mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2025-02-03 23:40:14 +08:00
20210219 translated
This commit is contained in:
max27149
parent
16590f4e27
commit
7c8324ccc0
@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (max27149)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Unlock your Chromebook's hidden potential with Linux)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/2/chromebook-linux)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
|
||||
|
||||
Unlock your Chromebook's hidden potential with Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
Chromebooks are amazing tools, but by unlocking the Linux inside them,
|
||||
you can make them even more impressive.
|
||||
![Working from home at a laptop][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Google Chromebooks run on Linux, but normally the Linux they run isn't particularly accessible to the user. Linux is used as a backend technology for an environment based on the open source [Chromium OS][2], which Google then transforms into Chrome OS. The interface most users experience is a desktop that can run Chrome browser apps and the Chrome browser itself. And yet underneath all that, there's Linux to be found. If you know how, you can enable Linux on your Chromebook and turn a computer that was probably relatively cheap and basic into a serious laptop with access to hundreds of applications and all the power you need to make it an all-purpose computer.
|
||||
|
||||
### What are Chromebooks?
|
||||
|
||||
Chromebooks are laptops created especially for Chrome OS, which itself is designed for specific laptop models. Chrome OS isn't a general-purpose operating system like Linux or Windows, but instead has more in common with Android or iOS. Should you decide to purchase a Chromebook, you'll find models available from many different manufacturers, including HP, Asus, and Lenovo (among others). Some are built for school children, while others are intended for a home or business user. The main difference usually focusing on battery power or processing power, respectively.
|
||||
|
||||
Regardless of what you decide upon, a Chromebook runs Chrome OS and provides you with the basic functions you'd expect from a modern computer. There's a network manager to connect to the Internet, Bluetooth, volume control, a file manager, a desktop, and so on.
|
||||
|
||||
![Chrome OS desktop][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Chrome OS desktop
|
||||
|
||||
To get more out of this unassuming OS, though, all you have to do is activate Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
### Enable developer mode on a Chromebook
|
||||
|
||||
If I've made enabling Linux sound deceptively simple, that's because it is both deceptive and simple. It's deceptive because you _do_ have to backup your data before enabling Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
The process is simple, but it does reset your computer back to its factory defaults. You'll have to sign back into your laptop and, if you have data stored on your account's Google Drive, then you'll have to let it resynchronize back onto your computer. Enabling Linux also requires that you reserve space just for Linux, so whatever amount of storage your Chromebook has will be cut in half or a quarter (your choice).
|
||||
|
||||
Interfacing with Linux on your Chromebook is still considered a beta feature by Google, so you have to opt in to Developer Mode. The intent of Developer Mode is to allow software developers to test new features, to install a new build of the OS, and so on, but what it will do for you is unlock special features considered to be still in development.
|
||||
|
||||
To enable Developer Mode, first turn off your Chromebook. This assumes you've already backed up any important information you have on your device.
|
||||
|
||||
Next, press the **ESC** and refresh buttons on your keyboard and power on your Chromebook.
|
||||
|
||||
![ESC and refresh buttons][4]
|
||||
|
||||
ESC and refresh
|
||||
|
||||
When prompted to start recovery, press **Ctrl+D** on your keyboard.
|
||||
|
||||
Your Chromebook is reset to factory settings, but without the default restrictions.
|
||||
|
||||
### Booting into Developer Mode
|
||||
|
||||
Running in Developer Mode means that every time you boot your Chromebook, you'll be reminded that you're in Developer Mode. You can press **Ctrl+D** to skip the boot delay. Some Chromebooks beep after a few seconds to remind you about Developer Mode, making **Ctrl+D** almost mandatory. Theoretically, this is annoying, but in practice, I don't boot my Chromebook as often as I just wake it up, and when I do, **Ctrl+D** is a simple routine to incorporate into the process.
|
||||
|
||||
The first time you boot after enabling Developer Mode, you must set up your device as if it were brand new. This is the only time you have to do that (unless you deactivate Developer Mode at some point in the future).
|
||||
|
||||
### Enable Linux on a Chromebook
|
||||
|
||||
Now that you're running in Developer Mode, you can activate the **Linux Beta** feature in Chrome OS. To do that, open **Settings** and click on **Linux Beta** in the left column.
