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[翻译完成]Haohong WANG
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HaohongWANG Translating
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18 Years of GNOME Design and Software Evolution: Step by Step
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一步一脚印：GNOME十八年进化史
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================================================================================
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注：youtube 视频
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<iframe width="660" height="371" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MtmcO5vRNFQ?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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[GNOME][1] (GNU Object Model Environment) was started on August 15th 1997 by two Mexican programmers – Miguel de Icaza and Federico Mena. GNOME – Free Software project to develop a desktop environment and applications by volunteers and paid full-time developers. All of GNOME Desktop Environment is the open source software and support Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD and others.
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[GNOME][1] (GNU Object Model Environment)由两位墨西哥的程序员Miguel de Icaza和Federico Mena 始创于1997年8月15日。GNOME自由软件的桌面环境和应用程序计划由志愿者和全职开发者来开发。所有的GNOME桌面环境都由开源软件组成，并且支持Linux， FreeBSD， OpenBSD 等操作系统。
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Now we move to 1997 and see the first version of GNOME:
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现在就让我穿越到1997年来看看GNOME的第一个版本：
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### GNOME 1 ###
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**GNOME 1.0** (1997) – First major GNOME release
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**GNOME 1.0** (1997) – GNOME 发布的第一个版本
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@ -29,103 +28,103 @@ Now we move to 1997 and see the first version of GNOME:
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**GNOME 2.0**, 2002
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Major upgrade based on GTK+2. Introduction of the Human Interface Guidelines.
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基于GTK+2的重大更新。引入了人机界面指南。
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**GNOME 2.2**, 2003
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Multimedia and file manager improvements.
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改进了多媒体和文件管理器。
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**GNOME 2.4** “Temujin”, 2003
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First release of Epiphany Browser, accessibility support.
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首次发布Epiphany浏览器，增添了辅助功能。
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**GNOME 2.6**, 2004
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Nautilus changes to a spatial file manager, and a new GTK+ file dialog is introduced. A short-lived fork of GNOME, GoneME, is created as a response to the changes in this version.
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启用Nautilus空间文件管理工具同时引入了新的GTK+ （译注：跨平台图形用户界面工具包）对话框。这个转瞬即逝的版本变更被称做是GNOME的一个分支：GoneME。
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**GNOME 2.8**, 2004
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Improved removable device support, adds Evolution
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改良了对可移动设备的支持并新增了Evolution邮件应用。
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**GNOME 2.10**, 2005
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Lower memory requirements and performance improvements. Adds: new panel applets (modem control, drive mounter and trashcan); and the Totem and Sound Juicer applications.
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减小内存需求，改进显示界面。增加网络控制、磁盘挂载和回收站组件以及Totem影片播放器和Sound Juicer CD抓取工具。
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**GNOME 2.12**, 2005
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Nautilus improvements; improvements in cut/paste between applications and freedesktop.org integration. Adds: Evince PDF viewer; New default theme: Clearlooks; menu editor; keyring manager and admin tools. Based on GTK+ 2.8 with cairo support
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改进了Nautilus以及跨平台剪切/粘贴功能的整合。 新增Evince PDF阅读器；新预设主题Clearlooks；新增菜单编辑器、管理员工具与环状管理器。基于支持Cairo的GTK+2.8。
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**GNOME 2.14**, 2006
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Performance improvements (over 100% in some cases); usability improvements in user preferences; GStreamer 0.10 multimedia framework. Adds: Ekiga video conferencing application; Deskbar search tool; Pessulus lockdown editor; Fast user switching; Sabayon system administration tool.
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改善显示效果；增强易用性；基于GStreamer 0.10多媒体框架。增加了Ekiga视频会议应用，Deskbar搜索工具，Pessulus权限管理器，和Sabayon系统管理员工具和快速切换用户功能。
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**GNOME 2.16**, 2006
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Performance improvements. Adds: Tomboy notetaking application; Baobab disk usage analyser; Orca screen reader; GNOME Power Manager (improving laptop battery life); improvements to Totem, Nautilus; compositing support for Metacity; new icon theme. Based on GTK+ 2.10 with new print dialog
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界面改良。增加了Tomboy笔记应用，Baobab磁盘用量分析应用，Orca屏幕朗读器以及GNOME 电源管理程序（以延长笔记本电池寿命）；改进了Totem， Nautilus， 使用了新的图标主题。基于GTK+ 2.0 的全新显示对话框。
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**GNOME 2.18**, 2007
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Performance improvements. Adds: Seahorse GPG security application, allowing encryption of emails and local files; Baobab disk usage analyser improved to support ring chart view; Orca screen reader; improvements to Evince, Epiphany and GNOME Power Manager, Volume control; two new games, GNOME Sudoku and glChess. MP3 and AAC audio encoding.
