diff --git a/sources/tech/20170303 How to work around video and subtitle embed errors.md b/sources/tech/20170303 How to work around video and subtitle embed errors.md deleted file mode 100644 index 12ad40a975..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20170303 How to work around video and subtitle embed errors.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,109 +0,0 @@ -translating---geekpi - -# How to work around video and subtitle embed errors - - -This is going to be a slightly weird tutorial. The background story is as follows. Recently, I created a bunch of [sweet][1] [parody][2] [clips][3] of the [Risitas y las paelleras][4] sketch, famous for its insane laughter by the protagonist, Risitas. As always, I had them uploaded to Youtube, but from the moment I decided on what subtitles to use to the moment when the videos finally became available online, there was a long and twisty journey. - -In this guide, I would like to present several typical issues that you may encounter when creating your own media, mostly with subtitles and the subsequent upload to media sharing portals, specifically Youtube, and how you can work around those. After me. - -### The background story - -My software of choice for video editing is Kdenlive, which I started using when I created the most silly [Frankenstein][5] clip, and it's been my loyal companion ever since. Normally, I render files to WebM container, with VP8 video codec and Vorbis audio codec, because that's what Google likes. Indeed, I had no issues with the roughly 40 different clips I uploaded in the last seven odd years. - -![Kdenlive, create project](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-errors-kdenlive-create-project.jpg) - -![Kdenlive, render](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-errors-kdenlive-render.png) - -However, after I completed my Risitas & Linux project, I was in a bit of a predicament. The video file and the subtitle file were still two separate entities, and I needed somehow to put them together. My original article for subtitles work mentions Avidemux and Handbrake, and both these are valid options. - -However, I was not too happy with the output generated by either one of these, and for a variety of reasons, something was ever so slightly off. Avidemux did not handle the video codecs well, whereas Handbrake omitted a couple of lines of subtitle text from the final product, and the font was ugly. Solvable, but not the topic for today. - -Therefore, I decided to use VideoLAN (VLC) to embed subtitles onto the video. There are several ways to do this. You can use the Media > Convert/Save option, but this one does not have everything we need. Instead, you should use Media > Stream, which comes with a more fully fledged wizard, and it also offers an editable summary of the transcoding options, which we DO need - see my [tutorial][6] on subtitles for this please. - -### Errors! - -The process of embedding subtitles is not trivial. You will most likely encounter several problems along the way. This guide should help you work around these so you can focus on your work and not waste time debugging weird software errors. Anyhow, here's a small but probable collection of issues you will face while working with subtitles in VLC. Trial & error, but also nerdy design. - -### No playable streams - -You have probably chosen weird output settings. You might want to double check you have selected the right video and audio codecs. Also, remember that some media players may not have all the codecs. Also, make sure you test on the system you want these clips to play. - -![No playable streams](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-errors-no-playable-streams.png) - -### Subtitles overlaid twice - -This can happen if you check the box that reads Use a subtitle file in the first step of the streaming media wizard. Just select the file you need and click Stream. Leave the box unchecked. - -![Select file](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-select.png) - -### No subtitle output is generated - -This can happen for two main reasons. One, you have selected the wrong encapsulation format. Do make sure the subtitles are marked correctly on the profile page when you edit it before proceeding. If the format does not support subtitles, it might not work. - -![Encapsulation](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-encap.png) - -Two, you may have left the subtitle codec render enabled in the final output. You do not need this. You only need to overlay the subtitles onto the video clip. Please check the generated stream output string and delete