选题: 20200109 My favorite Bash hacks

sources/tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md
2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00 · 2020-01-10 00:55:49 +08:00 · 2020-01-10 00:55:49 +08:00 · 874447fbc6
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+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+[#]: subject: (My favorite Bash hacks)
+[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/bash-scripts-aliases)
+[#]: author: (Katie McLaughlin https://opensource.com/users/glasnt)
+
+My favorite Bash hacks
+======
+Improve your productivity with aliases and other shortcuts for the
+things you forget too often.
+![bash logo on green background][1]
+
+When you work with computers all day, it's fantastic to find repeatable commands and tag them for easy use later on. They all sit there, tucked away in **~/.bashrc** (or ~/.zshrc for [Zsh users][2]), waiting to help improve your day!
+
+In this article, I share some of my favorite of these helper commands for things I forget a lot, in hopes that they will save you, too, some heartache over time.
+
+### Say when it's over
+
+When I'm using longer-running commands, I often multitask and then have to go back and check if the action has completed. But not anymore, with this helpful invocation of **say** (this is on MacOS; change for your local equivalent):
+
+
+```
+function looooooooong {
+    START=$(date +%s.%N)
+    $*
+    EXIT_CODE=$?
+    END=$(date +%s.%N)
+    DIFF=$(echo "$END - $START" | bc)
+    RES=$(python -c "diff = $DIFF; min = int(diff / 60); print('%s min' % min)")
+    result="$1 completed in $RES, exit code $EXIT_CODE."
+    echo -e "\n⏰  $result"
+    ( say -r 250 $result 2&gt;&amp;1 &gt; /dev/null &amp; )
+}
+```
+
+This command marks the start and end time of a command, calculates the minutes it takes, and speaks the command invoked, the time taken, and the exit code. I find this super helpful when a simple console bell just won't do.
+
+### Install helpers
+
+I started using Ubuntu back in the Lucid days, and one of the first things I needed to learn was how to install packages. And one of the first aliases I ever added was a helper for this (named based on the memes of the day):
+
+
+```
+`alias canhas="sudo apt-get install -y"`
+```
+
+### GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) signing
+
+On the off chance I have to sign a [GPG][3] email without having an extension or application to do it for me, I drop down into the command line and use these terribly dorky aliases:
+
+
+```
+alias gibson="gpg --encrypt --sign --armor"
+alias ungibson="gpg --decrypt"
+```
+
+### Docker
+
+There are many Docker commands, but there are even more **docker compose** commands. I used to forget the **\--rm** flags, but not anymore with these useful aliases:
+
+
+```
+alias dc="docker-compose"
+alias dcr="docker-compose run --rm"
+alias dcb="docker-compose run --rm --build"
+```
+
+### gcurl helper for Google Cloud
+
+This one is relatively new to me, but it's [heavily documented][4]. gcurl is an alias to ensure you get all the correct flags when using local curl commands with authentication headers when working with Google Cloud APIs. 
+
+### Git and ~/.gitignore
+
+I work a lot in Git, so I have a special section dedicated to Git helpers.
+
+One of my most useful helpers is one I use to clone GitHub repos. Instead of having to run:
+
+
+```
+`git clone git@github.com:org/repo /Users/glasnt/git/org/repo`
+```
+
+I set up a clone function:
+
+
+```
+clone(){
+    echo Cloning $1 to ~/git/$1
+    cd ~/git
+    git clone [git@github.com][5]:$1 $1
+    cd $1
+}
+```
+
+Even though I always forget and giggle any time I'm diving into my **~/.bashrc** file, I also have my "refresh upstream" command:
+
+
+```
+`alias yoink="git checkout master && git fetch upstream master && git merge upstream/master"`
+```
+
+Another helper for Git-ville is a global ignore file. In your **git config --global --list** you should see a **core.excludesfile**. If not, [create one][6], and fill it full of things that you always put into your individual **.gitignore** files. As a Python developer on MacOS, for me this is:
+
+
+```
+.DS_Store     # macOS clutter
+venv/         # I never want to commit my virtualenv
+*.egg-info/*  # ... nor any locally compiled packages
+__pycache__   # ... or source
+*.swp         # ... nor any files open in vim
+```
+
+You can find other suggestions over on [Gitignore.io][7] or on the [Gitignore repo][8] on GitHub.
+
+### Your turn
+
+What are your favorite helper commands? Please share them in the comments.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/bash-scripts-aliases
+
+作者：[Katie McLaughlin][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://opensource.com/users/glasnt
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/bash_command_line.png?itok=k4z94W2U (bash logo on green background)
+[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/9/getting-started-zsh
+[3]: https://gnupg.org/
+[4]: https://cloud.google.com/service-infrastructure/docs/service-control/getting-started
+[5]: mailto:git@github.com
+[6]: https://help.github.com/en/github/using-git/ignoring-files#create-a-global-gitignore
+[7]: https://www.gitignore.io/
+[8]: https://github.com/github/gitignore