diff --git a/translated/tech/20191003 How to Run the Top Command in Batch Mode.md b/translated/tech/20191003 How to Run the Top Command in Batch Mode.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7c575c5bb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20191003 How to Run the Top Command in Batch Mode.md @@ -0,0 +1,335 @@ +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "way-ww" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " +[#]: subject: "How to Run the Top Command in Batch Mode" +[#]: via: "https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-run-execute-top-command-in-batch-mode/" +[#]: author: "Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/" + +如何在批处理模式下运行 Top 命令 +====== + +**[Top 命令][1]** 是每个人都在使用的用于 **[监控 Linux 系统性能][2]** 的最好的命令。 + +除了很少的几个操作， 你可能已经知道 top 命令的绝大部分操作， 如果我没错的话， 批处理模式就是其中之一。 + +大部分的脚本编写者和开发人员都知道这个， 因为这个操作主要就是用来编写脚本。 + +如果你不了解这个， 不用担心，我们将在这里介绍它。 + +### 什么是 Top 命令的批处理模式 + +批处理模式允许你将 top 命令的输出发送至其他程序或者文件中。 + +在这个模式中， top 命令将不会接收输入并且持续运行直到迭代次数达到你用 “-n” 选项指定的次数为止。 + +如果你想解决 Linux 服务器上的任何性能问题， 你需要正确的 **[理解 top 命令的输出][3]** 。 + +### 1) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令 + +默认地， top 命令按照 CPU 的使用率来排序输出结果， 所以当你在批处理模式中运行以下命令时， 它会执行同样的操作并打印前 35 行。 + +``` +# top -bc | head -35 + +top - 06:41:14 up 8 days, 20:24, 1 user, load average: 0.87, 0.77, 0.81 +Tasks: 139 total, 1 running, 136 sleeping, 0 stopped, 2 zombie +%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 3.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 96.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st +KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1595932 free, 886736 used, 1398272 buff/cache +KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2648472 avail Mem + +PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND + 1 root 20 0 191144 2800 1596 S 0.0 0.1 5:43.63 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22 + 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.32 [kthreadd] + 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:28.10 [ksoftirqd/0] + 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kworker/0:0H] + 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:33.96 [migration/0] + 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [rcu_bh] + 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 63:05.12 [rcu_sched] + 10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [lru-add-drain] + 11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.79 [watchdog/0] + 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.82 [watchdog/1] + 13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:44.27 [migration/1] + 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:22.45 [ksoftirqd/1] + 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kworker/1:0H] + 18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 [kdevtmpfs] + 19 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [netns] + 20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.35 [khungtaskd] + 21 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 [writeback] + 22 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kintegrityd] + 23 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [bioset] + 24 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kblockd] + 25 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [md] + 26 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [edac-poller] + 33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:19.07 [kswapd0] + 34 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [ksmd] + 35 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:12.80 [khugepaged] + 36 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [crypto] + 44 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kthrotld] + 46 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kmpath_rdacd] +``` + +### 2) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并按内存使用率排序结果 + +在批处理模式中运行以下命令按内存使用率对结果进行排序 + +``` +# top -bc -o +%MEM | head -n 20 + +top - 06:42:00 up 8 days, 20:25, 1 user, load average: 0.66, 0.74, 0.80 +Tasks: 146 total, 1 running, 145 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie +%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st +KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1422044 free, 1059176 used, 1399720 buff/cache +KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2475984 avail Mem + + PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND + 18105 mysql 20 0 1453900 156096 8816 S 0.0 4.0 2:12.98 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid + 1841 root 20 0 228980 107036 5360 S 0.0 2.8 0:05.56 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/perl/528/bin/perl -T -w /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/bin/spamd --max-children=3 --max-spare=1 --allowed-ips=127.0.0.