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add 翻译中 to Building a data science portfolio: Storytelling with data (#4624)

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朱 本金 2016-11-05 22:32:08 -05:00 committed by Ezio
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sources/tech/20160602 Building a data science portfolio - Storytelling with data.md
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@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
@poodarchu 翻译中
Building a data science portfolio: Storytelling with data Building a data science portfolio: Storytelling with data
======== ========
@ -419,13 +422,13 @@ data["class_size"].head()
Out[4]: Out[4]:
| | CSD | BOROUGH | SCHOOL CODE | SCHOOL NAME | GRADE | PROGRAM TYPE | CORE SUBJECT (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | CORE COURSE (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | SERVICE CATEGORY(K-9* ONLY) | NUMBER OF STUDENTS / SEATS FILLED | NUMBER OF SECTIONS | AVERAGE CLASS SIZE | SIZE OF SMALLEST CLASS | SIZE OF LARGEST CLASS | DATA SOURCE | SCHOOLWIDE PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO | | | CSD | BOROUGH | SCHOOL CODE | SCHOOL NAME | GRADE | PROGRAM TYPE | CORE SUBJECT (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | CORE COURSE (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | SERVICE CATEGORY(K-9* ONLY) | NUMBER OF STUDENTS / SEATS FILLED | NUMBER OF SECTIONS | AVERAGE CLASS SIZE | SIZE OF SMALLEST CLASS | SIZE OF LARGEST CLASS | DATA SOURCE | SCHOOLWIDE PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ---- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ------------------------- | ----- | ------------ | ------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | ---------------------- | --------------------- | ----------- | ------------------------------ |
| 0 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | GEN ED | - | - | - | 19.0 | 1.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | ATS | NaN | | 0 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | GEN ED | - | - | - | 19.0 | 1.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | ATS | NaN |
| 1 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | CTT | - | - | - | 21.0 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | ATS | NaN | | 1 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | CTT | - | - | - | 21.0 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | ATS | NaN |
| 2 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN | | 2 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN |
| 3 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | CTT | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN | | 3 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | CTT | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN |
| 4 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 02 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 15.0 | 1.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | ATS | NaN | | 4 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 02 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 15.0 | 1.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | ATS | NaN |
As you can see above, it looks like the `DBN` is actually a combination of `CSD`, `BOROUGH`, and `SCHOOL CODE`. For those unfamiliar with New York City, it is composed of `5` boroughs. Each borough is an organizational unit, and is about the same size as a fairly large US City.`DBN` stands for `District Borough Number`. It looks like `CSD` is the District, `BOROUGH` is the borough, and when combined with the `SCHOOL CODE`, forms the `DBN`. There’s no systematized way to find insights like this in data, and it requires some exploration and playing around to figure out. As you can see above, it looks like the `DBN` is actually a combination of `CSD`, `BOROUGH`, and `SCHOOL CODE`. For those unfamiliar with New York City, it is composed of `5` boroughs. Each borough is an organizational unit, and is about the same size as a fairly large US City.`DBN` stands for `District Borough Number`. It looks like `CSD` is the District, `BOROUGH` is the borough, and when combined with the `SCHOOL CODE`, forms the `DBN`. There’s no systematized way to find insights like this in data, and it requires some exploration and playing around to figure out.
