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Eriwoon 认领翻译
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The State Of JavaScript: JavaScript Flavors
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===========
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One thing that distinguishes JavaScript from other programming languages is that JavaScript isn’t just one language: it’s actually more like a family of closely related cousins.
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What started with CoffeeScript back in 2009 has become an explosion of choice over the past couple years: ES6, TypeScript, Elm… they all have their strengths, and they all compile down to good old JavaScript.
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So after last week’s look at front-end frameworks, let’s look at what the State Of JavaScript survey can tell us about JavaScript Flavors.
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Disclaimer: these are preliminary results extracted from a partial dataset. They’re just a way for me to share some insights while I take my time to come up with the best way to present the complete results.
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Note: if you haven’t taken the survey yet, now would be the perfect time to do it! It’ll only take 10 minutes and you can come back here after :)
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### Awareness
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First, I wanted to find out the percentage of respondents that were aware of each of the six options’ existence:
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- Good Old Plain JavaScript: 97%
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- ES6: 98%
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- CoffeeScript: 99%
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- TypeScript: 98%
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- Elm: 66%
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- ClojureScript: 77%
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You would expect that “Good Old Plain JavaScript” would score 100% awareness, but I imagine some people couldn’t resist the temptation of picking “I’ve never heard of JavaScript” in a JavaScript survey…
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ES6, CoffeeScript, and TypeScript all have near-perfect awareness, which surprised me since TypeScript isn’t quite as widespread as the other two.
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Elm and ClojureScript on the other hand have much lower scores, which makes sense since they’re more tied to their own ecosystems, and harder to use in existing apps.
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### Interest
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Next, let’s look at which flavors have been generating the most interest among developers who haven’t used them yet:
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Remember we’re looking at non-users here, so it makes sense that there would be very few people who haven’t used Plain JavaScript.
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It’s interesting to look at ES6: a large proportion of developers have already jumped on the bandwagon, and almost all (89%) of those who haven’t yet want to learn it as well.
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TypeScript and Elm are in the same boat: not many people have used them, but they have 53% and 58% interest scores respectively, which isn’t bad by any means.
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If I had to guess, I’d say that both TypeScript and Elm might be having a hard time articulating their advantages to the average JavaScript developer. After all it’s hard to understand the advantages of something like static typing if all you know is JavaScript.
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Also, few developers have used CoffeeScript, and apparently almost nobody wants to learn it. There goes my plan to write a 12-volume CoffeeScript Encyclopedia…
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### Satisfaction
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We now come to the key question: how many developers have used each specific flavor, and how many would use it again?
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While plain JavaScript has larger usage numbers as expected, in terms of satisfaction the big winner here is ES6, and I think it’s safe to say it’s now the default way to write JavaScript apps.
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TypeScript and Elm both also have similarly high satisfaction percentages, around 85%. And once more, poor CoffeeScript trails the poll with only 17% of developers willing to consider it again.
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### Happiness
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Finally, I asked people how happy they were with their current way of writing JavaScript:
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The high scores we saw in the previous question are confirmed here: with an average score of 3.96 overall, people are really happy with JavaScript as a language.
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It’s hard to say if this is because of JavaScript’s recent improvements, or because maybe (just maybe) JavaScript isn’t as horrible a language as people make it to be. But it’s certainly comforting.
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### Conclusions
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If React and Vue were the clear winners last time, I would say that here it’s without a doubt ES6. This is not groundbreaking news by any means, but it’s nice to know the community is embracing the direction the language is taking.
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It will be really interesting to ask these questions again a year or so from now, and see if TypeScript, Elm, and ClojureScript have made any progress.
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Personally, I suspect this explosion of flavors is just the beginning, and that the way we write JavaScript a couple years from now might be quite different!
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### Share the Word & Stay Tuned
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When it comes to surveys like this one, more data equals better data! The more people take the survey, the more representative of the overall JavaScript community it will be.
