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geekpi
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Pipx – Install And Run Python Applications In Isolated Environments)
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[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/pipx-install-and-run-python-applications-in-isolated-environments/)
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[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
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Pipx – Install And Run Python Applications In Isolated Environments
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======
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![][1]
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It is always recommended to install Python applications in Virtual Environments to avoid conflicts with one another. **Pip package manager** helps us to install Python applications in an isolated environments, using two tools namely **venv** and **virtualenv**. There is also another Python package manager named [**“Pipenv”**][2], which is recommended by Python.org, to install Python applications. Unlike Pip, Pipenv automatically creates virtual environments by default. Meaning – you don’t need to manually create virtual environments for your projects anymore. Today, I stumbled upon a similar tool named **“Pipx”** , a free and open source utility that allows you to install and run Python applications in an isolated virtual environments.
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Using Pipx, we can easily install thousands of Python applications hosted in **PyPI** without much hassle. Good thing is you can do everything with regular user permissions. You need not to be “root” user or need not to have “sudo” permissions. It is worth mentioning that **Pipx can run a program from temporary environment** , without having to install it. This will be handy when you test multiple versions of same program often. The packages installed with Pipx can be listed, upgrade or uninstalled at any time. Pipx is a cross-platform application, so it can run on Linux, Mac OS and Windows.
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### Install Pipx
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**Python 3.6+** , **Pip** and **venv** module are required to install pipx. Make sure you have installed them as described in the following guide.
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* [**How To Manage Python Packages Using Pip**][3]
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Here, venv is needed to create virtual environments.
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Next, run the following commands to install Pipx.
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```
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$ python3 -m pip install --user pipx
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$ python3 -m userpath append ~/.local/bin
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```
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The default location of pipx’s binary is **~/.local/bin**. You can override this with the **PIPX_BIN_DIR** environment variable. If you override **PIPX_BIN_DIR** , just make sure it is on your path by running **userpath append $PIPX_BIN_DIR**.
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And the default virtual environment location of Pipx is **~/.local/pipx**. This can be overridden with the environment variable **PIPX_HOME**.
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Let us go ahead and see how to install Python applications using Pipx.
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### Install And Run Python Applications In Isolated Environments Using Pipx
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Here are few examples to getting started with Pipx.
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##### Install Python packages
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To install a Python application, for example **cowsay** , globally, run:
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```
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$ pipx install cowsay
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```
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This command will automatically create virtual environments, install the package in it and put the package executable file on your **$PATH**.
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**Sample output:**
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```
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installed package cowsay 2.0.3, Python 3.6.8
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These binaries are now globally available
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- cowsay
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done! ✨ 🌟 ✨
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```
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![1][4]
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Install Python Applications Using Pipx
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Let us test newly installed cowsay program:
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![1][5]
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Here, I have taken the examples from official site. You can install/test any other Python package of your choice.
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##### List Python packages
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To list all installed applications using Pipx, run:
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```
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$ pipx list
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```
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Sample output:
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```
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venvs are in /home/sk/.local/pipx/venvs
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binaries are exposed on your $PATH at /home/sk/.local/bin
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package cowsay 2.0.3, Python 3.6.8
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- cowsay
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```
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If you have not installed any packages, you will see the following output:
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```
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nothing has been installed with pipx 😴
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```
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##### Upgrade Packages
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To upgrade a package, simply do:
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```
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$ pipx upgrade cowsay
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```
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To upgrade all installed packages in one go, use:
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```
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$ pipx upgrade-all
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```
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##### Run a application from temporary virtual environments
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At times, you might want to run a specific python program, but not actually install it.
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```
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$ pipx run pycowsay moooo
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```
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![1][6]
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Run Python Applications In Temporary Isolated Virtual Environments
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This command doesn’t actually install the given program, but run it from the temporary virtual environment. You can use this command for quickly testing a python application.
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You can even run .py files directly as well.
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```
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$ pipx run https://gist.githubusercontent.com/cs01/fa721a17a326e551ede048c5088f9e0f/raw/6bdfbb6e9c1132b1c38fdd2f195d4a24c540c324/pipx-demo.py
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pipx is working!
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```
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##### Uninstall packages
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A package can be uninstalled with command:
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```
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$ pipx uninstall cowsay
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```
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To remove all installed packages:
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```
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$ pipx uninstall-all
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```
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##### Getting help
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To view help section, run:
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```
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$ pipx --help
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```
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And, that’s all. If you’re ever looking for a safe, convenient and reliable application to install and run Python applications, Pipx might be a good choice.