@ -468,13 +471,13 @@ survey.head()
``` ```
Out[16]: Out[16]:
| | N_p | N_s | N_t | aca_p_11 | aca_s_11 | aca_t_11 | aca_tot_11 | bn | com_p_11 | com_s_11 | ... | t_q8c_1 | t_q8c_2 | t_q8c_3 | t_q8c_4 | t_q9 | t_q9_1 | t_q9_2 | t_q9_3 | t_q9_4 | t_q9_5 | | | N_p | N_s | N_t | aca_p_11 | aca_s_11 | aca_t_11 | aca_tot_11 | bn | com_p_11 | com_s_11 | ... | t_q8c_1 | t_q8c_2 | t_q8c_3 | t_q8c_4 | t_q9 | t_q9_1 | t_q9_2 | t_q9_3 | t_q9_4 | t_q9_5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ---- | ----- | ----- | ---- | -------- | -------- | -------- | ---------- | ---- | -------- | -------- | ---- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ---- | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ |
| 0 | 90.0 | NaN | 22.0 | 7.8 | NaN | 7.9 | 7.9 | M015 | 7.6 | NaN | ... | 29.0 | 67.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | NaN | 5.0 | 14.0 | 52.0 | 24.0 | 5.0 | | 0 | 90.0 | NaN | 22.0 | 7.8 | NaN | 7.9 | 7.9 | M015 | 7.6 | NaN | ... | 29.0 | 67.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | NaN | 5.0 | 14.0 | 52.0 | 24.0 | 5.0 |
| 1 | 161.0 | NaN | 34.0 | 7.8 | NaN | 9.1 | 8.4 | M019 | 7.6 | NaN | ... | 74.0 | 21.0 | 6.0 | 0.0 | NaN | 3.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 78.0 | 9.0 | | 1 | 161.0 | NaN | 34.0 | 7.8 | NaN | 9.1 | 8.4 | M019 | 7.6 | NaN | ... | 74.0 | 21.0 | 6.0 | 0.0 | NaN | 3.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 78.0 | 9.0 |
| 2 | 367.0 | NaN | 42.0 | 8.6 | NaN | 7.5 | 8.0 | M020 | 8.3 | NaN | ... | 33.0 | 35.0 | 20.0 | 13.0 | NaN | 3.0 | 5.0 | 16.0 | 70.0 | 5.0 | | 2 | 367.0 | NaN | 42.0 | 8.6 | NaN | 7.5 | 8.0 | M020 | 8.3 | NaN | ... | 33.0 | 35.0 | 20.0 | 13.0 | NaN | 3.0 | 5.0 | 16.0 | 70.0 | 5.0 |
| 3 | 151.0 | 145.0 | 29.0 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 7.9 | M034 | 8.2 | 5.9 | ... | 21.0 | 45.0 | 28.0 | 7.0 | NaN | 0.0 | 18.0 | 32.0 | 39.0 | 11.0 | | 3 | 151.0 | 145.0 | 29.0 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 7.9 | M034 | 8.2 | 5.9 | ... | 21.0 | 45.0 | 28.0 | 7.0 | NaN | 0.0 | 18.0 | 32.0 | 39.0 | 11.0 |
| 4 | 90.0 | NaN | 23.0 | 7.9 | NaN | 8.1 | 8.0 | M063 | 7.9 | NaN | ... | 59.0 | 36.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | NaN | 10.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 60.0 | 15.0 | | 4 | 90.0 | NaN | 23.0 | 7.9 | NaN | 8.1 | 8.0 | M063 | 7.9 | NaN | ... | 59.0 | 36.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | NaN | 10.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 60.0 | 15.0 |
5 rows × 2773 columns 5 rows × 2773 columns
@ -513,13 +516,13 @@ data["class_size"].head()
Out[18]: Out[18]:
| | CSD | BOROUGH | SCHOOL CODE | SCHOOL NAME | GRADE | PROGRAM TYPE | CORE SUBJECT (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | CORE COURSE (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | SERVICE CATEGORY(K-9* ONLY) | NUMBER OF STUDENTS / SEATS FILLED | NUMBER OF SECTIONS | AVERAGE CLASS SIZE | SIZE OF SMALLEST CLASS | SIZE OF LARGEST CLASS | DATA SOURCE | SCHOOLWIDE PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO | DBN | | | CSD | BOROUGH | SCHOOL CODE | SCHOOL NAME | GRADE | PROGRAM TYPE | CORE SUBJECT (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | CORE COURSE (MS CORE and 9-12 ONLY) | SERVICE CATEGORY(K-9* ONLY) | NUMBER OF STUDENTS / SEATS FILLED | NUMBER OF SECTIONS | AVERAGE CLASS SIZE | SIZE OF SMALLEST CLASS | SIZE OF LARGEST CLASS | DATA SOURCE | SCHOOLWIDE PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO | DBN |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ---- | ---- | ------- | ----------- | ------------------------- | ----- | ------------ | ------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | ---------------------- | --------------------- | ----------- | ------------------------------ | ------ |
