗口更改字体和其它细节。*
在一个样式上右键单击，并选择 **修改** 来编辑它。 这里是我在每本中使用的主要样式：
样式 | 字体 | 间距 / 对齐方式
:-: | :-: | :-:
标题 1 | Liberation Sans, 36 pt | 上面 36 pt ，下面 48 pt ，左对齐
标题 2 | Liberation Sans, 18 pt | 上面 12 pt ，下面 12 pt ，左对齐
标题 3 | Liberation Sans, 14 pt | 上面 12 pt ，下面 12 pt ，左对齐
正文 | Liberation Sans, 12 pt | 上面 12 pt ，下面 12 pt ，左对齐
页脚 | Liberation Sans, 10 pt | 居中对齐
![LibreOffice styles in action][6]
*这是当我们应用到电子书内容时的一个选择的样式外观。*
对于大多数书来说，这通常是最小要求。可以随便更改字体和空格来适应你的要求。
根据你正在编写书的类型，你可能也想创建或修改项目符合样式，以及数字列表、引号、代码示例、数字符号等等。只需要记住始终如一地使用字体以及其大小。
### 保存你的模板
选择 **文件 > 另存为** 。在保持对话框中，从格式列表中选择 “ODF 文本文档模板 (.ott)” 。这将保存模板为一个模板，以后你可以快速调用该模板。
保存模板的最佳位置是 LibreOffice 模板文件夹。例如，在 Linux 中,那是在你的家目录下，在 `.config/libreoffice/4/user/template` 下。
### 编写你的书
在你开始编写前，在你的计算机上创建一个文件夹，它将为你的书保存所有的文件 —— 章节、图像、笔记等等。
当你准备编写时，启动 LibreOffice Writer 并选择 **文件 > 新建 > 模板** 。然后从列表中选择你的模板，并单击 **打开**。
![LibreOffice Writer template list][8]
*从你在 LibreOffice Writer 中设置的列表中选择你的模板，并开始编写。*
然后用一个描述性名称保存文档。
建议使用像 “第 1 章” 和 “第 2 章” 这样的惯例 —— 在某些时候，你可能决定重新编排你的章节，当你尝试管理这些章节时，它可能会变得混乱。然而，你可以在文件名称中放置章节数字，像 “第 1 章” 或 “一” 。如果你最后要重新排列全书的章节，像这样重命名更容易。
无需赘言，开始编写吧。记住在模板中使用样式来格式化文本 —— 这就是为什么你要创建模板，对吧？
### 发布你的电子书
在完成编写一堆章节后，并准备发布它们时，创建一个主控文档。把一个主控文档作为你所编写章节的一个容器。使用一个主控文档，你可以快速地组装你的书，并任意重新排序你的章节。LibreOffice 的帮助提供了使用[主控文档][9]的详细信息。
假设你想生成一个 PDF ，不要只是单击**直接导出到 PDF** 按钮。这将创建一个相当不错的 PDF ，但是你可能想优化它。为此，选择 **文件 > 导出为 PDF** ，并在 PDF 选项窗口中轻微调整。你可以在这篇 [LibreOffice Writer 文档][10] 中学到更多东西。
如果你想创建一个 EPUB 而不是一个 PDF，或者除了一个 PDF 以外，另外创建一个 EPUB，请安装 [Writer2EPUB][11] 扩展。Opensource.com 的 Bryan Behrenshausen 为这个扩展[分享了一些有用的说明][12] 。
### 结束语
我们在这里创建的模板是极简单的，但是你可以将其用于一本简单的书，或者作为构建一个复杂模板的起点。不管怎样，这个模板都会让你快速地开始编写和发布你的电子书。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/17/10/creating-ebook-chapter-template-libreoffice-writer
作者：[Scott Nesbitt][a]
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/scottnesbitt
[2]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life-uploads/lo-page-style.png (LibreOffice Page Style window)
[4]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life-uploads/lo-paragraph-style.png (LibreOffice styles and formatting window)
[5]:/file/374466
[6]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life-uploads/lo-styles-in-action.png (Example of LibreOffice styles)
[8]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life-uploads/lo-template-list.png (Template list - LibreOffice Writer)
[9]:https://help.libreoffice.org/Writer/Working_with_Master_Documents_and_Subdocuments
[10]:https://help.libreoffice.org/Common/Export_as_PDF
[11]:http://writer2epub.it/en/
[12]:https://opensource.com/life/13/8/how-create-ebook-open-source-way

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Darktable 3 Released With GUI Rework and New Features)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/darktable-3-release/)
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
Darktable 3 Released With GUI Rework and New Features
======
Here’s the Christmas gift for the photography enthusiasts. Darktable 3.0 has just released.
[Darktable][1] is one of the [best applications for editing RAW images on Linux][2]. You can consider it as a [free and open source alternative to Adobe Lightroom][3].
Darktable 3 is a major new release with tons of feature improvements and a complete rework of the user interface. The GUI is now completely controlled by GTK+ CSS rules, which makes the whole GUI themable. There are eight themes available by default.
With the help of over 3000 commits and 553 pull requests, the new release has fixed 66 bugs and added many new features.
Let’s see what features this new release brings.
### New features in Darktable 3.0
![Darktable 3.0 Screenshot][4]
Here are the highlighted new features:
* Reworked UI
* A new module for handling 3D RGB Lut transformations
* Many improvements to the ‘denoise (profiled)’ module
* A new ‘culling’ mode and timeline view added
* Many improvements to the ‘denoise (profiled)’ module
* New tone equalizer’ basic and filmic RGB modules
* Better 4K/5K display support
* Undo/redo support for more operations
* Many code optimizations for CPU and SSE paths
* Support for exporting to Google Photos
* More camera support, white balance presets, and noise profiles
* Plenty of bug fixes and feature improvements
You can read about all the changes in the [release notes on GitHub][5].
