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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( )
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[#]: translator: (qfzy1233)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Free and Open Source Trello Alternative OpenProject 9 Released)
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[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/openproject-9-release/)
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[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
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Free and Open Source Trello Alternative OpenProject 9 Released
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======
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[OpenProject][1] is a collaborative open source project management software. It’s an alternative to proprietary solutions like [Trello][2] and [Jira][3].
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You can use it for free if it’s for personal use and you set it up (and host it) on your own server. This way, you control your data.
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Of course, you get access to premium features and priority help if you are a [Cloud or Enterprise edition user][4].
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The OpenProject 9 release emphasizes on new board views, package list view, and work templates.
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If you didn’t know about this, you can give it a try. But, if you are an existing user – you should know what’s new before migrating to OpenProject 9.
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### What’s New in OpenProject 9?
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Here are some of the major changes in the latest release of OpenProject.
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#### Scrum & Agile Boards
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![][5]
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For Cloud and Enterprise editions, there’s a new [scrum][6] and [agile][7] board view. You also get to showcase your work in a [kanban-style][8] fashion, making it easier to support your agile and scrum teams.
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The new board view makes it easy to know who’s assigned for the task and update the status in a jiffy. You also get different board view options like basic board, status board, and version boards.
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#### Work Package templates
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![Work Package Template][9]
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You don’t have to create everything from scratch for every unique work package. So, instead, you just keep a template – so that you can use it whenever you need to create a new work package. It will save a lot of time.
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#### New Work Package list view
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![Work Package View][10]
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In the work package list, there’s a subtle new addition that lets you view the avatars of the assigned people for a specific work.
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#### Customizable work package view for my page
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Your own page to display what you are working on (and the progress) shouldn’t be always boring. So, now you get the ability to customize it and even add a Gantt chart to visualize your work.
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[][11]
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Suggested read Ubuntu 12.04 Has Reached End of Life
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**Wrapping Up**
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For detailed instructions on migrating and installation, you should follow the [official announcement post][12] covering all the essential details for the users.
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Also, we would love to know about your experience with OpenProject 9, let us know about it in the comments section below! If you use some other project management software, feel free to suggest it to us and rest of your fellow It’s FOSS readers.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/openproject-9-release/
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作者：[Ankush Das][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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||||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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||||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||||
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||||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.openproject.org/
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[2]: https://trello.com/
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[3]: https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira
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[4]: https://www.openproject.org/pricing/
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[5]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/open-project-9-scrum-agile.jpeg?fit=800%2C517&ssl=1
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[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrum_(software_development)
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[7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_development
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[8]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanban
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[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/work-package-template.jpg?ssl=1
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[10]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/work-package-view.jpg?fit=800%2C454&ssl=1
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[11]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-12-04-end-of-life/
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[12]: https://www.openproject.org/openproject-9-new-scrum-agile-board-view/
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@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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||||||
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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||||||
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Undo releases Live Recorder 5.0 for Linux debugging)
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||||||
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[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3405584/undo-releases-live-recorder-5-0-for-linux-debugging.html)
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[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/)
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Undo releases Live Recorder 5.0 for Linux debugging
|
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======
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![André Gustavo Stumpf \(CC BY 2.0\)][1]
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Linux debugging has taken a giant step forward with the release of Live Recorder 5.0 from Undo. Just released on Wednesday, this product makes debugging on multi-process systems significantly easier. Based on flight recorder technology, it delves more deeply into processes to provide insight into what’s going on within each process. This includes memory, threads, program flow, service calls and more. To make this possible, Live Recorder 5.0's record, replay and debugging capabilities have been enhanced with the ability to:
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* Record the exact order in which processes altered shared memory variables. It is even possible to zero in on specific variables and skip backward to the last line of code in any process that altered the variable.
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* Expose potential defects by randomizing thread execution to help reveal race conditions, crashes and other multi-threading defects.
|
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* Record and replay the execution of individual Kubernetes and Docker containers to help resolve defects faster in microservices environments
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The Undo Live Recorder enables engineering teams to record and replay the execution of any software program -- no matter how complex -- and to diagnose and fix the root cause of any issue in test or production.
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||||||
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Depending on your license, Live Recorder can be used on the command line with the **live-record** command that is somewhat similar to strace though, instead of printing system calls and signals, it creates an "Undo recording". Captured failings in recordings can then be debugged (far more effective than grappling with core dumps!). These recordings can also be can be shared with other members of the staff and can be replayed with the reversible debugger to further investigate the cause of the crash or other problem.
|
||||||
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||||||
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The Undo Engine is supported on the following Linux distributions:
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||||||
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||||||
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* Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6 and 8.0
|
||||||
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* Fedora 28, 29 and 30
|
||||||
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* SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 12.3, 12.4 and 15
|
||||||
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* Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, 18.04 LTS, 18.10 and 19.04
|
||||||
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||||||
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||||||
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||||||
|
Undo is a fast-growing, venture-backed technology start-up based in San Francisco and Cambridge, UK. They claim that the Live Recorder provides 100% certainty about the factors that led to any software failure -- even in the most complex software environments.