| 0 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | GEN ED | - | - | - | 19.0 | 1.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | | 0 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | GEN ED | - | - | - | 19.0 | 1.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 |
| 1 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | CTT | - | - | - | 21.0 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | | 1 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 0K | CTT | - | - | - | 21.0 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 |
| 2 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | | 2 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 |
| 3 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | CTT | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | | 3 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 01 | CTT | - | - | - | 17.0 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 |
| 4 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 02 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 15.0 | 1.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 | | 4 | 1 | M | M015 | P.S. 015 Roberto Clemente | 02 | GEN ED | - | - | - | 15.0 | 1.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | ATS | NaN | 01M015 |
There are several rows for each high school (as you can see by the repeated `DBN` and `SCHOOL NAME` fields). However, if we take a look at the `sat_results` dataset, it only has one row per high school: There are several rows for each high school (as you can see by the repeated `DBN` and `SCHOOL NAME` fields). However, if we take a look at the `sat_results` dataset, it only has one row per high school:
@ -531,13 +534,13 @@ data["sat_results"].head()
Out[21]: Out[21]:
| | DBN | SCHOOL NAME | Num of SAT Test Takers | SAT Critical Reading Avg. Score | SAT Math Avg. Score | SAT Writing Avg. Score | | | DBN | SCHOOL NAME | Num of SAT Test Takers | SAT Critical Reading Avg. Score | SAT Math Avg. Score | SAT Writing Avg. Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ---- | ------ | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------- | ---------------------- |
| 0 | 01M292 | HENRY STREET SCHOOL FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES | 29 | 355 | 404 | 363 | | 0 | 01M292 | HENRY STREET SCHOOL FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES | 29 | 355 | 404 | 363 |
| 1 | 01M448 | UNIVERSITY NEIGHBORHOOD HIGH SCHOOL | 91 | 383 | 423 | 366 | | 1 | 01M448 | UNIVERSITY NEIGHBORHOOD HIGH SCHOOL | 91 | 383 | 423 | 366 |
| 2 | 01M450 | EAST SIDE COMMUNITY SCHOOL | 70 | 377 | 402 | 370 | | 2 | 01M450 | EAST SIDE COMMUNITY SCHOOL | 70 | 377 | 402 | 370 |
| 3 | 01M458 | FORSYTH SATELLITE ACADEMY | 7 | 414 | 401 | 359 | | 3 | 01M458 | FORSYTH SATELLITE ACADEMY | 7 | 414 | 401 | 359 |
| 4 | 01M509 | MARTA VALLE HIGH SCHOOL | 44 | 390 | 433 | 384 | | 4 | 01M509 | MARTA VALLE HIGH SCHOOL | 44 | 390 | 433 | 384 |
In order to combine these datasets, we’ll need to find a way to condense datasets like `class_size` to the point where there’s only a single row per high school. If not, there won’t be a way to compare SAT scores to class size. We can accomplish this by first understanding the data better, then by doing some aggregation. With the `class_size`dataset, it looks like `GRADE` and `PROGRAM TYPE` have multiple values for each school. By restricting each field to a single value, we can filter most of the duplicate rows. In the below code, we: In order to combine these datasets, we’ll need to find a way to condense datasets like `class_size` to the point where there’s only a single row per high school. If not, there won’t be a way to compare SAT scores to class size. We can accomplish this by first understanding the data better, then by doing some aggregation. With the `class_size`dataset, it looks like `GRADE` and `PROGRAM TYPE` have multiple values for each school. By restricting each field to a single value, we can filter most of the duplicate rows. In the below code, we: