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Xingyu.Wang
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (MonkeyDEcho )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: subject: (5 Minimal Web Browsers for Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.linux.com/blog/intro-to-linux/2018/11/5-minimal-web-browsers-linux)
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[#]: author: (Jack Wallen https://www.linux.com/users/jlwallen)
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[#]: url: ( )
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5 Minimal Web Browsers for Linux
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======
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linux上的五种微型浏览器
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======
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There are so many reasons to enjoy the Linux desktop. One reason I often state up front is the almost unlimited number of choices to be found at almost every conceivable level. From how you interact with the operating system (via a desktop interface), to how daemons run, to what tools you use, you have a multitude of options.
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有太多理由去选择使用linux系统。很重要的一个理由是，我们可以按照我们自己的想法去选择想要的。从操作系统的交互方式（桌面系统）到守护系统的运行方式，在到使用的工具，你用更多的选择。
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The same thing goes for web browsers. You can use anything from open source favorites, such as [Firefox][1] and [Chromium][2], or closed sourced industry darlings like [Vivaldi][3] and [Chrome][4]. Those options are full-fledged browsers with every possible bell and whistle you’ll ever need. For some, these feature-rich browsers are perfect for everyday needs.
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web浏览器也是如此。你可以使用开源的[火狐][1]，[Chromium][2];或者未开源的[Vivaldi][3]，[Chrome][4]。这些功能强大的浏览器有你需要的各种功能。对于某些人，这些功能完备的浏览器是日常必需的。
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There are those, however, who prefer using a web browser without all the frills. In fact, there are many reasons why you might prefer a minimal browser over a standard browser. For some, it’s about browser security, while others look at a web browser as a single-function tool (as opposed to a one-stop shop application). Still others might be running low-powered machines that cannot handle the requirements of, say, Firefox or Chrome. Regardless of the reason, Linux has you covered.
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但是，有些人更喜欢没有冗余功能的纯粹的浏览器。实际上，有很多原因导致你会选择微型的浏览器而不选择上述功能完备的浏览器。对于某些人来说，与浏览器的安全有关；而有些人则将浏览器当作一种简单的工具（而不是一站式商店应用程序）；还有一些可能运行在低功率的计算机上，这些计算机无法满足火狐，chrome浏览器的运行要求。无论出于何种原因，在linux系统上都可以满足你的要求。
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Let’s take a look at five of the minimal browsers that can be installed on Linux. I’ll be demonstrating these browsers on the Elementary OS platform, but each of these browsers are available to nearly every distribution in the known Linuxverse. Let’s dive in.
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让我们看一下可以在linux上安装运行的五种微型浏览器。我将在 Elementary 的操作系统平台上演示这些浏览器，在已知的linux发型版中几乎每个版本都可以使用这些浏览器。让我们一起来看一下吧！
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### GNOME Web
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GNOME Web (codename Epiphany, which means [“a usually sudden manifestation or perception of the essential nature or meaning of something”][5]) is the default web browser for Elementary OS, but it can be installed from the standard repositories. (Note, however, that the recommended installation of Epiphany is via Flatpak or Snap). If you choose to install via the standard package manager, issue a command such as sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser -y for successful installation.
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GNOME web (Epiphany 含义：[顿悟][5])是Elementary系统默认的web浏览器，也可以从标准存储库中安装。(注意，建议通过使用 Flatpak 或者 Snap 工具安装)，如果你想选择标准软件包管理器进行安装，请执行 ```sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser -y``` 命令成功安装。
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Epiphany uses the WebKit rendering engine, which is the same engine used in Apple’s Safari browser. Couple that rendering engine with the fact that Epiphany has very little in terms of bloat to get in the way, you will enjoy very fast page-rendering speeds. Epiphany development follows strict adherence to the following guidelines:
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* Simplicity - Feature bloat and user interface clutter are considered evil.
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* Standards compliance - No non-standard features will ever be introduced to the codebase.
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* Software freedom - Epiphany will always be released under a license that respects freedom.
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* Human interface - Epiphany follows the [GNOME Human Interface Guidelines][6].
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* Minimal preferences - Preferences are only added when they make sense and after careful consideration.
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* Target audience - Non-technical users are the primary target audience (which helps to define the types of features that are included).
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GNOME Web is as clean and simple a web browser as you’ll find (Figure 1).
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![GNOME Web][8]
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Figure 1: The GNOME Web browser displaying a minimal amount of preferences for the user.
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[Used with permission][9]
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The GNOME Web manifesto reads:
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A web browser is more than an application: it is a way of thinking, a way of seeing the world. Epiphany's principles are simplicity, standards compliance, and software freedom.
