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Merge pull request #6874 from lujun9972/translate-MjAxNzEyMjYgSG93IHRvIHVzZS1ydW4gYmFzaCBhbGlhc2VzIG92ZXIgc3NoIGJhc2VkIHNlc3Npb24ubWQK
翻译完毕：-How to use/run bash aliases over ssh based session
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How to use/run bash aliases over ssh based session
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======
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SSH client (ssh) is a Linux/Unix command for logging into a remote server and for executing shell commands on a remote system. It is designed to provide secure encrypted communications between two untrusted machines over an insecure network such as the Internet.
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## How to run or execute commands with Linux ssh client
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I have [set up a bash alias named file_repl][1] . It works entirely when I log in using ssh command. However, my bash aliases are not running over ssh, for example:How do I run bash shell aliases when I use ssh command?SSH client (ssh) is a Linux/Unix command for logging into a remote server and for executing shell commands on a remote system. It is designed to provide secure encrypted communications between two untrusted machines over an insecure network such as the Internet.
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To run a free command or [date command][2] with ssh:
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`$ ssh [[email protected]][3] date`
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Sample outputs:
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```
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Tue Dec 26 09:02:50 UTC 2017
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```
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OR
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`$ ssh [[email protected]][3] free -h`
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Sample outputs:
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```
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total used free shared buff/cache available
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Mem: 2.0G 428M 138M 145M 1.4G 1.1G
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Swap: 0B 0B 0B
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```
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total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 2.0G 428M 138M 145M 1.4G 1.1G Swap: 0B 0B 0B
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## Understanding bash shall and command types
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The [bash shell understands][4] the following types of commands:
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1. Aliases such as ll
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2. Keywords such as if
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3. Functions (user defined functions such as genpasswd)
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4. Built in such as pwd
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5. Files such as /bin/date
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The [type command][5] or [command command][6] can be used to find out a command type:
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```
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$ type -a date
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date is /bin/date
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$ type -a free
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free is /usr/bin/free
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$ command -V pwd
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pwd is a shell builtin
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$ type -a file_repl
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is aliased to `sudo -i /shared/takes/master.replication'
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```
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Both date and free are an external commands and file_repl is aliased to sudo -i /shared/takes/master.replication. One can not simply execute aliased command such as file_repl:
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```
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$ ssh user@remote file_repl
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```
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## Bash aliases not running or working over ssh client on Unix based system
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To solve this problem run ssh command as follows:
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```
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$ ssh -t [[email protected]][3] /bin/bash -ic 'your-alias-here'
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$ ssh -t [[email protected]][3] /bin/bash -ic 'file_repl'
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```
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Where ssh command options:
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1. **-t** :[ Force pseudo-terminal allocation. This can be used to execute arbitrary][7] screen-based programs on a remote machine, which can be very useful. With the -t option you will get an error that read as " bash: cannot set terminal process group (-1): Inappropriate ioctl for device. bash: no job control in this shell. "
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Where bash shell options:
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1. **-i** : Make the shell is interactive so that it can run bash aliases
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2. **-c** : Commands are read from the first non-option argument command_string. If there are arguments after the command_string, they are assigned to the positional parameters, starting with $0.
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In short run the following command to run a bash aliases called ll:
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`$ ssh -t [[email protected]][3] -ic 'll'`
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Sample session:
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[![Running bash aliases over ssh based session when using Unix or Linux ssh cli][8]][8]
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Here is my sample shell script:
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```
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#!/bin/bash
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I="tags.deleted.410"
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O="/tmp/https.www.cyberciti.biz.410.url.conf"
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box="vivek@server1.cyberciti.biz"
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[ ! -f "$I" ] && { echo "$I file not found."; exit 10; }
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>$O
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cat "$I" | sort | uniq | while read -r u
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do
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uu="${u##https://www.cyberciti.biz}"
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echo "~^$uu 1;" >>"${O}"
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done
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echo "Config file created at ${O} and now updating remote nginx config file"
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scp "${O}" ${box}:/tmp/
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ssh ${box} /usr/bin/lxc file push /tmp/https.www.cyberciti.biz.410.url.conf nginx-container/etc/nginx/
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ssh -t ${box} /bin/bash -ic 'push_config_job'
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```
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## References
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For more info see [OpenSSH client][9] and [bash man page][10] by typing the following commands:
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```
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$ man ssh
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$ man bash
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$ help type
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$ help command
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/use-bash-aliases-ssh-based-session/
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作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz
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[1]:https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Alias_command#How_to_define_alias
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[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-date-command-howto-see-set-date-time/ (See Linux/Unix date command examples for more info)
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[3]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection
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[4]:https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Shell_commands
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[5]:https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Type_command
