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An Introduction to Quantum Computing with Open Source Cirq Framework
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======
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As the title suggests what we are about to begin discussing, this article is an effort to understand how far we have come in Quantum Computing and where we are headed in the field in order to accelerate scientific and technological research, through an Open Source perspective with Cirq.
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First, we will introduce you to the world of Quantum Computing. We will try our best to explain the basic idea behind the same before we look into how Cirq would be playing a significant role in the future of Quantum Computing. Cirq, as you might have heard of recently, has been breaking news in the field and in this Open Science article, we will try to find out why.
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<https://www.youtube.com/embed/WVv5OAR4Nik?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=2&>
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Before we start with what Quantum Computing is, it is essential to get to know about the term Quantum, that is, a [subatomic particle][1] referring to the smallest known entity. The word [Quantum][2] is based on the Latin word Quantus, meaning, “how little”, as described in this short video:
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<https://www.youtube.com/embed/-pUOxVsxu3o?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=2&>
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It will be easier for us to understand Quantum Computing by comparing it first to Classical Computing. Classical Computing refers to how today’s conventional computers are designed to work. The device with which you are reading this article right now, can also be referred to as a Classical Computing Device.
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### Classical Computing
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Classical Computing is just another way to describe how a conventional computer works. They work via a binary system, i.e, information is stored using either 1 or 0. Our Classical computers cannot understand any other form.
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In literal terms inside the computer, a transistor can be either on (1) or off (0). Whatever information we provide input to, is translated into 0s and 1s, so that the computer can understand and store that information. Everything is represented only with the help of a combination of 0s and 1s.
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<https://www.youtube.com/embed/Xpk67YzOn5w?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=2&>
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### Quantum Computing
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Quantum Computing, on the other hand, does not follow an “on or off” model like Classical Computing. Instead, it can simultaneously handle multiple states of information with help of two phenomena called [superimposition and entanglement][3], thus accelerating computing at a much faster rate and also facilitating greater productivity in information storage.
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Please note that superposition and entanglement are [not the same phenomena][4].
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<https://www.youtube.com/embed/jiXuVIEg10Q?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=2&>
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![][5]
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So, if we have bits in Classical Computing, then in the case of Quantum Computing, we would have qubits (or Quantum bits) instead. To know more about the vast difference between the two, check this [page][6] from where the above pic was obtained for explanation.
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Quantum Computers are not going to replace our Classical Computers. But, there are certain humongous tasks that our Classical Computers will never be able to accomplish and that is when Quantum Computers would prove extremely resourceful. The following video describes the same in detail while also describing how Quantum Computers work:
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<https://www.youtube.com/embed/JhHMJCUmq28?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=2&>
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A comprehensive video on the progress in Quantum Computing so far:
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<https://www.youtube.com/embed/CeuIop_j2bI?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=2&>
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### Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum
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According to the very recently updated research paper (31st July 2018), the term “Noisy” refers to inaccuracy because of producing an incorrect value caused by imperfect control over qubits. This inaccuracy is why there will be serious limitations on what Quantum devices can achieve in the near term.
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“Intermediate Scale” refers to the size of Quantum Computers which will be available in the next few years, where the number of qubits can range from 50 to a few hundred. 50 qubits is a significant milestone because that’s beyond what can be simulated by [brute force][7] using the most powerful existing digital [supercomputers][8]. Read more in the paper [here][9].
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With the advent of Cirq, a lot is about to change.
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### What is Cirq?
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Cirq is a python framework for creating, editing, and invoking Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) circuits that we just talked about. In other words, Cirq can address challenges to improve accuracy and reduce noise in Quantum Computing.
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Cirq does not necessarily require an actual Quantum Computer for execution. Cirq can also use a simulator-like interface to perform Quantum circuit simulations.
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Cirq is gradually grabbing a lot of pace, with one of its first users being [Zapata][10], formed last year by a [group of scientists][11] from Harvard University focused on Quantum Computing.
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### Getting started with Cirq on Linux
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The developers of the Open Source [Cirq library][12] recommend the installation in a [virtual python environment][13] like [virtualenv][14]. The developers’ installation guide for Linux can be found [here][15].
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However, we successfully installed and tested Cirq directly for Python3 on an Ubuntu 16.04 system via the following steps:
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#### Installing Cirq on Ubuntu
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![Cirq Framework for Quantum Computing in Linux][16]
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First, we would require pip or pip3 to install Cirq. [Pip][17] is a tool recommended for installing and managing Python packages.