+ + 4301 root 20 0 230208 104608 1816 S 0.0 2.7 0:03.77 spamd child + 8139 nobody 20 0 257000 27108 3408 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.04 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start + 7961 nobody 20 0 256988 26912 3160 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.05 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start + 8190 nobody 20 0 256976 26812 3140 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.05 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start + 8353 nobody 20 0 256976 26812 3144 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.04 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start + 8629 nobody 20 0 256856 26736 3108 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.02 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start + 8636 nobody 20 0 256856 26712 3100 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.03 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start + 8611 nobody 20 0 256844 25764 2228 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.01 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start + 8451 nobody 20 0 256844 25760 2220 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.04 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start + 8610 nobody 20 0 256844 25748 2224 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.01 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start + 8632 nobody 20 0 256844 25744 2216 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.03 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start +``` + +**上面命令的详细信息:** + + * **-b :** 批处理模式选项 + * **-c :** 打印运行中的进程的绝对路径 + * **-o :** 指定进行排序的字段 + * **head :** 输出文件的第一部分 + * **-n :** 打印前 n 行 + + + +### 3) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并按照指定的用户进程对结果进行排序 + +如果你想要按照指定用户进程对结果进行排序请运行以下命令 + +``` +# top -bc -u mysql | head -n 10 + +top - 06:44:58 up 8 days, 20:27, 1 user, load average: 0.99, 0.87, 0.84 +Tasks: 140 total, 1 running, 137 sleeping, 0 stopped, 2 zombie +%Cpu(s): 13.3 us, 3.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 83.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st +KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1589832 free, 885648 used, 1405460 buff/cache +KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2649412 avail Mem + + PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND + 18105 mysql 20 0 1453900 156888 8816 S 0.0 4.0 2:16.42 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid +``` + +### 4) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并按照处理时间进行排序 + +在批处理模式中使用以下 top 命令按照处理时间对结果进行排序。 这展示了任务从启动以来已使用的总 CPU 时间 + +但是如果你想要检查一个进程在 Linux 上运行了多长时间请看接下来的文章。 + + * **[检查 Linux 中进程运行时间的五种方法][4]** + + + +``` +# top -bc -o TIME+ | head -n 20 + +top - 06:45:56 up 8 days, 20:28, 1 user, load average: 0.56, 0.77, 0.81 +Tasks: 148 total, 1 running, 146 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie +%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 3.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 96.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st +KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1378664 free, 1094876 used, 1407400 buff/cache +KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2440332 avail Mem + + PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND + 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 63:05.70 [rcu_sched] + 272 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 16:12.13 [xfsaild/vda1] + 3882 root 20 0 229832 6212 1220 S 0.0 0.2 9:00.84 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start + 1 root 20 0 191144 2800 1596 S 0.0 0.1 5:43.75 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22 + 3761 root 20 0 68784 9820 2048 S 0.0 0.3 5:09.67 tailwatchd + 3529 root 20 0 404380 3472 2604 S 0.0 0.1 3:24.98 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n + 3520 root 20 0 574208 572 164 S 0.0 0.0 3:07.74 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P + 444 dbus 20 0 58444 1144 612 S 0.0 0.0 2:23.90 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation + 18105 mysql 20 0 1453900 157152 8816 S 0.0 4.0 2:17.29 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid + 249 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:28.83 [kworker/0:1H] + 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:22.46 [ksoftirqd/1] + 33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:19.07 [kswapd0] + 342 root 20 0 39472 2940 2752 S 0.0 0.1 1:18.17 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald +``` + +### 5) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并将结果保存到文件中 + +如果出于解决问题的目的， 你想要和别人分享 top 命令的输出， 请使用以下命令重定向输出到文件中 + +``` +# top -bc | head -35 > top-report.txt + +# cat top-report.txt + +top - 06:47:11 up 8 days, 20:30, 1 user, load average: 0.67, 0.77, 0.81 +Tasks: 133 total, 4 running, 129 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie +%Cpu(s): 59.4 us, 12.5 sy, 0.0 ni, 28.1 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st +KiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1596268 free, 843284 used, 1441388 buff/cache +KiB Swap: 1048572 total, 514640 free, 533932 used. 2659084 avail Mem + + PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND + 9686 daygeekc 20 0 406132 62184 43448 R 94.1 1.6 0:00.34 /opt/cpanel/ea-php56/root/usr/bin/php-cgi + 9689 nobody 20 0 256588 24428 1184 S 5.9 0.6 0:00.01 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start + 1 root 20 0 191144 2800 1596 S 0.0 0.1 5:43.79 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22 + 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.32 [kthreadd] + 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:28.11 [ksoftirqd/0] + 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kworker/0:0H] + 