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][2] and [LinkedIn][3] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
|
||||||
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||||||
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||||
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via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3405584/undo-releases-live-recorder-5-0-for-linux-debugging.html
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||||||
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作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
|
||||||
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||||
|
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||||
|
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
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[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
|
||||||
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||||
|
[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/06/flight_data_recorder-100800552-large.jpg
|
||||||
|
[2]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||||
|
[3]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
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@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( )
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||||||
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||||
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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||||||
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[#]: url: ( )
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||||||
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[#]: subject: (SD-WAN Buyers Should Think Application Performance as well as Resiliency)
|
||||||
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[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3406456/sd-wan-buyers-should-think-application-performance-as-well-as-resiliency.html)
|
||||||
|
[#]: author: (Zeus Kerravala https://www.networkworld.com/author/Zeus-Kerravala/)
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
SD-WAN Buyers Should Think Application Performance as well as Resiliency
|
||||||
|
======
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![istock][1]
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
As an industry analyst, not since the days of WAN Optimization have I seen a technology gain as much interest as I am seeing with [SD-WANs][2] today. Although full deployments are still limited, nearly every network manager, and often many IT leaders I talk to, are interested in it. The reason for this is two-fold – the WAN has grown in importance for cloud-first enterprises and is badly in need of an overhaul. This hasn’t gone unnoticed by the vendor community as there has been an explosion of companies bringing a broad range of SD-WAN offerings to market. The great news for buyers is that there is no shortage of choices. The bad news is there are too many choices and making the right decision difficult.
|
||||||
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||||||
|
One area of differentiation for SD-WAN vendors is how they handle application performance. I think of the SD-WAN market as being split into two categories – basic and advanced SD-WANs. A good analogy is to think of the virtualization market. There are many vendors that offer hypervisors – in fact there are a number of free ones. So why do companies pay a premium for VMware? It’s because VMware offers many advanced features and capabilities that make its solution do more than just virtualize servers.
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||||||
|
Similarly, basic SD-WAN solutions do a great job of helping to lower costs and to increase application resiliency through path selection capabilities but do nothing to improve application performance. One myth that needs busting is that all SD-WANs make your applications perform better. That’s simply not true as application availability and performance are two different things. It’s possible to have great performance and poor availability or high availability with lackluster performance.
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||||||
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||||||
|
Consider the case where a business runs a hybrid WAN and voice and video traffic is sent over the MPLS connection and broadband is used for other traffic. If the MPLS link becomes congested, but doesn’t go down, most SD-WAN solutions will continue to send video and voice over it, which obviously degrades the performance. If multiple broadband connections are used, the chances of congestion related issues are even more likely.
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
This is an important point for IT professionals to understand. The business justification for SD-WAN was initially built around saving money but if application performance suffers, the entire return on investment (ROI) for the project might as well be tossed out the window. For many companies, the network is the business, so a poor performing network means equally poor performing applications which results lost productivity, lower revenues and possibly brand damage from customer experience issues.
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||||||
|
I’ve talked to many organizations that had digital initiatives fail because the network wasn’t transformed. For example, a luxury retailer implemented a tablet program for in store personnel to be able to show merchandise to customers. High end retail is almost wholly impulse purchases so the more inventory that can be shown to a customer, the larger the resulting sales. The WAN that was in place was causing the mobile application to perform poorly causing the digital initiative to have a negative effect. Instead of driving sales, the mobile initiative was chasing customers from the store. The idea was right but the poor performing WAN caused the project to fail.
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||||||
|
SD-WAN decision makers need to look to suppliers that have specific technologies integrated into it that can act when congestion occurs. A great example of this is the Silver Peak [Unity EdgeConnect™][3] SD-WAN edge platform with [path conditioning][4], [traffic shaping][5] and sub-second link failover. This ensures the best possible quality for all critical applications, even when an underlying link experiences congestion or an outage, even for [voice and video over broadband][6]. This is a foundational component of advanced SD-WAN providers as they offer the same resiliency and cost benefits as a basic SD-WAN but also ensure application performance remains high.
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|
||||||
|
The SD-WAN era is here, and organizations should be aggressive with deployments as it will transform the WAN and make it a digital transformation enabler. Decision makers should choose their provider carefully and ensure the vendor also improves application performance. Without it, the digital initiatives will likely fail and negate any ROI the company was hoping to realize.
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|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
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|
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3406456/sd-wan-buyers-should-think-application-performance-as-well-as-resiliency.html
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|
||||||
|
作者：[Zeus Kerravala][a]
|
||||||
|
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||||
|
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||||
|
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
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|
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Zeus-Kerravala/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
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|
[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/07/istock-157647179-100800860-large.jpg
|
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|
[2]: https://www.silver-peak.com/sd-wan/sd-wan-explained
|
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|
[3]: https://www.silver-peak.com/products/unity-edge-connect
|
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|
[4]: https://www.silver-peak.com/products/unity-edge-connect/path-conditioning
|
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|
[5]: https://www.silver-peak.com/products-solutions/unity/traffic-shaping
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[6]: https://www.silver-peak.com/sd-wan/voice-video-over-broadband
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||||
[#]: translator: ( )
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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||||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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||||||
[#]: translator: (chen-ni)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Ubuntu or Fedora: Which One Should You Use and Why)
|
|
||||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-vs-fedora/)
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|
||||||
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
Ubuntu or Fedora: Which One Should You Use and Why
|
|
||||||
======
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
_**Brief: Ubuntu or Fedora? What’s the difference? Which is better? Which one should you use? Read this comparison of Ubuntu and Fedora.**_
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
[Ubuntu][1] and [Fedora][2] are one of the most popular Linux distributions out there. Making a decision to choose between using Ubuntu and Fedora is not an easy one. I’ll try to help you in making your decision by comparing various features of Ubuntu and Fedora.
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
Do note that this comparison is primarily from the desktop point of view. I am not going to focus on the container specific versions of Fedora or Ubuntu.