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For Python 3.x versions, Pip can be installed with:
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```
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sudo apt-get install python3-pip
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```
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Python3 packages can be installed via:
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```
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pip3 install <package-name>
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```
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We went ahead and installed the Cirq library with Pip3 for Python3:
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```
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pip3 install cirq
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```
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#### Enabling Plot and PDF generation (optional)
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Optional system dependencies not install-able with pip can be installed with:
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```
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sudo apt-get install python3-tk texlive-latex-base latexmk
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```
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* python3-tk is Python’s own graphic library which enables plotting functionality.
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* texlive-latex-base and latexmk enable PDF writing functionality.
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Later, we successfully tested Cirq with the following command and code:
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```
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python3 -c 'import cirq; print(cirq.google.Foxtail)'
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```
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We got the resulting output as:
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![][18]
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#### Configuring Pycharm IDE for Cirq
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We also configured a Python IDE [PyCharm on Ubuntu][19] to test the same results:
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Since we installed Cirq for Python3 on our Linux system, we set the path to the project interpreter in the IDE settings to be:
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```
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/usr/bin/python3
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```
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![][20]
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In the output above, you can note that the path to the project interpreter that we just set, is shown along with the path to the test program file (test.py). An exit code of 0 shows that the program has finished executing successfully without errors.
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So, that’s a ready-to-use IDE environment where you can import the Cirq library to start programming with Python and simulate Quantum circuits.
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#### Get started with Cirq
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A good place to start are the [examples][21] that have been made available on Cirq’s Github page.
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The developers have included this [tutorial][22] on GitHub to get started with learning Cirq. If you are serious about learning Quantum Computing, they recommend an excellent book called [“Quantum Computation and Quantum Information” by Nielsen and Chuang][23].
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#### OpenFermion-Cirq
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[OpenFermion][24] is an open source library for obtaining and manipulating representations of fermionic systems (including Quantum Chemistry) for simulation on Quantum Computers. Fermionic systems are related to the generation of [fermions][25], which according to [particle physics][26], follow [Fermi-Dirac statistics][27].
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OpenFermion has been hailed as [a great practice tool][28] for chemists and researchers involved with [Quantum Chemistry][29]. The main focus of Quantum Chemistry is the application of [Quantum Mechanics][30] in physical models and experiments of chemical systems. Quantum Chemistry is also referred to as [Molecular Quantum Mechanics][31].
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The advent of Cirq has now made it possible for OpenFermion to extend its functionality by providing routines and tools for using Cirq to compile and compose circuits for Quantum simulation algorithms.
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#### Google Bristlecone
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On March 5, 2018, Google presented [Bristlecone][32], their new Quantum processor, at the annual [American Physical Society meeting][33] in Los Angeles. The [gate-based superconducting system][34] provides a test platform for research into [system error rates][35] and [scalability][36] of Google’s [qubit technology][37], along-with applications in Quantum [simulation][38], [optimization][39], and [machine learning.][40]
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In the near future, Google wants to make its 72 qubit Bristlecone Quantum processor [cloud accessible][41]. Bristlecone will gradually become quite capable to perform a task that a Classical Supercomputer would not be able to complete in a reasonable amount of time.
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Cirq would make it easier for researchers to directly write programs for Bristlecone on the cloud, serving as a very convenient interface for real-time Quantum programming and testing.
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Cirq will allow us to:
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* Fine tune control over Quantum circuits,
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* Specify [gate][42] behavior using native gates,
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* Place gates appropriately on the device &
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* Schedule the timing of these gates.
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### The Open Science Perspective on Cirq
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As we all know Cirq is Open Source on GitHub, its addition to the Open Source Scientific Communities, especially those which are focused on Quantum Research, can now efficiently collaborate to solve the current challenges in Quantum Computing today by developing new ways to reduce error rates and improve accuracy in the existing Quantum models.
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Had Cirq not followed an Open Source model, things would have definitely been a lot more challenging. A great initiative would have been missed out and we would not have been one step closer in the field of Quantum Computing.
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### Summary
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To summarize in the end, we first introduced you to the concept of Quantum Computing by comparing it to existing Classical Computing techniques followed by a very important video on recent developmental updates in Quantum Computing since last year. We then briefly discussed Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum, which is what Cirq is specifically built for.
