mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2025-01-10 22:21:11 +08:00
[Translated]20150511 OpenSSL command line Root and Intermediate CA including OCSP, CRL and revocation.md
This commit is contained in:
GOLinux
parent
a49587f368
commit
7c9db11803
@ -1,35 +1,35 @@
|
||||
Translating by GOLinux!
|
||||
OpenSSL command line Root and Intermediate CA including OCSP, CRL and revocation
|
||||
OpenSSL命令行生成根CA和中间CA，涵盖了OCSP、CRL和证书撤销
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
These are quick and dirty notes on generating a certificate authority (CA), intermediate certificate authorities and end certificates using OpenSSL. It includes OCSP, CRL and CA Issuer information and specific issue and expiry dates.
|
||||
|
||||
We'll set up our own root CA. We'll use the root CA to generate an example intermediate CA. We'll use the intermediate CA to sign end user certificates.
|
||||
这些是关于使用OpenSSL生成证书授权（CA）、中间证书授权和末端证书的速记随笔，内容包括OCSP、CRL和CA颁发者信息，以及指定颁发和有效期限。
|
||||
|
||||
### Root CA ###
|
||||
我们将建立我们自己的根CA，我们将使用根CA来生成一个样例中间CA，我们将使用中间CA来签署末端用户证书。
|
||||
|
||||
Create and move in to a folder for the root ca:
|
||||
### 根CA ###
|
||||
|
||||
创建根CA授权目录并切换到该目录：
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir ~/SSLCA/root/
|
||||
cd ~/SSLCA/root/
|
||||
|
||||
Generate a 8192-bit long SHA-256 RSA key for our root CA:
|
||||
为我们的根CA生成一个8192位长的SHA-256 RSA密钥：
|
||||
|
||||
openssl genrsa -aes256 -out rootca.key 8192
|
||||
|
||||
Example output:
|
||||
样例输出：
|
||||
|
||||
Generating RSA private key, 8192 bit long modulus
|
||||
.........++
|
||||
....................................................................................................................++
|
||||
e is 65537 (0x10001)
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to password-protect this key, add the option `-aes256`.
|
||||
如果你想要用密码保护该密钥，请添加`-aes256`选项。
|
||||
|
||||
Create the self-signed root CA certificate `ca.crt`; you'll need to provide an identity for your root CA:
|
||||
创建自颁发根CA证书`ca.crt`；你需要为你的根CA提供一个身份：
|
||||
|
||||
openssl req -sha256 -new -x509 -days 1826 -key rootca.key -out rootca.crt
|
||||
|
||||
Example output:
|
||||
样例输出：
|
||||
|
||||
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
|
||||
into your certificate request.
|
||||
@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ Example output:
|
||||
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:Sparkling Root CA
|
||||
Email Address []:
|
||||
|
||||
Create a few files where the CA will store it's serials:
|
||||
创建存储CA序列的文件：
|
||||
|
||||
touch certindex
|
||||
echo 1000 > certserial
|
||||
echo 1000 > crlnumber
|
||||
|
||||
Place the CA config file. This file has stubs for CRL and OCSP endpoints.
|
||||
放置CA配置文件，该文件持有CRL和OCSP末端的存根。
|
||||
|
||||
# vim ca.conf
|
||||
[ ca ]
|
||||
@ -121,23 +121,22 @@ Place the CA config file. This file has stubs for CRL and OCSP endpoints.
|
||||
OCSP;URI.0 = http://pki.sparklingca.com/ocsp/
|
||||
OCSP;URI.1 = http://pki.backup.com/ocsp/
|
||||
|
||||
If you need to set a specific certificate start / expiry date, add the following to `[myca]`
|
||||
如果你需要设置某个特定的证书生效/过期日期，请添加以下内容到`[myca]`
|
||||
|
||||
# format: YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
|
||||
default_enddate = 20191222035911
|
||||
default_startdate = 20181222035911
|
||||
|
||||
### Creating Intermediate 1 CA ###
|
||||
|
||||
Generate the intermediate CA's private key:
|
||||
### 创建中间1 CA ###
|
||||
|
||||
生成中间CA的私钥：
|
||||
openssl genrsa -out intermediate1.key 4096
|
||||
|
||||
Generate the intermediate1 CA's CSR:
|
||||
生成intermediate1 CA的CSR：
|
||||
|
||||
openssl req -new -sha256 -key intermediate1.key -out intermediate1.csr
|
||||
|
||||
Example output:
|
||||
样例输出：
|
||||
|
||||
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
|
||||
into your certificate request.