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|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Ubuntu vs Fedora: Which one is better?
|
|
||||||
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|
||||||
![Ubuntu Vs Fedora][3]
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
Almost all Linux distributions differ from one another primarily on these points:
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||||||
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|
||||||
* Base distribution (Debian, Red Hat, Arch or from scratch)
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||||||
* Installation
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||||||
* Supported desktop environments
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||||||
* Package management, software support and updates
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||||||
* Hardware support
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|
||||||
* Development team (backed by corporate or created by hobbyists)
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||||||
* Release cycle
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|
||||||
* Community and support
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||||||
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||||||
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||||||
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||||||
Let’s see how similar or how different are Ubuntu and Fedora from each other. Once you know that, it should be perhaps easier for you to make a choice.
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
#### Installation
|
|
||||||
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|
||||||
Ubuntu’s Ubiquity installer is one of easiest installers out there. I believe that it played an important role in Ubuntu’s popularity because when Ubuntu was just created in 2004, installing Linux itself was considered a huge task.
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||||||
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|
||||||
The Ubuntu installer allows you to install Ubuntu in around 10 minutes. In most cases, it can identify Windows installed on your system and allows you to dual boot Ubuntu and Windows in a matter of clicks.
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||||||
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|
||||||
You can also install updates and third-party codecs while installing Ubuntu. That’s an added advantage.
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||||||
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||||||
![Ubuntu Installer][4]
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
Fedora uses Anaconda installer. This too simplifies the installation process with the easy to use interface.
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||||||
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|
||||||
![Fedora Installer | Image Credit Fedora Magazine][5]
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|
||||||
Fedora also provides a media writer tool for downloading and creating the live USB of Fedora on Windows operating system. When I last tried to use it around two years ago, it didn’t work and I had to use the regular live USB creating software.
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
In my experience, installing Ubuntu is easier than installing Fedora. That doesn’t mean installing Fedora is a complex process. Just that Ubuntu is simpler.
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
#### Desktop environments
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
Both Ubuntu and Fedora use GNOME desktop environment by default.
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
![GNOME Desktop in Fedora][6]
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||||||
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|
||||||
While Fedora uses the stock GNOME desktop, Ubuntu has customized it to look and behave like its previous Unity desktop.
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
![GNOME desktop customized by Ubuntu][7]
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
Apart from GNOME, both Ubuntu and Fedora offer several other desktop variants.
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
Ubuntu has Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu etc., offering various desktop flavors. While they are the official flavor of Ubuntu, they are not directly developed by Ubuntu team from Canonical. The teams are separate.
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
Fedora offers various desktop choices in the form of [Fedora Spins][8]. Unlike Kubuntu, Lubuntu etc,. they are not created and maintained by separate team. They are from core Fedora team.
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
#### Package management and software availability
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
Ubuntu uses APT package manager to provide and manage software (applications, libraries and other required codes) while Fedora uses DNF package manager.
|
|
||||||
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|
||||||
[][9]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Suggested read System76 Galago Pro: Specs, Price And Release Date
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Ubuntu has vast software repositories][10] allowing you to easily install thousands of programs, both FOSS and non-FOSS, easily. Fedora on the other hand focuses on providing only open source software. This is changing in the new versions but Fedora’s repositories are still not as big as that of Ubuntu.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Some third party software developer also provide click-to-install, .exe like packages for Linux. In Ubuntu, these packages are in .deb format and while Fedora supports .rpm packages.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Most software vendors provide both DEB and RPM files for Linux users but I have experienced that sometimes software vendor only provide DEB file. For example, SEO tool [Screaming Frog][11] has only DEB packages. It’s extremely rare that a software is available in RPM but not in DEB format.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Hardware support
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Linux in general has its fair share of trouble with some WiFi adapters and graphics cards. Both Ubuntu and Fedora are impacted from that. Take the example of Nvidia. It’s [open source Nouveau driver often results in troubles like system hanging at boot][12].
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Ubuntu provides an easy way of installing additional proprietary drivers. This results in better hardware support in many cases.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
![Installing proprietary driver is easier in Ubuntu][13]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Fedora, on the other hand, sticks to open source software and thus installing proprietary drivers on Fedora becomes a difficult task.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Support and userbase
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Both Ubuntu and Fedora provide support through community forums. Ubuntu has two main forums: [UbuntuForums][14] and [Ask Ubuntu][15]. Fedora has one main forum [Ask Fedora][16].
