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[Translated] 20190227 How To Find Available Network Interfaces On Linux.md
Signed-off-by: Chang Liu <liuchang011235@163.com>
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Chang Liu
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@ -1,202 +0,0 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (FSSlc)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How To Find Available Network Interfaces On Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-find-available-network-interfaces-on-linux/)
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[#]: author: (SK https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
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How To Find Available Network Interfaces On Linux
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======
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One of the common task we do after installing a Linux system is network configuration. Of course, you can configure network interfaces during the installation time. But, some of you might prefer to do it after installation or change the existing settings. As you know already, you must first know how many interfaces are available on the system in-order to configure network settings from command line. This brief tutorial addresses all the possible ways to find available network interfaces on Linux and Unix operating systems.
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### Find Available Network Interfaces On Linux
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We can find the available network cards in couple ways.
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**Method 1 – Using ‘ifconfig’ Command:**
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The most commonly used method to find the network interface details is using **‘ifconfig’** command. I believe some of Linux users might still use this.
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```
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$ ifconfig -a
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```
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Sample output:
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```
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enp5s0: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
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ether 24:b6:fd:37:8b:29 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
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RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
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RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
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TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
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TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
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inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
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inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
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loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
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RX packets 171420 bytes 303980988 (289.8 MiB)
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RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
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TX packets 171420 bytes 303980988 (289.8 MiB)
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TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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wlp9s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
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inet 192.168.225.37 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.225.255
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inet6 2409:4072:6183:c604:c218:85ff:fe50:474f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global>
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inet6 fe80::c218:85ff:fe50:474f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
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ether c0:18:85:50:47:4f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
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RX packets 564574 bytes 628671925 (599.5 MiB)
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RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
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TX packets 299706 bytes 60535732 (57.7 MiB)
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TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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```
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As you see in the above output, I have two network interfaces namely **enp5s0** (on board wired ethernet adapter) and **wlp9s0** (wireless network adapter) on my Linux box. Here, **lo** is loopback interface, which is used to access all network services locally. It has an ip address of 127.0.0.1.
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We can also use the same ‘ifconfig’ command in many UNIX variants, for example **FreeBSD** , to list available network cards.
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**Method 2 – Using ‘ip’ Command:**
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The ‘ifconfig’ command is deprecated in the latest Linux versions. So you can use **‘ip’** command to display the network interfaces as shown below.
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```
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$ ip link show
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```
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Sample output:
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```
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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2: enp5s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
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link/ether 24:b6:fd:37:8b:29 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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3: wlp9s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DORMANT group default qlen 1000
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link/ether c0:18:85:50:47:4f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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```
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You can also use the following commands as well.
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```
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$ ip addr
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$ ip -s link
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```
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Did you notice that these command also shows the connected state of the network interfaces? If you closely look at the above output, you will notice that my Ethernet card is not connected with network cable (see the word **“DOWN”** in the above output). And wireless network card is connected (See the word **“UP”** ). For more details, check our previous guide to [**find the connected state of network interfaces on Linux**][1].
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These two commands (ifconfig and ip) are just enough to find the available network cards on your Linux systems.
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However, there are few other methods available to list network interfaces on Linux. Here you go.
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**Method 3:**
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The Linux Kernel saves the network interface details inside **/sys/class/net** directory. You can verify the list of available interfaces by looking into this directory.
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```
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$ ls /sys/class/net
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```
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Output:
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```
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enp5s0 lo wlp9s0
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```
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**Method 4:**
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In Linux operating systems, **/proc/net/dev** file contains statistics about network interfaces.
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To view the available network cards, just view its contents using command:
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```
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$ cat /proc/net/dev
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```
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Output:
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```
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Inter-| Receive | Transmit
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face |bytes packets errs drop fifo frame compressed multicast|bytes packets errs drop fifo colls carrier compressed
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wlp9s0: 629189631 566078 0 0 0 0 0 0 60822472 300922 0 0 0 0 0 0
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enp5s0: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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lo: 303980988 171420 0 0 0 0 0 0 303980988 171420 0 0 0 0 0 0
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```
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**Method 5: Using ‘netstat’ command**
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The **netstat** command displays various details such as network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships.
