From 83643e017f9cbc1573992b0437f4b754aa11aa06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2019 22:51:49 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] TSL --- ...127 Displaying dates and times your way.md | 180 ------------------ ...127 Displaying dates and times your way.md | 166 ++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 166 insertions(+), 180 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20191127 Displaying dates and times your way.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20191127 Displaying dates and times your way.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20191127 Displaying dates and times your way.md b/sources/tech/20191127 Displaying dates and times your way.md deleted file mode 100644 index 52c930d68e..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20191127 Displaying dates and times your way.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,180 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (wxy) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (Displaying dates and times your way) -[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3481602/displaying-dates-and-times-your-way-with-linux.html) -[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/) - -Displaying dates and times your way -====== -The Linux date command provides more options for displaying dates and times than you can shake a stick at (without hurting your wrist anyway). Here are some of the more useful choices. -Thinkstock / Tomislav Jakupec - -The date command on Linux systems is very straightforward. You type “date” and the date and time are displayed in a useful way. It includes the day-of-the-week, calendar date, time and time zone: - -``` -$ date -Tue 26 Nov 2019 11:45:11 AM EST -``` - -As long as your system is configured properly, you’ll see the date and current time along with your time zone. - -[[Get regularly scheduled insights by signing up for Network World newsletters.]][1] - -The command, however, also offers a lot of options to display date and time information differently. For example, if you want to display dates in the most useful format for sorting, you might want to use a command like this: - -[][2] - -BrandPost Sponsored by HPE - -[Take the Intelligent Route with Consumption-Based Storage][2] - -Combine the agility and economics of HPE storage with HPE GreenLake and run your IT department with efficiency. - -``` -$ date "+%Y-%m-%d" -2019-11-26 -``` - -In this case, the year, month and day are arranged in that order. Note that we use a capital Y to get a four-digit year. If we use a lowercase y, we’d see only a two-digit year (e.g., 19). Don’t let this induce you into thinking that if %m gives you a numeric month, **%**M might give you the name of the month. No, **%**M will report on minutes. To get the month in abbreviated name format, you would use **%**b and for a fully spelled out month, you would use **%**B. - -``` -$ date "+%b %B" -Nov November -``` - -Alternately, you might want to display the date in this commonly used format: - -``` -$ date +%D -11/26/19 -``` - -If you need a four-digit year, you can do this: - -``` -$ date "+%x" -11/26/2019 -``` - -Here’s an example that might be useful. Say that you need to create a daily report and have the file name include the date, you could use a command like this to create the file – probably in a script: - -``` -touch Report-`date "+%Y-%m-%d"` -``` - -When you list your reports, they’ll list in date order or reverse date order if you add -r. - -``` -$ ls -r Report* -Report-2019-11-26 -Report-2019-11-25 -Report-2019-11-22 -Report-2019-11-21 -Report-2019-11-20 -``` - -You can add other details to your date strings as well. The variety of options available is surprising. You could show which quarter of the year you’re in by using **date "+%q"** or display the date it was two months ago with a command like this: - -``` -$ date --date="2 months ago" -Thu 26 Sep 2019 09:02:43 AM EDT -``` - -Want to see what next Thursday’s date will