document/TranslateProject
2
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git synced 2025-02-25 00:50:15 +08:00
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

translated

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
郑 2023-04-04 13:53:17 +08:00 committed by GitHub
parent 310eb53631
commit 7b2b542892
No known key found for this signature in database
GPG Key ID: 4AEE18F83AFDEB23
2 changed files with 184 additions and 184 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

184
sources/tech/20230328.0 ⭐️⭐️ Debian 12 Bookworm Best New Features.md
View File

@ -1,184 +0,0 @@
[#]: subject: "Debian 12 Bookworm: Best New Features"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/debian-12-features/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "robsean"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Debian 12 Bookworm: Best New Features
======
**We give you a summary of the new features and enhancements of the Debian 12 Bookworm (upcoming) release.**
Debian 12 has been under development for a few months and slowly moving towards a final release. As of publishing this, it is currently under the hard freeze. That means no major package changes or enhancements are expected.
This release comes with several new features and improvements, making it an exciting release for Debian enthusiasts. In this article, we will discuss the best new features of Debian 12 Bookworm and how they can benefit users.
Let’s take a look.
![Debian 12 Bookworm GNOME Desktop][1]
### Debian 12 Bookworm: New Features
#### Linux Kernel
This release features Linux mainline Kernel 6.1, released in December 2022. Timeline-wise, Debian 12 is only one Kernel release behind as of now. Hence, you get the latest and greatest hardware support with stable Kernel 6.1.
Highlights features of this Kernel include initial Rust framework support, updates to Intel and AMD’s upcoming CPU/GPU line-ups, performance improvements of btrfs and other file systems and more.
We already have a dedicated article about [Kernel 6.1 f][2][e][2][atures][2] if you want to learn more.
#### Non-free packages in the installer
A critical change related to the Debian ISO files arrives in Debian 12. Since the beginning, Debian has provided different ISO files for “Free” and “non-free” packages. The proprietary “non-Free” packages are part of separate ISO files. Hence, if you need driver support for your special hardware, then you can download separate ISO files for your laptop/desktop/servers.
However, this experience makes it a little confusing for the end user to pick the correct Debian ISO. The Debian team launched a community voting last year to pick the best option to handle “non-free” packages.
As [per the results][3], the primary ISO files now contain both free and “non-free” ISO files.
So, what changed?
When you try to download official Debian ISO files, you only need to choose one ISO file (DVD size) containing everything. Furthermore, the small net-installation ISO is also present, including “non-free” firmware.
You can look at [this guide][4] regarding Debian ISO.
#### Pipewire by default for GNOME
If you use GNOME desktop in Debian Linux, then a piece of good news for you.
Debian 12 with GNOME desktop [making Pipewire and Wireplumber manager by default][5] sound server, replacing Pulseaudio. The modern Pipewire is already introduced in Ubuntu, Fedora, Pop!_OS and other leading distros.
![Pipewire in Debian 12][6]
#### A new version of Apt (2.6) package manager
Debian 12 is introducing the latest version of apt package manager version 2.6. [Apt 2.6][7] version specifically handles the non-free ISO image support introduced in this release. The changes include the non-free firmware will be enabled by default, and apt will show updates to the non-free packages.
#### Desktop environments
All the major desktop environments are now up to date in Debian 12, except GNOME. Because [GNOME 44][8] was released just a few days back, it won’t make it to Bookworm due to schedule conflicts. Debian 12 is already on hard freeze.
Hence, in Debian 12, you get the [GNOME 43][9]version which is not that far behind compared to the latest release. Furthermore, if you are shifting from [Debian 11][10], then it will be a huge GNOME upgrade.
Fortunately, [KDE Plasma 5.27][11] is now available in this release. KDE Plasma is the final Plasma 5 version and is likely to become LTS until Plasma 6 is ready. Hence, it was a significant upgrade. The KDE Plasma maintainers managed to pull this off.
In addition, [Xfce 4.18][12] in Debian 12 is bringing an improved desktop experience with stunning Thunar features. Also, LXQt 1.2, MATE 1.26 and LXDE 11 are the latest versions featured in Debian 12.