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In terms of userbase, Fedora has a large following. However, Ubuntu is more popular and has a larger following than Fedora.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The popularity of Ubuntu has prompted a number of websites and blogs focused primarily on Ubuntu. This way, you get more troubleshooting tips and learning material on Ubuntu than Fedora.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Release cycle
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A new Fedora version is released every six months and each Fedora release is supported for nine months only. Which means that between six to nine months, you must perform an upgrade. Upgrading Fedora version is simple but it does require a good internet connection. Not everyone can be happy with 1.5 GB of version upgrades every nine months.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Ubuntu has two versions: regular release and the long term support (LTS) release. Regular release is similar to Fedora. It’s released at the interval of six months and is supported for nine months.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The LTS release comes at an interval of two years and is supported for five years. Regular releases bring new features, new software versions while the LTS release holds on to the older versions. This makes it a great choice for people who don’t like frequent changes and prefer stability.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Solid base distributions
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Ubuntu is based on [Debian][17]. Debian is one of the biggest community project and one of the most respected project in the [free software][18] world.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Fedora is a community project from Red Hat. Red Hat is an enterprise focused Linux distribution. Fedora works as a ‘testing ground’ ([upstream][19] in technical term) for new features before those features are included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[][20]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Suggested read How To Manage StartUp Applications In Ubuntu
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Backed by enterprises
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Both Ubuntu and Fedora are backed by their parent corporations. Ubuntu is from [Canonical][21] while Fedora is from [Red Hat][22] (now [part of IBM][23]). Enterprise backing is important because it ensures that the Linux distribution is well-maintained.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Hobbyists distributions created by a group of individuals often crumble under workload. You might have seen reasonably popular distribution projects being shutdown for this sole reason. [Antergos][24], Korora are just some of the many such examples where distributions were discontinued because the developers couldn’t get enough free time to work on the project.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The fact that both Ubuntu and Fedora are supported by a two Linux-based enterprises makes them a viable choice over other independent distributions.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Ubuntu vs Fedora as server
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The comparison between Ubuntu and Fedora was primarily aimed at desktop users so far. But a discussion about Linux is not complete until you include servers.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
![Ubuntu Server][25]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Ubuntu is not only popular on desktop, it also has a good presence on the server side. If you are familiar with Ubuntu as desktop, you might not feel uncomfortable with Ubuntu server edition. I started with Ubuntu desktop and now my websites are hosted on Linux servers running Ubuntu.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Fedora too has server edition and some people use it as well. But most sysadmins won’t prefer a server that has to be upgraded and rebooted every nine months.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Knowing Fedora helps you in using Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). RHEL is a paid product and you’ll have to purchase a subscription. If you want an operating system for running server that is close to Fedora/Red Hat, I advise using CentOS. [CentOS][26] is also a community project affiliated with Red Hat but this one is focused on servers.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Conclusion
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As you can see, both Ubuntu and Fedora are similar to each other on several points. Ubuntu does take lead when it comes to software availability, driver installation and online support. And _**these are the points that make Ubuntu a better choice, specially for inexperienced Linux users.**_
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you want to get familiar with Red Hat, Fedora is a good starting point. If you have some experience with Linux or if you want to use only open source software, Fedora is an excellent choice.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In the end, it is really up to you to decide if you want to use Fedora or Ubuntu. I would suggest creating live USB of both distributions or try them out in virtual machine.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
What’s your opinion on Ubuntu vs Fedora? Which distribution do you prefer and why? Do share your views in the comment section.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-vs-fedora/
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
|
||||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
|
||||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
|
||||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
|
||||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
|
||||||
[1]: https://ubuntu.com/
|
|
||||||
[2]: https://getfedora.org/
|
|
||||||
[3]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ubuntu-vs-fedora.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
|
||||||
[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/install-linux-inside-windows-10.jpg?resize=800%2C479&ssl=1
|
|
||||||
[5]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/fedora-installer.png?resize=800%2C598&ssl=1
|
|
||||||
[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/gnome-desktop-fedora.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
|
||||||
[7]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/applications_menu.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
|
||||||
[8]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org/
|
|
||||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/system-76-galago-pro/
|
|
||||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-repositories/
|
|
||||||
[11]: https://www.screamingfrog.co.uk/seo-spider/#download
|
|
||||||
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/fix-ubuntu-freezing/
|
|
||||||
[13]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/software_updates_additional_drivers_nvidia.png?resize=800%2C523&ssl=1
|
|
||||||
[14]: https://ubuntuforums.org/
|
|
||||||
[15]: https://askubuntu.com/
|
|
||||||
[16]: https://ask.fedoraproject.org/
|
|
||||||
[17]: https://www.debian.org/
|
|
||||||
[18]: https://www.fsf.org/
|
|
||||||
[19]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_(software_development)
|
|
||||||
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/manage-startup-applications-ubuntu/
|
|
||||||
[21]: https://canonical.com/
|
|
||||||
[22]: https://www.redhat.com/en
|
|
||||||
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/ibm-red-hat-acquisition/
|
|
||||||
[24]: https://itsfoss.com/antergos-linux-discontinued/
|
|
||||||
[25]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ubuntu-server.png?resize=800%2C232&ssl=1
|
|
||||||
[26]: https://centos.org/
|
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
|
|||||||
|
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||||
|
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: subject: (One CI/CD pipeline per product to rule them all)
|
||||||
|
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/7/cicd-pipeline-rule-them-all)
|
||||||
|
[#]: author: (Willy-Peter Schaub https://opensource.com/users/wpschaub/users/bclaster/users/matt-micene/users/barkerd427)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
One CI/CD pipeline per product to rule them all
|
||||||
|
======
|
||||||
|
Is the idea of a unified continuous integration and delivery pipeline a
|
||||||
|
pipe dream?
