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translated 20141008 How to speed up slow apt-get install on Debian or Ubuntu.md
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How to speed up slow apt-get install on Debian or Ubuntu
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================================================================================
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If you feel that package installation by **apt-get** or **aptitude** is often too slow on your Debian or Ubuntu system, there are several ways to improve the situation. Have you considered switching default mirror sites being used? Have you checked the upstream bandwidth of your Internet connection to see if that is the bottleneck?
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Nothing else, you can try this third option: use [apt-fast][1] tool. apt-fast is actually a shell script wrapper written around apt-get and aptitude, which can accelerate package download speed. Internally, apt-fast uses [aria2][2] download utility which can download a file in "chunked" forms from multiple mirrors simultaneously (like in BitTorrent download).
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### Install apt-fast on Debian or Ubuntu ###
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Here are the steps to install apt-fast on Debian-based Linux.
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#### Debian ####
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$ sudo apt-get install aria2
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$ wget https://github.com/ilikenwf/apt-fast/archive/master.zip
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$ unzip master.zip
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$ cd apt-fast-master
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$ sudo cp apt-fast /usr/bin
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$ sudo cp apt-fast.conf /etc
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$ sudo cp ./man/apt-fast.8 /usr/share/man/man8
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$ sudo gzip /usr/share/man/man8/apt-fast.8
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$ sudo cp ./man/apt-fast.conf.5 /usr/share/man/man5
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$ sudo gzip /usr/share/man/man5/apt-fast.conf.5
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#### Ubuntu 14.04 and higher ####
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$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:saiarcot895/myppa
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get install apt-fast
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#### Ubuntu 11.04 to 13.10 ####
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$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:apt-fast/stable
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get install apt-fast
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During installation on Ubuntu, you will be asked to choose a default package manager (e.g., apt-get, aptitude), and other settings. You can always change the settings later by editing a configuration file /etc/apt-fast.conf.
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### Configure apt-fast ###
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After installation, you need to configure a list of mirrors used by **apt-fast** in /etc/apt-fast.conf.
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You can find a list of Debian/Ubuntu mirrors to choose from at the following URLs.
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- **Debian**: [http://www.debian.org/mirror/list][3]
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- **Ubuntu**: [https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archivemirrors][4]
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After choosing mirrors which are geographically close to your location, add those chosen mirrors to /etc/apt-fast.conf in the following format.
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$ sudo vi /etc/apt-fast.conf
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Debian:
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MIRRORS=('http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/,http://carroll.aset.psu.edu/pub/linux/distributions/debian/,http://debian.gtisc.gatech.edu/debian/,http://debian.lcs.mit.edu/debian/,http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/debian/')
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Ubuntu/Mint:
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MIRRORS=('http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu,http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/linux/ubuntu/archive/,http://mirror.cc.vt.edu/pub2/ubuntu/,http://mirror.umd.edu/ubuntu/,http://mirrors.mit.edu/ubuntu/')
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As shown above, individual mirrors for a particular archive should be separated by commas. It is recommended that you include the default mirror site specified in /etc/apt/sources.list in the MIRRORS string.
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### Install a Package with apt-fast ###
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Now you are ready to test the power of apt-fast. Here is the command-line usage of **apt-fast**:
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apt-fast [apt-get options and arguments]
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apt-fast [aptitude options and arguments]
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apt-fast { { install | upgrade | dist-upgrade | build-dep | download | source } [ -y | --yes | --assume-yes | --assume-no ] ... | clean }
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To install a package with **apt-fast**:
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$ sudo apt-fast install texlive-full
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To download a package in the current directory without installing it:
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$ sudo apt-fast download texlive-full
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As mentioned earlier, parallel downloading of apt-fast is done by aria2. You can verify parallel downloads from multiple mirrors as follows.
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$ sudo netstat -nap | grep aria2c
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Note that **apt-fast** does not make "apt-get update" faster. Parallel downloading gets triggered only for "install", "upgrade", "dist-upgrade" and "build-dep" operations. For other operations, apt-fast simply falls back to the default package manager **apt-get** or **aptitude**.
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### How Fast is apt-fast? ###
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To compare apt-fast and apt-get, I tried installing several packages using two methods on two identical Ubuntu instances. The following graph shows total package installation time (in seconds).
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As you can see, **apt-fast** is substantially faster (e.g., 3--4 times faster) than **apt-get**, especially when a bulky package is installed.