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### Netsurf
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The [Netsurf][10] minimal web browser opens almost faster than you can release the mouse button. Netsurf uses its own layout and rendering engine (designed completely from scratch), which is rather hit and miss in its rendering (Figure 2).
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Although you might find Netsurf to suffer from rendering issues on certain sites, understand the Hubbub HTML parser is following the work-in-progress HTML5 specification, so there will be issues popup now and then. To ease those rendering headaches, Netsurf does include HTTPS support, web page thumbnailing, URL completion, scale view, bookmarks, full-screen mode, keyboard shorts, and no particular GUI toolkit requirements. That last bit is important, especially when you switch from one desktop to another.
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For those curious as to the requirements for Netsurf, the browser can run on a machine as slow as a 30Mhz ARM 6 computer with 16MB of RAM. That’s impressive, by today’s standard.
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### QupZilla
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If you’re looking for a minimal browser that uses the Qt Framework and the QtWebKit rendering engine, [QupZilla][11] might be exactly what you’re looking for. QupZilla does include all the standard features and functions you’d expect from a web browser, such as bookmarks, history, sidebar, tabs, RSS feeds, ad blocking, flash blocking, and CA Certificates management. Even with those features, QupZilla still manages to remain a very fast lightweight web browser. Other features include: Fast startup, speed dial homepage, built-in screenshot tool, browser themes, and more.
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One feature that should appeal to average users is that QupZilla has a more standard preferences tools than found in many lightweight browsers (Figure 3). So, if going too far outside the lines isn’t your style, but you still want something lighter weight, QupZilla is the browser for you.
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![QupZilla][13]
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Figure 3: The QupZilla preferences tool.
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[Used with permission][9]
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### Otter Browser
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Otter Browser is a free, open source attempt to recreate the closed-source offerings found in the Opera Browser. Otter Browser uses the WebKit rendering engine and has an interface that should be immediately familiar with any user. Although lightweight, Otter Browser does include full-blown features such as:
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* Passwords manager
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* Add-on manager
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* Content blocking
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* Spell checking
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* Customizable GUI
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* URL completion
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* Speed dial (Figure 4)
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* Bookmarks and various related features
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* Mouse gestures
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* User style sheets
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* Built-in Note tool
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![Otter][15]
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Figure 4: The Otter Browser Speed Dial tab.
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[Used with permission][9]
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Otter Browser can be run on nearly any Linux distribution from an [AppImage][16], so there’s no installation required. Just download the AppImage file, give the file executable permissions (with the command chmod u+x otter-browser-*.AppImage), and then launch the app with the command ./otter-browser*.AppImage.
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Otter Browser does an outstanding job of rendering websites and could function as your go-to minimal browser with ease.
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### Lynx
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Let’s get really minimal. When I first started using Linux, back in ‘97, one of the web browsers I often turned to was a text-only take on the app called [Lynx][17]. It should come as no surprise that Lynx is still around and available for installation from the standard repositories. As you might expect, Lynx works from the terminal window and doesn’t display pretty pictures or render much in the way of advanced features (Figure 5). In fact, Lynx is as bare-bones a browser as you will find available. Because of how bare-bones this web browser is, it’s not recommended for everyone. But if you happen to have a gui-less web server and you have a need to be able to read the occasional website, Lynx can be a real lifesaver.
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![Lynx][19]
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Figure 5: The Lynx browser rendering the Linux.com page.
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[Used with permission][9]
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I have also found Lynx an invaluable tool when troubleshooting certain aspects of a website (or if some feature on a website is preventing me from viewing the content in a regular browser). Another good reason to use Lynx is when you only want to view the content (and not the extraneous elements).
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### Plenty More Where This Came From
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There are plenty more minimal browsers than this. But the list presented here should get you started down the path of minimalism. One (or more) of these browsers are sure to fill that need, whether you’re running it on a low-powered machine or not.