|
||||||
|
![An intersection of pipes.][1]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
When I joined the cloud ops team, responsible for cloud operations and engineering process streamlining, at WorkSafeBC, I shared my dream for one instrumented pipeline, with one continuous integration build and continuous deliveries for every product.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
According to Lukas Klose, [flow][2] (within the context of software engineering) is "the state of when a system produces value at a steady and predictable rate." I think it is one of the greatest challenges and opportunities, especially in the complex domain of emergent solutions. Strive towards a continuous and incremental delivery model with consistent, efficient, and quality solutions, building the right things and delighting our users. Find ways to break down our systems into smaller pieces that are valuable on their own, enabling teams to deliver value incrementally. This requires a change of mindset for both business and engineering.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) pipeline
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The CI/CD pipeline is a DevOps practice for delivering code changes more often, consistently, and reliably. It enables agile teams to increase _deployment frequency_ and decrease _lead time for change_, _change-failure rate_, and _mean time to recovery_ key performance indicators (KPIs), thereby improving _quality_ and delivering _value_ faster. The only prerequisites are a solid development process, a mindset for quality and accountability for features from ideation to deprecation, and a comprehensive pipeline (as illustrated below).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Prerequisites for a solid development process][3]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
It streamlines the engineering process and products to stabilize infrastructure environments; optimize flow; and create consistent, repeatable, and automated tasks. This enables us to turn complex tasks into complicated tasks, as outlined by Dave Snowden's [Cynefin Sensemaking][4] model, reducing maintenance costs and increasing quality and reliability.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Part of streamlining our flow is to minimize waste for the [wasteful practice types][5] Muri (overloaded), Mura (variation), and Muda (waste).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* **Muri:** avoid over-engineering, features that do not link to business value, and excessive documentation
|
||||||
|
* **Mura:** improve approval and validation processes (e.g., security signoffs); drive the [shift-left][6] initiative to push unit testing, security vulnerability scanning, and code quality inspection; and improve risk assessment
|
||||||
|
* **Muda:** avoid waste such as technical debt, bugs, and upfront, detailed documentation
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
It appears that 80% of the focus and intention is on products that provide an integrated and collaborative engineering system that can take an idea and plan, develop, test, and monitor your solutions. However, a successful transformation and engineering system is only 5% about products, 15% about process, and 80% about people.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
There are many products at our disposal. For example, Azure DevOps offers rich support for continuous integration (CI), continuous delivery (CD), extensibility, and integration with open source and commercial off-the-shelve (COTS) software as a service (SaaS) solutions such as Stryker, SonarQube, WhiteSource, Jenkins, and Octopus. For engineers, it is always a temptation to focus on products, but remember that they are only 5% of our journey.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![5% about products, 15% about process, 80% about people][7]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The biggest challenge is breaking down a process based on decades of rules, regulations, and frustrating areas of comfort: "_It is how we have always done it; why change?_"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The friction between people in development and operation results in a variety of fragmented, duplicated, and incessant integration and delivery pipelines. Development wants access to everything, to iterate continuously, to enable users, and to release continuously and fast. Operations wants to lock down everything to protect the business and users and drive quality. This inadvertently and often entails processes and governance that are hard to automate, which results in slower-than-expected release cycles.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Let us explore the pipeline with snippets from a recent whiteboard discussion.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The variation of pipelines is difficult and costly to support; the inconsistency of versioning and traceability complicates live site incidents, and continuous streamlining of the development process and pipelines is a challenge.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Improving quality and visibility of pipelines][8]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
I advocate a few principles that enable one universal pipeline per product:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* Automate everything automatable
|
||||||
|
* Build once
|
||||||
|
* Maintain continuous integration and delivery
|
||||||
|
* Maintain continuous streamlining and improvement
|
||||||
|
* Maintain one build definition
|
||||||
|
* Maintain one release pipeline definition
|
||||||
|
* Scan for vulnerabilities early and often, and _fail fast_
|
||||||
|
* Test early and often, and _fail fast_
|
||||||
|
* Maintain traceability and observability of releases
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If I poke the hornet's nest, however, the most important principle is to _keep it simple_. If you cannot explain the reason (_what_, _why_) and the process (_how_) of your pipelines, you do not understand your engineering process. Most of us are not looking for the best, ultramodern, and revolutionary pipeline—we need one that is functional, valuable, and an enabler for engineering. Tackle the 80%—the culture, people, and their mindset—first. Ask your CI/CD knights in shining armor, with their TLA (two/three-lettered acronym) symbols on their shield, to join the might of practical and empirical engineering.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Unified pipeline
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Let us walk through one of our design practice whiteboard sessions.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![CI build/CD release pipeline][9]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Define one CI/CD pipeline with one build definition per application that is used to trigger _pull-request pre-merge validation_ and _continuous integration_ builds. Generate a _release_ build with debug information and upload to the [Symbol Server][10]. ****This enables developers to debug locally and remotely in production without having to worry which build and symbols they need to load—the symbol server performs that magic for us.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Breaking down the CI build pipeline][11]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Perform as many validations as possible in the build—_shift left_—allowing feature teams to fail fast, continuously raise the overall product quality, and include invaluable evidence for the reviewers with every pull request. Do you prefer a pull request with a gazillion commits? Or a pull request with a couple of commits and supporting evidence such as security vulnerabilities, test coverage, code quality, and [Stryker][12] mutant remnants? Personally, I vote for the latter.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Breaking down the CD release pipeline][13]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Do not use build transformation to generate multiple, environment-specific builds. Create one build and perform release-time _transformation_, _tokenization_, and/or XML/JSON _value replacement_. In other words, _shift-right_ the environment-specific configuration.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Shift-right the environment-specific configuration][14]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Securely store release configuration data and make it available to both Dev and Ops teams based on the level of _trust_ and _sensitivity_ of the data. Use the open source Key Manager, Azure Key Vault, AWS Key Management Service, or one of many other products—remember, there are many hammers in your toolkit!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Dev-QA-production pipeline][15]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Use _groups_ instead of _users_ to move approver management from multiple stages across multiple pipelines to simple group membership.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Move approver management to simple group membership][16]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Instead of duplicating pipelines to give teams access to their _areas of interest_, create one pipeline and grant access to _specific stages_ of the delivery environments.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Pipeline with access to specific delivery stages][17]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Last, but not least, embrace pull requests to help raise insight and transparency into your codebase, improve the overall quality, collaborate, and release pre-validation builds into selected environments; e.g., the Dev environment.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Here is a more formal view of the whole whiteboard sketch.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![The full pipeline][18]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
So, what are your thoughts and learnings with CI/CD pipelines? Is my dream of _one pipeline to rule them all_ a pipe dream?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/cicd-pipeline-rule-them-all
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
作者：[Willy-Peter Schaub][a]
|
||||||
|
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||||
|
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||||
|
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/wpschaub/users/bclaster/users/matt-micene/users/barkerd427
|
||||||
|
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||||
|
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/LAW-Internet_construction_9401467_520x292_0512_dc.png?itok=RPkPPtDe (An intersection of pipes.)