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We saw how we can install and test Cirq on an Ubuntu system. We also tested the installation for usability on an IDE environment with some resources to get started to learn the concept.
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Finally, we also saw two examples of how Cirq would be an essential advantage in the development of research in Quantum Computing, namely OpenFermion and Bristlecone. We concluded the discussion by highlighting some thoughts on Cirq with an Open Science Perspective.
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We hope we were able to introduce you to Quantum Computing with Cirq in an easy to understand manner. If you have any feedback related to the same, please let us know in the comments section. Thank you for reading and we look forward to see you in our next Open Science article.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/qunatum-computing-cirq-framework/
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作者：[Avimanyu Bandyopadhyay][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/avimanyu/
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[1]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subatomic_particle
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[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum
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[3]:https://www.clerro.com/guide/491/quantum-superposition-and-entanglement-explained
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[4]:https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/148131/can-quantum-entanglement-and-quantum-superposition-be-considered-the-same-phenom
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[5]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/bit-vs-qubit.jpg
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[6]:http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/Difference-between-Bit-and-Qubit.html
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[7]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_by_exhaustion
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[8]:https://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-supercomputers-work.html
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[9]:https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00862
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[10]:https://www.xconomy.com/san-francisco/2018/07/19/google-partners-with-zapata-on-open-source-quantum-computing-effort/
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[11]:https://www.zapatacomputing.com/about/
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[12]:https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq
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[13]:https://itsfoss.com/python-setup-linux/
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[14]:https://virtualenv.pypa.io
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[15]:https://cirq.readthedocs.io/en/latest/install.html#installing-on-linux
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[16]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cirq-framework-linux.jpeg
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[17]:https://pypi.org/project/pip/
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[18]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cirq-test-output.jpg
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[19]:https://itsfoss.com/install-pycharm-ubuntu/
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[20]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cirq-tested-on-pycharm.jpg
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[21]:https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq/tree/master/examples
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[22]:https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq/blob/master/docs/tutorial.md
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[23]:http://mmrc.amss.cas.cn/tlb/201702/W020170224608149940643.pdf
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[24]:http://openfermion.org
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[25]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion
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[26]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_physics
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[27]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi-Dirac_statistics