Here’s a summary:
- GNOME 43
- KDE Plasma 5.27
- LXDE 11
- LXQt 1.2
- MATE 1.26
- Xfce 4.18
#### Core modules and applications
Most of the major applications are refreshed. Notably, Python 3.11 is included in Debian 12, which would help the developers and many use cases. In addition, LibreOffice 7.4 and Firefox 102.9 ESR are two noteworthy updates. Here’s a small list of key applications and package updates:
- LibreOffice 7.4.4
- Firefox 102.9 ESR
- GIMP 2.10.32
- OpenJDK 11.6
- PHP 8.2
- Python 3.11+
- Samba 4.17
#### Miscellaneous Updates
- Debian 12 now detects Windows 11 while using in a dual-boot setup.
- Screen reader support is enabled by default for the Cinnamon desktop in Debian
- Automatic launching of speech synthesis after 30 seconds timeout
- Easier detection of multipath devices
- Support for multiple initrd paths
- Support for new ARM and RISC-V devices
- Experimental DMRAID support is dropped
You can learn about additional changes [here][13].
#### Default theme and wallpapers
In every release, Debian introduces some stunning artwork from the community. Debian 12 default artwork themed as “Emerald”.
“_Elegantly polished and chiseled, or in their raw and natural state, gemstones can have an infinite number of shapes.”_
With the Emerald theme, the creator wanted to combine light and minerals in a clean, almost ethereal design.
The default theme and banners are visible across the installer, animated Plymouth, wallpaper and all the places.
Here are some of the images picked up from the [official gallery][14].
![Default wallpaper][15]
![Debian 12 Plymouth][16]
### How to Download Debian 12
**Note**: Debian 12 is not yet released as stable. So, try not to use it for serious work or upgrade to Bookworm from Bullseye.
If you are running Debian 11 bullseye, you can open the `/etc/apt/sources.list` via any text editor and add the following lines. Make sure to verify the mirror URL and change the following command.
```
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian bookworm main non-free contribdeb http://security.debian.org/ bookworm/updates main contrib non-freedeb http://http.us.debian.org/debian sid main non-free contrib
```
After adding those, refresh the apt cache:
```
sudo apt update
```
And then, run the following to get the update.
```
sudo apt dist-upgrade
```
For fresh ISO download, visit any of the below links.
[Download Debian 12 (DVD) ISO – Alpha2][17]
### Wrapping Up
In conclusion, Debian 12 Bookworm is an impressive release that brings several new features and improvements. From the latest desktops to a new kernel and updated packages, this release has a lot to offer for both new and experienced Debian users.
With its focus on stability, security, and open-source principles, Debian 12 Bookworm can be the best choice for those seeking a reliable alternative to Ubuntu and a versatile operating system.
The final release of this version is expected by Q2 2023.
_[Debian 12 changelog][18] (a little outdated)_
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/debian-12-features/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Debian-12-Bookworm-GNOME-Desktop.jpg
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/linux-kernel-6-1/
[3]: https://lists.debian.org/debian-vote/2022/10/msg00000.html