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界面改良。增加了Seahorse GPG安全应用，可以对邮件和本地文件进行加密；Baobab增加了环状图表显示方式；改进了Orca，Evince， Epiphany， GNOME电源管理，音量控制；增加了两款新游戏：GNOME数独和国际象棋。支持MP3和AAC音频解码。
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**GNOME 2.20**, 2007
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Tenth anniversary release. Evolution backup functionality; improvements in Epiphany, EOG, GNOME Power Manager; password keyring management in Seahorse. Adds: PDF forms editing in Evince; integrated search in the file manager dialogs; automatic multimedia codec installer.
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发布十周年版本。Evolution增加了备份功能；改进了Epiphany，EOG，GNOME电源管理以及Seahorse中的Keyring密码管理方式；在Evince中可以编辑PDF文档；文件管理界面中整合了搜索模块；自动安装多媒体解码器。
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**GNOME 2.22**, 2008
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Addition of Cheese, a tool for taking photos from webcams and Remote Desktop Viewer; basic window compositing support in Metacity; introduction of GVFS; improved playback support for DVDs and YouTube, MythTV support in Totem; internationalised clock applet; Google Calendar support and message tagging in Evolution; improvements in Evince, Tomboy, Sound Juicer and Calculator.
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新增Cheese应用，它是一个可以截取网络摄像头和远程桌面图像的工具；Metacity支持基本的窗口叠加复合；引入GVFS(译注：GNOME Virtual file system，GNOME虚拟文件系统)；改善了Totem播放DVD 和YouTube的效果，支持播放MythTV；在Evolution中新增了谷歌日历以及为信息添加标签的功能；改进了Evince， Tomboy， Sound Juicer和计算器。
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**GNOME 2.24**, 2008
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Addition of the Empathy instant messenger client, Ekiga 3.0, tabbed browsing in Nautilus, better multiple screens support and improved digital TV support.
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新增了Empathy即时通讯软件，Ekiga升级至3.0版本；Nautilus支持标签式浏览，更好的支持了多屏幕显示方式和数字电视功能。
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**GNOME 2.26**, 2009
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New optical disc recording application Brasero, simpler file sharing, media player improvements, support for multiple monitors and fingerprint reader support.
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新增光盘刻录应用Brasero；简化了文件分享的流程，改进了媒体播放器的性能；支持多显示器和指纹识别器。
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**GNOME 2.28**, 2009
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Addition of GNOME Bluetooth module. Improvements to Epiphany web browser, Empathy instant messenger client, Time Tracker, and accessibility. Upgrade to GTK+ version 2.18.
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增加了GNOME 蓝牙模块；改进了Epiphany ，Empathy，时间追踪器和辅助功能。GTK+升级至2.18版本。
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**GNOME 2.30**, 2010
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Improvements to Nautilus file manager, Empathy instant messenger client, Tomboy, Evince, Time Tracker, Epiphany, and Vinagre. iPod and iPod Touch devices are now partially supported via GVFS through libimobiledevice. Uses GTK+ 2.20.
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改进了Nautilus，Empathy，Tomboy，Evince，Time Tracker，Epiphany和 Vinagre。借助基于libimobiledevice(译注：支持iOS®设备跨平台使用的工具协议库)的GVFS可以访问部分iPod 和iPod Touch。
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**GNOME 2.32**, 2010
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Addition of Rygel and GNOME Color Manager. Improvements to Empathy instant messenger client, Evince, Nautilus file manager and others. 3.0 was intended to be released in September 2010, so a large part of the development effort since 2.30 went towards 3.0.