|
||||||
|
[2]: https://continuingstudies.sauder.ubc.ca/courses/agile-delivery-methods/ii861
|
||||||
|
[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_pipeline_pipe-2.png (Prerequisites for a solid development process)
|
||||||
|
[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynefin_framework
|
||||||
|
[5]: https://www.lean.org/lexicon/muda-mura-muri
|
||||||
|
[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_left_testing
|
||||||
|
[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_pipeline_pipe-3.png (5% about products, 15% about process, 80% about people)
|
||||||
|
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_pipeline_pipe-4_0.png (Improving quality and visibility of pipelines)
|
||||||
|
[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_pipeline_pipe-5_0.png (CI build/CD release pipeline)
|
||||||
|
[10]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Symbol_Server
|
||||||
|
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_pipeline_pipe-6.png (Breaking down the CI build pipeline)
|
||||||
|
[12]: https://stryker-mutator.io/
|
||||||
|
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_pipeline_pipe-7.png (Breaking down the CD release pipeline)
|
||||||
|
[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_pipeline_pipe-8.png (Shift-right the environment-specific configuration)
|
||||||
|
[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_pipeline_pipe-9.png (Dev-QA-production pipeline)
|
||||||
|
[16]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_pipeline_pipe-10.png (Move approver management to simple group membership)
|
||||||
|
[17]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_pipeline_pipe-11.png (Pipeline with access to specific delivery stages)
|
||||||
|
[18]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_pipeline_pipe-12.png (The full pipeline)
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
|
|||||||
|
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||||
|
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||||
|
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: subject: (Free and Open Source Trello Alternative OpenProject 9 Released)
|
||||||
|
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/openproject-9-release/)
|
||||||
|
[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
替代 Trello 的免费开源 OpenProject 9 发布了
|
||||||
|
======
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[OpenProject][1] 是一个开源项目协作管理软件。它是 [Trello][2] 和 [Jira][3] 等专有方案的替代品。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果个人使用，你可以免费使用它，并在你自己的服务器上进行设置（并托管它）。这样，你就可以控制数据。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
当然，如果你是[云或企业版用户][4]，那么你可以使用高级功能和更优先的帮助。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
OpenProject 9 的重点是新的看板试图，包列表视图和工作模板。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果你对此不了解，可以尝试一下。但是，如果你是现有用户 - 在迁移到 OpenProject 9 之前，你应该知道这些新功能。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### OpenProject 9 有什么新功能？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
以下是最新版 OpenProjec t的一些主要更改。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Scrum 和敏捷看板
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![][5]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
对于云和企业版，有一个新的 [scrum][6] 和[敏捷][7]看板视图。你还可以 [kanban 风格][8]方式展示你的工作，从而更轻松地支持你的敏捷和 scrum 团队。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
新的看板视图使你可以轻松了解为该任务分配的人员并快速更新状态。你还有不同的看板视图选项，如基本看板、状态看板和版本看板。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 工作包模板
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Work Package Template][9]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
你不必为每个独立的工作包从头开始创建所有内容。而是，你只需保留一个模板，这样你就可以在需要创建新工作包时使用它。这将节省大量时间。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 新的工作包列表视图
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Work Package View][10]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在工作包列表中，有一个微小的新增功能，可让你查看特定工作的已分配人员的头像。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### “我的”页面的可自定义工作包视图
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
“我的”页面显示你正在处理的内容（以及进度），它不应该一直很无聊。因此，现在你可以自定义它，甚至可以添加甘特图来可视化你的工作。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**总结**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
有关迁移和安装的详细说明，请参阅[官方的公告帖][12]，其中包含了必要的细节。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
另外，我们很想知道你使用 OpenProject 9 的经历，请在下面的评论栏告诉我们！如果你使用其他一些项目管理软件，请随时向我们和其他 FOSS 读者推荐。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: https://itsfoss.com/openproject-9-release/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||||
|
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||||
|
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||||
|
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||||
|
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||||
|
[1]: https://www.openproject.org/
|
||||||
|
[2]: https://trello.com/
|
||||||
|
[3]: https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira
|
||||||
|
[4]: https://www.openproject.org/pricing/
|
||||||
|
[5]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/open-project-9-scrum-agile.jpeg?fit=800%2C517&ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrum_(software_development)
|
||||||
|
[7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_development
|
||||||
|
[8]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanban