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Learn more about Linux through the free ["Introduction to Linux" ][20]course from The Linux Foundation and edX.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linux.com/blog/intro-to-linux/2018/11/5-minimal-web-browsers-linux
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作者：[Jack Wallen][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.linux.com/users/jlwallen
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/
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[2]: https://www.chromium.org/
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[3]: https://vivaldi.com/
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[4]: https://www.google.com/chrome/
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[5]: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/epiphany
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[6]: https://developer.gnome.org/hig/stable/
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[7]: /files/images/minimalbrowsers1jpg
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[8]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/minimalbrowsers_1.jpg?itok=Q7wZLF8B (GNOME Web)
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[9]: /licenses/category/used-permission
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[10]: https://www.netsurf-browser.org/
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[11]: https://qupzilla.com/
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[12]: /files/images/minimalbrowsers3jpg
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[13]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/minimalbrowsers_3.jpg?itok=O8iMALWO (QupZilla)
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[14]: /files/images/minimalbrowsers4jpg
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[15]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/minimalbrowsers_4.jpg?itok=5bCa0z-e (Otter)
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[16]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/otter-browser/files/
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[17]: https://lynx.browser.org/
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[18]: /files/images/minimalbrowsers5jpg
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[19]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/minimalbrowsers_5.jpg?itok=p_Lmiuxh (Lynx)
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[20]: https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux
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167
translated/tech/20181105 5 Minimal Web Browsers for Linux.md
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167
translated/tech/20181105 5 Minimal Web Browsers for Linux.md
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@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (MonkeyDEcho )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: subject: (5 Minimal Web Browsers for Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.linux.com/blog/intro-to-linux/2018/11/5-minimal-web-browsers-linux)
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[#]: author: (Jack Wallen https://www.linux.com/users/jlwallen)
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[#]: url: ( )
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linux上的五种微型浏览器
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======
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有太多理由去选择使用linux系统。很重要的一个理由是，我们可以按照我们自己的想法去选择想要的。从操作系统的交互方式（桌面系统）到守护系统的运行方式，在到使用的工具，你用更多的选择。
|
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|
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web浏览器也是如此。你可以使用开源的[火狐][1]，[Chromium][2];或者未开源的[Vivaldi][3]，[Chrome][4]。这些功能强大的浏览器有你需要的各种功能。对于某些人，这些功能完备的浏览器是日常必需的。
|
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但是，有些人更喜欢没有冗余功能的纯粹的浏览器。实际上，有很多原因导致你会选择微型的浏览器而不选择上述功能完备的浏览器。对于某些人来说，与浏览器的安全有关；而有些人则将浏览器当作一种简单的工具（而不是一站式商店应用程序）；还有一些可能运行在低功率的计算机上，这些计算机无法满足火狐，chrome浏览器的运行要求。无论出于何种原因，在linux系统上都可以满足你的要求。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们看一下可以在linux上安装运行的五种微型浏览器。我将在 Elementary 的操作系统平台上演示这些浏览器，在已知的linux发型版中几乎每个版本都可以使用这些浏览器。让我们一起来看一下吧！
|
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|
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### GNOME Web
|
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|
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GNOME web (Epiphany 含义：[顿悟][5])是Elementary系统默认的web浏览器，也可以从标准存储库中安装。(注意，建议通过使用 Flatpak 或者 Snap 工具安装)，如果你想选择标准软件包管理器进行安装，请执行 ```sudo apt-get install epiphany-browser -y``` 命令成功安装。
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Epiphany 使用WebKit的渲染引擎，该引擎与Apple的Safari浏览器中使用的引擎相同。这个引擎和Epiphany非常契合，可以达到非常快的页面渲染速度。Epiphany严格遵守以下准则：
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* 简单性 - 功能复杂和用户界面混乱都是不被允许的.
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* 规范性 - 任何非标准特性都不会引入到代码库中。
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* 软件开源 - Epiphany始终遵守自由开源许可证。
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* 人机交互 - Epiphany 始终遵守[GNOME的人机交互指南][6]。
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* 最小首选项 - 经过慎重考虑才添加首选项。
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* 受众群体 - 非技术用户是主要的受众目标，（有助于定义所包含功能的类型）。
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GNOME web浏览器就像看到的一样干净简洁 (Figure 1)。
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![GNOME Web][8]
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Figure 1: GNOME 浏览器为用户展示最少的首选项.
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[许可证书][9]
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GNOME Web 的声明如下:
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web 浏览器它不仅仅是一个应用程序，还是一种思维方式，一种看世界的方式。 Epiphany 的原则是简洁，标准和自由。
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### Netsurf
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[Netsurf][10] 浏览器是最小的浏览器，他的打开速度几乎和你松开鼠标一样。Netsurf 使用自己的布局和渲染引擎（完全从零开始设计的） 在渲染过程的设计中屡屡碰壁(Figure 2).
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尽管你可能在特定的站点上发现 Netsurf的问题，但如果你了解Hubbub解析器的话，知道它正在兼容html5规范，是不是的会有一点问题。Netsurf对https的支持，网页缩略图，URL解析，缩放视图，书签，全屏模式，快捷键和GUI的工具包的功能；最后一点十分重要，当你桌面来回切换时，为了缓解渲染带来的问题。
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对于那些对Netsurf 存在好奇的人来说，以现在的标准，他能在 16MB内存，30Mhz的ARM cpu的机器上运行，是让人惊奇的。
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### QupZilla
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如果你找寻使用Qt Framework 和 the QtWebKit 渲染引擎的最小浏览器，QupZilla][11]是你最佳的选择。QupZilla 包含web浏览所有的标准功能，例如：书签，历史记录，侧边栏，选项卡，RSS，广告屏蔽，flash屏蔽，和CA证书管理。及时拥有这么多的功能，QupZilla 仍然是快速，轻量级的浏览器。另外还有其他的功能：快速启动，快速拨号主页，内置屏幕截图工具，浏览器主题等。
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吸引用户的一点是，与许多轻量级浏览器相比，QupZilla有更标准的首选项工具（图3）。所以，如果你很多功能，但你仍然想要更轻量，那么QupZilla就是你最好的选择。
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![QupZilla][13]
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Figure 3: QupZilla 首选项工具.