an option that reads scodec= before you click the Stream button. - -![Remove text from output string](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-remove-text.png) - -### Missing codecs + workaround - -This is a common [bug][7] due to how experimental codecs are implemented, and you will most likely see it if you choose the following profile: Video - H.264 + AAC (MP4). The file will be rendered, and if you selected subtitles, they will be overlaid, too, but without any audio. However, we can fix this with a hack. - -![AAC codec](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-errors-aac-codec.png) - -![MP4A error](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-errors-mp4a.png) - -One possible hack is to start VLC from command line with the --sout-ffmpeg-strict=-2 option (might work). The other and more sureway workaround is to take the audio-less video but with the subtitles overlayed and re-render it through Kdenlive with the original project video render without subtitles as an audio source. Sounds complicated, so in detail: - -* Move existing clips (containing audio) from video to audio. Delete the rest. - -* Alternatively, use rendered WebM file as your audio source. - -* Add new clip - the one we created with embedded subtitles AND no audio. - -* Place the clip as new video. - -* Render as WebM again. - -![Repeat render](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-errors-kdenlive-repeat-render.jpg) - -Using other types of audio codecs will most likely work (e.g. MP3), and you will have a complete project with video, audio and subtitles. If you're happy that nothing is missing, you can now upload to Youtube. But then ... - -### Youtube video manager & unknown format - -If you're trying to upload a non-WebM clip (say MP4), you might get an unspecified error that your clip does not meet the media format requirements. I was not sure why VLC generated a non-Youtube-compliant file. However, again, the fix is easy. Use Kdenlive to recreate the video, and this should result in a file that has all the right meta fields and whatnot that Youtube likes. Back to my original story and the 40-odd clips created through Kdenlive this way. - -P.S. If your clip has valid audio, then just re-run it through Kdenlive. If it does not, do the video/audio trick from before. Mute clips as necessary. In the end, this is just like overlay, except you're using the video source from one clip and audio from another for the final render. Job done. - -### More reading - -I do not wish to repeat myself or spam unnecessarily with links. I have loads of clips on VLC in the Software & Security section, so you might want to consult those. The earlier mentioned article on VLC & Subtitles has links to about half a dozen related tutorials, covering additional topics like streaming, logging, video rotation, remote file access, and more. I'm sure you can work the search engine like pros. - -### Conclusion - -I hope you find this guide helpful. It covers a lot, and I tried to make it linear and simple and address as many pitfalls entrepreneuring streamers and subtitle lovers may face when working with VLC. It's all about containers and codecs, but also the fact there are virtually no standards in the media world, and when you go from one format to another, sometimes you may encounter corner cases. - -If you do hit an error or three, the tips and tricks here should help you solve at least some of them, including unplayable streams, missing or duplicate subtitles, missing codecs and the wicked Kdenlive workaround, Youtube upload errors, hidden VLC command line options, and a few other extras. Quite a lot for a single piece of text, right. Luckily, all good stuff. Take care, children of the Internet. And if you have any other requests as to what next my future VLC articles should cover, do feel liberated enough to send an email. - -Cheers. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/vlc-subtitles-errors.html - -作者：[Dedoimedo ][a] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:http://www.dedoimedo.com/faq.html -[1]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpDdGOKZ3dg -[2]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHG6fXEba0A -[3]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXw5lRi97YY -[4]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDphUib5iG4 -[5]:http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/frankenstein-media.html -[6]:http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/vlc-subtitles.html -[7]:https://trac.videolan.org/vlc/ticket/6184 diff --git a/translated/tech/20170303 How to work around video and subtitle embed errors.md b/translated/tech/20170303 How to work around video and subtitle embed errors.