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Be aware that performance improvement will of course vary, depending on your upstream Internet connectivity. In my case, I had ample spare bandwidth to leverage in my upstream connection, and that's why I see dramatic improvement by using parallel download.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/speed-slow-apt-get-install-debian-ubuntu.html
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作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/nanni
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[1]:https://github.com/ilikenwf/apt-fast
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[2]:http://aria2.sourceforge.net/
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[3]:http://www.debian.org/mirror/list
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[4]:https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archivemirrors
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@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
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如何加速Debian或Ubuntu上缓慢的apt-get安装
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===
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如果你在Debian或Ubuntu系统上经常感觉到**apt-get** 或 **aptitude**包安装速度过慢，那么这里就有几种改善这一情况的方法。你有没有考虑过改变正被使用的默认镜像站点？你有没有排除因特网连接的上游带宽成为瓶颈的可能？
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没有别的，你可以尝试第三个选择：使用[apt-fast][1]工具。apt-fast实际上是一个围绕apt-get和aptitude所写的shell脚本容器，它能过加速包的下载速度。apt-fast本质上采用[aria2][2]下载工具，这款工具能够以“块”的方式从多个镜像并行下载一个文件(就像BitTorrent下载)。
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### 在Debian或Ubuntu上安装apt-fast
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下面是在基于Debian的Linux上安装apt-fast的步骤
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### Debian ###
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$ sudo apt-get install aria2
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$ wget https://github.com/ilikenwf/apt-fast/archive/master.zip
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$ unzip master.zip
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$ cd apt-fast-master
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$ sudo cp apt-fast /usr/bin
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$ sudo cp apt-fast.conf /etc
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$ sudo cp ./man/apt-fast.8 /usr/share/man/man8
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$ sudo gzip /usr/share/man/man8/apt-fast.8
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$ sudo cp ./man/apt-fast.conf.5 /usr/share/man/man5
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$ sudo gzip /usr/share/man/man5/apt-fast.conf.5
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### Ubuntu 14.04 以及更高版本 ###
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$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:saiarcot895/myppa
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get install apt-fast
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### Ubuntu 11.04 到 Ubuntu 13.10 ###
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$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:apt-fast/stable
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get install apt-fast
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在安装期间，你需要选择一个默认的软件包管理器 (e.g., apt-get. aptitude )，还需要设置其余选项。但是你可以随时通过编辑配置文件 /etc/apt-fast/conf 来更改设置。
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### 配置 apt-get ###
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安装完成后，你需要在/etc/apt-fast.conf里配置**apt-fast**使用的一系列镜像。
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你可以在下面的URL中找到一系列Debian/Ubuntu镜像。
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- **Debian**: [http://www.debian.org/mirror/list][3]
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- **Ubuntu**: [https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archivemirrors][4]
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选择完那些地理上靠近你的镜像后，你需按照下面的格式将选择的镜像加入到/etc/apt-fast.conf。
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$ sudo vi /etc/apt-fast.conf
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Debian：
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MIRRORS=('http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/,http://carroll.aset.psu.edu/pub/linux/distributions/debian/,http://debian.gtisc.gatech.edu/debian/,http://debian.lcs.mit.edu/debian/,http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/debian/')
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Ubuntu/Mint：
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MIRRORS=('http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu,http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/linux/ubuntu/archive/,http://mirror.cc.vt.edu/pub2/ubuntu/,http://mirror.umd.edu/ubuntu/,http://mirrors.mit.edu/ubuntu/')
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如上面所示，对于一个特定档案的个别镜像，需要用逗号分割开来。你需要在/etc/apt/sources.list的MIRRORS字符串中包含默认的镜像指定站点。
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### 使用apt-fast安装一个包 ###
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现在你就可以测试apt-fast的强大了。下面是使用**apt-fast**的示例：
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apt-fast [apt-get options and arguments]
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apt-fast [aptitude options and arguments]
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apt-fast { { install | upgrade | dist-upgrade | build-dep | download | source } [ -y | --yes | --assume-yes | --assume-no ] ... | clean }
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使用**apt-fast**安装包：
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$ sudo apt-fast install texlive-full
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在当前目录下载软件包，但不安装：
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$ sudo apt-fast download texlive-full
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如前面所示，apt-fast的并行下载是通过aria2完成的。你可以从下面多个镜像验证并行下载。
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$ sudo netstat -nap | grep aria2c
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请注意，**apt-fast**并没有加速"apt-get update"。并行下载只在"install", "upgrade", "dist-upgrage"和"build-dep"操作中触发。其余的操作，apt-fast就会简单地回到默认的包管理器apt-get或aptitude。
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### apt-fast有多快？ ###
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为了比较apt-fast和apt-get，我尝试在两个相同的Ubuntu实例上使用两种方法安装几个软件包。下面的图表展示了所有软件包安装的时间(单位为秒)。
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正如你所见到的，**apt-fast**实质上比**apt-get**快(e.g. 快3--4秒)，特别是安装庞大软件包的时候。
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当然，安装性能的提高程度还依赖你上游因特网连通性。以我为例，我有富足的带宽来支持我的上游连接。这也是为什么我看到并行下载带来了成功的提高。
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---
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via: http://xmodulo.com/speed-slow-apt-get-install-debian-ubuntu.html
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作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
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译者：[su-kaiyao](https://github.com/su-kaiyao)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/nanni
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[1]:https://github.com/ilikenwf/apt-fast
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[2]:http://aria2.sourceforge.net/
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[3]:http://www.debian.org/mirror/list
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[4]:https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archivemirrors
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