|
||||
@ -159,13 +158,13 @@ Example output:
|
||||
A challenge password []:
|
||||
An optional company name []:
|
||||
|
||||
Make sure the subject (CN) of the intermediate is different from the root.
|
||||
确保中间CA的主体（CN）和根CA不同。
|
||||
|
||||
Sign the intermediate1 CSR with the Root CA:
|
||||
用根CA签署intermediate1 CSR：
|
||||
|
||||
openssl ca -batch -config ca.conf -notext -in intermediate1.csr -out intermediate1.crt
|
||||
|
||||
Example Output:
|
||||
样例输出：
|
||||
|
||||
Using configuration from ca.conf
|
||||
Check that the request matches the signature
|
||||
@ -182,37 +181,37 @@ Example Output:
|
||||
Write out database with 1 new entries
|
||||
Data Base Updated
|
||||
|
||||
Generate the CRL (both in PEM and DER):
|
||||
生成CRL（同时采用PEM和DER格式）：
|
||||
|
||||
openssl ca -config ca.conf -gencrl -keyfile rootca.key -cert rootca.crt -out rootca.crl.pem
|
||||
|
||||
openssl crl -inform PEM -in rootca.crl.pem -outform DER -out rootca.crl
|
||||
|
||||
Generate the CRL after every certificate you sign with the CA.
|
||||
每次使用该CA签署证书后，请生成CRL。
|
||||
|
||||
If you ever need to revoke the this intermediate cert:
|
||||
如果你需要撤销该中间证书：
|
||||
|
||||
openssl ca -config ca.conf -revoke intermediate1.crt -keyfile rootca.key -cert rootca.crt
|
||||
|
||||
### Configuring the Intermediate CA 1 ###
|
||||
### 配置中间CA 1 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Create a new folder for this intermediate and move in to it:
|
||||
为该中间CA创建一个新文件夹，然后进入该文件夹：
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir ~/SSLCA/intermediate1/
|
||||
cd ~/SSLCA/intermediate1/
|
||||
|
||||
Copy the Intermediate cert and key from the Root CA:
|
||||
从根CA拷贝中间证书和密钥：
|
||||
|
||||
cp ~/SSLCA/root/intermediate1.key ./
|
||||
cp ~/SSLCA/root/intermediate1.crt ./
|
||||
|
||||
Create the index files:
|
||||
创建索引文件：
|
||||
|
||||
touch certindex
|
||||
echo 1000 > certserial
|
||||
echo 1000 > crlnumber
|
||||
|
||||
Create a new `ca.conf` file:
|
||||
创建一个新的`ca.conf`文件：
|
||||
|
||||
# vim ca.conf
|
||||
[ ca ]
|
||||
@ -270,35 +269,35 @@ Create a new `ca.conf` file:
|
||||
OCSP;URI.0 = http://pki.sparklingca.com/ocsp/
|
||||
OCSP;URI.1 = http://pki.backup.com/ocsp/
|
||||
|
||||
Change the `[alt_names]` section to whatever you need as Subject Alternative names. Remove it including the `subjectAltName = @alt_names` line if you don't want a Subject Alternative Name.
|
||||
修改`[alt_names]`部分，添加你需要的主体备选名。如果你不需要主体备选名，请移除该部分包括`subjectAltName = @alt_names`的行。
|
||||
|
||||
If you need to set a specific certificate start / expiry date, add the following to `[myca]`
|
||||
如果你需要设置一个指定的生效/到期日期，请添加以下内容到`[myca]`
|
||||
|
||||
# format: YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
|
||||
default_enddate = 20191222035911
|
||||
default_startdate = 20181222035911
|
||||
|
||||
Generate an empty CRL (both in PEM and DER):
|
||||
生成一个空白CRL（同时以PEM和DER格式）：
|
||||
|
||||
openssl ca -config ca.conf -gencrl -keyfile rootca.key -cert rootca.crt -out rootca.crl.pem
|
||||
|
||||
openssl crl -inform PEM -in rootca.crl.pem -outform DER -out rootca.crl
|
||||
|
||||
### Creating end user certificates ###
|
||||
### 生成末端用户证书 ###
|
||||
|
||||
We use this new intermediate CA to generate an end user certificate. Repeat these steps for every end user certificate you want to sign with this CA.