|
||||||
|
[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/work-package-template.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[10]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/work-package-view.jpg?fit=800%2C454&ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[12]: https://www.openproject.org/openproject-9-new-scrum-agile-board-view/
|
||||||
@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
|
|||||||
|
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||||
|
[#]: translator: (chen-ni)
|
||||||
|
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||||
|
[#]: subject: (Ubuntu or Fedora: Which One Should You Use and Why)
|
||||||
|
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-vs-fedora/)
|
||||||
|
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
你应该选择 Ubuntu 还是 Fedora？
|
||||||
|
======
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
_**摘要：选择 Ubuntu 还是 Fedora？它们的区别是什么？哪一个更好？你应该使用哪一个？看看这篇对比 Ubuntu 和 Fedora 的文章吧。**_
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu 和 Fedora 都是最流行的 Linux 发行版之一，在两者之间做出选择实非易事。在这篇文章里，我会对比一下 Ubuntu 和 Fedora 的不同特点，帮助你进行决策。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
请注意，这篇文章主要是从桌面版的角度进行对比的。Fedora 或者 Ubuntu 针对容器的特殊版本不会被考虑在内。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Ubuntu vs Fedora: 哪一个更好？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Ubuntu Vs Fedora][3]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
不同 Linux 发行版之间的区别主要体现在以下几个方面：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* 基础发行版（Debian、红帽、Arch，或者是从头做起）
|
||||||
|
* 安装方式
|
||||||
|
* 支持的桌面环境
|
||||||
|
* 软件包管理、软件支持和更新
|
||||||
|
* 硬件支持
|
||||||
|
* 开发团队（由企业支持，还是由业余爱好者创建）
|
||||||
|
* 发布周期
|
||||||
|
* 社区和线上支持
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
下面我们来看一下 Ubuntu 和 Fedora 之间的相似之处和不同之处。掌握了这些信息之后，也许就更容易在两者之间做出选择了。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 安装方式
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu 的 Ubiquity 安装器是最好用的安装器之一。我认为这是让 Ubuntu 如此流行的重要原因之一，因为在 2004 年 Ubuntu 刚刚诞生的时候，安装 Linux 还是一个很庞大的工程。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu 安装器可以让你在大约 10 分钟左右完成安装。大多数情况下，它还可以识别出机器里安装的 Windows 系统，并且只需要几下点击就可以实现 Ubuntu 和 Windows 的双系统启动。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
锦上添花的是，在安装 Ubuntu 的过程中你还可以进行系统更新，或者是安装第三方编译码器。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Ubuntu Installer][4]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Fedora 使用的是 Anaconda 安装器，拥有简单易用的界面，同样简化了安装过程。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Fedora Installer | Image Credit Fedora Magazine][5]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Fodora 还提供了一个可以在 Windows 操作系统上下载并创建 Fedora live USB 的写入工具。不过我在大约两年前尝试使用它的时候并不成功，最后使用了一个常规的创建 live USB 的软件。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
根据我的经验，安装 Ubuntu 要比安装 Fedora 容易一些。不过这并不是说安装 Fedora 有多困难，只是 Ubuntu 更简单而已。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 桌面环境
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu 和 Fedora 默认都使用 GNOME 桌面环境。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![GNOME Desktop in Fedora][6]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Fedora 使用的是 stock GNOME 桌面，而 Ubuntu 则在此基础上做了个性化调整，让它看起来就像 Ubuntu 之前使用的 Unity 桌面环境。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![GNOME desktop customized by Ubuntu][7]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
除了 GNOME，Ubuntu 和 Fedora 都提供了一些其它桌面环境的版本。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu 有 Kubuntu、Xubuntu、Lubuntu 等版本，分别提供不同的桌面环境。虽然它们都是 Ubuntu 的官方版本，但是却不是由 Canonical 的 Ubuntu 团队直接开发的，而是由另外的团队开发。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Fedora 通过 [Fedora Spins][8] 的方式提供了一些不同桌面环境的版本。和 Kubuntu、Lubuntu 等版本不同的是，这些版本并非由独立团队开发，而是由 Fedora 核心团队开发的。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 软件包管理和可用软件数量
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu 使用 APT 软件包管理器提供软件并进行管理（包括应用程序、库，以及其它所需代码），而 Fedora 使用 DNF 软件包管理器。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[][9]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Ubuntu 拥有庞大的软件仓库][10]，能够让你轻松安装数以千计的程序，包括 FOSS（LCTT 译注：Free and Open-Source Software 的缩写，自由开源软件）和非 FOSS 的软件。Fedora 则只专注于提供开源软件。虽然这一点在最近的版本里有所转变，但是 Fedora 的软件仓库在规模上仍然比 Ubuntu 的要逊色一些。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
一些第三方软件开发者为 Linux 提供像 .exe 文件一样可以点击安装的软件包。在 Ubuntu 里这些软件包是 .deb 格式的，在 Fedora 里是 .rpm 格式的。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
大多数软件供应商都为 Linux 用户提供 DEM 和 RPM 文件，但是我也经历过供应商只提供 DEB 文件的情况。比如说 SEO 工具 [Screaming Frog][11] 就只提供 DEB 软件包。反过来，一个软件只有 RPM 格式但是没有 DEB 格式这种情况就极其罕见了。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 硬件支持
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
一般来说，Linux 在 WiFi 适配器和显卡的兼容性上容易出现问题，Ubuntu 和 Fedora 都受此影响。以 Nvidia 为例，它的 [开源驱动程序 Nouveau 经常会引发系统启动时假死机之类的问题][12]。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在 Ubuntu 上你可以轻松安装专有驱动程序作为补充。在很多情况下，这样可以获得对硬件更好的支持。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Installing proprietary driver is easier in Ubuntu][13]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Fedora 则坚持使用开源软件，所以在 Fedora 上安装专有驱动程序就比较困难了。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 线上支持和用户群
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu 和 Fedora 都通过社区论坛提供了很好的线上支持。Ubuntu 主要有两个论坛：[UbuntuForums][14] 和 [Ask Ubuntu][15]。Fedora 主要的论坛则是 [Ask Fedora][16]。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