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新增Rygel 媒体分享工具和GNOME色彩管理器；改进了Empathy即时通讯客户端，Evince，Nautilus文件管理器等。计划于2010年9月发布3.0版本，因此大部分开发者的精力都由2.3x转移至了3.0版本。
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### GNOME 3 ###
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**GNOME 3.0**, 2011
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Introduction of GNOME Shell. A redesigned settings framework with fewer, more focused options. Topic-oriented help based on the Mallard markup language. Side-by-side window tiling. A new visual theme and default font. Adoption of GTK+ 3.0 with its improved language bindings, themes, touch, and multiplatform support. Removal of long-deprecated development APIs.[73]
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引入GNOME Shell，一个重新设计的、具有更简练更集中的选项的框架。基于Mallard标记语言的话题导向型帮助。支持窗口并列堆叠。启用新的视觉主题和字体。采用GTK+3.0，具有更好的语言绑定，主题，触控以及多平台支持。去除了长期弃用的API。
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**GNOME 3.2**, 2011
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Online accounts support; Web applications support; contacts manager; documents and files manager; quick preview of files in the File Manager; greater integration; better documentation; enhanced looks and various performance improvements.
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支持在线帐户，Web应用；新增通讯录应用和文档文件管理器；文件管理器支持快速预览；整合性能，更新文档以及对外观的一些小改进。
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**GNOME 3.4**, 2012
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New Look for GNOME 3 Applications: Documents, Epiphany (now called Web), and GNOME Contacts. Search for documents from the Activities overview. Application menus support. Refreshed interface components: New color picker, redesigned scrollbars, easier to use spin buttons, and hideable title bars. Smooth scrolling support. New animated backgrounds. Improved system settings with new Wacom panel. Easier extensions management. Better hardware support. Topic-oriented documentation. Video calling and Live Messenger support in Empathy. Better accessibility: Improved Orca integration, better high contrast mode, and new zoom settings. Plus many other application enhancements and smaller details.
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全新的GNOME 3 应用程序外观：文件，Epiphany（更名为Web），GNOME 通讯录。可以在Activities Overview中搜索本地文件。支持应用菜单。焕然一新的界面元素：崭新的颜色拾取器，重新设计的滚动条，更易使用的旋转按钮以及可隐藏的标题栏。支持视角平滑。全新的动态壁纸。在系统设置中增添了对Wacom数位板的支持。更简便的扩展应用管理。更好的硬件支持。面向主题的文档。在Empathy中提供了对视频电话和动态信息的支持。更好的辅助功能：提升Orca整合度，增强高对比度模式适配性，以及全新的缩放设置。大量应用和细节的改进。
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**GNOME 3.6**, 2012
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Refreshed Core components: New applications button and improved layout in the Activities Overview. A new login and lock screen. Redesigned Message Tray. Notifications are now smarter, more noticeable, easier to dismiss. Improved interface and settings for System Settings. The user menu now shows Power Off by default. Integrated Input Methods. Accessibility is always on. New applications: Boxes, that was introduced as a preview version in GNOME 3.4, and Clocks, an application to handle world times. Updated looks for Disk Usage Analyzer, Empathy and Font Viewer. Improved braille support in Orca. In Web, the previously blank start page was replaced by a grid that holds your most visited pages, plus better full screen mode and a beta of WebKit2. Evolution renders email using WebKit. Major improvements to Disks. Revamped Files application (also known as Nautilus), with new features like Recent files and search.
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全新设计的核心元素：新的应用按钮和改进的Activities Overview布局。新的登陆锁定界面。重新设计的通知栏。通知现在更智能，可见性更高，同时更容易操作。改进了系统设置的界面和设定逻辑。用户菜单默认显示关机操作。整合了输入法。辅助功能一直开启。新的应用：Boxes虚拟机，在GNOME 3.4中发布了预览版。Clocks时钟， 可以显示世界时间。升级了磁盘用量分析，Empathy和 Font Viewer的外观。改进了Orca对布莱叶盲文的支持。 在Web浏览器中， 用最常访问页面取代了之前的空白起始页，增添了更好的全屏模式并使用了WebKit2测试版引擎. Evolution 开始使用WebKit提交邮件。 改进了磁盘功能。 改进了文件管理应用即之前的Nautilus， 新增诸如最近访问的文件和搜索等功能。
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**GNOME 3.8**, 2013
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Refreshed Core components: A new applications view with frequently used and all apps. An overhauled window layout. New input methods OSD switcher. The Notifications & Messaging tray now react to the force with which the pointer is pressed against the screen edge. Added Classic mode for those who prefer a more traditional desktop experience. The GNOME Settings application features an updated toolbar design. New Initial Setup assistant. GNOME Online Accounts integrates with more services. Web has been upgraded to use the WebKit2 engine. Web has a new private browsing mode. Documents has gained a new dual page mode & Google Documents integration. Improved user interface of Contacts. GNOME Files, GNOME Boxes and GNOME Disks have received a number of improvements. Integration of ownCloud. New GNOME Core Applications: GNOME Clocks and GNOME Weather.
