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How to Run ‘sudo’ Command Without Entering a Password in Linux
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============================================================
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In case you are running Linux on a machine that you normally use alone, say on a laptop, entering a password each time you invoke **sudo** can become so boring in the long run. Therefore, in this guide, we will describe [how to configure sudo command][4] to run without entering a password.
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This setting is done in the **/etc/sudoers** file, which drives sudoers to use default security policy plugin for the [sudo command][5]; under the user privilege specification section.
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**Important**: In the **sudeors** file, the authenticate parameter which is turned on by default is used for authentication purposes. If it is set, users must authenticate themselves via a password (or other means of authentication) before they run commands with **sudo**.
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However, this default value may be overridden using the **NOPASSWD** (require no password when user invokes **sudo** command) tag.
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The syntax to configure user privileges is as follows:
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```
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user_list host_list=effective_user_list tag_list command_list
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```
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Where:
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1. `user_list` – list of users or a user alias that has already been set.
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2. `host_list` – list of hosts or a host alias on which users can run sudo.
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3. `effective_user_list` – list of users they must be running as or a run as alias.
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4. `tag_list` – list of tags such as NOPASSWD.
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5. `command_list` – list of commands or a command alias to be run by user(s) using sudo.
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To allow a user (`aaronkilik` in the example below) to run all commands using **sudo** without a password, open the **sudoers** file:
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```
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$ sudo visudo
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```
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And add the following line:
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```
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aaronkilik ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
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```
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For the case of a group, use the `%` character before the group name as follows; this means that all member of the `sys` group will run all commands using sudo without a password.
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```
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%sys ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
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```
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To permit a user to run a given command (`/bin/kill`) using sudo without a password, add the following line:
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```
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aaronkilik ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /bin/kill
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```
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The line below will enable member of the `sys` group to run the commands: **/bin/kill**, **/bin/rm**using **sudo** without a password:
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```
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%sys ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /bin/kill, /bin/rm
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```
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[
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][6]
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Run sudo Without Password
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For more **sudo** configuration and additional usage options, read our articles that describes more examples:
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1. [10 Useful Sudoers Configurations for Setting ‘sudo’ in Linux][1]
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3. [Let Sudo Insult You When You Enter Incorrect Password][2]
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4. [How to Keep ‘sudo’ Password Timeout Session Longer in Linux][3]
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In this article, we described how to configure sudo command to run without entering a password. Do not forget to offer us your thoughts about this guide or other useful sudeors configurations for Linux system administrators all in the comments.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介：
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Aaron Kili is a Linux and F.O.S.S enthusiast, an upcoming Linux SysAdmin, web developer, and currently a content creator for TecMint who loves working with computers and strongly believes in sharing knowledge.
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/run-sudo-command-without-password-linux/
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作者：[Aaron Kili][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/sudoers-configurations-for-setting-sudo-in-linux/
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[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/sudo-insult-when-enter-wrong-password/
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[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/set-sudo-password-timeout-session-longer-linux/
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[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/sudoers-configurations-for-setting-sudo-in-linux/
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[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/su-vs-sudo-and-how-to-configure-sudo-in-linux/
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[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Run-sudo-Without-Password.png
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@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
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如何在 Linux 中运行 “sudo” 命令不用输入密码
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============================================================
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如果你在计算机上运行 Linux 系统，比如在笔记本电脑上，在每次调用 **sudo** 时需要输入密码，从长远来看都会变得无聊。因此，在本指南中，我们将描述[如何配置 sudo 命令][4]在运行时而不输入密码。
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此设置在 **/etc/sudoers** 文件中完成，它让 sudoers 使用 [sudo 命令][5]的默认安全策略; 在用户权限指定部分。
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**重要**：在 **sudeors** 文件中，默认打开的 authenticate 参数用于验证目的。如果设置，用户必须通过密码（或其他身份验证方法）进行身份验证，然后才能使用 **sudo** 运行命令。
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但是，可以使用 **NOPASSWD**（当用户调用 **sudo** 命令时不需要密码）标记来覆盖此默认值。
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配置用户权限的语法如下：
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```
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user_list host_list=effective_user_list tag_list command_list
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```
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这里是：
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1. `user_list` - 用户列表或已经设置的用户别名。
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2. `host_list` - 主机列表或用户可以在其上运行 sudo 的主机别名。
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3. `effective_user_list` - 目标用户
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4. `tag_list` - 标签列表，如 NOPASSWD。
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5. `command_list` - 用户使用 sudo 运行的命令或命令别名列表。
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要允许用户（下面的示例中的 “aaronkilik”）使用 **sudo** 而不使用密码运行所有命令，请打开 **sudoers** 文件：
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```
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$ sudo visudo
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```
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添加下面的行：
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```
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aaronkilik ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
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```
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对于组而言，在组名前面使用`%`字符；这意味着 `sys` 组的所有成员都可以不用密码使用 sudo。
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```
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%sys ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
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```
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要不用密码使用 sudo 运行指定命令（`/bin/kill`），添加下面的行：
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```
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aaronkilik ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /bin/kill
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```
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下面的行会让 `sys` 组在使用 **sudo** 运行命令：**/bin/kill**、**/bin/rm** 时不用输入密码：
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```
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%sys ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /bin/kill, /bin/rm
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```
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[
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][6]
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不用密码运行 sudo
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对于更多的 **sudo** 配置和额外的使用选项，阅读我们的文章，描述了更多了例子：
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1. [在 Linux 中设置 ‘sudo’ 10 个有用的 sudoers 配置][1]
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2. [让 sudo 在你输入错误密码时候嘲讽你][2]
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3. [如何在 Linux 中让 “sudo” 密码超时会话更长][3]
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在本篇中，我们讨论了如何配置 sudo 命令来不用输入密码运行。不要忘记在评论栏中给我们提供你关于这份指导的想法和其他对于 Linux 系统管理员有用的 sudoers 配置。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介：
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Aaron Kili 是 Linux 和 F.O.S.S 爱好者，将来的 Linux SysAdmin 及 web 开发者，目前是 TecMint 的内容创作者，他喜欢用电脑工作，并坚信分享知识。
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/run-sudo-command-without-password-linux/
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作者：[Aaron Kili][a]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/sudoers-configurations-for-setting-sudo-in-linux/
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[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/sudo-insult-when-enter-wrong-password/
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[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/set-sudo-password-timeout-session-longer-linux/
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[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/sudoers-configurations-for-setting-sudo-in-linux/
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[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/su-vs-sudo-and-how-to-configure-sudo-in-linux/
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[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Run-sudo-Without-Password.png
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