### Installing Darktable 3.0 on Linux
Let’s see how to get the latest Darktable release.
#### Installing Darktable 3.0 on Ubuntu-based distributions
Darktable is available in Ubuntu but you won’t get the latest release immediately. For the LTS version, it may take months before you have this version update.
Worry not! Darktable provides its [own PPA][6] to install the latest release on Ubuntu-based distributions.
Unfortuntaley, That Darktable PPA has not been updated with the new release.
Worry not (again)! Thanks to our friend [Ji M of Ubuntu Handbook][7], we have an unofficial PPA for easily installing Darktable 3.0 on Ubuntu and other Ubuntu based distributions.
Open a terminal and use these commands one by one:
```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/darktable
sudo apt update
sudo apt install darktable
```
#### Uninstall Darktable 3
To remove Darktable installed via this PPA, you can first uninstall the application:
```
sudo apt remove darktable
```
And then [remove the PPA][8] as well:
```
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/darktable
```
#### Installing Darktable on other Linux distributions
You may wait for your distribution to provide this new release through the software manager.
You may also download the tarball or the entire source code from the GitHub release page (it’s at the bottom of the page).
[Download Darktable 3.0][5]
With Darktable 3, you can edit your holiday pictures better :)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/darktable-3-release/
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.darktable.org/
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/raw-image-tools-linux/
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-photoshop-alternatives/
[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/darktable_3_screenshot.jpg?ssl=1
[5]: https://github.com/darktable-org/darktable/releases/tag/release-3.0.0
[6]: https://launchpad.net/~pmjdebruijn/+archive/ubuntu/darktable-release
[7]: http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2019/12/install-darktable-3-0-0-ubuntu-18-04-19-10/
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-remove-or-delete-ppas-quick-tip/

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: ( )
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (How to get started with open source in 2020)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/getting-started-open-source)
[#]: author: (Bryant Son https://opensource.com/users/brson)
How to get started with open source in 2020
======
New to open source? Opensource.com's top 10 articles for newcomers will
get you on the right pathway quickly in the new year.
![pipe in a building][1]
When Opensource.com launched in 2010, Red Hat CEO Jim Whitehurst said the site "is one of the ways in which Red Hat gives something back to the open source community." And that community has always included the growing number of people who are new to open source.
In 2019, we published many articles about the open source way of thinking, choosing hardware, the contribution process, and other topics geared toward newbies. If you're new to open source, this list of Opensource.com's top 10 articles from 2019 about getting started with open source should put you on the right path.
### Why I made the switch from Mac to Linux
Have you ever considered trying out Linux but were not sure how to start? You are not alone! Trying something new is usually a little scary and involves a learning curve. In [_Why I made the switch from Mac to Linux_][2], Matthew Broberg shares his story about adopting Linux and how his initial nervousness was transformed into an awesome feeling of accomplishment.
### Getting started with Git: Terminology 101
Although there are many ways to contribute to open source (including writing about it, like I'm doing here), the most notable contributions come from the developers who provide source code to projects. They usually make their source code contributions to GitHub and GitLab repositories using the Git tool. Matthew Broberg's guide to [_Getting started with Git: Terminology 101_][3] explains how to get started with Git so you can make your first commit to your favorite open source project.
### Buying a Linux-ready laptop
Most people who want to try Linux are already familiar with Microsoft Windows or Apple MacOS, and they may know they can install Linux on their existing computer, for example, by using a virtual machine, partitioning their drive to install Linux alongside Windows or Mac, reformatting their drive to erase their old operating system and install Linux, or putting Linux on a second drive. But many may not know they can buy a Linux-by-default laptop from companies like System76, Slimbook, and Tuxedo. In [_Buying a Linux-ready laptop_][4], Richardo Berlasso shares his experience of ordering, receiving, and using a Linux-ready Tuxedo laptop.
### Getting started with Vim: The basics
Vim is an improved version of the vi text editor. It's is available by default on most Linux operating systems and competes with Emacs, another popular Linux text editor. Knowing how to use Vim can give you an edge in creating, modifying, and managing text-based files, whether they are programming files or simple words on a screen. In [_Getting started with Vim: The basics_][5], I walk through how to start learning Vim to simplify your open source journey.
### How to create a pull request in GitHub
Pull request, often shortened to PR, is a Git term that means something is available to be merged into another branch. Pull requests are an essential part of the open source contribution process: to contribute to an open source project, people fork or clone a branch to work on it, and the PR process is how they later merge their work back to the parent branch. [_How to create a pull request in GitHub_][6] by Kedar Vijay Kulkarni will give you a good foundation of knowledge to make your first pull request.
### Bash vs. Python: Which language should you use?
Of the many programming languages out there, Python is definitely one of the hottest, driven mostly by the growth of data science. But for automation engineers, Bash always has been the primary script language to get the job done. So, what can Python do that Bash cannot? What are some Bash tasks that Python can't replace? Learn the differences by reading [_Bash vs. Python: Which language should you use?_][7] by Archit Modi.
### How to use Ansible to document procedures
Ansible is a very popular and powerful infrastructure-as-code tool. Many enterprises rely on it to automate tasks in their cloud platforms. Among the countless things Ansible can do, one of the least obvious is the one Marco Bravo explains: [_How to use Ansible to document procedures_][8].
### A dozen ways to learn Python
Learning a programming language is always a daunting task. But Python has a number of features that make the learning process easy. Contributor Don Watkins offers [_A dozen ways to learn Python_][9] to take some of the stress out of the journey from getting started to becoming a Python expert.
