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Why Use Docker with R? A DevOps Perspective
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============================================================
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[][11]
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There have been several blog posts going around about why one would use Docker with R.
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In this post I’ll try to add a DevOps point of view and explain how containerizing
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R is used in the context of the OpenCPU system for building and deploying R servers.
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> Has anyone in the [#rstats][2] world written really well about the *why* of their use of Docker, as opposed to the the *how*?
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>
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> — Jenny Bryan (@JennyBryan) [September 29, 2017][3]
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### 1: Easy Development
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The flagship of the OpenCPU system is the [OpenCPU server][12]:
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a mature and powerful Linux stack for embedding R in systems and applications.
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Because OpenCPU is completely open source we can build and ship on DockerHub. A ready-to-go linux server with both OpenCPU and RStudio
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can be started using the following (use port 8004 or 80):
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```
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docker run -t -p 8004:8004 opencpu/rstudio
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```
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Now simply open [http://localhost:8004/ocpu/][13] and
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[http://localhost:8004/rstudio/][14] in your browser!
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Login via rstudio with user: `opencpu` (passwd: `opencpu`) to build or install apps.
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See the [readme][15] for more info.
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Docker makes it easy to get started with OpenCPU. The container gives you the full
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flexibility of a Linux box, without the need to install anything on your system.
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You can install packages or apps via rstudio server, or use `docker exec` to a
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root shell on the running server:
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```
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# Lookup the container ID
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docker ps
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# Drop a shell
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docker exec -i -t eec1cdae3228 /bin/bash
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```
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From the shell you can install additional software in the server, customize the apache2 httpd
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config (auth, proxies, etc), tweak R options, optimize performance by preloading data or
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packages, etc.
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### 2: Shipping and Deployment via DockerHub
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The most powerful use if Docker is shipping and deploying applications via DockerHub. To create a fully standalone
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application container, simply use a standard [opencpu image][16]
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and add your app.
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For the purpose of this blog post I have wrapped up some of the [example apps][17] as docker containers by adding a very simple `Dockerfile` to each repository. For example the [nabel][18] app has a [Dockerfile][19] that contains the following:
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```
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FROM opencpu/base
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RUN R -e 'devtools::install_github("rwebapps/nabel")'
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```
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It takes the standard [opencpu/base][20]
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image and then installs the nabel app from the Github [repository][21].
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The result is a completeley isolated, standalone application. The application can be
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started by anyone using e.g:
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```
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docker run -d 8004:8004 rwebapps/nabel
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```
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The `-d` daemonizes on port 8004.
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Obviously you can tweak the `Dockerfile` to install whatever extra software or settings you need
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for your application.
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Containerized deployment shows the true power of docker: it allows for shipping fully
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self contained appliations that work out of the box, without installing any software or
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relying on paid hosting services. If you do prefer professional hosting, there are
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many companies that will gladly host docker applications for you on scalable infrastructure.
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### 3 Cross Platform Building
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There is a third way Docker is used for OpenCPU. At each release we build
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the `opencpu-server` installation package for half a dozen operating systems, which
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get published on [https://archive.opencpu.org][22].
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This process has been fully automated using DockerHub. The following images automatically
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build the enitre stack from source:
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* [opencpu/ubuntu-16.04][4]
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* [opencpu/debian-9][5]
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* [opencpu/fedora-25][6]
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* [opencpu/fedora-26][7]
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* [opencpu/centos-6][8]
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* [opencpu/centos-7][9]
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DockerHub automatically rebuilds this images when a new release is published on Github.
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All that is left to do is run a [script][23]
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which pull down the images and copies the `opencpu-server`binaries to the [archive server][24].
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.r-bloggers.com/why-use-docker-with-r-a-devops-perspective/
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作者：[Jeroen Ooms][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.r-bloggers.com/author/jeroen-ooms/
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[1]:https://www.opencpu.org/posts/opencpu-with-docker/
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[2]:https://twitter.com/hashtag/rstats?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
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[3]:https://twitter.com/JennyBryan/status/913785731998289920?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
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[4]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/ubuntu-16.04/
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[5]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/debian-9/
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[6]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/fedora-25/
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[7]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/fedora-26/
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[8]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/centos-6/
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[9]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/centos-7/