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[28]:https://phys.org/news/2018-03-openfermion-tool-quantum-coding.html
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[29]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chemistry
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[30]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics
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[31]:https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/chemical-engineering/10-675j-computational-quantum-mechanics-of-molecular-and-extended-systems-fall-2004/lecture-notes/
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[32]:https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/05/googles-new-bristlecone-processor-brings-it-one-step-closer-to-quantum-supremacy/
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[33]:http://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/MAR18/Content/3475
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[34]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing
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[35]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_error_correction
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[36]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalability
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[37]:https://research.googleblog.com/2015/03/a-step-closer-to-quantum-computation.html
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[38]:https://research.googleblog.com/2017/10/announcing-openfermion-open-source.html
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[39]:https://research.googleblog.com/2016/06/quantum-annealing-with-digital-twist.html
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[40]:https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.06002
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[41]:https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/644051/google-launches-quantum-framework-cirq-plans-bristlecone-cloud-move/
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[42]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_gate
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@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
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量子计算的开源框架 Cirq 介绍
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======
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我们即将讨论的内容正如标题所示，本文通过使用 Cirq 的一个开源视角，尝试去了解我们已经在量子计算领域取得多大的成就，和该领域的发展方向，以加快科学和技术研究。
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首先，我们将引领你进入量子计算的世界。在我们深入了解 Cirq 在未来的量子计算中扮演什么样的重要角色之前，我们将尽量向你解释其背后的基本概念。Cirq，你最近可能听说过，在这个领域中已经发生了重大新闻，在 Open Science 上的文章中，我们将去尝试找出答案。
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<https://www.youtube.com/embed/WVv5OAR4Nik?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=2&>
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在我们开始了解量子计算之前，必须先去了解“量子”这个术语，量子是已知的 [亚原子粒子][1] 中最小的物质。[量子][2] 这个词来自拉丁语 Quantus，意思是 “非常小”，在下面的短视频链接中有描述：
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<https://www.youtube.com/embed/-pUOxVsxu3o?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=2&>
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为了易于我们理解量子计算，我们将量子计算与<ruby>传统计算<rt>Classical Computing</rt></ruby>（也译做经典计算）进行比较。传统计算是指设计用于工作的、我们正在使用的传统计算机，正如你现在用于阅读本文的设备，就是我们所谓的传统计算设备。
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### 传统计算
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传统计算是描述传统计算机如何工作的另一种方式。它们通过一个二进制系统工作，即信息使用 1 或 0 来存储。传统计算机不会理解除 1 或 0 之外的任何其它东西。
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直白来说，在计算机内部一个晶体管只能是开（1）或关（0）。我们输入的任何信息都被转换为无数个 1 和 0，所以计算机只能理解和存储 1 和 0。所有的东西都只能用无数个 1 和 0 的组合来表示。
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<https://www.youtube.com/embed/Xpk67YzOn5w?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=2&>
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### 量子计算
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然而，量子计算不再像传统计算那样遵循 “开或关” 的模式。而是，借助量子的名为 [叠加和纠缠][3] 的两个现象，能同时处理信息的多个状态，因此能以更快的速率加速计算，并且在信息存储方面效率更高。
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请注意，叠加和纠缠 [不是同一个现象][4]。
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<https://www.youtube.com/embed/jiXuVIEg10Q?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=2&>
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![][5]
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就像在传统计算中，我们有<ruby>比特<rt>bit</rt></ruby>，在量子计算中，我们相应也有<ruby>量子比特<rt>qubits</rt></ruby>（或 Quantum bits）。想了解它们二者之间的巨大差异之处，请查看这个 [页面][6]，从那里的图片中可以得到答案。