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So if you can, I encourage you to share the survey:
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[On Twitter][1]
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[On Facebook][2]
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And if you’d like to know next time I publish results, [head to the survey homepage][3] and leave your email there to be notified!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.oreilly.com/ideas/spark-comparison-aws-vs-gcp?utm_source=dbweekly&utm_medium=email
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作者：[Sacha Greif][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://medium.com/@sachagreif
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[1]: https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?text=The%20State%20Of%20JavaScript%3A%20take%20a%20short%20survey%20about%20popular%20JavaScript%20technologies%20http%3A%2F%2Fstateofjs.com%20%23stateofjs
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[2]: https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fstateofjs.com
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[3]: http://stateofjs.com/
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JavaScript 现状：方言篇
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JavaScript 和其他编程语言有一个很大的不同，它不像单纯的一个语言，而像一个由众多方言组成大家族。
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从2009年 CoffeeScript 的出现开始，近几年出现了大量基于 JavaScript 语言，或者叫方言，例如 ES6，TypeScript，Elm 等等。它们都有自己的优势，且都可以被完美编译成标准 JavaScript。
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所以，继上周的前端框架篇，今天带来 JavaScript 现状之方言篇，看一下大家对于 JavaScript 的方言是怎么选择的。
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> 声明：下面的结论是根据部分数据得出的初步结果，希望能将我的一些想法带给大家，对于完整数据后面我会用更好方式呈现出来。
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> 注意：如果你还没有参与这个调查，现在就来参加吧，可以花十分钟完成调查然后再回来看这篇文章。
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### 认知度
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首先，我想看一下参与问卷调查的人是否**知道**下面六种语言：
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- 经典的 JavaScript: 97%
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- ES6: 98%
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- CoffeeScript: 99%
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- TypeScript: 98%
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- Elm: 66%
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- ClojureScript: 77%
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你可能觉得100%的人都应该知道『经典的 JavaScript 』，我想是有人无法抵抗『我从来没有听说过 JavaScript 』这个选项的强大诱惑吧……
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几乎所有人都知道 ES6、CoffeeScript 和 TypeScript 这三种语言，比较令我惊讶的是 TypeScript 竟然会稍微落后于 ES6 和 CoffeeScript。
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另一方面，Elm 和 ClojureScript 得分就要低得多，当然这也有道理，因为它们跟自己的生态环境绑定的比较紧密，也很难在已有的 App 中进行使用。
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### 兴趣度
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接下来，让我们一起看一下，哪一种方言吸引新开发者的能力更强一些：
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要注意，表是统计该语言对从未使用过它们的用户的吸引度，因为只有很少人没有用过经典 JavaScript，所以『经典 JavaScript 』这一列的数值很低。
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ES6的数值很有趣：已有很大比例的用户在使用 ES6 了，没有用过的人中的绝大部分（89%）也很想学习它。
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TypeScript 和 Elm 的状态差不多：用过的人不多，但感兴趣的比例表现不错，分别是 53% 和 58%。
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如果让我预测一下，那我觉得 TypeScript 和 Elm 都很难向普通的 JavaScript 开发者讲明自己的优势。毕竟如果开发者只懂 JavaScript 的话，你很难解释清楚静态类型的好处。
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另外，只有很少开发者用过 CoffeeScript，而且很明显几乎没人想去学。我觉得我该写一本 12 卷厚的 CoffeeScript 百科全书了……
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### 满意度
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现在是最重要的问题的时间了：有多少开发者用过这些语言，有多少人还想继续使用这些方言呢？
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虽然经典 JavaScript 拥有最多的用户量，但就满意度来说 ES6 才是大赢家，而且我想现在已经能安全的说，ES6 可以作为开发 JavaScript App 默认的语言。
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TypeScript 和 Elm 有相似的高满意度，都在 85% 上下。然后，只有可怜的 17% 的开发者会考虑继续使用 CoffeeScript。
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### 快乐度
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最后一个问题，我问大家在用现在的方式写 JavaScript 时是否感到快乐：
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这个问题的答案和上一个问题的满意度想匹配：平均分达到 3.96 分（1 - 5 分），大家在使用 JavaScript 时候确实是快乐的。
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不过很难说高分是因为 JavaScript 最近的一些改进造成的呢，还是发现 JavaScript 可能（仅仅是可能）没有大家认为的那么讨厌。总之，JavaScript 令人满意。
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### 总结
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如果说上次的赢家是 React 和 Vue，那此次调查的冠军毫无争议是 ES6 了。 ES6 并带来没有开天辟地的变化，但整个社区都还是很认可当前 JavaScript 演进方向的。
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我觉得一年之后我们再来一次这样的调查，结果会很有趣。同时也可以关注一下 TypeScript、Elm 还有ClojureScript 有没有继续进步。
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个人认为，当前 JavaScript 大家庭百花齐放的现象还只是一个开始，或许几年之后 JavaScript 就会变得非常不同了。
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### 结语&敬请期待
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对于我这样的调查来说数据越多就意味着数据越准确！越多人参加这个调查，那就越能代表整个 JavaScript 社区。
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所以，我十分希望你能帮忙分享这个调查问卷：
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[On Twitter][1]
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[On Facebook][2]
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另外，如果你想收到我下一个调查结果分析，前往 [调查问卷主页][3] 并留下自己的邮箱吧。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.oreilly.com/ideas/spark-comparison-aws-vs-gcp?utm_source=dbweekly&utm_medium=email
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作者：[Sacha Greif][a]
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译者：[eriwoon](https://github.com/eriwoon)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://medium.com/@sachagreif
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[1]: https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?text=The%20State%20Of%20JavaScript%3A%20take%20a%20short%20survey%20about%20popular%20JavaScript%20technologies%20http%3A%2F%2Fstateofjs.com%20%23stateofjs
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[2]: https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fstateofjs.com
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[3]: http://stateofjs.com/
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