### What's the best Linux distribution for beginners?
Everyone has probably heard of Android, the most widely used Linux-based mobile operating system. And many have heard of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and Ubuntu. Picking a Linux operating system can be difficult, but Lauren Pritchett's poll [_What's the best Linux distribution for beginners?_][10] might help you pick the right one based on the community's input. By the way, while you're there, make sure to vote for your favorite Linux distro.
### My first contribution to open source: Impostor Syndrome
Contributing to open source can change your life in positive ways, but you can't ignore the technical challenges around it. Have you ever heard someone say, "Hey, starting with open source is a piece of cake? Everyone can do it!" Probably not, since it's not exactly true. Galen Corey shares some of the challenges he confronted in [_My first contribution to open source: Impostor Syndrome_][11].
### What else do you need to get started?
There are a lot of topics related to getting started with open source, which also means there are a lot of opportunities for Opensource.com to give back to new users by publishing articles to help them. Do you have ideas for other articles we should cover in 2020? Please share your suggestions in the comments, or even consider [writing an article][12] about your own open source journey.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/getting-started-open-source
作者：[Bryant Son][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/brson
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/open_pipe_red_hat_tower_building.png?itok=8ho3yi7L (pipe in a building)
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/why-switch-mac-linux
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/git-terminology
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/linux-laptop
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/3/getting-started-vim
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/create-pull-request-github
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/bash-vs-python
[8]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/ansible-procedures
[9]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/dozen-ways-learn-python
[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/linux-distribution-beginners
[11]: https://opensource.com/article/19/11/my-first-open-source-contribution-impostor-syndrome
[12]: https://opensource.com/how-submit-article

85
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (wxy)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (12 programming resources for coders of all levels)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/12/programming-resources)
[#]: author: (Erik O'Shaughnessy https://opensource.com/users/jnyjny)
12 programming resources for coders of all levels
======
No matter where you are in your programming journey, there are things
for you to learn in Opensource.com's top 12 programming articles from
2019.
![Woman sitting in front of her computer][1]
> "The best time to learn computer programming was 20 years ago. The second best time is now."
> — A computer science proverb, maybe.
Are you a new programmer, an experienced web dev, a backend wizard, a grizzled system programmer, or some other yet-to-be-discovered species of computer geek? Wherever you land in the vast ecosystem of software developers, the only constant in our field is the need to learn about new technologies and how to apply them. Here is an ensemble of the most-read Opensource.com articles from the past year that inform and entertain, and I'm excited to share them with you here.
### For the noble newbie
Whatever your skillset or interests, learning how to write computer programs turns that domain-specific knowledge into a superpower. Unfortunately, it isn't possible to learn how to program from the bite of a radioactive computer, at least not yet. Until that's a thing, I recommend these excellent articles to help bootstrap your programming skills. They address important questions like which languages to consider learning and different ways to get started.
* [Which programming languages should you learn?][2]
* [A dozen ways to learn Python][3]
* [Three popular programming languages you can learn with Raspberry Pi][4]
* [Introducing kids to computational thinking with Python][5]
### Keeping up with emerging technologies
Experienced programmers know that the only thing harder than learning to program is keeping your skills and knowledge up to date. But we are an [autodidactic][6] breed, always looking to level up our expertise and understanding. Even if we don't anticipate using a new technology, we know that eventually, someone will ask about it. These articles on Rust, WebAssembly, and Podman are great places to start learning about just a few of the upcoming trends in software technology.
* [Why should you use Rust in WebAssembly?][7]
* [Level up command-line playgrounds with WebAssembly][8]
* [How does rootless Podman work?][9]
* [Why to choose Rust as your next programming language][10]
### Old programs never die
Despite the never-ending cascade of new technologies, it never hurts to look back to help you look forward. Today's amazing technologies are built on top of yesterday's tools, and it will serve us well to understand the abilities and limitations of those tools, even if we never write a line of code in these languages of legend. This collection of articles focuses on the C language, a practical application written in AWK, and an interesting discussion of computer languages that are declining in popularity, but perhaps not dead yet.
* [The monumental impact of C][11]
* [How to write a good C main function][12]
* [Drinking coffee with AWK][13]
* [What's your favorite "dead" language?][14]
### Keep on learning
No matter where you are in your programming journey, there will always be more to learn. I hope these top resources from 2019 will get you ready for 2020. Thanks to the authors and you, the reader.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/programming-resources
作者：[Erik O'Shaughnessy][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jnyjny
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/OSDC_women_computing_3.png?itok=qw2A18BM (Woman sitting in front of her computer)
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/which-programming-languages-should-you-learn
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/dozen-ways-learn-python
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/19/3/programming-languages-raspberry-pi
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/break-down-stereotypes-python
[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodidacticism
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/why-use-rust-webassembly
[8]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/command-line-playgrounds-webassembly
[9]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/how-does-rootless-podman-work
[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/choose-rust-programming-language
[11]: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/command-line-heroes-c
[12]: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/how-write-good-c-main-function
[13]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/drinking-coffee-awk
[14]: https://opensource.com/article/19/6/favorite-dead-language

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[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (5 predictions for Kubernetes in 2020)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/kubernetes-2020)
[#]: author: (Scott McCarty https://opensource.com/users/fatherlinux)
5 predictions for Kubernetes in 2020
======
Plus, a look back at the most popular Kubernetes articles on the site in
2019.
![Person drinking a hat drink at the computer][1]
How do you track a wildly popular project like Kubernetes? How do you figure out where it’s going? If you are contributing to the project or participating in Special Interest Groups (SIGs), you might gain insight by osmosis, but for those of you with day jobs that don’t include contributing to Kubernetes, you might like a little help reading the tea leaves. With a fast-moving project like Kubernetes, the end of the year is an excellent time to take a look at the past year to gain insight into the next one.