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量子计算机并不是来替代我们的传统计算机的。但是，有一些非常巨大的任务用我们的传统计算机是无法完成的，而那些正是量子计算机大显身手的好机会。下面链接的视频详细描述了上述情况，同时也描述了量子计算机的原理。
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<https://www.youtube.com/embed/JhHMJCUmq28?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=2&>
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下面的视频全面描述了量子计算领域到目前为止的最新进展：
|
||||
|
||||
<https://www.youtube.com/embed/CeuIop_j2bI?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=2&>
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### 嘈杂中型量子
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|
||||
根据最新更新的（2018 年 7 月 31 日）研究论文，术语 “Noisy” 是指由于对量子比特未能完全控制所产生的不准确性。正是这种不准确性严重制约了量子设备短期内实现其目标。
|
||||
|
||||
“中型” 指的是在接下来的几年中，量子计算机将要实现的规模大小，届时，量子比特的数目将可能从 50 到几百个不等。50 个量子比特是一个重大的量程碑，因为它将超越现有的最强大的 [超级计算机][8] 的 [暴力][7] 模拟能力。更多信息请阅读 [这里的][9] 论文。
|
||||
|
||||
随着 Cirq 出现，许多事情将会发生变化。
|
||||
|
||||
### Cirq 是什么？
|
||||
|
||||
Cirq 是一个 python 框架，它用于创建、编辑和调用我们前面讨论的嘈杂中型量子（NISQ）。换句话说，Cirq 能够解决挑战，去改善精确度和降低量子计算中的噪声。
|
||||
|
||||
Cirq 并不需要必须有一台真实的量子计算机。Cirq 能够使用一个类似模拟器的界面去执行量子电路模拟。
|
||||
|
||||
Cirq 的前进步伐越来越快了，[Zapata][10] 是使用它的首批用户之一，Zapata 是由来自哈佛大学的一群专注于量子计算的科学家在去年成立的。
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux 上使用 Cirq 入门
|
||||
|
||||
开源的 [Cirq 库][12] 开发者建议将它安装在像 [virtualenv][14] 这样的一个 [虚拟 python 环境][13] 中。在 Linux 上的开发者安装指南可以在 [这里][15] 找到。
|
||||
|
||||
但我们在 Ubuntu 16.04 的系统上成功地安装和测试了 Python3 的 Cirq 库，安装步骤如下：
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 Ubuntu 上安装 Cirq
|
||||
|
||||
![Cirq Framework for Quantum Computing in Linux][16]
|
||||
|
||||
首先，我们需要 pip 或 pip3 去安装 Cirq。[Pip][17] 是推荐用于安装和管理 Python 包的工具。
|
||||
|
||||
对于 Python 3.x 版本，Pip 能够用如下的命令来安装：
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt-get install python3-pip
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Python3 包能够通过如下的命令来安装：
|
||||
```
|
||||
pip3 install <package-name>
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我们继续去使用 Pip3 为 Python3 安装 Cirq 库：
|
||||
```
|
||||
pip3 install cirq
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 启用 Plot 和 PDF 生成（可选）
|
||||
|
||||
可选系统的依赖没有安装的，可以使用 pip 去安装它：
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt-get install python3-tk texlive-latex-base latexmk
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* python3-tk 是 Python 自有的启用了绘图功能的图形库
|
||||
* texlive-latex-base 和 latexmk 启动了 PDF 输出功能。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
最后，我们使用如下的命令和代码成功测试了 Cirq：
|
||||
```
|
||||
python3 -c 'import cirq; print(cirq.google.Foxtail)'
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我们得到的输出如下图：
|
||||
|
||||
![][18]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 为 Cirq 配置 Pycharm IDE
|
||||
|
||||
我们也配置了一个 Python IDE [PyCharm][19] 去测试同样的结果：
|
||||
|
||||
因为在我们的 Linux 系统上为 Python3 安装了 Cirq，我们在 IDE 中配置项目解释器路径：
|
||||
```
|
||||
/usr/bin/python3
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][20]
|
||||
|
||||
在上面的输出中，你可能注意到我们刚设置的项目解释器路径与测试程序文件（test.py）的路径显示在一起。退出代码 0 表示程序已经成功退出，没有错误。
|
||||
|
||||
因此，那是一个现成的 IDE 环境，你可以导入 Cirq 库去开始使用 Python 去编程和模拟量子电路。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Cirq 使用入门
|
||||
|
||||
Criq 入门的一个好的开端就是它 GitHub 页面上的 [示例][21]。
|
||||
|
||||
Cirq 的开发者在 GitHub 上已经放了学习 [教程][22]。如果你想认真地学习量子计算，他们推荐你去看一本非常好的书，它是[由 Nielsen 和 Chuang 写的名为 “量子计算和量子信息“][23]。
|
||||
|
||||
#### OpenFermion-Cirq
|
||||
|
||||
[OpenFermion][24] 是一个开源库，它是为了在量子计算机上模拟获取和操纵表示费米系统（包含量子化学）。根据 [粒子物理学][26] 理论，按照 [费米— 狄拉克统计][27]，费米系统与 [费米子][25] 的产生相关。
|
||||
|
||||
OpenFermion 被称为从事 [量子化学][29] 的化学家和研究人员的 [一个极好的实践工具][28]。量子化学主要专注于 [量子力学][30] 在物理模型和化学系统实验中的应用。量子化学也被称为 [分子量子力学][31]。
|
||||
|
||||
Cirq 的出现使 OpenFermion 通过提供程序和工具去扩展功能成为了可能，通过使用 Cirq 可以去编译和构造仿真量子电路。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Google Bristlecone
|
||||
|
||||
2018 年 3 月 5 日，在洛杉矶举行的一年一度的 [美国物理学会会议][33] 上，Google 发布了 [Bristlecone][32]，这是他们的最新的量子处理器。这个 [基于门的超导系统][34] 为 Google 提供了一个测试平台，用以研究 [量子比特技术][37] 的 [系统错误率][35] 和 [扩展性][36] ，以及在量子 [仿真][38]、[优化][39]、和 [机器学习][40] 方面的应用。
|
||||
|
||||
Google 希望在不久的将来，能够制造出它的 [云可访问][41] 的 72 个量子比特的 Bristlecone 量子处理器。Bristlecone 将越来越有能力完成一个传统超级计算机无法在合理时间内完成的任务。
|
||||
|
||||
Cirq 将让研究人员直接在云上为 Bristlecone 写程序变得很容易，它提供了一个非常方便的、实时的、量子编程和测试的接口。
|
||||
|
||||
Cirq 将允许我们去：
|
||||
|
||||
* 量子电路的微调管理
|
||||
* 使用原生门去指定 [门][42] 行为
|
||||
* 在设备上放置适当的门
|
||||
* 并调度这个门的时刻
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Open Science 关于 Cirq 的观点
|
||||
|
||||
我们知道 Cirq 是在 GitHub 上开源的，它除了在 Open Science 社区之外，特别是那些专注于量子研究的人们，都可以高效率地合作，通过开发新方法，去降低现有量子模型中的错误率和提升精确度，以解决目前在量子计算中所面临的挑战。
|