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```
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$ netstat -i
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```
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**Sample output:**
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```
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Kernel Interface table
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Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
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lo 65536 171420 0 0 0 171420 0 0 0 LRU
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wlp9s0 1500 565625 0 0 0 300543 0 0 0 BMRU
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```
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Please be mindful that netstat is obsolete. The Replacement for “netstat -i” is “ip -s link”. Also note that this method will list only the active interfaces, not all available interfaces.
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**Method 6: Using ‘nmcli’ command**
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The nmcli is nmcli is a command-line tool for controlling NetworkManager and reporting network status. It is used to create, display, edit, delete, activate, and deactivate network connections and display network status.
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If you have Linux system with Network Manager installed, you can list the available network interfaces using nmcli tool using the following commands:
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```
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$ nmcli device status
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```
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Or,
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```
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$ nmcli connection show
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```
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You know now how to find the available network interfaces on Linux. Next, check the following guides to know how to configure IP address on Linux.
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[How To Configure Static IP Address In Linux And Unix][2]
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[How To Configure IP Address In Ubuntu 18.04 LTS][3]
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[How To Configure Static And Dynamic IP Address In Arch Linux][4]
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[How To Assign Multiple IP Addresses To Single Network Card In Linux][5]
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If you know any other quick ways to do it, please share them in the comment section below. I will check and update the guide with your inputs.
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And, that’s all. More good stuffs to come. Stay tuned!
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Cheers!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-find-available-network-interfaces-on-linux/
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作者：[SK][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-find-out-the-connected-state-of-a-network-cable-in-linux/
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[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/configure-static-ip-address-linux-unix/
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[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-configure-ip-address-in-ubuntu-18-04-lts/
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[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/configure-static-dynamic-ip-address-arch-linux/
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[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-assign-multiple-ip-addresses-to-single-network-card-in-linux/
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@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (FSSlc)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How To Find Available Network Interfaces On Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-find-available-network-interfaces-on-linux/)
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[#]: author: (SK https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
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如何在 Linux 中查看可用的网络接口
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======
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在我们安装完一个 Linux 系统后最为常见的任务便是网络配置了。当然，你可以在安装系统时进行网络接口的配置。但是，对于某些人来说，他们更偏爱在安装完系统后再进行网络的配置或者更改现存的设置。众所周知，为了在命令行中进行网络设定的配置，我们首先必须知道系统中有多少个可用的网络接口。本次这个简单的指南将列出所有可能的方式来在 Linux 和 Unix 操作系统中找到可用的网络接口。
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### 在 Linux 中找到可用的网络接口
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我们可以使用下面的这些方法来找到可用的网络接口。
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**方法 1 —— 使用 `ifconfig` 命令：**
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使用 **`ifconfig`** 命令来查看网络接口仍然是最常使用的方法。我相信还有很多 Linux 用户仍然使用这个方法。
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```
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$ ifconfig -a
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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enp5s0: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
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ether 24:b6:fd:37:8b:29 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
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RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
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RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
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TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
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TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
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inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
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inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
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loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
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RX packets 171420 bytes 303980988 (289.8 MiB)
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RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
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TX packets 171420 bytes 303980988 (289.8 MiB)
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TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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wlp9s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
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inet 192.168.225.37 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.225.255
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inet6 2409:4072:6183:c604:c218:85ff:fe50:474f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global>
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inet6 fe80::c218:85ff:fe50:474f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
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ether c0:18:85:50:47:4f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