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[10]:https://www.r-bloggers.com/
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[11]:https://www.opencpu.org/posts/opencpu-with-docker
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[12]:https://www.opencpu.org/download.html
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[13]:http://localhost:8004/ocpu/
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[14]:http://localhost:8004/rstudio/
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[15]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/rstudio/
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[16]:https://hub.docker.com/u/opencpu/
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[17]:https://www.opencpu.org/apps.html
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[18]:https://rwebapps.ocpu.io/nabel/www/
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[19]:https://github.com/rwebapps/nabel/blob/master/Dockerfile
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[20]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/base/
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[21]:https://github.com/rwebapps
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[22]:https://archive.opencpu.org/
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[23]:https://github.com/opencpu/archive/blob/gh-pages/update.sh
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[24]:https://archive.opencpu.org/
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[25]:https://www.r-bloggers.com/author/jeroen-ooms/
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@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
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为什么要在 Docker 中使用 R？ 一位 DevOps 的视角
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============================================================
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[][11]
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有几篇关于为什么要在 Docker 中使用 R 的文章。在这篇文章中，我将尝试加入一个 DevOps 的观点，并解释在 OpenCPU 系统的上下文中如何使用容器化 R 来构建和部署 R 服务器。
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> 有在 [#rstats][2] 世界的人真正地写*为什么*他们使用 Docker，而不是*如何*么？
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>
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> — Jenny Bryan (@JennyBryan) [September 29, 2017][3]
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### 1：轻松开发
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OpenCPU 系统的旗舰是[ OpenCPU 服务器][12]：它是一个成熟且强大的 Linux 栈，用于在系统和应用程序中嵌入 R。因为 OpenCPU 是完全开源的，我们可以在 DockerHub 上构建和发布。可以使用以下命令启动（使用端口8004或80）一个可以立即使用的 OpenCPU 和 RStudio 的 Linux 服务器：
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```
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docker run -t -p 8004:8004 opencpu/rstudio
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```
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现在只需在你的浏览器打开 [http://localhost:8004/ocpu/][13] 和 [http://localhost:8004/rstudio/][14]！在 rstudio 中用用户 `opencpu`（密码：`opencpu`）登录来构建或安装应用程序。有关详细信息，请参阅[自述文件][15]。
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Docker 让开始使用 OpenCPU 变得简单。容器给你一个充分灵活的 Linux，而无需在系统上安装任何东西。你可以通过 rstudio 服务器安装软件包或应用程序，也可以使用 `docker exec` 到正在运行的服务器中的 root shell 中：
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```
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# Lookup the container ID
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docker ps
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# Drop a shell
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docker exec -i -t eec1cdae3228 /bin/bash
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```
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你可以在服务器的 shell 中安装其他软件，自定义 apache2 httpd 配置（auth，代理等），调整 R 选项，通过预加载数据或包等来优化性能。
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### 2： 通过 DockerHub 发布和部署
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最强大的是，Docker 可以通过 Dockerhub 发布和部署。要创建一个完全独立的应用程序容器，只需使用标准[ opencpu 镜像][16]并添加你的程序。
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为了本文的目的，我通过在每个仓库中添加一个非常简单的 “Dockerfile” 将一些[示例程序][17]打包为 docker 容器。例如：[nabel][18] 的 [Dockerfile][19] 包含以下内容：
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```
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FROM opencpu/base
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RUN R -e 'devtools::install_github("rwebapps/nabel")'
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```
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它采用标准的 [opencpu/base][20] 镜像，并从 Github [仓库][21]安装 nabel。结果是一个完全隔离独立的程序。任何人可以使用下面这样的命令启动程序：
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```
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docker run -d 8004:8004 rwebapps/nabel
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```
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`-d` 代表守护进程监听 8004 端口。很显然，你可以调整 `Dockerfile` 来安装任何其他的软件或设置你需要的程序。
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容器化部署展示了 Docker 的真正能力：它可以发布可以开箱即用的独立软件，而无需安装任何软件或依赖付费托管服务。如果你更喜欢专业的托管，那会有许多公司乐意在可扩展的基础设施上为你托管 docker 程序。
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### 3： 跨平台构建
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Docker用于OpenCPU的第三种方式。每次发布，我们都构建 6 个操作系统的 `opencpu-server` 安装包，它们在 [https://archive.opencpu.org][22] 上公布。这个过程已经使用 DockerHub 完全自动化了。以下镜像从源代码自动构建所有栈：
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* [opencpu/ubuntu-16.04][4]
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* [opencpu/debian-9][5]
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* [opencpu/fedora-25][6]
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* [opencpu/fedora-26][7]
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* [opencpu/centos-6][8]
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* [opencpu/centos-7][9]
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当 Github 上发布新版本时，DockerHub 会自动重建此镜像。要做的就是运行一个[脚本][23]，它会取回镜像并将 `opencpu-server` 二进制复制到[归档服务器上][24]。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.r-bloggers.com/why-use-docker-with-r-a-devops-perspective/
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作者：[Jeroen Ooms][a]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.r-bloggers.com/author/jeroen-ooms/
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[1]:https://www.opencpu.org/posts/opencpu-with-docker/
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[2]:https://twitter.com/hashtag/rstats?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
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[3]:https://twitter.com/JennyBryan/status/913785731998289920?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
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[4]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/ubuntu-16.04/
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[5]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/debian-9/
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[6]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/fedora-25/
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[7]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/fedora-26/
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[8]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/centos-6/
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[9]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/centos-7/
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[10]:https://www.r-bloggers.com/
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[11]:https://www.opencpu.org/posts/opencpu-with-docker
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[12]:https://www.opencpu.org/download.html
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[13]:http://localhost:8004/ocpu/
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[14]:http://localhost:8004/rstudio/
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[15]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/rstudio/
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[16]:https://hub.docker.com/u/opencpu/
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[17]:https://www.opencpu.org/apps.html
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[18]:https://rwebapps.ocpu.io/nabel/www/
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[19]:https://github.com/rwebapps/nabel/blob/master/Dockerfile
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[20]:https://hub.docker.com/r/opencpu/base/
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[21]:https://github.com/rwebapps
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[22]:https://archive.opencpu.org/
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[23]:https://github.com/opencpu/archive/blob/gh-pages/update.sh
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[24]:https://archive.opencpu.org/
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[25]:https://www.r-bloggers.com/author/jeroen-ooms/
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