be? You can use a command like **date --date="next thu"**, but understand that, for Linux, next Thursday means whatever Thursday follows today. That’s tomorrow if today is Wednesday – not Thursday of next week. However, you can specify Thursday of next week as in the second command below. - -``` -$ date --date="next thu" -Thu 28 Nov 2019 12:00:00 AM EST -$ date --date="next week thu" -Thu 05 Dec 2019 12:00:00 AM EST -``` - -The man page for the date command lists all of its options. The list is fairly mind boggling, but you’ll probably find some date/time display options that work really well for you. Here are some that you might find interesting. - -The date in universal time (UTC): - -``` -$ date -u -Tue 26 Nov 2019 01:13:59 PM UTC -``` - -The number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970 (related to how dates are stored on Linux systems): - -``` -$ date +%s -1574774137 -``` - -Here's a full listing of the date command's options. As I said, it's a lot more extensive than most of us likely imagine. - -``` -%% a literal % -%a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun) -%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday) -%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan) -%B locale's full month name (e.g., January) -%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005) -%C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20) -%d day of month (e.g., 01) -%D date; same as %m/%d/%y -%e day of month, space padded; same as %_d -%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d -%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G) -%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V -%h same as %b -%H hour (00..23) -%I hour (01..12) -%j day of year (001..366) -%k hour, space padded ( 0..23); same as %_H -%l hour, space padded ( 1..12); same as %_I -%m month (01..12) -%M minute (00..59) -%n a newline -%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999) -%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known -%P like %p, but lower case -%q quarter of year (1..4) -%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM) -%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M -%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC -%S second (00..60) -%t a tab -%T time; same as %H:%M:%S -%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday -%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53) -%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53) -%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday -%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53) -%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99) -%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48) -%y last two digits of year (00..99) -%Y year -%z +hhmm numeric time zone (e.g., -0400) -%:z +hh:mm numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00) -%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00) -%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30) -%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT) -``` - -Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][3] and [LinkedIn][4] to comment on topics that are top of mind. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3481602/displaying-dates-and-times-your-way-with-linux.html - -作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html -[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3440100/take-the-intelligent-route-with-consumption-based-storage.html?utm_source=IDG&utm_medium=promotions&utm_campaign=HPE20773&utm_content=sidebar ( Take the Intelligent Route with Consumption-Based Storage) -[3]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/ -[4]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world diff --git a/translated/tech/20191127 Displaying dates and times your way.md b/translated/tech/20191127 Displaying dates and times your way.