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**Resource:**
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* [**Pipx GitHub Repository**][7]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/pipx-install-and-run-python-applications-in-isolated-environments/
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作者：[sk][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/pipx-720x340.png
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[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/pipenv-officially-recommended-python-packaging-tool/
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[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/manage-python-packages-using-pip/
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[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Install-Python-Applications-Using-Pipx.png
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[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Test-Python-application.png
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[6]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Run-Python-Applications-In-Isolated-Environments.png
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[7]: https://github.com/pipxproject/pipx
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@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Pipx – Install And Run Python Applications In Isolated Environments)
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[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/pipx-install-and-run-python-applications-in-isolated-environments/)
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[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
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Pipx - 在隔离环境中安装和运行 Python 应用
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======
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![][1]
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始终建议在虚拟环境中安装 Python 应用以避免彼此冲突。**Pip 包管理器**帮助我们在隔离的环境中安装 Python 应用，我们使用两个工具，即 **venv** 和 **virtualenv**。还有一个 Python.org 推荐的名为 [**“Pipenv”**][2] 的 Python 包管理器用来安装 Python 应用。与 Pip 不同，Pipenv 默认自动创建虚拟环境。这意味着你不再需要为项目手动创建虚拟环境。今天，我偶然发现了一个名为 **“Pipx”** 的类似工具，它是一个免费的开源程序，允许你在隔离的虚拟环境中安装和运行 Python 应用。
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使用 Pipx，我们可以轻松安装 **PyPI** 中托管的数千个 Python 应用，而不会有太多麻烦。好的是，你可以使用常规用户权限执行所有操作。你不需要成为 “root” 用户或不需要具有 “sudo” 权限。值得一提的是，**Pipx 可以从临时环境**运行程序，而无需安装它。当你经常测试同一程序的多个版本时，这将非常方便。随 Pipx 一起安装的软件包可以随时列出，升级或卸载。Pipx 是一个跨平台的程序，因此它可以在 Linux、Mac OS 和 Windows 上运行。
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### 安装 Pipx
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**Python 3.6+ **、** Pip** 和 **venv** 模块是安装 pipx 所必需的。确保按照以下指南中的说明安装它们。
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* [**如何使用 Pip 管理 Python 包**][3]
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此处，需要 venv 来创建虚拟环境。
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接下来，运行以下命令安装 Pipx。
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```
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$ python3 -m pip install --user pipx
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$ python3 -m userpath append ~/.local/bin
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```
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pipx 二进制文件的默认位置是 **~/.local/bin**。你可以使用 **PIPX_BIN_DIR** 环境变量覆盖它。如果要覆盖 **PIPX_BIN_DIR**，只需运行 **userpath append $PIPX_BIN_DIR** ，确保它在你的路径中。
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Pipx 的默认虚拟环境位置是 **~/.local/pipx**。这可以用环境变量 **PIPX_HOME** 覆盖。
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让我们继续看看如何使用 Pipx 安装 Python 应用。
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### 使用 Pipx 在隔离环境中安装和运行 Python 应用
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以下是 Pipx 入门的几个例子
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##### 安装 Python 包
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要全局安装 Python 应用，例如 **cowsay**，请运行：
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```
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$ pipx install cowsay
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```
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此命令将自动创建虚拟环境，在其中安装包并包的可执行文件放在 **$PATH** 中。
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**示例输出：**
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```
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installed package cowsay 2.0.3, Python 3.6.8
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These binaries are now globally available
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- cowsay
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done! ✨ 🌟 ✨
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```
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![1][4]
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使用 Pipx 安装 Python 应用
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让我们测试新安装的 cowsay 程序：
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![1][5]
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在这里，我从官方网站上摘取了这些例子。你可以安装/测试任何其他的 Python 包。
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##### 列出 Python 包
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要使用 Pipx 列出所有已安装的应用，请运行：
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```
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$ pipx list
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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venvs are in /home/sk/.local/pipx/venvs
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binaries are exposed on your $PATH at /home/sk/.local/bin
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package cowsay 2.0.3, Python 3.6.8
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- cowsay
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```
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如果你尚未安装任何软件包，你将看到以下输出：
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```
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nothing has been installed with pipx 😴
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```
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##### 升级包
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要升级包，只需执行以下操作：
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```
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$ pipx upgrade cowsay
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```
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要一次性升级所有已安装的软件包，请使用：
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```
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$ pipx upgrade-all
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```
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##### 从临时虚拟环境运行应用
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有时，你可能希望运行特定的 python 程序，但并不实际安装它。
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```
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$ pipx run pycowsay moooo
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```
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![1][6]
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在临时隔离虚拟环境中运行 Python 应用
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此命令实际上并不安装指定程序，而是从临时虚拟环境运行它。你可以使用此命令快速测试 python 应用。
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你甚至可以直接运行 .py 文件。
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```
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$ pipx run https://gist.githubusercontent.com/cs01/fa721a17a326e551ede048c5088f9e0f/raw/6bdfbb6e9c1132b1c38fdd2f195d4a24c540c324/pipx-demo.py
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pipx is working!
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```
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##### 卸载软件包
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可以使用以下命令卸载软件包：
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```
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$ pipx uninstall cowsay
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```
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要删除所有已安装的包：
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```
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$ pipx uninstall-all
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```
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##### 获得帮助
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要查看帮助部分，请运行：
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```
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$ pipx --help
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```
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就是这些了。如果你一直在寻找安全，方便和可靠的程序来安装和运行 Python 应用，Pipx 可能是一个不错的选择。
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**资源：**
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* [**Pipx 的 GitHub 仓库**][7]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/pipx-install-and-run-python-applications-in-isolated-environments/
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作者：[sk][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/pipx-720x340.png
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[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/pipenv-officially-recommended-python-packaging-tool/
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[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/manage-python-packages-using-pip/
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[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Install-Python-Applications-Using-Pipx.png
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[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Test-Python-application.png
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[6]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Run-Python-Applications-In-Isolated-Environments.png
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[7]: https://github.com/pipxproject/pipx
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