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translation by strugglingyouth
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10 passwd command examples in Linux
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================================================================================
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As the name suggest **passwd** command is used to change the password of system users. If the passwd command is executed by non-root user then it will ask for the current password and then set the new password of a user who invoked the command. When this command is executed by super user or root then it can reset the password for any user including root without knowing the current password.
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In this post we will discuss passwd command with practical examples.
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#### Syntax : ####
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# passwd {options} {user_name}
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Different options that can be used in passwd command are listed below :
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### Example:1 Change Password of System Users ###
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When you logged in as non-root user like ‘linuxtechi’ in my case and run passwd command then it will reset password of logged in user.
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[linuxtechi@linuxworld ~]$ passwd
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Changing password for user linuxtechi.
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Changing password for linuxtechi.
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(current) UNIX password:
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New password:
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Retype new password:
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passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
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[linuxtechi@linuxworld ~]$
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When you logged in as root user and run **passwd** command then it will reset the root password by default and if you specify the user-name after passwd command then it will change the password of that user.
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd linuxtechi
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**Note** : System user’s password is stored in an encrypted form in /etc/shadow file.
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### Example:2 Display Password Status Information. ###
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To display password status information of a user , use **-S** option in passwd command.
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -S linuxtechi
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linuxtechi PS 2015-09-20 0 99999 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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In the above output first field shows the user name and second field shows Password status ( **PS = Password Set , LK = Password locked , NP = No Password** ), third field shows when the password was changed and last & fourth field shows minimum age, maximum age, warning period, and inactivity period for the password
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### Example:3 Display Password Status info for all the accounts ###
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To display password status info for all the accounts use “**-aS**” option in passwd command, example is shown below :
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root@localhost:~# passwd -Sa
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### Example:4 Removing Password of a User using -d option ###
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In my case i am removing/ deleting the password of ‘**linuxtechi**‘ user.
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -d linuxtechi
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Removing password for user linuxtechi.
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passwd: Success
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -S linuxtechi
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linuxtechi NP 2015-09-20 0 99999 7 -1 (Empty password.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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“**-d**” option will make user’s password empty and will disable user’s account.
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### Example:5 Set Password Expiry Immediately ###
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Use ‘-e’ option in passwd command to expire user’s password immediately , this will force the user to change the password in the next login.
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -e linuxtechi
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Expiring password for user linuxtechi.
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passwd: Success
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -S linuxtechi
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linuxtechi PS 1970-01-01 0 99999 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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Now Try to ssh machine using linuxtechi user.
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### Example:6 Lock the password of System User ###
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Use ‘**-l**‘ option in passwd command to lock a user’s password, it will add “!” at starting of user’s password. A User can’t Change it’s password when his/her password is locked.
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -l linuxtechi
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Locking password for user linuxtechi.
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passwd: Success
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -S linuxtechi
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linuxtechi LK 2015-09-20 0 99999 7 -1 (Password locked.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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### Example:7 Unlock User’s Password using -u option ###
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -u linuxtechi
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Unlocking password for user linuxtechi.
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passwd: Success
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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### Example:8 Setting inactive days using -i option ###
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-i option in passwd command is used to set inactive days for a system user. This will come into the picture when password of user ( in my case linuxtechi) expired and user didn’t change its password in ‘**n**‘ number of days ( i.e 10 days in my case) then after that user will not able to login.
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -i 10 linuxtechi
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Adjusting aging data for user linuxtechi.
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passwd: Success
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -S linuxtechi
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linuxtechi PS 2015-09-20 0 99999 7 10 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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### Example:9 Set Minimum Days to Change Password using -n option. ###
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In the below example linuxtechi user has to change the password in 90 days. A value of zero shows that user can change it’s password in any time.
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -n 90 linuxtechi
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Adjusting aging data for user linuxtechi.
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passwd: Success
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -S linuxtechi
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linuxtechi PS 2015-09-20 90 99999 7 10 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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### Example:10 Set Warning days before password expire using -w option ###
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‘**-w**’ option in passwd command is used to set warning days for a user. It means a user will be warned for n number of days that his/her password is going to expire.
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -w 12 linuxtechi
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Adjusting aging data for user linuxtechi.
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passwd: Success
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -S linuxtechi
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linuxtechi PS 2015-09-20 90 99999 12 10 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxtechi.com/10-passwd-command-examples-in-linux/
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作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
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150
translated/tech/20151019 10 passwd command examples in Linux.md
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150
translated/tech/20151019 10 passwd command examples in Linux.md
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在 Linux 中 passwd 命令的10个示例
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================================================================================
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正如 **passwd** 命令的名称所示，其用于改变系统用户的密码。如果 passwd 命令由非 root 用户执行，那么它会询问当前用户的密码，然后设置调用命令用户的新密码。当此命令由超级用户 root 执行的话，就可以重新设置任何用户的密码，包括不知道当前密码的用户。
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在这篇文章中，我们将讨论 passwd 命令实际的例子。
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#### 语法 : ####
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# passwd {options} {user_name}
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可以在 passwd 命令使用不同的选项，列表如下：
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### 例1：更改系统用户的密码 ###
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当你使用非 root 用户登录时，像我使用 ‘linuxtechi’ 登录的情况下，运行 passwd 命令它会重置当前登录用户的密码。
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[linuxtechi@linuxworld ~]$ passwd
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Changing password for user linuxtechi.