|
||||
|
||||
Activate **Linux Beta** and allot some hard drive space for your Linux system and applications. Linux is pretty lightweight at the worst of times, so you don't really need much space, but it obviously depends on how much you intend to do with Linux. 4 GB is enough for Linux plus a few hundred terminal commands and two dozen graphical applications. Because my Chromebook has a 64 GB memory chip, I gave 30 GB over to Linux because most of what I do on my Chromebook is in Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
Once your Linux Beta environment is ready, you can launch a terminal by pressing the **Search** button on your keyboard and typing `terminal`. If you're new to Linux, you may not know what to install now that you have access. This, of course, depends on what you want to do with Linux. If you're interested in Linux for programming, then you might start with Bash (that's already installed and running in the terminal) and Python. If you're interested in Linux for all of its amazing open source applications, you might try applications like GIMP, MyPaint, LibreOffice, or Inkscape.
|
||||
|
||||
The Linux Beta mode of Chrome OS lacks a graphical installer for software, but [applications can be installed from the terminal][5]. Install applications with the `sudo apt install` command.
|
||||
|
||||
* The `sudo` command grants you permission to run commands as an administrator (called `root` in Linux).
|
||||
* `apt` is an application installer.
|
||||
* `install` is what you want `apt` to do.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You must also give `apt` the name of a package you want installed along with that command. For instance, to install LibreOffice:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`sudo apt install libreoffice`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
When prompted to continue, type **y** (for "yes") and then press **Enter**.
|
||||
|
||||
Once an application has been installed, you can launch it the same way you launch any application on Chrome OS: Type it into your application launcher.
|
||||
|
||||
Learning the names and package names of Linux applications takes time, but you can also search using the `apt search` command. For instance, here is a good way to find out about useful photo applications:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`apt search photo`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
There are many applications out there, so browse through articles here on [opensource.com][6] and find something that interests you, and then try it out!
|
||||
|
||||
### Share files and devices with Linux
|
||||
|
||||
The Linux Beta environment runs in a [container][7], so Chrome OS needs permission to access your Linux files. To grant Chrome OS permission to interact with files you create on Linux, right-click on any folder you want to share and select **Manage Linux sharing**.
|
||||
|
||||
![Chrome OS Manage Linux sharing interface][8]
|
||||
|
||||
Chrome OS Managing Linux Sharing interface
|
||||
|
||||
You can manage these settings and many others through the **Settings** application of Chrome OS.
|
||||
|
||||
![Chrome OS Settings menu][9]
|
||||
|
||||
Chrome OS Settings menu
|
||||
|
||||
### Learning Linux
|
||||
|
||||
If you take the time to learn Linux, you'll not only be able to unlock the hidden potential in your Chromebook, but you'll also end up learning a lot about computers in general. Linux is a valuable tool, a really fun toy, and the gateway to something much more exciting than routine computing. Get to know it. It might surprise you to know what you and your Chromebook are capable of.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/21/2/chromebook-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/wfh_work_home_laptop_work.png?itok=VFwToeMy (Working from home at a laptop)
|
||||
[2]: https://www.chromium.org/chromium-os
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/chromeos.png
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/esc-refresh.png
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/how-install-apps-linux
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/tags/linux
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/resources/what-are-linux-containers
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/chromeos-manage-linux-sharing.png
|
||||
[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/chromeos-beta-linux.png
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (max27149)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Unlock your Chromebook's hidden potential with Linux)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/2/chromebook-linux)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
|
||||
|
||||
用 Linux 解锁您 Chromebook 的隐藏潜能
|
||||
======
|
||||
Chromebook 是令人惊喜的工具，但通过解锁它内部的 Linux 系统，您可以让它变得更加不同凡响。
|
||||
|
||||
![Working from home at a laptop][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Google Chromebook 运行在 Linux 系统之上，但通常它运行的 Linux 系统对普通用户而言，并不是十分容易就能访问得到。Linux 被用作基于开源的 [Chromium OS][2]运行时环境的后端技术，然后 Google 将其转换为 Chrome OS。大多数用户体验到的界面是一个电脑桌面，可以用来运行Chrome浏览器及其应用程序。然而，在这一切的背后，有一个 Linux 系统等待被您发现。如果您知道怎么做，您可以在 Chromebook 上启用 Linux，通过获取数百个应用和您需要的所有能量，把一台可能价格相对便宜、功能相对基础的电脑变成一个严谨的笔记本，使它成为一个通用的计算机。