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e0ccbb3142 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20191127 Displaying dates and times your way.md @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (wxy) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (Displaying dates and times your way) +[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3481602/displaying-dates-and-times-your-way-with-linux.html) +[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/) + +按你的方式显示日期和时间 +====== + +> Linux date 命令提供了很多显示日期和时间的选项，要比你想的还要多。这是一些更有用的选择。 + +在 Linux 系统上，`date` 命令非常简单。你键入 `date`，日期和时间将以一种有用的方式显示。它包括星期几、日期、时间和时区： + +``` +$ date +Tue 26 Nov 2019 11:45:11 AM EST +``` + +只要你的系统配置正确，你就会看到日期和当前时间以及时区。 + +但是，该命令还提供了许多选项来以不同方式显示日期和时间信息。例如，如果要显示日期以进行排序，则可能需要使用如下命令： + +``` +$ date "+%Y-%m-%d" +2019-11-26 +``` + +在这种情况下，年、月和日按该顺序排列。请注意，我们使用大写字母 `Y` 来获得四位数的年份。如果我们使用小写的 `y`，则只会看到两位数字的年份（例如 19）。不要让这种想法使你联想到，如果 `％m` 给你一个数字月份，`％M` 可能会给你月份的名称。不，`％M` 将给你分钟数。要以缩写名称格式获得月份，你要使用 `％b`，而对于完全拼写的月份，则要使用 `％B`。 + +``` +$ date "+%b %B" +Nov November +``` + +或者，你可能希望以这种常用格式显示日期： + +``` +$ date +%D +11/26/19 +``` + +如果你需要四位数的年份，则可以执行以下操作： + +``` +$ date "+%x" +11/26/2019 +``` + +下面是一个可能有用的示例。假设你需要创建一个每日报告并在文件名中包含日期，则可以使用以下命令来创建文件（可能用在脚本中）： + +``` +$ touch Report-`date "+%Y-%m-%d"` +``` + +当你列出你的报告时，它们将按日期顺序或反向日期顺序（如果你添加 `-r`）列出。 + +``` +$ ls -r Report* +Report-2019-11-26 +Report-2019-11-25 +Report-2019-11-22 +Report-2019-11-21 +Report-2019-11-20 +``` + +你还可以在日期字符串中添加其他详细信息。可用的各种选项令人惊讶。你可以使用 `date "+%q"` 来显示你所在的一年中的哪个季度，或使用类似以下命令来显示两个月前的日期： + +``` +$ date --date="2 months ago" +Thu 26 Sep 2019 09:02:43 AM EDT +``` + +是否想知道下周四的日期？你可以使用类似 `date --date="next thu"` 的命令，但是要理解，对于Linux，下个周四意味着今天之后的周四。如果今天是星期三，那就是明天，而不是下周的星期四。但是，你可以像下面的第二个命令一样指定下周的星期四。 + +``` +$ date --date="next thu" +Thu 28 Nov 2019 12:00:00 AM EST +$ date --date="next week thu" +Thu 05 Dec 2019 12:00:00 AM EST +``` + +`date` 命令的手册页列出了其所有选项。该列表令人难以置信，但是你可能会发现一些日期/时间显示选项非常适合您。以下是一些你可能会发现有趣的东西。 + +世界标准时间（UTC）： + +``` +$ date -u +Tue 26 Nov 2019 01:13:59 PM UTC +``` + +自 1970 年 1 月 1 日以来的秒数（与 Linux 系统上日期的存储方式有关）： + +``` +$ date +%s +1574774137 +``` + +这是 `date` 命令选项的完整列表。正如我所说，它比我们大多数人想象的要广泛得多。 + +- `%%` 字母 ％ +- `％a` 语言环境的缩写星期名称（例如，日 / Sun） +- `％A` 语言环境的完整星期名称（例如，星期日 / Sunday） +- `％b` 语言环境的缩写月份名称（例如 一 / Jan） +- `％B` 语言环境的完整月份名称（例如，一月 / January） +- `％c` 语言环境的日期和时间（例如 2005年3月3日 星期四 23:05:25 / Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005） +- `％C` 世纪；类似于 `％Y`，但省略了后两位数字（例如，20） +- `%d` 月份的天（例如，01） +- `％D` 日期；与 `％m/％d/％y` 相同 +- `％e` 月份的天，填充前缀空格；与 `％_d` 相同 +- `％F` 完整日期；与 `％Y-％m-％d` 相同 +- `％g` ISO 周号的年份的后两位数字（请参见 `％G`） +- `%G` ISO 周号的年份（请参阅 `％V`）；通常仅配合 `％V`有用 +- `％h` 与 `％b` 相同 +- `％H` 小时（00..23） +- `％I` 小时（01..12） +- `%j` 一年的天（001..366） +- `％k` 小时，填充前缀空格（ 0..23）；与 `％_H` 相同 +- `％l` 小时，填充前缀空格（ 1..12）；与 `％_I` 相同 +- `％m` 月份（01..12） +- `％M` 分钟（00..59） +- `％n` 换行符 +- `％N` 纳秒（000000000..999999999） +- `%p` 语言环境中等同于 AM 或 PM 的字符串；如果未知，则为空白 +- `％P` 像 `％p`，但使用小写 +- `％q` 季度（1..4） +- `％r` 语言环境的 12 小时制时间（例如，晚上 11:11:04 / 11:11:04 PM） +- `％R` 24 小时制的小时和分钟；与 `％H:％M` 相同 +- `%s` 自 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC 以来的秒数 +- `％S` 秒（00..60） +- `％t` 制表符 +- `％T` 时间；与 `％H:％M:％S` 相同 +- `％u` 星期（1..7）；1 是星期一 +- `％U` 年的周数，以星期日为一周的第一天（00..53） +- `％V` ISO 周号，以星期一为一周的第一天（01..53） +- `％w` 星期（0..6）；0 是星期日 +- `％W` 年的周数，星期一为一周的第一天（00..53） +- `％x` 语言环境的日期表示形式（例如，1999年12月31日 / 12/31/99） +- `％X` 语言环境的时间表示形式（例如，23:13:48） +- `％y` 年的最后两位数字（00..99） +- `％Y` 年 +- `％z` +hhmm 格式的数字时区（例如，-0400） +- `％:z` +hh:mm 格式的数字时区（例如，-04:00） +- `％::z` +hh:mm:ss 格式的时区（例如 -04:00:00） +- `％:::z` 数字时区，带有 `:` 达到必要的精度（例如 -04，+05:30） +- `％Z` 字母时区缩写（例如，EDT） + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3481602/displaying-dates-and-times-your-way-with-linux.html + +作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html +[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3440100/take-the-intelligent-route-with-consumption-based-storage.html?utm_source=IDG&utm_medium=promotions&utm_campaign=HPE20773&utm_content=sidebar ( Take the Intelligent Route with Consumption-Based Storage) +[3]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/ +[4]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world