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Changing password for linuxtechi.
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(current) UNIX password:
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New password:
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Retype new password:
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passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
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[linuxtechi@linuxworld ~]$
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当你作为 root 用户登录后并运行 **passwd** 命令时，它默认情况下会重新设置 root 的密码，如果你在 passwd 命令后指定了用户名，它会重置该用户的密码。
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd linuxtechi
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**注意** : 系统用户的密码以加密的形式保存在 /etc/shadow 文件中。
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### 例2：显示密码状态信息 ###
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要显示用户密码的状态信息，请在 passwd 命令后使用 **-S** 选项。
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -S linuxtechi
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linuxtechi PS 2015-09-20 0 99999 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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在上面的输出中，第一个字段显示的用户名，第二个字段显示密码状态（**PS = 密码设置，LK = 密码锁定，NP = 无密码**），第三个字段显示了当密码被改变，后面的字段分别显示了密码能更改的最小期限和最大期限，超过更改期能使用的最大期限，最后的为过期禁用天数。
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### 例3：显示所有账号的密码状态信息 ###
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为了显示所有用户密码的状态信息需要使用 “**-aS**”选项在passwd 命令中，示例如下所示：
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root@localhost:~# passwd -Sa
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（LCTT译注：CentOS6.6 没有测试成功，但 Ubuntu 可以。）
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### 例4：使用 -d 选项删除用户的密码 ###
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就我而言，我删除 ‘**linuxtechi**‘ 用户的密码。
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -d linuxtechi
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Removing password for user linuxtechi.
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passwd: Success
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -S linuxtechi
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linuxtechi NP 2015-09-20 0 99999 7 -1 (Empty password.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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“**-d**” 选项将使用户的密码为空，并禁用用户登录。
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### 例5：设置密码立即过期 ###
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在 passwd 命令中使用 '-e' 选项会立即使用户的密码过期，这将强制用户在下次登录时更改密码。
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -e linuxtechi
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Expiring password for user linuxtechi.
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passwd: Success
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -S linuxtechi
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linuxtechi PS 1970-01-01 0 99999 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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现在尝试用 linuxtechi 用户 SSH 到主机。
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### 例6：锁定系统用户的密码 ###
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在 passwd 命令中使用 ‘**-l**‘ 选项能锁定用户的密码，它会在密码的起始位置加上“！”。当他/她的密码被锁定时，用户将不能更改它的密码。
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -l linuxtechi
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Locking password for user linuxtechi.
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passwd: Success
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -S linuxtechi
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linuxtechi LK 2015-09-20 0 99999 7 -1 (Password locked.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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### 例7：使用 -u 选项解锁用户密码 ###
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -u linuxtechi
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Unlocking password for user linuxtechi.
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passwd: Success
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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### 例8：使用 -i 选项设置非活动时间 ###
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在 passwd 命令中使用 -i 选项用于设系统用户的非活动时间。当用户（我使用的是linuxtechi用户）密码过期后，用户再经过 ‘**n**‘ 天后（在我的情况下是10天）没有更改其密码，用户将不能登录。
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -i 10 linuxtechi
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Adjusting aging data for user linuxtechi.
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passwd: Success
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -S linuxtechi
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linuxtechi PS 2015-09-20 0 99999 7 10 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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### 例9：使用 -n 选项设置密码更改的最短时间 ###
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在下面的例子中，linuxtechi用户必须在90天内更改密码。0表示用户可以在任何时候更改它的密码。
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -n 90 linuxtechi
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Adjusting aging data for user linuxtechi.
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passwd: Success
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -S linuxtechi
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linuxtechi PS 2015-09-20 90 99999 7 10 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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### 例10：使用 -w 选项设置密码过期前的警告期限 ###
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‘**-w**’ 选项在 passwd 命令中用于设置用户的警告期限。这意味着，n天之后，他/她的密码将过期。
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -w 12 linuxtechi
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Adjusting aging data for user linuxtechi.
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passwd: Success
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[root@linuxworld ~]# passwd -S linuxtechi
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linuxtechi PS 2015-09-20 90 99999 12 10 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
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[root@linuxworld ~]#
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxtechi.com/10-passwd-command-examples-in-linux/
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作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
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译者：[strugglingyouth](https://github.com/strugglingyouth)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
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Block a user