This year, Kubernetes made a lot of progress. Aside from inspecting code, documentation, and meeting notes, another good source is blog entries. To gain some insights, I took a look at the top ten Kubernetes articles on Opensource.com. These articles give us insight into what topics people are interested in reading, but just as importantly, what articles people are interested in writing. Let’s dig in!
(Get the full list of top 10 Kubernetes articles from 2019 at the end.)
First, I would point out that five of these articles tackle the expansion of workloads and where they can run. This expansion of workloads includes data science, PostgreSQL, InfluxDB, and Grafana (as a workload, not just to monitor the cluster itself) and Edge. Historically, Kubernetes and containers in general have mostly run on top of virtual machines, especially when run on infrastructure provided by cloud providers. With this interest in Kubernetes at the edge, it’s another sign that end users are genuinely interested in Kubernetes on bare metal (see also [Kubernetes on metal with OpenShift][2]).
Next, there seems to be a lot of hunger for operational knowledge and best practices with Kubernetes. From [Kubernetes Operators][3], to [Kubernetes Controllers][4], from [Secrets][5] to [ConfigMaps][6], developers and operators alike are looking for best practices and ways to simplify workload deployment and management. Often we get caught up in the actual configuration example, or how people do it, and don’t take a step back to realize that all of these fall into the bucket of how to operationalize the deployment of applications (not how to install or run Kubernetes itself).
Finally, people seem to be really interested in getting started. In fact, there is so much information on how to build Kubernetes that it intimidates people and gets them down the wrong path. A couple of the top articles focus on why you should learn to run applications on Kubernetes instead of concentrating on installing it. Like best practices, people often don’t take a step back to analyze where they should invest their time when getting started. I have always advocated for, where possible, spending limited time and money on using technology instead of building it.
### 5 predictions for Kubernetes in 2020
So, looking back at those themes from 2019, what does this tell us about where 2020 is going? Well, combining insight from these articles with my own broad purview, I want to share my thoughts for 2020 and beyond:
1. Expansion of workloads. I would keep my eye on high-performance computing, AI/ML, and stateful workloads using Operators.
2. More concrete best practices, especially around mature standards like PCI, HIPAA, NIST, etc.
3. Increased security around rootless and higher security [runtimes classes][7] (like [gVisor][8], [Kata Containers][9], etc.)
4. Better standardization on Kubernetes manifests as the core artifact for deployment in development and sharing applications between developers. Things like [podman generate kube][10], [podman play kube][11], and all in one Kubernetes environments like [CodeReady Containers (CRC)][12]
5. An ever-wider ecosystem of network, storage and specialized hardware (GPUs, etc.) vendors creating best of breed solutions for Kubernetes (in free software, we believe that open ecosystems are better than vertically integrated solutions)
I'm looking forward to another great year in Kubernetes!
**Top 10 Kubernetes articles for 2019**
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/kubernetes-2020
作者：[Scott McCarty][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/fatherlinux
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/coffee_tea_laptop_computer_work_desk.png?itok=D5yMx_Dr (Person drinking a hat drink at the computer)
[2]: https://blog.openshift.com/kubernetes-on-metal-with-openshift/
[3]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/operator/
[4]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/controller/
[5]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/
[6]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-pod-configmap/
[7]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/containers/runtime-class/
[8]: https://gvisor.dev/
[9]: https://katacontainers.io/
[10]: https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2019/01/29/podman-kubernetes-yaml/
[11]: https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/rhel-81-minor-release-major-new-container-capabilities
[12]: https://developers.redhat.com/products/codeready-containers/overview

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[#]: subject: (9 cheat sheets and guides to enhance your tech skills)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/cheat-sheets-guides)
[#]: author: (Lauren Pritchett https://opensource.com/users/lauren-pritchett)
9 cheat sheets and guides to enhance your tech skills
======
Kick off the new year with our latest programming cheat sheets and
guides for people of all skill levels. Take our poll to let us know what
you'd like to see next!
![a checklist for a team][1]
Cheat sheets are perfect for the new coder just starting out on the command line. However, even the most experienced programmers need to lean on references every once in a while. If that pesky keyboard shortcut is just at the tip of your finger, a cheat sheet is perfect to have nearby. Here’s a roundup of our downloadable guides that will set you up for success in 2020.
### Cheat sheets
#### [Markdown][2]
Markdown is not just for coders. Anyone can use it to help bring syntax and structure to a plain text document. This cheat sheet provides Markdown foundations using the CommonMark specification. It also includes syntax for GitHub and GitLab. 
#### [Linux permissions and users][3]
Keep commands for managing users close at hand with this Linux cheat sheet. Quickly learn how to add users, delete users, show history, and set permissions.
#### [Bash][4]
Once you know Bash, the possibilities at the command line are endless. Our Bash cheat sheet helps you become more efficient with keyboard shortcuts. Before you know it, you'll be running scripts in your sleep (literally).  
#### [Linux common commands][5]
It's no wonder that our cheat sheet for common Linux commands is so popular. This cheat sheet is packed with the essentials to get started with installing software and navigating file systems. Print this one out for yourself and your colleagues.
#### [Microservices][6]
It seems like everyone is talking about microservices and for good reason. Microservices make applications modular so that they are easier to build and maintain. It's no longer just a buzzword with this cheat sheet. Get to know important terms and learn more about the fundamentals of microservices in [A guide to open source for microservices][7].
#### [Java][8]
This cheat sheet is ideal for beginner and intermediate Java programmers. It includes important context along with code for handling imports, variables, classes, and more.
#### [pip][9]
Programmers love using pip commands to help install, manage, and use Python software packages. However, pip can do much more than that. This cheat sheet will teach you how to build wheels and record packages.