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..194e90549b --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20170303 How to work around video and subtitle embed errors.md @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +# 如何解决视频和嵌入字幕错误 + +这会是一个有点奇怪的教程。背景故事如下。最近，我创作了一堆 [Risitas y las paelleras][4] 素材中[甜蜜][1][模仿][2][片段][3]，以主角 Risitas 疯狂的笑声而闻名。和往常一样，我把它们上传到了 Youtube，但是当我决定使用字幕到最终在网上可以观看，我经历了一个漫长而曲折的历程。 + +在本指南中，我想介绍几个你可能会在创作自己的媒体时会遇到的典型问题，主要是使用字幕，然后上传到媒体共享门户，特别是 Youtube 中，以及如何解决这些问题。跟我来。 + +### 背景故事 + +我选择的视频编辑软件是 Kdenlive，当我创建那愚蠢的 [Frankenstein][5] 片段时开始使用这个软件，从那以后一直是我的忠实伙伴。通常，我将文件交给具有 VP8 视频编解码器和 Vorbis 音频编解码器的 WebM 容器渲染，因为这是 Google 所喜欢的。事实上，我在过去七年里上传的大约 40 个不同的片段中都没有问题。 + +![Kdenlive, create project](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-errors-kdenlive-create-project.jpg) + +![Kdenlive, render](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-errors-kdenlive-render.png) + +但是，在完成了我的 Risitas＆Linux 项目之后，我遇到了一个困难。视频文件和字幕文件仍然是两个独立的实体，我需要以某种方式将它们放在一起。我的原文中关于字幕提到了 Avidemux 和 Handbrake，这两个都是有效的选项。 + +但是，我对任何一个的输出都并不满意，而且由于种种原因，有些东西有所偏移。 Avidemux 不能很好处理视频编码，而 Handbrake 在最终输出中省略了几行字幕，而且字体是丑陋的。这个可以解决，但这不是今天的话题。 + +因此，我决定使用 VideoLAN（VLC） 将字幕嵌入视频。有几种方法可以做到这一点。你可以使用 “Media > Convert/Save” 选项，但这不能达到我们需要的。相反，你应该使用 “Media > Stream”，它带有一个更完整的向导，它还提供了一个我们需要的可编辑的代码转换选项 - 请参阅我的[教程][6]关于字幕的部分。 + +### 错误！ + +嵌入字幕的过程并不是微不足道的。你有可能遇到几个问题。本指南应该能帮助你解决这些问题，所以你可以专注于你的工作，而不是浪费时间调试怪异的软件错误。无论如何，在使用 VLC 中的字幕时，你将会遇到一小部分可能会遇到的问题。尝试以及出错，还有书呆子的设计。 + +### 无可播放的流 + +你可能选择了奇怪的输出设置。你要仔细检查你是否选择了正确的视频和音频编解码器。另外，请记住，一些媒体播放器可能没有所有的编解码器。此外，确保在所有要播放的系统中都测试过了。 + +![No playable streams](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-errors-no-playable-streams.png) + +### 字幕叠加两次 + +如果在第一步的流媒体向导中选择了 “Use a subtitle file”，则可能会发生这种情况。只需选择所需的文件，然后单击“Stream”。取消选中该框。 + +![Select file](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-select.png) + +### 字幕没有输出 + +这可能是两个主要原因。一，你选择了错误的封装格式。在进行编辑之前，请确保在配置文件页面上正确标记了字幕。如果格式不支持字幕，它可能无法正常工作。 + +![Encapsulation](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-encap.png) + +二，你可能已经在最终输出中启用了字幕编解码器渲染功能。你不需要这个。你只需要将字幕叠加到视频片段上。在单击 “Stream” 按钮之前，请检查生成的流输出字符串并删除 “scodec=” 的选项。 + +![Remove text from output string](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-remove-text.png) + +### 缺少编解码器+解决方法 + +这是一个常见的 [bug][7]，取决于编码器的实现的实验性，如果你选择以下配置文件，你将很有可能会看到它：“Video - H.264 + AAC (MP4)”。该文件将被渲染，如果你选择了字幕，它们也将被覆盖，但没有任何音频。但是，我们可以用技巧来解决这个问题。 + +![AAC codec](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-errors-aac-codec.png) + +![MP4A error](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-errors-mp4a.png) + +一个可能的技巧是从命令行使用 --sout-ffmpeg-strict=-2 选项（可能有用）启动 VLC。另一个更安全的解决方法是采用无音频视频，但是会有字幕重叠，并将原始项目不带字幕的作为音频源用 Kdenlive 渲染。听上去很复杂，下面是详细步骤： + +* 将现有片段（包含音频）从视频移动到音频。删除其余的。 + +* 或者，使用渲染过的 WebM 文件作为你的音频源。 + +* 添加新的片段 - 带有字幕，并且没有音频。 + +* 将片段放置为新视频。 + +* 再次渲染为 WebM。 + +![Repeat render](http://www.dedoimedo.com/images/computers-years/2016-2/vlc-subs-errors-kdenlive-repeat-render.jpg) + +使用其他类型的音频编解码器将很有可能可用（例如 MP3），你将拥有一个包含视频，音频和字幕的完整项目。如果你很高兴没有遗漏，你可以现在上传到 Youtube 上。但是之后 ... + +### Youtube 视频管理器和未知格式 + +如果你尝试上传非 WebM 片段（例如 MP4），则可能会收到未指定的错误，你的片段不符合媒体格式要求。我不知道为什么 VLC 生成一个不符合 YouTube 规定的文件。但是，修复很容易。使用 Kdenlive 重新创建视频，其中有所有正确的元字段和 Youtube 喜欢的。回到我原来的故事，我有 40 多个片段使用 Kdenlive 以这种方式创建。 + +P.S. 如果你的片段有有效的音频，则只需通过 Kdenlive 重新运行它。如果没有，重做视频/音频。根据需要将片段静音。最终, 这就像叠加一样, 除了你使用的视频来自于一个片段而音频来自于另一个片段用于最终渲染。工作完成。 + +### 更多阅读 + + +我不想用链接重复自己或垃圾邮件。在“软件与安全”部分，我有 VLC 上的片段，因此你可能需要咨询。前面提到的关于 VLC 和字幕的文章已经链接到大约六个相关教程，涵盖了其他主题，如流媒体、日志记录、视频旋转、远程文件访问等等。我相信你可以像专业人员一样使用搜索引擎。 + +### 总结 + +我希望你觉得本指南有帮助。它涵盖了很多，我试图使其线性并简单，并解决流媒体爱好者和字幕爱好者在使用 VLC 时可能遇到的许多陷阱。这都与容器和编解码器相关，而且媒体世界几乎没有标准的事实，当你从一种格式转换到另一种格式时，有时你可能会遇到边际情况。 + +如果你遇到了一些错误，这里的提示和技巧应该可以至少帮助你解决一些，包括无法播放的流、丢失或重复的字幕、缺少编解码器和 Kdenlive 解决方法、YouTube 上传错误、隐藏的 VLC 命令行选项，还有一些其他东西。是的，这些对于一段文字来说是很多的。幸运的是，这些都是好东西。保重, 互联网的孩子们。如果你有任何其他要求，我将来的 VLC 文章应该会涵盖，请随意给我发邮件。 + +干杯。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/vlc-subtitles-errors.html + +作者：[Dedoimedo ][a] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:http://www.dedoimedo.com/faq.html +[1]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpDdGOKZ3dg +[2]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHG6fXEba0A +[3]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXw5lRi97YY +[4]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDphUib5iG4 +[5]:http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/frankenstein-media.html +[6]:http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/vlc-subtitles.html +[7]:https://trac.videolan.org/vlc/ticket/6184