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:33.96 [migration/0] + 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [rcu_bh] + 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 0.0 0.0 63:05.82 [rcu_sched] + 10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [lru-add-drain] + 11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.79 [watchdog/0] + 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.82 [watchdog/1] + 13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:44.28 [migration/1] + 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:22.46 [ksoftirqd/1] + 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kworker/1:0H] + 18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 [kdevtmpfs] + 19 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [netns] + 20 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.35 [khungtaskd] + 21 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 [writeback] + 22 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kintegrityd] + 23 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [bioset] + 24 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [kblockd] + 25 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [md] + 26 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [edac-poller] + 33 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:19.07 [kswapd0] + 34 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [ksmd] + 35 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:12.80 [khugepaged] + 36 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [crypto] +``` + +### 如何按照指定字段对结果进行排序 + +在 top 命令的最新版本中， 按下 **“f”** 键进入字段管理界面。 + +要使用新字段进行排序， 请使用 **“up/down”** 箭头选择正确的选项， 然后再按下 **“s”** 键进行排序。 最后按 **“q”** 键退出此窗口。 + +``` +Fields Management for window 1:Def, whose current sort field is %CPU + Navigate with Up/Dn, Right selects for move then or Left commits, + 'd' or toggles display, 's' sets sort. Use 'q' or to end! + PID = Process Id nsUTS = UTS namespace Inode + USER = Effective User Name LXC = LXC container name + PR = Priority RSan = RES Anonymous (KiB) + NI = Nice Value RSfd = RES File-based (KiB) + VIRT = Virtual Image (KiB) RSlk = RES Locked (KiB) + RES = Resident Size (KiB) RSsh = RES Shared (KiB) + SHR = Shared Memory (KiB) CGNAME = Control Group name + S = Process Status NU = Last Used NUMA node + %CPU = CPU Usage + %MEM = Memory Usage (RES) + TIME+ = CPU Time, hundredths + COMMAND = Command Name/Line + PPID = Parent Process pid + UID = Effective User Id + RUID = Real User Id + RUSER = Real User Name + SUID = Saved User Id + SUSER = Saved User Name + GID = Group Id + GROUP = Group Name + PGRP = Process Group Id + TTY = Controlling Tty + TPGID = Tty Process Grp Id + SID = Session Id + nTH = Number of Threads + P = Last Used Cpu (SMP) + TIME = CPU Time + SWAP = Swapped Size (KiB) + CODE = Code Size (KiB) + DATA = Data+Stack (KiB) + nMaj = Major Page Faults + nMin = Minor Page Faults + nDRT = Dirty Pages Count + WCHAN = Sleeping in Function + Flags = Task Flags + CGROUPS = Control Groups + SUPGIDS = Supp Groups IDs + SUPGRPS = Supp Groups Names + TGID = Thread Group Id + OOMa = OOMEM Adjustment + OOMs = OOMEM Score current + ENVIRON = Environment vars + vMj = Major Faults delta + vMn = Minor Faults delta + USED = Res+Swap Size (KiB) + nsIPC = IPC namespace Inode + nsMNT = MNT namespace Inode + nsNET = NET namespace Inode + nsPID = PID namespace Inode + nsUSER = USER namespace Inode +``` + +对 top 命令的旧版本， 请按 **“shift+f”** 或 **“shift+o”** 键进入字段管理界面进行排序。 + +要使用新字段进行排序， 请选择相应的排序字段字母， 然后按下 **“Enter”** 排序。 + +``` +Current Sort Field: N for window 1:Def + Select sort field via field letter, type any other key to return + a: PID = Process Id + b: PPID = Parent Process Pid + c: RUSER = Real user name + d: UID = User Id + e: USER = User Name + f: GROUP = Group Name + g: TTY = Controlling Tty + h: PR = Priority + i: NI = Nice value + j: P = Last used cpu (SMP) + k: %CPU = CPU usage + l: TIME = CPU Time + m: TIME+ = CPU Time, hundredths +* N: %MEM = Memory usage (RES) + o: VIRT = Virtual Image (kb) + p: SWAP = Swapped size (kb) + q: RES = Resident size (kb) + r: CODE = Code size (kb) + s: DATA = Data+Stack size (kb) + t: SHR = Shared Mem size (kb) + u: nFLT = Page Fault count + v: nDRT = Dirty Pages count + w: S = Process Status + x: COMMAND = Command name/line + y: WCHAN = Sleeping in Function + z: Flags = Task Flags + Note1: + If a selected sort field can't be + shown due to screen width or your + field order, the '<' and '>' keys + will be unavailable until a field + within viewable range is chosen. + Note2: + Field sorting uses internal values, + not those in column display. Thus, + the TTY & WCHAN fields will violate + strict ASCII collating sequence. + (shame on you if WCHAN is chosen) +``` + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-run-execute-top-command-in-batch-mode/ + +作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[way-ww](https://github.com/way-ww) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-top-command-linux-system-performance-monitoring-tool/ +[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/system-monitoring/ +[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/understanding-linux-top-command-output-usage/ +[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-how-long-a-process-has-been-running-in-linux/