### Guides
#### [7 essential PyPI libraries][10]
This collection of Python tutorials will help you learn how to write extensions faster, format your code, automate tests, ensure code consistency, and more using PyPI libraries. 
#### [Getting started with Kubernetes][11]
In this approachable guide, author [Scott McCarty][12] uses an unexpected analogy to explain the value of Kubernetes and the steps to get started. 
* * *
We'd like to hear from you: Do you have an idea for a new cheat sheet or guide? Take our poll and choose from one of the options, or let us know in the comments. Check out all of our downloads [here][13]. Get alerts about new cheat sheets by [signing up][14] for our email newsletter.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/cheat-sheets-guides
作者：[Lauren Pritchett][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/lauren-pritchett
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/checklist_hands_team_collaboration.png?itok=u82QepPk (a checklist for a team)
[2]: https://opensource.com/downloads/cheat-sheet-markdown
[3]: https://opensource.com/downloads/linux-permissions-cheat-sheet
[4]: https://opensource.com/downloads/bash-cheat-sheet
[5]: https://opensource.com/downloads/linux-common-commands-cheat-sheet
[6]: https://opensource.com/downloads/microservices-cheat-sheet
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/19/11/microservices-cheat-sheet
[8]: https://opensource.com/downloads/java-cheat-sheet
[9]: https://opensource.com/downloads/pip-cheat-sheet
[10]: https://opensource.com/downloads/7-essential-pypi-libraries
[11]: https://opensource.com/downloads/getting-started-kubernetes-ebook
[12]: https://opensource.com/users/fatherlinux
[13]: https://opensource.com/downloads/cheat-sheets
[14]: https://opensource.com/email-newsletter

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[#]: url: ( )

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Darktable 3 Released With GUI Rework and New Features)
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/darktable-3-release/)
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
Darktable 3 发布，带来重做的 GUI 及新的功能
======
这是给摄影爱好者的圣诞节礼物。Darktable 3.0 刚刚发布了。
[Darktable][1] 是[在 Linux 上编辑 RAW 图像的最佳应用之一] [2]。你可以将其视为 [Adobe Lightroom 的免费开源替代品][3]。
Darktable 3 是一个主版本更新，它有许多功能改进和对用户界面的重做。现在，GUI 完全由 GTK+ CSS 规则控制，这使得整个 GUI 都可定制主题。默认它有八个主题。
借助 3000 多个提交和 553 个拉取请求，新版本修复了 66 个 bug 并添加了许多新功能。
让我们看看这个新版本带来了什么功能。
### Darktable 3.0 的新功能
![Darktable 3.0 Screenshot][4]
以下是重要的新功能：
*重做的 UI
  * 用于处理 3D RGB Lut 变换的新模块
  * 对“降噪（轮廓化）”模块进行了许多改进
  * 添加了新的“剔除”模式和时间轴视图
  * 对“降噪（轮廓化）”模块进行了许多改进
  * 新色调均衡器的基本和电影 RGB 模块
  * 更好的 4K/5K 显示支持
  * 撤消/重做支持更多操作
  * 针对 CPU 和 SSE 路径的许多代码优化
  * 支持导出到 Google 相册
  * 更多的相机支持，白平衡预设和噪点配置
  * 大量的 bug 修复和功能改进
你可以在 [GitHub 发行说明][5]中了解所有更改。
### 在 Linux 上安装 Darktable 3.0
让我们看看如何获​​取最新的 Darktable 版本。
#### 在基于 Ubuntu 的发行版上安装 Darktable 3.0
Ubuntu 仓库中有 Darktable，但你不能得到最新的版本。对于 LTS 版本，它的更新可能需要几个月的时间。
不用担心！Darktable 提供了[自己的 PPA][6]，来在基于 Ubuntu 的发行版上安装最新版本。
不幸的是，此 Darktable PPA 尚未随新版本更新。
不用担心了！多亏了我们的朋友 [Ubuntu Handbook 的 Ji M][7]，我们有一个非正式的 PPA，可以轻松地在 Ubuntu 和其他基于 Ubuntu 的发行版上安装 Darktable 3.0。
打开终端，并使用这些命令：
```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/darktable
sudo apt update
sudo apt install darktable
```
#### 卸载 Darktable 3
要删除通过此 PPA 安装的 Darktable，你可以先卸载该应用：
```
sudo apt remove darktable
```
接着[删除 PPA][8]：
```
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/darktable
```
#### 在其他 Linux 发行版上安装 Darktable
你可以等待到你的发行版的软件管理器提供新版本。
你也可以从 GitHub 发布页面（位于页面底部）下载 tarball 或所有源代码。
[Download Darktable 3.0][5]
使用 Darktable 3，你可以更好地编辑自己的假期照片：）
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/darktable-3-release/
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.darktable.org/
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/raw-image-tools-linux/
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-photoshop-alternatives/
[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/darktable_3_screenshot.jpg?ssl=1
[5]: https://github.com/darktable-org/darktable/releases/tag/release-3.0.0
[6]: https://launchpad.net/~pmjdebruijn/+archive/ubuntu/darktable-release
[7]: http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2019/12/install-darktable-3-0-0-ubuntu-18-04-19-10/
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-remove-or-delete-ppas-quick-tip/

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如何在 LibreOffice Writer 中创建一个电子书章节模板
======
![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/EDUCATION_colorbooks.png?itok=vNhsYYyC)
对于很多人来说，使用 word 程序来写和发布一本电子书是一种最好的，最容易的，最熟悉的方法。但是，启动你的 word 程序和打字是不够的--你需要遵循一种格式。
这就是模板的来源。一个模板确保你的电子书有一个一致的外观和体验。幸运的是，创建一个模板是快速和容易的，并你在其上花费的时间和努力将给你一本更好感官的书。
在这片文章中，我将陪伴你走过如何使用 LibreOffice Writer 创建一个简单的用于写一本电子书的各个章节的模板。你可以将这个模板用于 PDF 和 EPUB 书籍，并假以修改来满足你的需要。
### 我的方法
为什么我聚焦于为一个章节创建一个模板，而不是为一整本书创建一个模板？因为编写和管理单独的章节比编写和管理单个庞大而僵化的文档更容易。
通过聚焦于单独的章节，你可以聚焦于你需要编写的东西。你可以容易地向各处移动这些章节，给审阅者发单独一章节比发你完整的原稿更简单而高效。当你写完一章后，你可以简单地把你的章节拼凑在一起来出版这本书(我将在下面讨论如何做到这一点)。但是不要觉得你被这种方法所束缚 --如果你更喜欢在单个文件中编写，简单地调整在这篇文章中描述的步骤来做做成这样。
让我们开始吧。
### 设置页面
仅当你计划发布你的电子书为一本 PDF 书时，这是很重要的。设置页面意味着你的书将不包含大量的穿越屏幕的让眼睛疲劳的文本。
选择 **格式 > 页面** 来打开 **页面样式** 窗口。我的 PDF 电子书通常是 5x8 英寸高(大约 13x20cm ，对于我们这些生活在米制世界的人来说)。我也设置页边距为半英寸(约 1.25 cm)。这些是我较喜欢的尺寸；使用任何适合你的尺寸。
![LibreOffice Page Style window][2]
在 LibreOffice Writer 中的页面样式窗口让你设置页边距和页格式。
接下来，添加页脚以显示页码。保持页面样式窗口打开着，并单击 **页脚** 选项卡。选择 **在页脚上** 并单击 **确定** 。
在该页面上，在页脚中单击，然后选择 **插入 > 字段 > 页码**。不要担心页码的位置和外观；我们接下来会处理。
### 设置你的样式
像模板本身一样,样式为你的文档提供一种一致的外观和体验。如果你想更改一个标题的字体或大小,例如，你只需要在一个地方完成它，而不是手动应用格式化到每个标题。
标准化的 LibreOffice 模板带有许多样式，你可以调整它们以适应你的需要。为此，按 **F11** 来打开 **样式和格式** 窗口。
![LibreOffice styles and formatting][4]
使用样式和格式窗口更改字体和其它细节。
在一个样式上右键单击，并选择 **修改** 来编辑它。 这里是我在每本中使用的主要样式：
样式 | 字体 | 间距 / 对齐方式
:-: | :-: | :-:
标题 1 | Liberation Sans, 36 pt | 上面 36 pt ，下面 48 pt ，左对齐
标题 2 | Liberation Sans, 18 pt | 上面 12 pt ，下面 12 pt ，左对齐
标题 3 | Liberation Sans, 14 pt | 上面 12 pt ，下面 12 pt ，左对齐
正文 | Liberation Sans, 12 pt | 上面 12 pt ，下面 12 pt ，左对齐
页脚 | Liberation Sans, 10 pt | 居中对齐
![LibreOffice styles in action][6]
这是当我们应用到电子书内容时的一个选择的样式外观。
对于大多数书来说，这通常是最小量要求。可以随便更改字体和空格来适应你的要求。
根据你正在编写书的类型，你可能也想创建或修改项目符合样式，以及数字列表，引号、代码示例，数字符号等等。只需要记住始终如一地使用字体以及其大小。
### 保存你的模板
选择 **文件 > 另存为** 。在保持对话框中，从格式列表中选择 _ODF 文本文档模板 (.ott)_ 。这将保存模板为一个模板，以后你可以快速调用该模板。
保存模板的最佳位置是 LibreOffice 模板文件夹。例如，在 Linux 中,那是在你的 **/home** 目录下，在 . **config/libreoffice/4/user/template** 下。
### 编写你的书
在你开始编写前，在你的计算机上创建一个文件夹，它将为你的书保存所有的文件--章节，图像，笔记等等。
当你准备编写时，启动 LibreOffice Writer 并选择 **文件 > 新建 > 模板** 。然后从列表中选择你的模板，并单击 **打开**。
![LibreOffice Writer template list][8]
从你在 LibreOffice Writer 中设置的列表中选择你的模板，并开始编写。
然后用一个描述性名称保存文档。
建议使用像 _章节 1_ 和 _章节 2_ 这样的惯例--在某些时候，你可能决定重新编排你的章节，当你尝试管理这些章节时，它可能会变得混乱。然而，你可以在文件名称中放置章节数字，像 _章节 1_ 或 _Ch1 。很容易重命名一个文件,_ 。如果你完成重新排版书的章节，像这样重命名更容易。
别再碍事，开始编写。记住在模板中使用样式来格式化文本--这就是为什么你要创建模板，对吧？
### 发布你的电子书
在完成编写一堆章节后，并准备发布它们时，创建一个主控文档。把一个主控文档作为你所编写章节的一个容器。使用一个主控文档，你可以快速地组装你的书，并任意重新排序你的章节。LibreOffice 帮助提供使用[主控文档][9]的详细信息。
假设你想生成一个 PDF ，不要只是单击**直接导出到 PDF** 按钮。这将创建一个相当不错的 PDF ，但是你可能想优化它。为此，选择 **文件 > 导出为 PDF** ，并在 PDF 窗口中轻微调整。你可以在 [LibreOffice Writer 文档][10] 中学到更多东西。