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RX packets 564574 bytes 628671925 (599.5 MiB)
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RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
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TX packets 299706 bytes 60535732 (57.7 MiB)
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TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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```
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如上面的输出所示，在我的 Linux 机子上有两个网络接口，它们分别叫做 **enp5s0**（主板上的有线网卡）和 **wlp9s0**（无线网卡）。其中的 **lo** 是环回网卡，被用来访问本地的网络的服务，通常它的 IP 地址为 127.0.0.1。
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我们也可以在许多 UNIX 变种例如 **FreeBSD** 中使用相同的 `ifconfig` 来列出可用的网卡。
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**方法 2 —— 使用 `ip` 命令：**
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在最新的 Linux 版本中， `ifconfig` 命令已经被弃用了。你可以使用 **`ip`** 命令来罗列出网络接口，正如下面这样：
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```
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$ ip link show
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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2: enp5s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
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link/ether 24:b6:fd:37:8b:29 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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3: wlp9s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DORMANT group default qlen 1000
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link/ether c0:18:85:50:47:4f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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```
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你也可以使用下面的命令来查看。
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```
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$ ip addr
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```
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```
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$ ip -s link
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```
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你注意到了吗？这些命令同时还显示出了已经连接的网络接口的状态。假如你仔细查看上面的输出，你将注意到我的有线网卡并没有跟网络线缆连接（从上面输出中的 **DOWN** 可以看出）。另外，我的无线网卡已经连接了（从上面输出中的 **UP** 可以看出）。想知晓更多的细节，可以查看我们先前的指南 [**在 Linux 中查看网络接口的已连接状态**][1]。
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这两个命令（ifconfig 和 ip）已经足够在你的 LInux 系统中查看可用的网卡了。
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然而，仍然有其他方法来列出 Linux 中的网络接口，下面我们接着看。
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**方法 3：**
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Linux 内核将网络接口的详细信息保存在 **/sys/class/net** 目录中，你可以通过查看这个目录的内容来检验可用接口的列表是否和前面的结果相符。
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```
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$ ls /sys/class/net
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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enp5s0 lo wlp9s0
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```
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**方法 4：**
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在 Linux 操作系统中，文件 **/proc/net/dev** 中包含有关网络接口的信息。
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要查看可用的网卡，只需使用下面的命令来查看上面文件的内容：
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```
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$ cat /proc/net/dev
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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Inter-| Receive | Transmit
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face |bytes packets errs drop fifo frame compressed multicast|bytes packets errs drop fifo colls carrier compressed
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wlp9s0: 629189631 566078 0 0 0 0 0 0 60822472 300922 0 0 0 0 0 0
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enp5s0: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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lo: 303980988 171420 0 0 0 0 0 0 303980988 171420 0 0 0 0 0 0
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```
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**方法 5 ： 使用 `netstat` 命令*
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**netstat** 命令可以列出各种不同的信息，例如网络连接、路由表、接口统计信息、伪装连接和多播成员等。
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```
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$ netstat -i
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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Kernel Interface table
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Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
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lo 65536 171420 0 0 0 171420 0 0 0 LRU
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wlp9s0 1500 565625 0 0 0 300543 0 0 0 BMRU
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```
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请注意 `netstat` 被弃用了， `netstat -i` 的替代命令是 `ip -s link`。另外需要注意的是这个方法将只列出激活的接口，而不是所有可用的接口。
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**方法 6： 使用 `nmcli` 命令**
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`nmcli` 是一个用来控制 `NetworkManager` 和报告网络状态的命令行工具。它可以被用来创建、展示、编辑、删除、激活、停用网络连接和展示网络状态。
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假如你的 Linux 系统中安装了 `Network Manager`，你便可以使用下面的命令来使用 `nmcli` 列出可以的网络接口：
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```
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$ nmcli device status
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```
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或者
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```
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$ nmcli connection show
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```
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现在你知道了如何在 Linux 中找到可用网络接口的方法，接下来，请查看下面的指南来知晓如何在 Linux 中配置 IP 地址吧。
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[如何在 Linux 和 Unix 中配置静态 IP 地址][2]
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[如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 中配置 IP 地址][3]
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[如何在 Arch Linux 中配置静态和动态 IP 地址][4]
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[如何在 Linux 中为单个网卡分配多个 IP 地址][5]
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假如你知道其他快捷的方法来在 Linux 中找到可用的网络接口，请在下面的评论部分中分享出来，我将检查你们的评论并更新这篇指南。
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这就是全部的内容了，更多精彩内容即将呈现，请保持关注！
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干杯！
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||
|
||||
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-find-available-network-interfaces-on-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[SK][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-find-out-the-connected-state-of-a-network-cable-in-linux/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/configure-static-ip-address-linux-unix/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-configure-ip-address-in-ubuntu-18-04-lts/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/configure-static-dynamic-ip-address-arch-linux/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-assign-multiple-ip-addresses-to-single-network-card-in-linux/
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user