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translating by kennethXia
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5 keys to building open hardware
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5 keys to building open hardware
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======
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======
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Opensource.com: Advanced SSH Cheat Sheet
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===========================
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Most people know SSH as a tool for remote login, which it is, but it can be used in many other ways.
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```
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Create a SOCKS proxy to tunnel your web traffic (like when you’re traveling)
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ssh -D <port> <remote_host>
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Set your web browser to use localhost:<port> as the proxy.
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Connect to a Windows RDP host behind a bastion server
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ssh -L <port>:<target_host>:3389 <bastion_server>
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Set your RDP client to connect to localhost:<port>
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Connect to your remote machine’s VNC server without opening the VNC port
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ssh -L 5901:localhost:5901 <remote_host>
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Set your VNC client to to connect to localhost:5901
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You can follow this pattern with other ports you don’t want to open to the world: LDAP (389), 631 (CUPS), 8080 (alternate HTTP), and so on.
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Generate a new SSH key pair
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ssh-keygen
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Update the passphrase on an existing SSH key-pair
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ssh-keygen -p
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Copy a public SSH key to a remote host
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ssh-copy-id -i <identity file> <remote_host>
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SSH has a lot of command-line options, but if you use the same options for a host regularly, you can put an entry in the SSH configuration file (${HOME}/.ssh/config) instead. For example:
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host myhouse
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User itsme
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HostName house.example.com
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Then you can type ssh myhouse instead of ssh itsme@house.example.com.
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```
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Here are common command-line options and their configuration file equivalents. Some are simplified for common use cases. See the ssh(1) and ssh_config(5) manual pages for full details.
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|Command Line| Configuration File|Description
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|:--|:--|:--|
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|-l \<login name\>| User \<login name\>The login name on the remote machine.
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|-i \<identity file\> |IdentityFile \<identity file\> |The identity file (SSH keypair) to use for authentication. |
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|-p \<remote port\>| Port \<remote port\>|The port on which the remote SSH daemon is listening. (default: 22) |
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|-C|Compression \<yes\|no\>|Compress traffic between hosts. (default: no) |
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|-D \<port\>|DynamicForward \<port\>|Forward traffic on the local port to the remote machine. |
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|-X|ForwardX11 \<yes\|no\>|Display X11 graphical programs from your remote host on the local host. (default: no) |
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|-A|ForwardAgent \<yes\|no\>|Forward the authentication agent to the remote host. This is helpful if you’ll then connect to a third host. (default: no) |
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|-4 (use IPv4 only) -6 (use IPv6 only)|AddressFamily \<any\|inet4\|inet6\> |Specify whether to use IPv4 or IPv6 only. |
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|-L \<local port\>:\<target host\>:\<target port\> |LocalForward \<local port\>:\<target host\>:\<target port\> |Forward local traffic on the specified to port to the remote host and port. |
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opensource.com
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Twitter @opensourceway | facebook.com/opensourceway | IRC: #opensource.com on Freenode
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介：
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Ben Cotton is a meteorologist by training and a high-performance computing engineer by trade. Ben works as a product marketing manger at Microsoft Azure focused on high performance computing. He is a Fedora user and contributor, co-founded a local open source meetup group, and is a member of the Open Source Initiative and a supporter of Software Freedom Conservancy. Find him on Twitter (@FunnelFiasco) or at FunnelFiasco.com.
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-------------
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via: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/gated-content/cheat_sheet_ssh_v03.pdf
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作者：[ BEN COTTON ][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://opensource.com/users/bcotton
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[1]:https://web.kamihq.com/web/upgrade.html
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73
translated/tech/20180402 Advanced SSH Cheat Sheet.md
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73
translated/tech/20180402 Advanced SSH Cheat Sheet.md
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Opensource.com: 高级 SSH 用法表
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===========================
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所有人都知道 SSH 是一种远程登录工具，然而它也有许多其他用途。
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```
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创建一个 SOCKS 代理来浏览网页（也就是翻墙啦）：
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ssh -D <port> <remote_host>
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设置 localhost:<port> 作为你浏览器的代理
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连接一个躲在防御服务器背后的 Windows RDP 主机：
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ssh -L <port>:<target_host>:3389 <bastion_server>
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让你的 RDP 客户端连接到 localhost:<port>
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在不使用 VNC 端口的情况下，连接远程 VNC 主机：
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ssh -L 5901:localhost:5901 <remote_host>
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让你的 VNC 客户端连接到 localhost:5901
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按照这个思路，你可以映射任意端口： LDAP (389), 631 (CUPS), 8080 (alternate HTTP)，等等。
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产生一个新的 SSH 密钥对：
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ssh-keygen
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更新密钥对的密码：
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ssh-keygen -p
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把公钥复制到远程主机上：
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ssh-copy-id -i <identity file> <remote_host>
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SSH 有一堆命令行选项，但是如果有一些是你经常使用的，你可以为他们在 SSH 配置文件 (${HOME}/.ssh/config) 里创建一个入口。比如：
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host myhouse
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User itsme
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HostName house.example.com
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那么你就可以输入 'ssh myhouse' 来代替 'ssh itsme@house.example.com'.
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```
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以下是常用的命令行选项和他们的配置文件写法。一些是常用的简化写法。请查看 ssh(1) 和 ssh_config(5) 的手册页来获取详尽信息。
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|命令行|配置文件|描述
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|-l \<login name\>| User \<login name\>|远程主机的登录用户名。|
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|-i \<identity file\> |IdentityFile \<identity file\> |指定要使用的鉴权文件（SSH 密码对）。 |
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|-p \<remote port\>| Port \<remote port\>|远程 SSH 守护进程监听的端口号。 (默认为 22) |
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|-C|Compression \<yes\|no\>|压缩往来信息。 (默认为 no) |
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|-D \<port\>|DynamicForward \<port\>|把本地端口的报文转发到远程主机。 |
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|-X|ForwardX11 \<yes\|no\>|把 X11 的图像数据转发到远程主机的端口. (默认为 no) |
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|-A|ForwardAgent \<yes\|no\>|把授权代理的报文转发给远程主机。如果你使用第三方主机登录，这个功能将很有用。 (默认为 no) |
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|-4 (use IPv4 only) -6 (use IPv6 only)|AddressFamily \<any\|inet4\|inet6\> |指定仅使用 IPv4 或者 IPv6. |
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|-L \<local port\>:\<target host\>:\<target port\> |LocalForward \<local port\>:\<target host\>:\<target port\> |把本地主机指定端口的报文转发到远程主机的某个端口。|
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opensource.com
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Twitter @opensourceway | facebook.com/opensourceway | IRC: #opensource.com on Freenode
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介：
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Ben Cotton是业余的气象学家和职业的高性能计算工程师。Ben 是微软 Azure 的产品营销经理，专注于高性能计算。他是一个 Fedora 用户和贡献者，共同创立了一个当地的开放源码群，并且是开源促进会的成员和保护自由软件的支持者。通过以下方式联系他 Twitter (@FunnelFiasco) 或者 FunnelFiasco.com.
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-------------
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via: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/gated-content/cheat_sheet_ssh_v03.pdf
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作者：[ BEN COTTON ][a]
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译者：[kennethXia](https://github.com/kennethXia)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://opensource.com/users/bcotton
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[1]:https://web.kamihq.com/web/upgrade.html
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