如果你想创建一个 EPUB 而不是 一个PDF ，或者除了一个 PDF 以外，另外创建一个 EPUB，安装 [Writer2EPUB][11] 扩展。Opensource.com 的 Bryan Behrenshausen 为这个扩展[分享一些有用的说明][12] 。
### 结束语
我们在这里创建的模板是极简单的，但是你将其用于一本简单的书，或者作为构建一个复杂模板的起点。不管怎样，这个模板都会让你快速地开始编写和发布你的电子书。
### 关于作者About The Author
Scott Nesbitt ；我是一个长期使用自由开放源码软件的人；写各种东西都是为了玩；盈利。我不太看重我自己；我做我自己的特效。你可以在网上的一些高质量的大型组装找到我的踪迹。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/17/10/creating-ebook-chapter-template-libreoffice-writer
作者：[Scott Nesbitt][a]
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/scottnesbitt
[2]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life-uploads/lo-page-style.png (LibreOffice Page Style window)
[4]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life-uploads/lo-paragraph-style.png (LibreOffice styles and formatting window)
[5]:/file/374466
[6]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life-uploads/lo-styles-in-action.png (Example of LibreOffice styles)
[8]:https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/images/life-uploads/lo-template-list.png (Template list - LibreOffice Writer)
[9]:https://help.libreoffice.org/Writer/Working_with_Master_Documents_and_Subdocuments
[10]:https://help.libreoffice.org/Common/Export_as_PDF
[11]:http://writer2epub.it/en/
[12]:https://opensource.com/life/13/8/how-create-ebook-open-source-way

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (wxy)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11737-1.html)
[#]: subject: (10 resources to boost your Git skills)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/12/git-resources)
[#]: author: (Joshua Allen Holm https://opensource.com/users/holmja)
@ -10,22 +10,22 @@
10 个提高 Git 技能的资源
======
> 年末总结一下 Git 的最佳表现。以下是在新的一年中以新奇的方式使用 Git 的十篇文章。
> 年末总结一下 Git 的最佳表现。以下是告诉你可以在新的一年中以新奇的方式使用 Git 的十篇文章。
![open source button on keyboard][1]
![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202001/02/093934q5ifu46u4nuq4lgi.jpg)
快到 2019 年底了，是时候回顾一下我们今年发表的有关 Git 的前 10 篇文章了。
2019 年过去了，是时候回顾一下我们（opensource.com）今年发表的有关 Git 的前 10 篇文章了。
这些文章包括从用例和教程到一些非常有趣的（甚至有些非常规的）使用 Git 的方法。所有这些文章都可以帮助你提高 Git 技能，但是，如果你确实需要 Git 入门介绍，请务必查看我们的《[Git 入门：术语入门][2]》文章，并下载我们的 [Git 备忘单][3]。
1. Molly de Blanc 写的《[GNOME 如何使用 Git][4]》考察了 GNOME 项目采用的自托管 GitLab 实例的做法，该实例作为 GNOME 项目集中保存为 GNOME 做出的贡献的位置。De Blanc 从事于非编码职位，因此她的文章还探讨了切换到 GitLab 如何使主要角色不是编写代码的贡献者受益。
1. Molly de Blanc 写的《[GNOME 项目如何使用 Git][4]》考察了 GNOME 项目采用的自托管 GitLab 实例的做法，该实例作为 GNOME 项目集中保存对 GNOME 做出的贡献的位置。De Blanc 从事于非编码职位，因此她的文章还探讨了切换到 GitLab 如何使主要角色不是编写代码的贡献者受益。
2. Ahmad Awais 写的《[Emoji-Log：编写 Git 提交信息的新方法][5]》解释了如何使用 Emoji-Log（一种直白的、开源的 Git 提交日志标准）来编写更好、更用户友好的 Git 提交消息。本文概述了 Emoji-Log 背后的理论以及可添加到 `.bashrc`、`.zshrc` 或 `.gitconfig` 中的配置示例，以便你快速开始使用 Emoji-Log。
3. 在《[用 Git 管理你的每日行程][6]》中，Seth Kenlon 解释了如何使用 Git 来管理日历。通过结合 Org 模式、Git 和其他一些工具，Kenlon 描述了如何创建可在设备之间同步的基于 Git 的日历工作流。
4. 《[用 Git 作为聊天应用的后端][7]》，Seth Kenlon 探索了另一种使用 Git 的非常规方式。在本文中，他探讨了 GIC，这是一个用 Node.js 编写的聊天客户端，其中 Git 用作后端数据库。GIC 是一个概念验证模型，不是供产品环境使用的东西，但是它提供了一个有趣的示例，说明了使用 Git 的真正独特方法。
5. Alan Formy-Duval 的《[Git 学习实用练习][8]》是一份他为提高 Git 技能而努力的编年史。他分享了自己的经验，以使其他人受益于他所学，而 Git 新手将从这篇对 Git 核心功能的出色概述中受益匪浅。
6. 《[用 Git 帮助写作者更好地完成工作][9]》的作者 Seth Kenlon 着眼于写作者如何从基于 Git 的工作流中受益。本文介绍了如何使用 Git 和 Atom 利用 Markdown 进行书写。通过遵循本文中的示例，写作者可以轻松地将复杂的修订控制系统添加到其编写工作流中。
7. Sachin Patil 在《[如何使用 Magit 管理 Git 项目][10]》中，解释了如何使用 Emacs 的 Magit 扩展来管理 Git 存储库。本文提供了有关如何在 Emacs 中执行一系列关键 Git 任务的清晰示例。这些示例由说明各种任务的屏幕截图支持。
8. 《[把“点文件”放到版本控制中][11]》的作者 Matthew Broberg 演示了如何使用 Git 存储放在主目录中的点文件。将你的点文件存储在 Git 存储库中，可以更轻松地在计算机之间共享系统配置，并且，如果你愿意的话，也可以与其他人共享配置。这篇文章也有什么不要共享的警告，因为共享错误的点文件会暴露给其他人。