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/download-debian-iso/
[5]: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1020249
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Pipewire-in-Debian-12.jpg
[7]: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apt/+changelog
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-44/
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43/
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/debian-11-features/
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/kde-plasma-5-27/
[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/xfce-4-18-review/
[13]: https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2022/09/msg00004.html
[14]: https://wiki.debian.org/DebianArt/Themes/Emerald
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Default-wallpaper.jpg
[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Debian-12-Plymouth.jpg
[17]: https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/bookworm_di_alpha2/amd64/iso-dvd/
[18]: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-whats-new.en.html

184
translated/tech/20230328.0 ⭐️⭐️ Debian 12 Bookworm Best New Features.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
[#]: subject: "Debian 12 Bookworm: Best New Features"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/debian-12-features/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "robsean"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Debian 12 Bookworm: 最好的新特色功能
======
**我们将给予你们一份关于 Debian 12 Bookworm (即将到来) 发布版本的新的特色功能和增强功能的概述**
Debian 12 已经开发了几个月了，并且正在慢慢走向最终的发布版本。截止发稿时, 它当前正处于冻结状态下。这意味着：预期着不再会有重大的软件包更改或增强。
这个发布版本带来一些新的特色功能和改善功能，使其成为 Debian 爱好者的一个令人兴奋的版本。在这篇文章中，我们将讨论 Debian 12 Bookworm 的最好的新的特色功能，以及它们如何使用户受益。
让我们来看看。
![Debian 12 Bookworm GNOME Desktop][1]
### Debian 12 Bookworm: 新的特色功能
#### Linux 内核
这个发布版本以发布于2022年12月的 Linux 主线内核 Kernel 6.1 为特色。从时间线上看，到目前为止，Debian 12 的内核版本号只比最新内核的版本号落后一个。因此，你将通过使用稳定的 Linux 内核 6.1 版本来获取最新的和最好的硬件支持。
这个内核的亮点特色功能包括：初始支持 Rust 框架、更新支持 Intel 和 AMD 即将到来的 CPU/GPU 系列硬件、改善 btrfs 和其它文件系统系统的性能等等。
我们已经有一篇关于 [Kernel 6.1][2][e][2] [特色功能][2] 的特别文章，如果你想要了解更多的话。
#### 在安装程序中的非自由软件包
在 Debian 12 中出现了一个与 Debian 的 ISO 文件相关的重大更改。从一开始，Debian 就分别针对 “自由” 和 “非自由” 软件包提供了不同的 ISO 文件。专有的 “非自由” 软件包是独立的 ISO 文件的一部分。因此，如果你需要针对你特有硬件的驱动支持，那么你可以针对你的笔记本/台式机/服务器下载不同的 ISO 文件。
然而，这种体验使终端用户在选择恰当的 Debian 的 ISO 时感到迷惑。为此，Debian 团队去年发起一次社区投票，以选出如何处理 “非自由” 的最好的选项。
根据 [选出的结果][3] , 现在，基本的 ISO 文件现在包含 “自由” 和 “非自由” 的软件包。
那么，发生了什么变化？
在我们尝试现在官方的 Debian 的 ISO 文件时，你只需要选择一个包含所有东西的 ISO 文件 (DVD 大小的体积) 。此外，也提供小型的网络安装的 ISO 文件，包含 “非自由” 固件。
你可以查看关于 Debian 的 ISO 文件的 [这篇指南][4] 。
#### GNOME 在默认情况下使用 Pipewire
如果你在 Debian Linux 中使用 GNOME 桌面环境，那么，给你带来一个好消息。
Debian 12 和 GNOME 桌面环境 [在默认情况下，使用 Pipewire 和 Wireplumber 管理器][5] 作为声音服务器，取代了 Pulseaudio 。现代化的 Pipewire 早就已经引入 Ubuntu 、Fedora 、Pop!_OS 等其它领先的发行版。
![Pipewire in Debian 12][6]
#### Apt 软件包管理器的的新版本 (2.6)
Debian 12 引入 apt 软件包管理器的最新的版本。在这个发行版本中，特别引入 [Apt 2.6][7] 版本来具体支持的非自由 ISO 镜像。这些更改包含：默认启用非自由固件，apt 将显示非自由软件包的更新。
#### 桌面环境
在 Debian 12 中，除 GNMOE 桌面环境外，所有的主流桌面环境都是最新的。这是因为 [GNOME 44][8] 才刚刚发布，由于工作日程计划不一样，因此它没有进入 Bookworm 。Debian 12 已经处于冻结状态。
因此，在 Debian 12 中，你将得到 [GNOME 43][9] 版本，与最新的发布版本相比，它也没有落后多少。此外，如果你从 [Debian 11][10] 转换而来，那么，这将是一次重大的 GNOME 升级。
幸运的是，[KDE Plasma 5.27][11] 现在可以在这个发布版本中使用了。KDE Plasma 是 Plasma 5 的最终版本，并且在 Plasma 6 版本准备好之前，它可能会成为 LTS 。因此，它是一次重要的升级。KDE Plasma 维护人员成功地实现了这一目标。