||||
|
||||
如果 Cirq 不走开源模型的路线，事情可能变得更具挑战。一个伟大的创举可能就此错过，我们可能在量子计算领域止步不前。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
最后我们总结一下，我们首先通过与传统计算相比较，介绍了量子计算的概念，然后是一个非常重要的视频来介绍了自去年以来量子计算的最新发展。接着我们简单讨论了嘈杂中型量子，也就是为什么要特意构建 Cirq 的原因所在。
|
||||
|
||||
我们看了如何在一个 Ubuntu 系统上安装和测试 Cirq。我们也在一个更好用的 IDE 环境中做了安装测试，并使用一些资源去开始学习有关概念。
|
||||
|
||||
最后，我们看了两个示例 OpenFermion 和 Bristlecone，介绍了在量子计算中，Cirq 在开发研究中具有什么样的基本优势。最后我们以 Open Science 社区的视角对 Cirq 进行了一些精彩的思考，结束了我们的话题。
|
||||
|
||||
我们希望能以一种易于理解的方式向你介绍量子计算框架 Cirq 的使用。如果你有与此相关的任何反馈，请在下面的评论区告诉我们。感谢阅读，希望我们能在 Open Science 的下一篇文章中再见。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/qunatum-computing-cirq-framework/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Avimanyu Bandyopadhyay][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[qhwdw](https://github.com/qhwdw)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/avimanyu/
|
||||
[1]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subatomic_particle
|
||||
[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum
|
||||
[3]:https://www.clerro.com/guide/491/quantum-superposition-and-entanglement-explained
|
||||
[4]:https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/148131/can-quantum-entanglement-and-quantum-superposition-be-considered-the-same-phenom
|
||||
[5]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/bit-vs-qubit.jpg
|
||||
[6]:http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/Difference-between-Bit-and-Qubit.html
|
||||
[7]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_by_exhaustion
|
||||
[8]:https://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-supercomputers-work.html
|
||||
[9]:https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00862
|
||||
[10]:https://www.xconomy.com/san-francisco/2018/07/19/google-partners-with-zapata-on-open-source-quantum-computing-effort/
|
||||
[11]:https://www.zapatacomputing.com/about/
|
||||
[12]:https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq
|
||||
[13]:https://itsfoss.com/python-setup-linux/
|
||||
[14]:https://virtualenv.pypa.io
|
||||
[15]:https://cirq.readthedocs.io/en/latest/install.html#installing-on-linux
|
||||
[16]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cirq-framework-linux.jpeg
|
||||
[17]:https://pypi.org/project/pip/
|
||||
[18]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cirq-test-output.jpg
|
||||
[19]:https://itsfoss.com/install-pycharm-ubuntu/
|
||||
[20]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cirq-tested-on-pycharm.jpg
|
||||
[21]:https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq/tree/master/examples
|
||||
[22]:https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq/blob/master/docs/tutorial.md
|
||||
[23]:http://mmrc.amss.cas.cn/tlb/201702/W020170224608149940643.pdf
|
||||
[24]:http://openfermion.org
|
||||
[25]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion
|
||||
[26]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_physics
|
||||
[27]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi-Dirac_statistics
|
||||
[28]:https://phys.org/news/2018-03-openfermion-tool-quantum-coding.html
|
||||
[29]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chemistry
|
||||
[30]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics
|
||||
[31]:https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/chemical-engineering/10-675j-computational-quantum-mechanics-of-molecular-and-extended-systems-fall-2004/lecture-notes/
|
||||
[32]:https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/05/googles-new-bristlecone-processor-brings-it-one-step-closer-to-quantum-supremacy/
|
||||
[33]:http://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/MAR18/Content/3475
|
||||
[34]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing
|
||||
[35]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_error_correction
|
||||
[36]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalability
|
||||
[37]:https://research.googleblog.com/2015/03/a-step-closer-to-quantum-computation.html
|
||||
[38]:https://research.googleblog.com/2017/10/announcing-openfermion-open-source.html
|
||||
[39]:https://research.googleblog.com/2016/06/quantum-annealing-with-digital-twist.html
|
||||
[40]:https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.06002
|
||||
[41]:https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/644051/google-launches-quantum-framework-cirq-plans-bristlecone-cloud-move/
|
||||
[42]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_gate
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user