|
||||
|
||||
### 什么是 Chromebook?
|
||||
|
||||
Chromebook 是专为 Chrome OS 创造的笔记本电脑，它本身专为特定的笔记本电脑型号而设计。Chrome OS 不是像 Linux 或 Windows 这样的通用操作系统，而是与 Android 或 iOS 有更多的共同点。如果您决定购买 Chromebook，您会发现许多不同制造商的可用的型号，包括惠普、华硕和联想等等。有些是为学生而设计，而另一些是为家庭或商业用户而设计的。主要的区别通常分别集中在电池功率或处理能力上。
|
||||
|
||||
无论您决定买哪一款，Chromebook 都会运行 Chrome 操作系统，并为您提供现代计算机所期望的基本功能。有网络管理器连接到互联网，蓝牙，音量控制，文件管理器，桌面等等。
|
||||
|
||||
![Chrome OS desktop][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Chrome OS 桌面截图
|
||||
|
||||
不过，想从这个简单易用的操作系统中获得更多，您只需要激活 Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
### 启用 Chromebook 的开发者模式
|
||||
|
||||
如果我让您觉得启用 Linux 看似简单又好像没那么简单，那是因为它确实简单但又有欺骗性。之所以说有欺骗性，是因为在启用Linux之前，您*必须*备份数据。
|
||||
|
||||
这个过程虽然简单，但它确实会将计算机重置回出厂默认状态。您必须重新登录到您的笔记本电脑中，如果您有数据存储在 Google 云盘帐户上，您不得不把它重新同步回计算机中。启用 Linux 还需要为 Linux 预留硬盘空间，因此无论您的 Chromebook 硬盘容量是多少，都将减少一半或四分之一（自主选择）。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Chromebook 上接入 Linux 仍被 Google 视为测试版功能，因此您必须选择使用开发者模式。开发者模式的目的是允许软件开发者测试新功能，安装新版本的操作系统等等，但它可以为您解锁仍在开发中的特殊功能。
|
||||
|
||||
要启用开发者模式，请首先关闭您的 Chromebook。假定您已经备份了设备上的所有重要信息。
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，按下键盘上的 **ESC** 和 **⟳** ，再按 **电源键** 启动 Chromebook。
|
||||
|
||||
![ESC and refresh buttons][4]
|
||||
|
||||
ESC 键和刷新键
|
||||
|
||||
当提示开始恢复时，按键盘上的 **Ctrl+D**。
|
||||
|
||||
恢复结束后，您的 Chromebook 已重置为出厂设置，且没有默认的使用限制。
|
||||
|
||||
### 开机启动进入开发者模式
|
||||
|
||||
在开发者模式下运行意味着每次启动 Chromebook 时，都会提醒您处于开发者模式。您可以按 **Ctrl+D** 跳过启动延迟。有些 Chromebook 会在几秒钟后发出蜂鸣声来提醒您进入开发者模式，使得 **Ctrl+D** 操作几乎是不得不做的。从理论上讲，这个操作很烦人，但在实践中，我不会像频繁地唤醒我的 Chromebook 那样频繁地开关机，所以当我不得不这么做的时候，**Ctrl+D** 只不过是整个启动过程中小小的一步。
|
||||
|
||||
启用开发者模式后的第一次启动时，您必须重新设置您的设备，就好像它是全新的一样。这是您唯一必须这样做的时间（除非您在未来某个时刻停用开发者模式）。
|
||||
|
||||
### 启用 Chromebook 上的 Linux
|
||||
|
||||
现在，您已经运行在开发者模式下，您可以激活 Chrome OS 中的 **Linux Beta** 功能。要做到这一点，请打开**设置**，然后单击左侧列表中的 **Linux Beta**。
|
||||
|
||||
激活 **Linux Beta**，并为您的 Linux 系统和应用程序分配一些硬盘空间。Linux 即使在最坏的时候也是相当轻量级的，所以您真的不需要分配太多硬盘空间，但它显然取决于您打算用 Linux 来做多少事。4 GB 的空间已足够用于 Linux 以及几百个终端命令还有二十多个图形应用程序。我的 Chromebook 有一个 64 GB 的存储卡，我给了 Linux 系统 30 GB，那是因为我在 Chromebook 上所做的大部分事情都是在 Linux 内完成的。
|
||||
|
||||
一旦您的 **Linux Beta** 环境准备就绪，您可以通过按键盘上的**搜索**按钮和输入 `terminal` 来启动终端。如果您对于 Linux 还是新手，您可能不知道当前进入的终端能用来安装什么。当然，这取决于您想用 Linux 来做什么。如果您对 Linux 编程感兴趣，那么您可能会从 Bash（它已经在终端中安装和运行了）和 Python 开始。如果您对 Linux 中的那些迷人的开源应用程序感兴趣，您可以试试 GIMP、MyPaint、LibreOffice 或 Inkscape 等等应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