另外，在 Debian 12 中的 [Xfce 4.18][12] 通过令人惊艳的Thunar 的特色功能带来了更好的桌面体验。此外，在 Debian 12 中，LXQt 1.2 、MATE 1.26 和 LXDE 11 都是最新的版本。
这里有一份摘要:
- GNOME 43
- KDE Plasma 5.27
- LXDE 11
- LXQt 1.2
- MATE 1.26
- Xfce 4.18
#### 核心模块和应用程序
大多数主要的应用程序都已经刷新版本。尤其是，Python 3.11 已经包含在 Debian 12 中，这将有助于帮助开发者和很多使用实例。此外，LibreOffice 7.4 和 Firefox 102.9 ESR 也是两个重要的更新。这里有一份关于主要应用程序和软件包升级的小列表:
- LibreOffice 7.4.4
- Firefox 102.9 ESR
- GIMP 2.10.32
- OpenJDK 11.6
- PHP 8.2
- Python 3.11+
- Samba 4.17
#### 各种各样的更新
- Debian 12 现在在双启动设置时会检查到 Windows 11
- 在 Debian 和 Cinnamon 桌面环境中，默认启用支持屏幕阅读器
- 在 30 秒超时后，自动启动语音合成
- 更容易地检测多路径设备
- 支持多个 initrd 路径
- 支持新的 ARM 和 RISC-V 设备
- 放弃实验性的 DMRAID 支持
你可以 [在这里][13] 学习额外的更改。
#### 默认的主题和墙纸
在每一次发布版本中，Debian 都会从引入一些来自社区的令人惊叹的艺术品。Debian 12 以 <ruby>绿宝石<rt> “Emerald” </rt></ruby> 作为默认的艺术品主题。
“_经过抛光和凿刻，或在它们原始和纯天然的状态下，宝石可以有无限多的形状。”_
通过 Emerald 主题，创建者希望将光线与矿物质以一种简洁至近乎超凡脱俗的构思结合在一起。
默认主题和横幅可以在安装程序、动画 Plymouth 、壁纸等所有的位置都可以看到。
这里是一些选自 [官方画廊][14] 的图片。
![Default wallpaper][15]
![Debian 12 Plymouth][16]
### 如何下载 Debian 12
**注意**: Debian 12 尚未发布稳定版本。因此，不要在正式工作中使用它，也不要从 Bullseye 升级到 Bookworm 。
如果你正在运行 Debian 11 bullseye ，你可以通过任意的文本编辑器来打开 `/etc/apt/sources.list` ，并添加下面的命令行。务必验证镜像 URL ，并更改下面的命令行。
```
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian bookworm main non-free contribdeb http://security.debian.org/ bookworm/updates main contrib non-freedeb http://http.us.debian.org/debian sid main non-free contrib
```
在添加这些命令行后，刷新 apt 缓存:
```
sudo apt update
```
接下来，运行下面的命令行来获取更新
```
sudo apt dist-upgrade
```
下载全新的 ISO 文件，访问任意一个下面的链接。
[下载 Debian 12 (DVD) ISO – Alpha2][17]
### 总结
总而言之，Debian 12 Bookworm 是一个令人赞叹的发布版本，带来了一些新的特色功能和改善。从最新的桌面环境到新内核和更新的软件包，这个发布版本为新用户和有经验的 Debian 用户都提供了很多东西。
因为它专注于稳定性、安全性和开源原则，所以，对于那些寻求替换 Ubuntu 和通用操作系统的人来说，Debian 12 Bookworm 可能是最好的选择。
这个版本的最终版本预期在 2023 年第二季度发布。
_[Debian 12 更改日志][18] (有点过时了)_
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/debian-12-features/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Debian-12-Bookworm-GNOME-Desktop.jpg
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/linux-kernel-6-1/
[3]: https://lists.debian.org/debian-vote/2022/10/msg00000.html
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/download-debian-iso/
[5]: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1020249
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Pipewire-in-Debian-12.jpg
[7]: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apt/+changelog
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-44/
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43/
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/debian-11-features/
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/kde-plasma-5-27/
[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/xfce-4-18-review/
[13]: https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2022/09/msg00004.html
[14]: https://wiki.debian.org/DebianArt/Themes/Emerald
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Default-wallpaper.jpg
[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Debian-12-Plymouth.jpg
[17]: https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/bookworm_di_alpha2/amd64/iso-dvd/
[18]: https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-whats-new.en.html