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[6]:https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Command
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[7]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-bsd-sudo-sorry-you-must-haveattytorun/
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[8]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2017/12/Bash-shell-aliase-not-found-when-run-over-ssh-on-linux-unix.jpg
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[9]:https://man.openbsd.org/ssh
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[10]:https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html
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@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
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通过 ssh 会话执行 bash 别名
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======
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我在远程主机上[上设置过一个叫做 file_repl 的 bash 别名 ][1] . 当我使用 ssh 命令登陆远程主机后，可以很正常的使用这个别名。然而这个 bash 别名却无法通过 ssh 来运行，像这样：
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```
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$ ssh vivek@server1.cyberciti.biz file_repl
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bash：file_repl：command not found
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```
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我要怎样做才能通过 ssh 命令运行 bash 别名呢？
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SSH 客户端 (ssh) 是一个登陆远程服务器并在远程系统上执行 shell 命令的 Linux/Unix 命令。它被设计用来在两个非信任的机器上通过不安全的网络(比如互联网)提供安全的加密通讯。
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## 如何用 ssh 客户端执行命令
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通过 ssh 运行 free 命令或 [date 命令 ][2] 可以这样做：
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`$ ssh vivek@server1.cyberciti.biz date`
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结果为：
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```
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Tue Dec 26 09：02：50 UTC 2017
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```
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或者
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`$ ssh vivek@server1.cyberciti.biz free -h`
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结果为：
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```
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total used free shared buff/cache available
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Mem：2.0G 428M 138M 145M 1.4G 1.1G
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Swap：0B 0B 0B
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```
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## 理解 bash shell 以及命令的类型
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[bash shell][4] 共有下面几类命令：
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1。别名，比如 ll
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2。关键字，比如 if
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3。函数(用户自定义函数，比如 genpasswd)
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4。内置命令，比如 pwd
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5。外部文件，比如 /bin/date
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The [type 命令 ][5] 和 [command 命令 ][6] 可以用来查看命令类型：
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```
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$ type -a date
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date is /bin/date
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$ type -a free
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free is /usr/bin/free
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$ command -V pwd
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pwd is a shell builtin
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$ type -a file_repl
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is aliased to `sudo -i /shared/takes/master.replication'
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```
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date 和 free 都是外部命令而 file_repl 是 `sudo -i /shared/takes/master.replication` 的别名。你不能直接执行像 file_repl 这样的别名：
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```
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$ ssh user@remote file_repl
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```
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## 在 Unix 系统上无法直接通过 ssh 客户端执行 bash 别名
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要解决这个问题可以用下面方法运行 ssh 命令：
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```
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$ ssh -t user@remote /bin/bash -ic 'your-alias-here'
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$ ssh -t user@remote /bin/bash -ic 'file_repl'
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```
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ssh 命令选项：
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1。**-t**：[强制分配伪终端。可以用来在远程机器上执行任意的 ][7] 基于屏幕的程序，有时这非常有用。当使用 `-t` 时你可能会收到一个类似" bash：cannot set terminal process group (-1)：Inappropriate ioctl for device。bash：no job control in this shell ." 的错误。
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bash shell 的选项：
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1。**-i**：运行交互 shell，这样 shell 才能运行 bash 别名
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2。**-c**：要执行的命令取之于第一个非选项参数的命令字符串。若在命令字符串后面还有其他参数，这些参会会作为位置参数传递给命令，参数从 $0 开始。
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总之，要运行一个名叫 `ll` 的 bash 别名，可以运行下面命令：
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`$ ssh -t [[email protected]][3] -ic 'll'`
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结果为：
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[![Running bash aliases over ssh based session when using Unix or Linux ssh cli][8]][8]
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下面是我的一个 shell 脚本的例子：
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```
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#！/bin/bash
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I="tags.deleted.410"
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O="/tmp/https.www.cyberciti.biz.410.url.conf"
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box="vivek@server1.cyberciti.biz"
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[！-f "$I" ] && { echo "$I file not found。"; exit 10; }
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>$O
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cat "$I" | sort | uniq | while read -r u
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do
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uu="${u##https：//www.cyberciti.biz}"
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echo "~^$uu 1;" >>"${O}"
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done
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echo "Config file created at ${O} and now updating remote nginx config file"
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scp "${O}" ${box}：/tmp/
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ssh ${box} /usr/bin/lxc file push /tmp/https.www.cyberciti.biz.410.url.conf nginx-container/etc/nginx/
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ssh -t ${box} /bin/bash -ic 'push_config_job'
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```
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## 相关资料
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更多信息请输入下面命令查看 [OpenSSH client][9] 和 [bash 的 man 帮助 ][10]：
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```
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$ man ssh
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$ man bash
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$ help type
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$ help command
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/use-bash-aliases-ssh-based-session/
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作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz
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[1]:https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Alias_command#How_to_define_alias
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[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-date-command-howto-see-set-date-time/ (See Linux/Unix date command examples for more info)
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[3]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection
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[4]:https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Shell_commands
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[5]:https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Type_command
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[6]:https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Command
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[7]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-bsd-sudo-sorry-you-must-haveattytorun/
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[8]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2017/12/Bash-shell-aliase-not-found-when-run-over-ssh-on-linux-unix.jpg
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[9]:https://man.openbsd.org/ssh
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[10]:https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html
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