6. 《[用 Git 帮助写作者更好地完成工作][9]》的作者 Seth Kenlon 着眼于写作者如何从基于 Git 的工作流中受益。本文介绍了如何使用 Git 和 Atom 利用 Markdown 进行书写。通过遵循本文中的示例，写作者可以轻松地将复杂的版本控制系统添加到其编写工作流中。
7. Sachin Patil 在《[如何使用 Magit 管理 Git 项目][10]》中，解释了如何使用 Emacs 的 Magit 扩展来管理 Git 存储库。本文提供了有关如何在 Emacs 中执行一系列关键 Git 任务的清晰示例。这些示例带有说明各种任务的屏幕截图。
8. 《[把“点文件”放到版本控制中][11]》的作者 Matthew Broberg 演示了如何使用 Git 存储放在主目录中的点文件。将你的点文件存储在 Git 存储库中，可以更轻松地在计算机之间共享系统配置，并且，如果你愿意的话，也可以与其他人共享配置。这篇文章也有不要共享哪些文件的警告，因为共享错误的点文件会将其暴露给其他人。
9. Austin Dewey 的《[4 种用于 Git 加密的机密管理工具][12]》在本文中比较了 Git-crypt、BlackBox、SOPS 和 Transcrypt，研究了在 Git 中存储机密的工具。本文涵盖四个主要领域：支持的加密类型、每个项目的目标、项目的工作流和差异以及其他功能。
10. Seth Kenlon 的《[使用 Git 管理 Git 服务器][13]》解释了如何使用 Gitolite 管理 Git 服务器。Gitolite 是使用 Git 来管理 Git 服务器的“管理杂项的后端应用程序”。本文演示了如何安装、配置和使用 Gitolite，并提供了清晰的示例详细说明了该过程的每个步骤。
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/git-resources
作者：[Joshua Allen Holm][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (wxy)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (12 programming resources for coders of all levels)
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/12/programming-resources)
[#]: author: (Erik O'Shaughnessy https://opensource.com/users/jnyjny)
12 个给码农们的编程资源
======
> 无论你身处编程旅程中的何处，这 12 篇编程文章都有你需要学习一些东西。
![Woman sitting in front of her computer][1]
> “学习计算机编程的最佳时间是 20 年前，其次是现在。”
> — （也许是）计算机科学的谚语
你是新程序员、经验丰富的 Web 开发人员、后端大师、头发花白的系统程序员，还是其他神秘物种的计算机极客？无论你身处广阔的软件开发人员生态系统中的何处，在我们领域中唯一不变的就是需要了解新技术及其应用方法。这是过去一年来阅读量最大的 Opensource.com 文章的集合，我很高兴在这里与你分享它们。
### 好好学习
无论你的技能或兴趣是什么，学习如何编写计算机程序都可以将特定领域的知识变成一种超能力。不幸的是，至少从现在开始，还不可能通过坐在计算机前面接受电磁辐射就能学会如何编程。在这之前，我推荐这些出色的文章来帮助激发你的编程技能。它们解决了一些重要的问题，例如考虑学习哪种语言以及不同的入门方式。
* [你应该学习哪种编程语言？][2]
* [学习 Python 的 12 个方式][3]
* [你可以使用树莓派学习的三种流行编程语言][4]
* [利用 Python 引导孩子的计算机思维][5]
### 天天向上
经验丰富的程序员知道，与学习编程相比，唯一更难的就是使你的技能和知识保持最新。但是我们是[自学成才][6]的一族，总是希望提高我们的专业知识和理解力。即使我们不期望使用新技术，我们也知道总会有人问起它们。这些有关 Rust、WebAssembly 和 Podman 的文章是开始学习软件技术一些即将出现的趋势的好地方。
* [为什么要在 WebAssembly 中使用 Rust？][7]
* [使用 WebAssembly 提升命令行游乐场][8]
* [免 root 的 Podman 如何工作？][9]
* [为什么选择 Rust 作为你的下一种编程语言][10]
### 老兵不死
尽管新技术层出不穷，但回顾过去可以帮助你前进。当今惊人的技术是建立在昨天的工具之上的，即使我们从未使用这些传奇语言编写过代码，它也将使我们很好地理解这些工具的功能和局限性。这一系列文章集中于 C 语言、用 AWK 编写的实际应用程序，以及对流行度下降但也许还没有消亡的计算机语言的有趣讨论。
* [C 的巨大影响] [11]
* [如何写好 C main 函数][12]
* [用 AWK 喝咖啡][13]
* [你最喜欢的“死”语言是什么？][14]
### 学习不止
无论你在编程过程中处于何处，总有更多东西需要学习。我希望这些来自 2019 年的顶级资源能帮助你为 2020 年做好准备。感谢作者们和你——读者。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/programming-resources
作者：[Erik O'Shaughnessy][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jnyjny
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/OSDC_women_computing_3.png?itok=qw2A18BM (Woman sitting in front of her computer)
[2]: https://linux.cn/article-10769-1.html
[3]: https://linux.cn/article-11280-1.html
[4]: https://linux.cn/article-10661-1.html
[5]: https://linux.cn/article-11116-1.html
[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodidacticism
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/why-use-rust-webassembly
[8]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/command-line-playgrounds-webassembly
[9]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/how-does-rootless-podman-work
[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/choose-rust-programming-language
[11]: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/command-line-heroes-c
[12]: https://linux.cn/article-10949-1.html
[13]: https://linux.cn/article-10555-1.html
[14]: https://opensource.com/article/19/6/favorite-dead-language