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[许可证书][9]
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### Otter Browser
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Otter 浏览器是一种免费开源的，旨在重建Opera 12.x的浏览器。它使用WebKit渲染引擎，并且有用户的熟悉界面。虽然它轻量，但它有丰富的功能：
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* 密码管理
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* 插件管理
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* 内容拦截
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* 拼写检查
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* 自定义界面
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* 网址补全
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* 快速访问 (Figure 4)
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* 书签和其他相关功能
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* 鼠标手势
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* 用户样式表
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* 内建笔记功能
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![Otter][15]
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Figure 4: Otter 浏览器快起标签项.
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[许可证书][9]
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Otter浏览器可以在几乎所有Linux发行版上运行通过[AppImage][16]软件格式，因此无需安装。只需下载AppImage文件，授予文件可执行权限（使用命令 `chmod u+x otter-browser-.AppImage`），然后使用命令`./otter-browser.AppImage` 启动应用程序。
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Otter浏览器在网站展示方面做得非常出色，可以轻松地用作你的微型浏览器。
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### Lynx
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让我们见识真正的微型浏览器。早在97年，当我使用Linux时，就经常使用的[Lynx][17]纯文本模式的网页浏览器。
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Lynx的存在并且可以从标准存储库中进行安装。正如您可能期望的那样，Lynx在终端窗口中工作，并且不会显示漂亮的图片和高级功能的渲染方式（图5）。事实上，Lynx是你能找到的最简单的浏览器。由于这个网页浏览器是如此简陋，所以不建议每个人都使用它。但如果你碰巧有一个没有界面的服务器，你需要能够偶尔访问的网站，Lynx是一个真正的救星。
|
||||
|
||||
![Lynx][19]
|
||||
|
||||
Figure 5: Lynx 浏览器展示 Linux.com 网址界面.
|
||||
|
||||
[许可证书][9]
|
||||
|
||||
我还发现Lynx是一个非常有用的工具，它可以帮助我解决网站某些方面的故障（或者如果网站上的某些功能阻止我在常规浏览器中查看内容）。使用Lynx的另一个重要原因是它可以让我们更加专注内容（而不是其他无关的元素）。
|
||||
|
||||
### Plenty More Where This Came From 更多
|
||||
|
||||
微型浏览器还有很多。但是这里列出的清单应该使你开始走极简主义的道路。无论您是否在低功率计算机上运行，这些浏览器中的一个（或多个）都一定可以满足这一需求。
|
||||
|
||||
了解linux 更多信息可以通过免费的["Linux 简洁" ][20]课程，该课程来源Linux基金和edX平台提供的。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.linux.com/blog/intro-to-linux/2018/11/5-minimal-web-browsers-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jack Wallen][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[MonkeyDEcho](https://github.com/MonkeyDEcho)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.linux.com/users/jlwallen
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.chromium.org/
|
||||
[3]: https://vivaldi.com/
|
||||
[4]: https://www.google.com/chrome/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/epiphany
|
||||
[6]: https://developer.gnome.org/hig/stable/
|
||||
[7]: /files/images/minimalbrowsers1jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/minimalbrowsers_1.jpg?itok=Q7wZLF8B (GNOME Web)
|
||||
[9]: /licenses/category/used-permission
|
||||
[10]: https://www.netsurf-browser.org/
|
||||
[11]: https://qupzilla.com/
|
||||
[12]: /files/images/minimalbrowsers3jpg
|
||||
[13]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/minimalbrowsers_3.jpg?itok=O8iMALWO (QupZilla)
|
||||
[14]: /files/images/minimalbrowsers4jpg
|
||||
[15]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/minimalbrowsers_4.jpg?itok=5bCa0z-e (Otter)
|
||||
[16]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/otter-browser/files/
|
||||
[17]: https://lynx.browser.org/
|
||||
[18]: /files/images/minimalbrowsers5jpg
|
||||
[19]: https://www.linux.com/sites/lcom/files/styles/rendered_file/public/minimalbrowsers_5.jpg?itok=p_Lmiuxh (Lynx)
|
||||
[20]: https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/introduction-to-linux
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user