Chrome OS 的 **Linux Beta** 模式不包含图形化的软件安装程序，但 [应用程序可以从终端安装][5]。可以使用 `sudo apt install` 命令安装应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
* `sudo` 命令可以允许您使用超级管理员权限来执行某些命令（即 Linux 中的 `root`）。
|
||||
* `apt` 命令是一个应用程序的安装工具。
|
||||
* `install` 是命令选项，即告诉 `apt` 命令要做什么。
|
||||
|
||||
您还必须把想要安装的软件包的名字和 `apt` 命令写在一起。以安装 LibreOffice 举例:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install libreoffice
|
||||
```
|
||||
当有提示是否继续时，输入 **y**（代表「确认」），然后按 **回车键**。
|
||||
|
||||
一旦应用程序安装完毕，您可以像在 Chrome OS 上启动任何应用程序一样启动它：只需要在应用程序启动器输入它的名字。
|
||||
|
||||
了解 Linux 应用程序的名字和它的包名需要花一些时间，但您也可以用 `apt search` 命令来搜索。例如，可以用以下的方法是找到关于照片的应用程序：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
apt search photo
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
因为 Linux 中有很多的应用程序，所以您可以浏览[opensource.com][6]，找到感兴趣的东西，然后尝试一下！
|
||||
|
||||
### 与 Linux 共享文件和设备
|
||||
|
||||
**Linux Beta** 环境运行在 [容器][7] 中，因此 Chrome OS 需要获得访问 Linux 文件的权限。要授予 Chrome OS 与您在 Linux 上创建的文件的交互权限，请右击要共享的文件夹并选择 **Linux 共享管理**。
|
||||
|
||||
![Chrome OS Manage Linux sharing interface][8]
|
||||
|
||||
Chrome OS 的 Linux 共享管理界面
|
||||
|
||||
您可以通过 Chrome OS 的 **设置** 程序来管理共享设置以及其他设置。
|
||||
|
||||
![Chrome OS Settings menu][9]
|
||||
|
||||
Chrome OS 设置菜单
|
||||
|
||||
### 学习 Linux
|
||||
|
||||
如果您肯花时间学习 Linux，您不仅能够解锁您 Chromebook 中隐藏的潜力，还能最终学到很多关于计算机的知识。Linux 是一个有价值的工具，一个非常有趣的玩具，一个通往比常规计算更令人兴奋的事物的大门。去了解它吧，您可能会惊讶于您自己和您 Chromebook 的无限潜能。
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
源自: https://opensource.com/article/21/2/chromebook-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[max27149](https://github.com/max27149)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/wfh_work_home_laptop_work.png?itok=VFwToeMy (Working from home at a laptop)
|
||||
[2]: https://www.chromium.org/chromium-os
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/chromeos.png
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/esc-refresh.png
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/how-install-apps-linux
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/tags/linux
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/resources/what-are-linux-containers
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/chromeos-manage-linux-sharing.png
|
||||
[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/chromeos-beta-linux.png
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user