就用户群体而言，Fedora 有着庞大的用户数量。不过 Ubuntu 更为流行，用户数量甚至更为庞大。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu 的流行催生了很多专注于 Ubuntu 的网站和博客。所以相比 Fedora，你可以得到更多关于 Ubuntu 的故障排除指导和学习材料。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 发布周期
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Fedora 每六个月发布一个新版本，每个版本有九个月的支持周期。也就是说，你必须在六个月到九个月之间进行一次系统升级。进行 Fedora 版本升级并不是一件困难的事情，但是需要良好的网络连接。并非所有人都喜欢每九个月进行一次 1.5 GB 的版本升级。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu 有两种版本：常规发布版本和长期支持（LTS）发布版本。常规版本和 Fedora 比较类似，每隔六个月发布一次，有九个月的支持周期。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
而长期支持发布版本则每两年发布一次，有五年的支持周期。常规发布版本探索新功能特性和新的软件版本，而长期支持发布版本则支持旧版本软件。对于不喜欢经常改变、青睐稳定性的人来说，这是一个很好的选择。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 强大的基础发行版
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu 是基于 [Debian][17] 发行版的。Debian 是最大的社区项目之一，并且也是 [自由软件][18] 世界里最受尊敬的项目之一。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Fedora 则是红帽公司的一个社区项目。红帽公司是一个专注于 Linux 发行版的公司。Fedora 充当了一个“试验田”的角色（用技术术语来说叫做“上游”），用来在红帽企业级 Linux 发布新功能之前对这些新功能进行试验。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 在背后支持的企业
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu 和 Fedora 都有来自母公司的支持。Ubuntu 源自 [Canonical][21] 公司，而 Fedora 源自 [红帽公司][22](现在是 [IBM 的一部分][23])。背后企业的支持非常重要，因为可以确保 Linux 发行版良好的维护。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
有一些发行版是由一群独立的业余爱好者们共同创建的，但是在工作负荷之下经常会崩溃。你也许见过一些还算比较流行的发行版项目仅仅是因为这个原因而终止了。很多这样的发行版由于开发者没有足够的业余时间可以投入到项目上而不得不终止，比如 [Antergos][24] 和 Korora。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu 和 Fedora 的背后都有基于 Linux 的企业的支持，这让它们比其它独立的发行版更胜一筹。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Ubuntu vs Fedora：服务端
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
到目前为止，我们在 Ubuntu 和 Fedora 之间的对比主要都集中在桌面端。不过如果不考虑一下服务端的话，对 Linux 的讨论就不能算是完整的。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![Ubuntu Server][25]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ubuntu 不仅在桌面端很流行，在服务端也有很强的存在感。如果你能够在桌面端熟练使用 Ubuntu，那么也不会对 Ubuntu 服务器版本感到陌生。我就是从使用 Ubuntu 桌面端开始的，现在我的网站都运行在 Ubuntu 服务器上。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Fedora 同样有服务端版本，并且也有人在使用。但是大多数系统管理者不会喜欢一个每九个月就需要重启升级的服务器。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
学习 Fedora 可以更好地帮助你使用红帽企业级 Linux（RHEL）。RHEL 是一个付费产品，你需要购买订阅才可以使用。如果你希望在服务器上运行一个和 Fedora 或者红帽类似的操作系统，我推荐使用 CentOS。[CentOS][26] 同样是红帽公司附属的一个社区项目，但是专注于服务端。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 结论
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
你可以看到，Ubuntu 和 Fedora 有很多相似之处。不过就可用软件数量、驱动安装和线上支持来说，Ubuntu 的确更有优势。**Ubuntu 也因此成为了一个更好的选择，尤其是对于没有经验的 Linux 新手而言。**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果你想要熟悉红帽的话，Fedora 是一个很好的开始。如果你对 Linux 有一定经验，或者是只想要使用开源软件，Fedora 就是一个很棒的选择。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
最终还是需要你自己来决定是使用 Fedora 还是 Ubuntu。我会建议为两个发行版分别创建一个 live USB，并且在虚拟机上体验一下。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
你对于 Ubuntu vs Fedora 的看法是什么呢？你更喜欢哪一个发行版，为什么？在评论里分享你的看法吧。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-vs-fedora/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||||
|
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||||
|
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||||
|
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||||
|
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||||
|
[1]: https://ubuntu.com/
|
||||||
|
[2]: https://getfedora.org/
|
||||||
|
[3]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ubuntu-vs-fedora.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/install-linux-inside-windows-10.jpg?resize=800%2C479&ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[5]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/fedora-installer.png?resize=800%2C598&ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/gnome-desktop-fedora.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[7]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/applications_menu.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[8]: https://spins.fedoraproject.org/
|
||||||
|
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/system-76-galago-pro/
|
||||||
|
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-repositories/
|
||||||
|
[11]: https://www.screamingfrog.co.uk/seo-spider/#download
|
||||||
|
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/fix-ubuntu-freezing/
|
||||||
|
[13]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/software_updates_additional_drivers_nvidia.png?resize=800%2C523&ssl=1
|
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|
[14]: https://ubuntuforums.org/
|
||||||
|
[15]: https://askubuntu.com/
|
||||||
|
[16]: https://ask.fedoraproject.org/
|
||||||
|
[17]: https://www.debian.org/
|
||||||
|
[18]: https://www.fsf.org/
|
||||||
|
[19]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_(software_development)
|
||||||
|
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/manage-startup-applications-ubuntu/
|
||||||
|
[21]: https://canonical.com/
|
||||||
|
[22]: https://www.redhat.com/en
|
||||||
|
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/ibm-red-hat-acquisition/
|
||||||
|
[24]: https://itsfoss.com/antergos-linux-discontinued/
|
||||||
|
[25]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ubuntu-server.png?resize=800%2C232&ssl=1
|
||||||
|
[26]: https://centos.org/
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user