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令人耳目一新的核心组件：新应用界面可以分别显示常用应用及全部应用，窗口布局得到全面改造。新的屏幕即现式输入法开关。通知和信息现在会对屏幕边缘的点击作出回应。为那些喜欢传统桌面的用户提供了经典模式。重新设计了设置界面的工具栏。新的初始化引导流程。GNOME 在线帐户添加了对更多供应商的支持。浏览器正式启用WebKit2引擎。文档支持双页模式并且整合了Google 文档。通讯录的UI升级。GNOME Files，GNOME Boxes和GNOME Disks都得到了大幅改进。两款全新的GNOME核心应用：GNOME时钟和GNOME天气。
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**GNOME 3.10**, 2013
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A reworked system status area, which gives a more focused overview of the system. A collection of new applications, including GNOME Maps, GNOME Notes, GNOME Music and GNOME Photos. New geolocation features, such as automatic time zones and world clocks. HiDPI support[75] and smart card support. D-Bus activation made possible with GLib 2.38
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全新设计的系统状态界面，能够更直观的纵览全局。一系列新应用，包括GNOME Maps， GNOME Notes， GNOME Music 和GNOME Photos。新的基于位置的功能，如自动时区和世界时间。支持高分辨率及智能卡。 基于GLib 2.38提供了对D-Bus的支持。
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**GNOME 3.12**, 2014
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Improved keyboard navigation and window selection in the Overview. Revamped first set-up utility based on usability tests. Wired networking re-added to the system status area. Customizable application folders in the Applications view. Introduction of new GTK+ widgets such as popovers in many applications. New tab style in GTK+. GNOME Videos GNOME Terminal and gedit were given a fresh look, more consistent with the HIG. A search provider for the terminal emulator is included in GNOME Shell. Improvements to GNOME Software and high-density display support. A new sound recorder application. New desktop notifications API. Progress in the Wayland port has reached a usable state that can be optionally previewed.
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改进了Overview中的键盘导航和窗口选择，基于易用性测试对初始设置进行了修改。有线网络重新回到了状态栏上，在应用预览中可以自定义应用文件夹。在大量应用的对话框中引入了新的GTK+小工具同时使用了新的GTK+标签风格。GNOME Videos，GNOME 终端以及Gedit都改用了全新外观，更贴合HIG（译注：Human Interface Guidelines，人机界面指南）。在GNOME Shell的终端仿真器中提供了搜索预测功能。增强了对GNOME软件和高密度显示屏的支持。提供了新的录音工具。增加了新的桌面通知接口。在Wayland中的进程被置于更易使用的位置并可以进行选择性预览。
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**GNOME 3.14**, 2014
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Improved desktop environment animations. Improved touchscreen support. GNOME Software supports managing installed add-ons. GNOME Photos adds support for Google. Redesigned UI for Evince, Sudoku, Mines and Weather. Hitori is added as part of GNOME Games.
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更炫酷的桌面环境效果，改善了对触摸屏的支持。GNOME Software supports managing installed add-ons. 在GNOME Photos中可以访问Google相册。重绘了Evince，数独，扫雷和天气应用的用户界面，同时增加了一款叫做Hitori 的GNOME游戏。
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**GNOME 3.16**, 2015
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33,000 changes. Major changes include UI color scheme goes from black to charcoal. Overlay scroll bars added. Improvements to notifications including integration with Calendar applet. Tweaks to various apps including Files, Image Viewer, and Maps. Access to Preview Apps. Continued porting from X11 to Wayland.
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33，000处改变。主要修改了UI的配色方案。 增加了即现式滚动条。通知窗口中整合了日历应用。对文件管理器，图像查看器和地图等大量应用进行了微调。可以预览应用程序。进一步使用Wayland取代X11。
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Thanks to [Wikipedia][2] for short changelogs review and another big thanks for GNOME Project! Stay tuned!
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感谢GNOME Project及[Wikipedia][2]提供的变更日志！感谢阅读！（译注：原文此处为“敬请期待”。）
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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@ -191,7 +190,7 @@ Thanks to [Wikipedia][2] for short changelogs review and another big thanks for
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via: https://tlhp.cf/18-years-of-gnome-evolution/
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作者：[Pavlo Rudyi][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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译者：[Haohong WANG](https://github.com/HaohongWANG)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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