diff --git a/sources/tech/20221109.5 ⭐️ How to Find Systemd or Any Other init System in Linux.md b/sources/tech/20221109.5 ⭐️ How to Find Systemd or Any Other init System in Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index d8693c87a6..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20221109.5 ⭐️ How to Find Systemd or Any Other init System in Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,81 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How to Find Systemd or Any Other init System in Linux" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/systemd-or-init/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How to Find Systemd or Any Other init System in Linux -====== - -**Here’s how you can determine if you are running systems or any other init system in your Linux distribution.** - -The first process, which starts when you boot up your Linux distribution, is called init (short for initialization). It has the process identifier 1 (i.e. pid=1). All the processes and applications in your Unix-based system are direct descendants of this init process. - -Based on functionality and features, different types of init processes are present. For example, [systemd][1], Runit, OpenRC, sysVinit, etc. Among those, the systemd is the most popular and modern one, which is used and adopted by all the modern Linux distributions, including Ubuntu and Fedora. - -There are ongoing debates about Systemd and its performance compared to the traditional Unix-based init systems. But that’s a topic for another article. - -let’s find out how you can determine whether you are running a systemd or any other init system in your Linux distribution. - -### Systemd or what init system? - -Unfortunately, there’s no direct command to find it out. You can trace it back from the init process id=1, which is basically a symbolic link to `/sbin/init` i.e. pid=1. - -Use `[strings][2]` command to print the text embedded in the binary file `/sbin/init` & search for init with the following command. - -``` -strings /sbin/init | grep init -``` - -**Example 1**: In this below output where it’s a sysVinit system running Debian (via Peppermint OS). As you can see, it clearly shows the init process name. - -``` -strings /sbin/init | grep init -``` - -![example showing the init is used and not systemd][3] - -If you find systemd in the same above system, there won’t be any entries. Hence you can conclude that you are running sysvinit and not systemd. - -**Example 2**: If you run the above command in a systemd system, you can easily see the systemd and its version at the first line of the output. - -``` -strings /sbin/init | grep systemd -``` - -![example showing it uses systemd][4] - -**Example 3**: You can also try to print the process tree using `pstree` command, which should show you the first process name. It should be either systemd or init, as shown in the below example. - -``` -pstree -``` - -![pstree is showing systemd is used][5] - -![pstree is showing init is used][6] - -That’s it. This is how you can easily find out whether your distro uses systemd or something else. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/systemd-or-init/ - -作者:[Arindam][a] -选题:[lkxed][b] -译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/systemd -[2]: https://linux.die.net/man/1/strings -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/example-showing-the-init-is-used-and-not-systemd.jpg -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/example-showing-it-uses-systemd.jpg -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/pstree-is-showing-systemd-is-used.jpg -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/pstree-is-showing-init-is-used.jpg diff --git a/translated/tech/20221109.5 ⭐️ How to Find Systemd or Any Other init System in Linux.md b/translated/tech/20221109.5 ⭐️ How to Find Systemd or Any Other init System in Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..33f26da1f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20221109.5 ⭐️ How to Find Systemd or Any Other init System in Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Find Systemd or Any Other init System in Linux" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/systemd-or-init/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +如何在 Linux 中查找 Systemd 或任何其他 init 系统 +====== + +**你可以通过以下方式确定你的 Linux 发行版中是否正在运行系统或任何其他 init 系统。** + +第一个进程在你启动 Linux 发行版时开始,称为 init(初始化的缩写)。它的进程标识符为 1(即 pid=1)。基于 Unix 的系统中的所有进程和应用程序都是这个 init 进程的直接后代。 + +根据功能和特性,存在不同类型的初始化进程。例如,[systemd][1]、Runit、OpenRC、sysVinit 等。其中,systemd 是最流行和最现代的一种,被包括 Ubuntu 和 Fedora 在内的所有现代 Linux 发行版使用和采用。 + +与传统的基于 Unix 的 init 系统相比,Systemd 及其性能一直存在争议。但这是另一篇文章的主题。 + +让我们看看如何确定在 Linux 发行版中运行的是 systemd 还是任何其他 init 系统。 + +### systemd 还是什么 init 系统? + +不幸的是,没有直接的命令可以找到它。你可以从初始化进程 id=1 追溯它,它基本上是到 `/sbin/init` 的符号链接,即 pid=1。 + +使用 `[strings][2]` 命令打印嵌入在二进制文件 `/sbin/init` 中的文本并使用以下命令搜索 init。 + + +``` +strings /sbin/init | grep init +``` + +**示例 1**:在下面的输出中,它是一个运行 Debian(通过 Peppermint OS)的 sysVinit 系统。如你所见,它清楚地显示了 init 进程名称。 + +``` +strings /sbin/init | grep init +``` + +![显示使用 init 而不是 systemd 的示例][3] + +如果在上述同一个系统中找到 systemd,那么不会有任何条目。因此,你可以得出结论,你正在运行 sysvinit 而不是 systemd。 + +**示例 2**:如果你在 systemd 系统中运行上述命令,你可以在输出的第一行轻松看到 systemd 及其版本。 + +``` +strings /sbin/init | grep systemd +``` + +![显示它使用 systemd 的示例][4] + +**示例 3**:你也可以尝试使用 `pstree` 命令打印进程树,它应该会显示第一个进程名称。它应该是 systemd 或 init,如下例所示。 + +``` +pstree +``` + +![pstree 显示使用 systemd][5] + +![pstree 显示使用 init][6] + +这就好了。这样你就可以轻松找出你的发行版是使用 systemd 还是其他的。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/systemd-or-init/ + +作者:[Arindam][a] +选题:[lkxed][b] +译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/systemd +[2]: https://linux.die.net/man/1/strings +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/example-showing-the-init-is-used-and-not-systemd.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/example-showing-it-uses-systemd.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/pstree-is-showing-systemd-is-used.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/pstree-is-showing-init-is-used.jpg