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translating---geekpi
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How to Use WSL Like a Linux Pro
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============================================================
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Learn how to perform tasks like mounting USB drives and manipulating files in this WSL tutorial. (Image courtesy: Microsoft)[Used with permission][1][Microsoft][2]
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In the [previous tutorial][4], we learned about setting up WSL on your Windows 10 system. You can perform a lot of Linux command like tasks in Windows 10 using WSL. Many sysadmin tasks are done inside a terminal, whether it’s a Linux based system or macOS. Windows 10, however, lacks such capabilities. You want to run a cron job? No. You want to ssh into your server and then rsync files? No way. How about managing your local files with powerful command line utilities instead of using slow and unreliable GUI utilities?
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In this tutorial, you’ll see how to perform additional tasks beyond managing your servers using WSL - things like mounting USB drives and manipulating files. You need to be running a fully updated Windows 10 and the Linux distro of your choice. I covered these steps in the [previous article][5], so begin there if you need to catch up. Let’s get started.
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### Keep your Linux system updated
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The fact is there is no Linux kernel running under the hood when you run Ubuntu or openSUSE through WSL. Yet, you must keep your distros fully updated to keep your system protected from any new known vulnerabilities. Since only two free community distributions are officially available in Windows Store, out tutorial will cover only those two: openSUSE and Ubuntu.
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Update your Ubuntu system:
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```
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# sudo apt-get update
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# sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
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```
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To run updates for openSUSE:
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```
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# zypper up
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```
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You can also upgrade openSUSE to the latest version with the _dup_ command. But before running the system upgrade, please run updates using the previous command.
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```
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# zypper dup
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```
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**Note: **openSUSE defaults to the root user. If you want to perform any non-administrative tasks, please switch to a non-privileged user. You can learn how to create a user on openSUSE in this [article][6].
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### Manage local files
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If you want to use great Linux command line utilities to manage your local files, you can easily do that with WSL. Unfortunately, WSL doesn’t yet support things like _lsblk_ or _mnt_ to mount local drives. You can, however, _cd _ to the C drive and manage files:
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/mnt/c/Users/swapnil/Music
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I am now in the Music directory of the C drive.
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To mount other drives, partitions, and external USB drives, you will need to create a mount point and then mount that drive.
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Open File Explorer and check the mount point of that drive. Let’s assume it’s mounted in Windows as S:\
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In the Ubuntu/openSUSE terminal, create a mount point for the drive.
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```
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sudo mkdir /mnt/s
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```
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Now mount the drive:
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```
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mount -f drvfs S: /mnt/s
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```
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Once mounted, you can now access that drive from your distro. Just bear in mind that distro running with WSL will see what Windows can see. So you can’t mount ext4 drives that can’t be mounted on Windows natively.
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You can now use all those magical Linux commands here. Want to copy or move files from one folder to another? Just run the _cp_ or _mv_ command.
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```
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cp /source-folder/source-file.txt /destination-folder/
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cp /music/classical/Beethoven/symphony-2.mp3 /plex-media/music/classical/
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```
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If you want to move folders or large files, I would recommend _rsync_ instead of the _cp_ command:
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```
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rsync -avzP /music/classical/Beethoven/symphonies/ /plex-media/music/classical/
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```
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Yay!
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Want to create new directories in Windows drives, just use the awesome _mkdir_ command.
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Want to set up a cron job to automate a task at certain time? Go ahead and create a cron job with _crontab -e_ . Easy peasy.
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You can also mount network/remote folders in Linux so you can manage them with better tools. All of my drives are plugged into either a Raspberry Pi powered server or a live server, so I simply ssh into that machine and manage the drive. Transferring files between the local machine and remote system can be done using, once again, the _rsync_ command.