|
||||
我们使用这个新的中间CA来生成一个末端用户证书，请重复以下操作来使用该CA为每个用户签署。
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir enduser-certs
|
||||
|
||||
Generate the end user's private key:
|
||||
生成末端用户的私钥：
|
||||
|
||||
openssl genrsa -out enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.key 4096
|
||||
|
||||
Generate the end user's CSR:
|
||||
生成末端用户的CSR：
|
||||
|
||||
openssl req -new -sha256 -key enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.key -out enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.csr
|
||||
|
||||
Example output:
|
||||
样例输出：
|
||||
|
||||
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
|
||||
into your certificate request.
|
||||
@ -320,11 +319,11 @@ Example output:
|
||||
A challenge password []:
|
||||
An optional company name []:
|
||||
|
||||
Sign the end user's CSR with the Intermediate 1 CA:
|
||||
使用Intermediate 1 CA签署末端用户的CSR：
|
||||
|
||||
openssl ca -batch -config ca.conf -notext -in enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.csr -out enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.crt
|
||||
|
||||
Example output:
|
||||
样例输出：
|
||||
|
||||
Using configuration from ca.conf
|
||||
Check that the request matches the signature
|
||||
@ -341,56 +340,56 @@ Example output:
|
||||
Write out database with 1 new entries
|
||||
Data Base Updated
|
||||
|
||||
Generate the CRL (both in PEM and DER):
|
||||
生成CRL（同时以PEM和DER格式）：
|
||||
|
||||
openssl ca -config ca.conf -gencrl -keyfile intermediate1.key -cert intermediate1.crt -out intermediate1.crl.pem
|
||||
|
||||
openssl crl -inform PEM -in intermediate1.crl.pem -outform DER -out intermediate1.crl
|
||||
|
||||
Generate the CRL after every certificate you sign with the CA.
|
||||
每次你使用该CA签署证书后，都需要生成CRL。
|
||||
|
||||
If you ever need to revoke the this end users cert:
|
||||
如果你需要撤销该末端用户证书：
|
||||
|
||||
openssl ca -config ca.conf -revoke enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.crt -keyfile intermediate1.key -cert intermediate1.crt
|
||||
|
||||
Example output:
|
||||
样例输出：
|
||||
|
||||
Using configuration from ca.conf
|
||||
Revoking Certificate 1000.
|
||||
Data Base Updated
|
||||
|
||||
Create the certificate chain file by concatenating the Root and intermediate 1 certificates together.
|
||||
通过联结根证书和intermediate 1证书来创建证书链文件。
|
||||
|
||||
cat ../root/rootca.crt intermediate1.crt > enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.chain
|
||||
|
||||
Send the following files to the end user:
|
||||
发送以下文件给末端用户：
|
||||
|
||||
enduser-example.com.crt
|
||||
enduser-example.com.key
|
||||
enduser-example.com.chain
|
||||
|
||||
You can also let the end user supply their own CSR and just send them the .crt file. Do not delete that from the server, otherwise you cannot revoke it.
|
||||
你也可以只发送给他们.crt文件，让末端用户提供他们自己的CSR。不要把它从服务器删除，否则你就不能撤销了。
|
||||
|
||||
### Validating the certificate ###
|
||||
### 合法化证书 ###
|
||||
|
||||
You can validate the end user certificate against the chain using the following command:
|
||||
你可以使用以下命令来针对链验证末端用户证书：
|
||||
|
||||
openssl verify -CAfile enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.chain enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.crt
|
||||
enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.crt: OK
|
||||
|
||||
You can also validate it against the CRL. Concatenate the PEM CRL and the chain together first:
|
||||
你也可以针对CRL来验证。首先，将PEM、CRL和链连结：
|
||||
|
||||
cat ../root/rootca.crt intermediate1.crt intermediate1.crl.pem > enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.crl.chain
|
||||
|
||||
Verify the certificate:
|
||||
验证证书：
|
||||
|
||||
openssl verify -crl_check -CAfile enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.crl.chain enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.crt
|
||||
|
||||
Output when not revoked:
|
||||
没有撤销时的输出：
|
||||
|
||||
enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.crt: OK
|
||||
|
||||
Output when revoked:
|
||||
撤销后的输出：
|
||||
|
||||
enduser-certs/enduser-example.com.crt: CN = example.com, ST = Noord Holland, C = NL, O = Example Inc, OU = IT Dept
|
||||
error 23 at 0 depth lookup:certificate revoked
|
||||
@ -400,7 +399,7 @@ Output when revoked:
|
||||
via: https://raymii.org/s/tutorials/OpenSSL_command_line_Root_and_Intermediate_CA_including_OCSP_CRL%20and_revocation.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：Remy van Elst
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user