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WSL is now out of beta, and it will continue to get more new features. Two features that I am excited about are the lsblk command and the dd command that allow me to natively manage my drives and create bootable drives of Linux from within Windows. If you are new to the Linux command line, this [previous tutorial ][7]will help you get started with some of the most basic commands.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/2018/2/how-use-wsl-linux-pro
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作者：[SWAPNIL BHARTIYA][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/arnieswap
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[1]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
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[2]:https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/learn-about-windows-console-and-windows-subsystem-for-linux-wsl/
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[3]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/wsl-propng
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[4]:https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/2018/2/how-get-started-using-wsl-windows-10
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[5]:https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/2018/2/how-get-started-using-wsl-windows-10
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[6]:https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/2018/2/how-get-started-using-wsl-windows-10
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[7]:https://www.linux.com/learn/how-use-linux-command-line-basics-cli
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translated/tech/20180226 How to Use WSL Like a Linux Pro.md
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如何像 Linux 专家那样使用 WSL
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============================================================
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在本 WSL 教程中了解如何执行像挂载 USB 驱动器和操作文件等任务。（图片提供：Microsoft）[经许可使用][1]
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在[之前的教程][4]中，我们学习了在 Windows 10 上设置 WSL。你可以在 Windows 10 中使用 WSL 执行许多 Linux 命令。许多系统管理任务都是在终端内部完成的，无论是基于 Linux 的系统还是 macOS。然而，Windows 10 缺乏这样的功能。你想运行一个 cron 任务么？不行。你想 SSH 进入你的服务器，然后 rsync 文件么？没门。如何用强大的命令行工具管理本地文件，而不是使用缓慢和不可靠的 GUI 工具？
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在本教程中，你将看到如何使用 WSL执行除了管理的其他任务 - 例如挂载 USB 驱动器和操作文件。你需要运行一个完全更新的 Windows 10 并选择一个 Linux 发行版。我在[上一篇文章][5]中介绍了这些步骤，所以如果你需要赶上，那就从那里开始。让我们开始吧。
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### 保持你的 Linux 系统更新
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事实上，当你通过 WSL 运行 Ubuntu 或 openSUSE 时，没有 Linux 内核在运行。然而，你必须保持你的发行版完整更新，以保护你的系统免受任何新的已知漏洞的影响。由于在 Windows 应用商店中只有两个免费的社区发行版，所以教程将只覆盖以下两个：openSUSE 和 Ubuntu。
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更新你的 Ubuntu 系统：
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```
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# sudo apt-get update
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# sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
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```
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运行 openSUSE 的更新：
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```
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# zypper up
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```
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您还可以使用 _dup_ 命令将 openSUSE 升级到最新版本。但在运行系统升级之前，请使用上一个命令运行更新。
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```
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# zypper dup
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```
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**注意：** openSUSE 默认为 root 用户。如果你想执行任何非管理员任务，请切换到非特权用户。您可以这篇[文章][6]中了解如何在 openSUSE上 创建用户。
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### 管理本地文件
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如果你想使用优秀的 Linux 命令行工具来管理本地文件，你可以使用 WSL 轻松完成此操作。不幸的是，WSL 还不支持像 _lsblk_ 或 _mnt_ 这样的东西来挂载本地驱动器。但是，你可以 _cd _ 到 C 盘并管理文件：
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/mnt/c/Users/swapnil/Music
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我现在在 C 盘的 Music 目录下。
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要安装其他驱动器、分区和外部 USB 驱动器，你需要创建一个挂载点，然后挂载该驱动器。
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打开文件资源管理器并检查该驱动器的挂载点。假设它在 Windows 中被挂载为 S:\
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在 Ubuntu/openSUSE 终端中，为驱动器创建一个挂载点。
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```
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sudo mkdir /mnt/s
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```
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现在挂载驱动器：
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```
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mount -f drvfs S: /mnt/s
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```
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挂载完毕后，你现在可以从发行版访问该驱动器。请记住，使用 WSL 运行的发行版将会看到 Windows 能看到的内容。因此，你无法挂载在 Windows 上无法原生挂载的 ext4 驱动器。
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现在你可以在这里使用所有这些神奇的 Linux 命令。想要将文件从一个文件夹复制或移动到另一个文件夹？只需运行 _cp_ 或 _mv_ 命令。
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```
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cp /source-folder/source-file.txt /destination-folder/
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cp /music/classical/Beethoven/symphony-2.mp3 /plex-media/music/classical/
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```
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如果你想移动文件夹或大文件，我会推荐 _rsync_ 而不是 _cp_ 命令：
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```
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rsync -avzP /music/classical/Beethoven/symphonies/ /plex-media/music/classical/
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```
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耶！
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想要在 Windows 驱动器中创建新目录，只需使用 _mkdir_ 命令。
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想要在某个时间设置一个 cron 作业来自动执行任务吗？继续使用 _crontab -e_ 创建一个 cron 作业。十分简单。
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你还可以在 Linux 中挂载网络/远程文件夹，以便你可以使用更好的工具管理它们。我的所有驱动器都插在树莓派或者服务器上，因此我只需 ssh 进入该机器并管理硬盘。在本地计算机和远程系统之间传输文件可以再次使用 _rsync_ 命令完成。
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WSL 现在已经不再是测试版了，它将继续获得更多新功能。我很兴奋的两个特性是 lsblk 命令和 dd 命令，它们允许我在 Windows 中本机管理我的驱动器并创建可引导的 Linux 驱动器。如果你是 Linux 命令行的新手，[前一篇教程][7]将帮助你开始使用一些最基本的命令。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/2018/2/how-use-wsl-linux-pro
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作者：[SWAPNIL BHARTIYA][a]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/arnieswap
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[1]:https://www.linux.com/licenses/category/used-permission
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[2]:https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/learn-about-windows-console-and-windows-subsystem-for-linux-wsl/
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[3]:https://www.linux.com/files/images/wsl-propng
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[4]:https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/2018/2/how-get-started-using-wsl-windows-10
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[5]:https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/2018/2/how-get-started-using-wsl-windows-10
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[6]:https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/2018/2/how-get-started-using-wsl-windows-10
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[7]:https://www.linux.com/learn/how-use-linux-command-line-basics-cli
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